CN1836090A - Self-diverting foamed system - Google Patents
Self-diverting foamed system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1836090A CN1836090A CN 200380110399 CN200380110399A CN1836090A CN 1836090 A CN1836090 A CN 1836090A CN 200380110399 CN200380110399 CN 200380110399 CN 200380110399 A CN200380110399 A CN 200380110399A CN 1836090 A CN1836090 A CN 1836090A
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Abstract
A method is given for diverting acids in matrix acidizing and acid fracturing. The acids are diverted with a diverting agent that is an energized or foamed acidic viscoelastic surfactant system that contains a viscoelastic surfactant that gels and increases in viscosity when the acid in the foamed acidic viscoelastic surfactant system is spent. The method provides a synergistic combination of the diverting capabilities of foams and the diverting capabilities of viscoelastic gel systems. The resistance to flow of the gelled foamed viscoelastic surfactant system is greater than expected from a foam or a viscoelastic gel system alone.
Description
Background technology
The present invention relates to the stimulation treatment of subterranean oil gas well.More specifically, the present invention relates to carry out matrix stimulation and relate to acid fracturing splitting by acidifying.More specifically, the present invention relates to turn to the acid of injection to improve the new method that the zone covers (zonal coverage).
Acidifying is the method that acidic fluid or reactive fluid are contacted with the subsurface formations that is penetrated by pit shaft (wellbore) (" basement rock ").Contact of acidifying fluid and dissolving pit shaft pollute (wellbore damage) and/or part basement rock.If this processing is used more than frac pressure, the fluid fracturing rock that injects and the major function of acidic fluid are the opposite faces that produces acid etching hole (wormhole) and/or etching crack, differential ground, so that when discharging injection pressure with sealed fracture, these faces no longer match, and (fracture tip) flows to pit shaft along fracture surface from the crack end in the stream maintenance, makes formation fluid flow into pit shaft and is used for producing.Importantly the fluid of Zhu Ruing should arrive the target complete zone, so that maximizing the benefits.In matrix acidizing or acid fracturing split, because the propensity of the reactive stratum rock reaction that acid at first contacts with it (because this rock apart from pit shaft recently or this rock be the porosity maximum or owing to natural crack or this rock of hole (vug) are easy to reach), be difficult to realize maximizing the benefits.Based on the inhomogeneities of rock, sour and the reaction rate of rock and the speed that fresh acid is imported rock, acid reaction is homogeneous relatively, can one or more formation extend to the interior long acid etching hole of rock, perhaps can form many networks that extend to the less acid etching hole in the rock.All these are known for those of ordinary skills.Obtain acid and all the trial that contacts fully of formation area (being called the zone covers) relate to from the zone that at first contacts acid redirect to new zone.This be because otherwise this acid will often continue and the reaction of its rock that at first contacts, particularly because it will form stream according to qualifications for the acid of injecting subsequently.When the stratum is when being made of the rock stratum with different permeabilities (strata), it also is necessary turning to.When having permeability contrast, initial acid of injecting will often at first enter the layer of permeability maximum, and in fact further increase their permeability, will continue to enter these layers then.Turn to and to address this problem.
The zone covering can (for example be injected and pass through coiled tubing by using mechanical means, and the part formation at target locations is with packer (packer) continuously separately) or pass through in the zone or subregion processing back fill fluid (for example gel or foam) or additive (for example salt), this stops fluid to flow into processing region and acid or reactive fluid is redirect to the zone of newly (still being untreated) from processing region.
Aerated fluid demonstrated can be not only by their viscosity and by the destruction under the dynamic flow condition with form again and block the stratum.And the bubble size in the foam is big more with respect to hole dimension, and aerated fluid is effective more to the obstruction on stratum.When having layering (different permeabilities layer), following realization turns to: by in whole processing procedures, in the higher permeability region generating and keep stable foam.When having the long zone of generation processing, following realization turns to: by using the acid treatment subregion, filled and process enters this subregion to block the acid of injecting subsequently then, the more acid of injection then.Can repeat the step that these replace.The result obtains fully by handling of fluids that the zone covers and effectively polluted removal by acid, or even from the removal of heavily polluted area.Based on type and the concentration and the foam quality of used surfactant, foam can produce the yield stress of varying level.The stability of known aerated fluid load bearing solid particle and enhance fluid and thickness mobile performance.Have realized that also aerated fluid is that best acid is increased production with turning to one of fluid.Other advantage of aerated fluid is that it more cleans than non-foam fluid inherently, even they contain polymer also is like this, this is because they contain less fluid and they help to start (kick off) backflow and purification, because they provide energy to help to overcome resistance (for example hydrostatic head), to reflux to system.In exhausted payzone, they are that " energizing " is particular importance (energized).
When the gelled fluids of injecting has been used polymer (in addition, its can for crosslinked) or with the viscoelastic surfactant systems gelatine time, gelled fluids is used as diversion agent.Need them to stop the position of flowing by they are placed into, these fluids turn to mechanical device or the identical mode of chemicals (for example salt).
As a new technology, viscoelastic surfactant systems has demonstrated and can be used to turn to acid or reactive fluid in a new way.At this moment, when suitable configuration (based on the type and the character of additive therefor and surfactant), viscoelastic surfactant fluids is acid and low viscous at first, this fluid gelling after this acid exhausts (viscosity increase) and pH increase then, but so its reduce the injection (injectivity) that the fluid that next injects enters the zone after the volume increase temporarily.These materials (surfactant in the acid) are called " viscoplasticity turns to acid system (viscoelastic diverting acid system) " or " VDA system " sometimes, and can be used for fracturing yield increasing or acidifying.We will be called " gel " or " gelling " with the fluid of viscoelastic surfactant systems tackify.Because their gellings when acid exhausts, these fluid systems demonstrate from turning to behavior (self-diverting behavior).Usually exhaust the process medium viscosity in acid and be changed to 5-300cP (at 170s
-1), this depends on temperature.Because they are low viscous during injection, when they enter and with its reactive basement rock that at first contacts reaction, but after their reactions, their gellings are also stopped up this zone on stratum, the new region that forces the fluid of next injection to enter rock matrix.This is enough to give this material rotation tropism.This makes acid or the reactive fluid injected subsequently further increase production other oil or territory, gas area, perhaps strengthens the cleaning in water injection well or gas injection well.After processing, the diversion agent gel destroys by reflux fluid (flowback fluid) or by inner gel breaker (breaker).
Can be in these technology of any applications that are difficult to contact the target complete basement rock.For example, in vertical shaft or inclined shaft, formation at target locations can be layered as and have different permeabilities the layer of (or have differential responses with acid or reactive fluid), perhaps formation at target locations possibility so fine and close (from the top to the bottom) is so that owing to one or more reasons, be difficult to contact with all targets in single processing.Turn to technology also to go for horizontal well and be necessary that at this moment, the stratum may be not fine and close, but the distance of oil well earth penetrating can be very long, so the far-end with the pit shaft that reaches earth penetrating is injected in the acid that is very difficult to prepare in the single stage.
Although known many methods that acid turns to that is used for, if they are based on machinery, they can need expensive and complex apparatus and operation consuming time.If they are based on chemicals, their may be insufficient and obtain incomplete zone and cover, and need many additives, many steps and lot of materials usually, and they can need time and other chemical treatment to remove.Therefore, need simple, cheap, rapid, reversible effective forward method.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the present invention relate to the method for synergistic combination from the character of character that turns to viscoelastic fluid system and aerated fluid, to produce more effective and more effective acidifying and stimulation treatment (for example matrix acidizing or acid fracturing split (being also referred to as fracture acidizing)) with turning to system certainly.Use that the forward method (the wherein sour gelling of initial foaming when acid exhausts) of fluid is collaborative to produce the enhancing properties variation, to improve the rotation tropism during the sour stimulation treatment.The increase of viscosity during this method has increased viscosity and changes, except that viscosity changes, also cause yield stress to change, strengthened initial foam stability, improved the cleaning on stratum, increased the backflow of stimulation fluid, and strengthened the stimulation fluid covering in a plurality of zones with different permeabilities.Foam is from the diversion agent system (viscoelastic energized diverter system) that turns to the viscoelastic acid fluid system to be called viscoplasticity to energize.
An embodiment of the invention are the methods on the stratum that penetrated by pit shaft with acid treatment, comprise and inject diversion agent system and the acid that viscoplasticity is energized.Randomly, these steps can alternately repeat.Usually, the stratum is a carbonatite, and perhaps carbonate content is greater than the sandstone formation of about 10 weight %.Acid can be foaming, gelling, emulsification or slow, and can contain mutual solvent.Acid can be hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, formic acid, acetate, citric acid, glycolic, malonic acid, tartaric acid or its mixture.Randomly, this acid can comprise salt, the salt of polyamino polycarboxylic acids, the ester of mono amino polycarboxylic acids, the ester of polyamino polycarboxylic acids, its mixture of mono amino polycarboxylic acids, polyamino polycarboxylic acids, mono amino polycarboxylic acids; Perhaps its be selected from the mixture of following acid: hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, formic acid, acetate, citric acid, glycolic, malonic acid, tartaric acid or its mixture.The diversion agent system that viscoplasticity is energized is to use one or more the gas foaming of mixture that is selected from nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, natural gas or these gas, the optional surfactant foaming agent that uses; The diversion agent system blown with carbon dioxide that preferred viscoplasticity is energized.The diversion agent system that viscoplasticity is energized contains the viscoelastic surfactant with following structure:
In the formula, R
1Be to can be alkyl side chain or straight chain, aromatics, aliphatic series or olefinic, and have about 14, and can contain amine to about 26 carbon atoms; R
2For hydrogen or have 1 alkyl to about 4 carbon atoms; R
3For having 1 alkyl to about 5 carbon atoms; And Y is an electron withdraw group.Preferably, electron withdraw group is quaternary amine or amine oxide.More preferably, surfactant is the betaine (betaine) with following structure:
R is an alkyl in the formula, and it can be side chain or straight chain, aromatics, aliphatic series or olefinic and contain and have an appointment 14 to about 26 carbon atoms, and can contain amine; N=about 2 to about 4; And p=1 is to about 5 and the mixture of these compounds.Most preferably, surfactant is a betaine, and R is C in the formula
17H
33Or C
21H
41, and n=3 and p=1.
Another embodiment is a method of handling the subsurface formations that is penetrated by pit shaft, comprises the step of the diversion agent system that injection first acid and injection viscoplasticity are energized, and the diversion agent system that this viscoplasticity is energized comprises viscoelastic surfactant, second acid and gas.Described gas can inject along oil pipe (tubing), and the diversion agent system that second acid and viscoplasticity are energized can pump in succession by the annulus between oil pipe and the sleeve pipe (annulus).Perhaps described gas injects by the annulus between oil pipe and the sleeve pipe, and the second diversion agent system sour and that viscoplasticity is energized pumps in succession along oil pipe.Oil pipe can be a flexible pipe, and it can move in the pit shaft during handling.Annulus between oil pipe and the sleeve pipe is injected or injected together to perhaps energize gas and viscoplasticity diversion agent and acid can be together along oil pipe.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has shown the relation of the processing of processing pressure of the present invention and injection with the processing fluid volume.
The processing that Fig. 2 has shown processing pressure and injection is with the relation of handling fluid volume, and this handling of fluids has and do not meet diversion agent of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
With foaming or the material of gelling relative (they when placing, hinder mobile immediately and turn to), certainly the ability that turns to of acid system (for example viscoplasticity diversion agent system) increases owing to the original position (in situ) of acid volume increase process medium viscosity, and the efficient that turns to and validity depend on the size that viscosity changes.In addition, increase the yield stress of fluid, the yield stress that for example increases foam has demonstrated can increase fluid at porous media, in oil pipe and the flow resistance in annulus.
We have found that a kind of forward method, this method not only produces foam and viscoplasticity turns to the various peculiar properties of system certainly, and has produced synergy, and synergy has improved some advantage result who is difficult to predict.Turn to the method for acidity or reactive matrix treatment fluid or fracturing fluid to use the gas (energized gas) of energizing,, turn to fluid thereby prepare so that the acidic fluid that contains viscoelastic surfactant systems is energized and/or foamed.The fluid that we will use in embodiments of the present invention is called " the diversion agent system (viscoelastic energized diverter system) that viscoplasticity is energized " or " VED system ".The VED system is a foamed fluids, continuous mutual-assistance water-based wherein, and contain viscoelastic surfactant and acid, and when aerated fluid foam, the viscosity of water is similar to water or approaching watery, if but acid reaction, then viscosity increase.
Although we have used in this manual and will use term " foam ", should be appreciated that energized fluids is not to be necessary for gas under the condition of preparation or use " foam ".For example, energized fluids can be carbon dioxide and can be in its critical-temperature supreme or its critical pressure or critical-temperature and critical pressure supreme, so it can be gas, liquid or supercritical fluid.[strictly speaking, when the particle of any kind (for example solid, liquid, supercritical fluid or gas) was dispersed in continuous or foreign minister's (perhaps state) of different compositions, system was a dispersion.A kind of dispersion of foam, wherein the major part (volume) of the phase of bubble form (inner, dispersion or discontinuous phase) is dispersed in liquid, solid or the gel, and bubble is separated from each other by the thin layer (1amellae) of the continuous phase between them.Therefore in these systems, if gas is cohesion or postcritical, this fluid will more suitably be called dispersion, but we use more conventional oil field term that this fluid is called " foam ", are called " gas " for decentralized photo].If decentralized photo be condensed phase (condensed phase) or for reduce when pressure or when temperature increases dilatable gas, claim that fluid is " energizing ", and for example so the mobile driving force of increase.When fluid contains 52% decentralized photo of having an appointment (below this, bubble can not all contact with each other) to about 96 volume % decentralized photos when (being called mist more than this), the so-called foam of fluid.When it contained less than about 52% decentralized photo, this fluid can be called " energizing " in the field, oil field; In the field, oil field, energized fluids contains the decentralized photo at least about 10% usually.As containing enough " gas " thus have decentralized photo and continuous phase and therefore have the viscosity of remarkable increase and the energized fluids of flow resistance, foam can turn to, favourable but even the fluid that does not turn to remains, this is to reflux and cleaning because they can strengthen.
The blowing agent that is used for the VED system preferably can form the surfactant of VDA fluid system, and it is to keep low viscosity in the acidic fluid when being dispersed in, but exhausts the surfactant that produces viscoelastic gel in the process or afterwards in acid.That is to say that described surfactant is generally used for forming VDA system and foam.Yet, in the scope of embodiments of the present invention,, use surfactant mixtures in order to obtain to foam and the desirable combination of VDA system effect.They all can be to form the surfactant of VDA system or one or more only are blowing agent (foam former)." blowing promotor " or " cosurfactant " can be added in the fluid,, particularly work as at higher temperature with than the stability under the high salinity to strengthen the stability of foam.The example of this foam stability auxiliary agent is the surfactant and the alpha-olefin surfactant of ethoxylation; These materials are known for those of ordinary skills.(be not limited to theory, but think that the stability of VED system is higher than the stability of the similar foam that does not use the VES system in the fluid and prepare, this is because constitute the viscosity height of continuous foreign minister's aqueous fluids).Use the character of the fluid of surfactant mixture preparation to be easy to determine by simple laboratory test, provide all required fluid properties and performances with the combination that guarantees surfactant, and adapt, and do not bring any unfavorable character or behavior with the target purposes.
The interior of foaming VED fluid system is gas, condensed gas or supercritical fluid (all are called gas with them in this article) mutually.Preferred gas is nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, natural gas, perhaps the mixture of one or more in these gases.Carbon dioxide is most preferred gas, particularly in low pressure well.The foreign minister of foaming VED fluid system preferably is applicable to the acidic fluid of volume increase oily reservoir.According to known principle, the compatibility of the byproduct of reaction of other material of compatibility, acid and sour and the existence of other material that contact with fluid based on the type of rock stratum and pollutant thereof, acid and other component of fluid, and the concrete acid of the others of operation (for example temperature and charge velocity) selection.Yet the type of acid and the selection of concentration depend on especially that also the VED system forms the ability of foam and carry out the ability that proper viscosity increases when exhausting acid.Preferably, acid is hydrochloric acid.
The percentage volume of carbon dioxide (" amount ") is preferably the about 90 volume % gases (or supercritical fluid) of about 30-in the fluid.Usually, foam volume is big more, turns to efficient big more.The best foam volume that produces best turning to property depends on the type of fluid as interior phase (agent of energizing), the temperature and pressure of application, flow velocity and the flow velocity of volume increase acid and the porosity of rock stratum of VED system.Even the amount of being somebody's turn to do is low, the advantage from the fluid of energizing is arranged still.In fact, energized fluids can have the viscosity lower than aerated fluid, the cleaning after causing the fluid system backflow that strengthens and therefore strengthening processing.The cleaning of this enhancing causes formation treated to have higher reservation permeability, thereby obtains bigger output from the processing stratum of oily.
The non-limiting example of the surfactant that is suitable in preparation viscoelastic surfactant gels system, VDA system and VED system can see United States Patent (USP) 6482866,6435277 and U.S. Patent application 2002/0023752, all these are hereby incorporated by, and all these has transferred assignee of the present invention.These materials (surfactant in the acid) are called " viscoplasticity turns to acid system (viscoelastic diverting acid system) " or " VDA system ".They also can contain the additive of cosurfactant, salt, low-molecular-weight alcohol, particularly methyl alcohol and other enhancing viscosity and stability, described in above-mentioned list of references.In addition, because they are the acid that contacts with metal component in the well, they should contain corrosion inhibitor; They also can contain other suitable oilfield fluid additive, for example iron control additives (iron controlling additive), antioxidant, anti-silt agent, high temperature inhibitor, non-emulsifier, intercalating agent and scale preventative.Should detect the compatibility and the applicability of additive, as described below.Although they are actually low viscosity material when injecting, and gelling when acid exhausts, the so-called gel of this material during injection.(if differently prepare other component, if particularly do not comprise strong acid, identical surfactant is initially in the fluid of gel in the time of can being configured to and mixing on the surface).Viscoelastic surfactant gels system (for example VDA system) has been considered to that acid volume increase (matrix acidizing) turns to one of fluid with the best and and think can be at fracturing yield increasing time control relieving haperacidity pit holeization and etching carbonate strata (acid fracturing splits or fracture acidizing).
Preferred surfactants has following amide structure:
In the formula, R
1Be to can be alkyl side chain or straight chain, aromatics, aliphatic series or olefinic, and have about 14, and can contain amine to about 26 carbon atoms; R
2For hydrogen or have 1 alkyl to about 4 carbon atoms; R
3For having 1 alkyl to about 5 carbon atoms; And Y is an electron withdraw group.Preferred electron withdraw group is quaternary amine or amine oxide.More preferably this surfactant is the interior amine salt with following structure:
In the formula, R can be alkyl side chain or straight chain, aromatics, aliphatic series or olefinic, and has about 14 to about 26 carbon atoms, and can contain amine; N is about 2 to about 14; And p is 1 to about 5 and the mixture of these compounds.Most preferably, surfactant is a betaine, and wherein R is C
17H
33Perhaps C
21H
41, and n=3 and P=1, these are called BET-O-30 and BET-E-40 respectively.
Have been found that non-limiting example BET-O-30 and BET-E-40 zwitterionic surfactant are specially adapted to form the VDA system.Specify BET-O-30, this is because when (New Jersey is in the time of U.S.A.), because it contains the oleic acid ester group and (comprises C for Rhodia, Inc.Cranbury available from supplier
17H
33End group (tailgroup)) and contain 30% active surfactant of having an appointment; Remaining is essentially water, small amount of sodium chloride and isopropyl alcohol, so it is called as Mirataine BET-O-30.Similar material, BET-E-40 is also available from Rhodia and contain erucic acid ester group (erucic acid ester group) and (comprise C
2iH
41And remaining also is water, small amount of sodium chloride and isopropyl alcohol basically end group) and 40% active component.Provide surfactant and pure and mild dihydroxylic alcohols with this form, assisting, and it is remained monophasic fluid under the low temperature in the solvation of these high concentration soffit activating agents in water.In using at the scene, after the dilution, the amount of other component of (as-received) material of former state is unimportant.BET surfactant and other are described in the United States Patent (USP) 6482866.
Foam is from turning to fluid to improve turning to/yield-increasing efficiency in the reservoir that for example height fracture reservoir, the multilayer reservoir that permeability contrast is high, thick reservoir and inclination or horizontal well penetrate.Increase turns to efficient to make can use more a spot of fluid that turns to.In addition, turning to gel certainly is the foreign minister, and it is dispersed in around the bubble that forms interior phase.Therefore because system has foaming structure, the surface area of gel phase sharply increases.This makes the oil gas of cementitious material and production or more effective with contacting of the solvent mutual solvent or the diesel oil of prepad fluid (for example from).Thereby destroy the viscosity that the VDA system strengthens by destroying micella with contacting of multiple other fluid.Aqueous fluids is by destroying micella by the ionic strength that changes water under dilution table surface-active agent or some situation.Hydrocarbon fluids also destroys micella by destroying micellar structure.In fact can inject such as but not limited to the material of mutual solvent (such as but not limited to glycols, for example ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), make them will contact the VDA system and destroy this system at reasonable time.For example, can before injecting the VDA system, inject mutual solvent, so that mutual solvent can destroy the VDA system during refluxing.The destruction of micella has sharply been reduced the viscosity of VDA system, and the zone that makes fluid flow into then to block in advance also significantly strengthens the pit shaft cleaning, and particularly meaning for the well cleaning only needs low pressure, causes simplifying the operation and reducing cleaning cost.And, be foam because turn to fluid, its fluid than not foaming is thin, and is therefore little to the hydrostatic head contribution during cleaning.Lower hydrostatic head has all promoted cleaning with energizing.
Can with the main acidizer (" acidic fluid ") of VED system interchange can be for being generally used for one of various oil field acid that matrix stimulation and acid fracturing split, condition is that they are compatible with the VED system.These acid comprise the acid (gelled acid), retarded acid (retarded acid) of conventional acid or gelling, acid (delayed acid) or the emulsified acid (emulsified acid) that postpones.They must comprise corrosion inhibitor usually.The acid of gelling is usually with polymer (for example xanthans, N, N-two (2-ethoxy) tallow amine acetic acid esters and acrylamide polymer and copolymer) gelling.Usually at the inside of water-in-oil emulsion aqueous phase, wherein oil is generally diesel oil and/or kerosene to emulsified acid, and emulsifier can be tall oil acid diglycollic amide or cocounut oil alkylamine and acetic acid esters or the like.Acid also can for by encapsulate, by chemical reaction, by use acid precursors, by using in time and/or the buffer of variations in temperature postpones or resistanceization.All these methods are well known in the art.The typical concrete acid constituents of these acidic fluids comprises hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, formic acid, acetate, citric acid, glycolic, malonic acid, tartaric acid and their mixture.It is suitable to select acidic fluid to make with the reaction rate and the degree of formation rock matrix.The most general acid concentration is 5%, 15%, 20% and 28% for hydrochloric acid for example.
Also can use other matrix rock dissolved material, and be called " acidic fluid " or " acid " for the purposes of the present invention.These materials are for example intercalating agent, for example amino carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acids, polyaminocarboxylic acid and polyamino polycarboxylic acids, ester or salt.These mix with inorganic acid (for example hydrochloric acid) usually.Some of these matrix dissolution materials is knownly under given conditions VDA system or VED system to be had adverse effect, depends on type and concentration and the matrix dissolution type of material and the concentration of temperature, employed required time, surfactant.Therefore, but these materials, or in fact any additives joins in the VDA fluid system, perhaps together use with the VDA fluid system, must test with guarantee they can be by making VDA system premature gelation but acid make the not gelling of VDA system when exhausting, make VDA system after the gelling the viscosity deficiency, make the yield stress of VED system not enough or reduce the probable life of VED system by the stability that reduces foam or micella, and adverse effect VDA system or VED system.This test for additive compatibility and applicability is generally used for the fluid that in-situ processing is used.
If guarantee that it is desirable or necessary that VED system and/or VDA system and acidic fluid do not interact, because for example they will form precipitation or a kind of in them will destroy another kind, comprise that in the scope of embodiment of the present invention insulating liquid between the system is with separated from one another.The non-limiting example of this insulating liquid is salt solution and the fluid that contains polymer.If being a kind of component, only unfavorable interaction destroys another kind of component, but do not destroy for the stratum, can relate to this operation so that there be the enough excessive of one or both fluids, so that but one or both some fluid loss when destroy taking place, but also have sufficient surplus, so operation can be carried out as required.
The most normally, at first injecting " acid ", inject the VED system then, is another acid phase then.Very at large, this is followed by the one or more extra order of diversion agent and acid.In conjunction with main pickling agent and diversion agent, it also is general using prepad fluid, insulating liquid, mutual solvent, overflush fluid and other fluid in acid treatment.If unfavorable interaction can take place, fluid of the fluid that these different fluid are used to prevent to inject, the fluid byproducts of injection or product, connate fluid, production or the like contacts with each other.Mutual solvent also can be used to destroy the viscoelastic surfactant gels system.Non-limiting example is an ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.In the extra stage of embodiments of the present invention, use in the scope of these extra fluids in embodiment of the present invention and be known for those skilled in the art.Equally, additive must be tested applicability and compatibility.At this moment, possible contact or the order by merging of fluid also should be tested in the laboratory in successive stages, as one skilled in the art will recognize that, obtains required result and unwanted reaction/interaction do not occur guaranteeing.
Although energizing of convection cell (for example acid) carried out in low pressure well usually, so that during refluxing, increase unfavorable low flow velocity, make by the synergy that uses foam VDA system to obtain as diversion agent and more to use energized fluids to have more attraction under the high pressure, this is because they can improve and turn to and clean.
Can make up and finish (completion) well by any method that use this area.For example, pit shaft can be perforate or cased, and perhaps it can be single or multiple completion.Can use and be used to energize or any conventional nozzle and the completion or the volume increase Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) (bottom holeassembly) of foamed fluids.Design in a usual manner and handle, use commercially available Treatment Design, execution and evaluation software and commercially available oil field equipment usually.Energized fluids (gas) is mixed in the down-hole with the VDA system usually, rather than mixes from the teeth outwards, and this is because gained VED system has bigger friction pressure than independent fluid, so the VED system can require bigger water horse power to inject.(in slim hole (slim hole), but when using coiled tubing and in very dark well friction pressure to be minimized be important).Yet, can be as required on the surface or near surface mix.Usually, the fluid with low friction pressure preferably injects along annulus, and this annulus has bigger surface area.The injection of energized fluids (gas) is carried out between operational period usually continuously, but can omit in any phase process, and condition is to mix with energized fluids at least one stage in VDA system stage, forms the VED system.In addition, the amount of gas can be included in the VDA and/or the acid system of injection, so that reduce their friction pressure.How the given selection that the skilled person will understand for fluid and well structure most when configuration and pumping liquid, emulsion, foam and energized fluids makes friction pressure minimize.
Also can use other measure to cover, particularly in very long reservoir interval to improve the zone.For example, oil pipe (coiled tubing or completion oil pipe) can be bored a hole with interval mode, injects fluid distribution to improve.As another example, can use one or more mechanical isolators, to isolate one or more parts in the long zone that will handle, so that can handle with stage manner.The example of mechanical isolators is dish-type instrument (cup tools) and packer, and these isolators can be used singly or in combination.For example, 3000 meters pit shaft of earth penetrating can pass through packer, dish-type instrument or both isolates with 300 meters interval, thereby makes operation be divided into 10 stages.Can unite with mechanical isolators and use the perforation oil pipe.
Embodiments of the present invention have been described at the well of produce hydrocarbons.Yet embodiments of the present invention can also be applied to water injection well (for example being used for storing, disposing or strengthen producing) or be used for the producing well of gas products (for example water, helium or carbon dioxide).
Embodiment 1
Determine the result of foaming VDA fluid system.Make water-based VDA fluid system according to U.S. Patent application 2002/01327541, contain HCl and BET-E-40 (from Rhodia.Inc.Cranbury.New Jersey, U.S.A, betaine surfactants, contain the erucic acid ester group and (comprise C
21H
41End group) and 40% active component, surplus is for being essentially water, small amount of sodium chloride and isopropyl alcohol).The VDA system is composed as follows:
15% (volume) hydrochloric acid, per 1000 liters contain
6 liters of corrosion inhibitors
50 liters of BET-E-40
0.6 kilogram iron reducing agent (iron reducing agent)
5 liters of iron intercalating agents
2 liters of anti emulsifiers
10 liters of methyl alcohol
Under room temperature and atmospheric pressure, in Fann35, measure the viscosity of this fluid, find that viscosity is about 5cP.With air the part material is foamed then; Increase estimation by volume, this foam contains the air of about 10 volume %.Under room temperature and atmospheric pressure, in Fann35, measure the viscosity of this foam, find that viscosity is about 50cP.(this is the laboratory test of carrying out under atmospheric temperature and pressure, and foam " amount " (the volume % gas in the foam) is less than the diversion agent fluid that uses in the embodiment of the present invention.This is not the foam volume that embodiment of the present invention is preferably used, but the foam volume that can in the laboratory, prepare, to prove the effect of the fluid acquisition of using embodiment of the present invention.Obviously, the VDA system can foam, and with manufacturing VED system, and the VED system has the viscosity more much higher than VDA system.
Embodiment 2
Use acid, the VDA of gelling to split field trial from turning to acid system and carbon dioxide to carry out acid fracturing.Job design is shown in following table.
Table 1:
| Stage # | Type | Fluid | Stage liquid volume (L) | CO 2Volume (L) | Time in stage (min) |
| 1 | Prepad fluid | 1.2g/L guar gum | 75700 | 50500 | 11.3 |
| 2 | Acid | MS GA | 30300 | 20200 | 4.5 |
| 3 | Diversion agent | VDA | 37900 | 25200 | 5.7 |
| 4 | Acid | Reg GA | 56800 | 37900 | 8.5 |
| 5 | Acid | MS GA | 30300 | 20200 | 4.5 |
| 6 | Diversion agent | VDA | 37900 | 25200 | 5.7 |
| 7 | Acid | Reg GA | 56800 | 37900 | 8.5 |
| 8 | Acid | MS GA | 30300 | 20200 | 4.5 |
| 9 | Diversion agent | VDA | 37900 | 25200 | 5.7 |
| 10 | Acid | Reg GA | 56800 | 37900 | 8.5 |
| 11 | Acid | MS GA | 30300 | 20200 | 4.5 |
| 12 | Diversion agent | VDA | 37900 | 25200 | 5.7 |
| 13 | Acid | MS GA | 30300 | 20200 | 4.5 |
| 14 | Acid | Reg GA | 56800 | 37900 | 8.5 |
| 15 | After | 4.8g/L guar gum | 56800 | 37900 | 8.5 |
| 16 | Flushing fluid | 4.8g/L guar gum | 56800 | 37900 | 8.5 |
| Always | 719300 | 479500 | 107.7 |
Moisture melon glue prepad fluid with 1.2g/L begins operation, then be the main processing acid that contains the gelling of mutual solvent, then be VDA diversion agent system (it becomes the VED system with carbon dioxide mix the time), then be the main processing acid of conventional (regular) gelling, then being the main processing acid that contains the gelling of mutual solvent, then is the extra order that is specified in table 1.Each of acid and diversion agent stage contains 15 volume % hydrochloric acids.Attention is in last order, and the main processing acid of first gelling contains mutual solvent, and the main processing acid of second gelling does not contain mutual solvent.Finish processing with after (overflush) and flushing fluid.
The composition of used real fluid sees Table 2:
Table 2:
Reg GA 15% conventional gelling hydrochloric acid, per 1000 liters contain:
3 liters of corrosion inhibitors
4 liters of surfactants (wetting modifier)
2 liters of anti emulsifiers
0.6 kilogram iron reducing agent
5 liters of intercalating agents
5 liters of sour gelling agents
MS GA 15% has the gelling hydrochloric acid of mutual solvent, and per 1000 liters contain:
3 liters of corrosion inhibitors
4 liters of surfactants (wetting modifier)
2 liters of anti emulsifiers
0.6 kilogram iron reducing agent
5 liters of intercalating agents
5 liters of sour gelling agents
50 liters of mutual solvents
VDA 15%VDA hydrochloric acid, per 1000 liters contain:
6 liters of corrosion inhibitors
50 liters of BET-4-40
0.6 kilogram iron reducing agent
2 liters of anti emulsifiers
1 liter of methyl alcohol
Prepad fluid and flushing fluid:
Prepad fluid (1.2g/L melon glue), per 1000 liters contain:
2.3 rise slurry melon glue gel
4.5 gram biocide
0.0125 rise enzyme breaker
4 liters of surfactants (wetting modifier)
Flushing fluid (4.8g/L melon glue), per 1000 liters contain:
9.2 rise slurry melon glue gel
4.5 gram biocide
0.0125 rise enzyme breaker
4 liters of surfactants (wetting modifier)
With the downward pumping of liquid CO 2 by oil pipe to about 3650 meters dark opening horizontal wellbores; The acid of prepad fluid, gelling, VDA from turn to acid system and flushing fluid in succession pumping by the annulus between oil pipe and the sleeve pipe.Produce " foam " of about 40% amount in the down-hole, its maintenance is spreaded all over prepad fluid, acid and turns to the stage and flushing fluid.At this moment, oil pipe is straight pipe (dead string), and oil pipe and sleeve pipe are ended at the section start of opening horizontal component.Formation temperature is about 93 ℃.
Therefore handle the main stimulation fluid of acid conduct that relates to pumping gelling in 4 stages and turn to acid system (VDA in the table) certainly, cover with the complete zone of realizing 1220 meters horizontal wellbores as diversion agent.Contact with the position of the carbon dioxide of down-hole in the VDA system, form the VED system.Fig. 1 shows is relation between the volume (kL) of this liquid (acid of gelling or VDA system) processing pressure (MPa) (arriving in surface observation in processing procedure) and pumping.Constant flow rate with about 6.68kL/min injects this liquid; Along with this liquid changes between the acid of gelling and VDA system back and forth, pressure is owing to turn to when changing, and the carbon dioxide charge velocity is in the about 4.45kL/min of targeted rate varied slightly on every side, and is almost constant with the maintenance gross pressure.
As can be as seen from Figure 1, foam be from the pressure variation abnormality height that turns to acid to cause during increasing production.The pressure that second stage produces from about 15.9MPa to about 31.0MPa changes, unforeseeable significantly increase (greater than the 15MPa) of this representative.The remarkable increase of processing pressure and remarkable reduction have afterwards shown after the gelling of VED system, there is very big flow resistance, and when the injection fluid is sour from the VED system change to main processing, main processing acid is easy to enter the stratum, so it must be followed new route and enter the previous not subterranean formation zone of contact.Ensuing stage shows and repeats to obtain this result, show inject main handle acid and then the order of VED diversion agent system can repeat, the zone covers until obtaining fully.Without being limited by theory, but think that the remarkable increase of processing pressure can not only be explained by the increase of foam liquid phase viscosity, extra increase is because the result that the yield pressure of foam increases.
Embodiment 3
The acid fracturing that turns to certainly in not foaming splits in the processing, has observed littler pressure and has changed.Use emulsified acid (" SXE " in the table) and VDA from turning to acid system (" VDA " in the table) to carry out field trial and not energizing.Job design sees table 3:
| Stage # | Fluid | Stage liquid volume (liter) |
| 1 | 1.2g/L melon glue | 5691 |
| 2 | 20% acid | 9459 |
| 3 | VDA | 22717 |
| 4 | SXE | 37867 |
| 5 | 1.2g/L melon glue | 11335 |
| 6 | VDA | 22749 |
| 7 | SXE | 45402 |
| 8 | 1.2g/L melon glue | 26580 |
| 9 | VDA | 22701 |
| 10 | SXE | 37867 |
| 11 | 1.2g/L melon glue | 11335 |
| 12 | VDA | 22733 |
| 13 | SXE | 45402 |
| 14 | 1.2g/L melon glue | 26643 |
| 15 | VDA | 22669 |
| 16 | SXE | 37851 |
| 17 | 1.2g/L melon glue | 11366 |
| 18 | VDA | 22701 |
| 19 | SXE | 45465 |
| 20 | 1.2g/L melon glue | 26564 |
| 21 | VDA | 22733 |
| 22 | SXE | 37819 |
| 23 | 1.2g/L melon glue | 11398 |
| 24 | VDA | 22669 |
| 25 | SXE | 45434 |
| 26 | 1.2g/L melon glue | 26564 |
| 27 | VDA | 22701 |
| 28 | SXE | 37867 |
| 29 | 1.2g/L melon glue | 13830 |
| 30 | VDA | 25817 |
| 31 | SXE | 56021 |
| 32 | 1.2g/L melon glue | 89659 |
| Amount to | 927606 |
Moisture melon glue prepad fluid with 1.2g/L begins operation, then be polishing acid (slick acid), it then is VDA diversion agent system, it then is the main processing acid phase of emulsification, it then is the moisture melon glue stage of 1.2g/L, then being VDA diversion agent system's stage, then is the main processing acid phase of emulsification, then is the extra order that is specified in table 3.Each of acid and diversion agent stage contain water section contain about 20 volume % hydrochloric acids (so that melon glue and VDA system stage contain 20% acid of having an appointment, but the main processing acid phase of emulsification is breathed out about 14% acid of weedinging, based on whole liquid (water+oil phase)).Finish processing with after then.Every kind of fluid contains field, oil field other additive of common trace.
The composition of used real fluid sees Table 4.
Table 4:
1.2g/L per 1054 liters of melon glue:
2.25 liters in the melon glue of slurryization
Microbicide 0.017g
Gel breaker 0.012g
2.00 liters of anti emulsifiers
50 liters of mutual solvents
Per 1010 liters of polishing acid:
1000 liters of 20%HCl
2.00 liters of acid gelling agents
1.00 liters of corrosion inhibitors
2.00 liters of anti emulsifiers
Suppress auxiliary agent 0.24g
5.00 liters of reducing agents
Per 1022 liters of SXE:
2.00 liters of corrosion inhibitors
00.00 liter of 20%HCl
10.00 liters of emulsifier
300.00 liters of diesel oil
10.00 liters of intercalating agents
Per 1074 liters of VDA:
1000 liters of 20%HCl
50.00 liters of former state BET-E-40
2.00 liters in high temperature inhibitor
2.00 liters of anti emulsifiers
10.00 liters of intercalating agents
10.00 liters of methyl alcohol
Under the condition of the processing pressure of about 50MPa, about 88 ℃ temperature and the average about 3.5KL/min of charge velocity, with the working solution pumping by about 100 meters perforation sleeve pipe stratum at about 3475 meters extremely of level almost.Therefore handle and relate in 10 stages pumpable emulsion acid as main stimulation fluid with turn to acid system (VDA) certainly as diversion agent.
Fig. 2 shows is relation between the volume (kL) of liquid (prepad fluid, emulsified acid or VDA system) processing pressure (MPa) (arriving in surface observation in processing procedure) and pumping.During increasing production, change more not much lower from the pressure that turns to acid to cause as can be seen from Figure 2 than the method for the present invention that in Fig. 1, shows by foaming.Operation is successful, but needs 10 stages to cover to obtain the zone, and changes little by the pressure that some stages obtain.
Claims (11)
1. the method for the subsurface formations that is penetrated by pit shaft with first acid treatment may further comprise the steps:
A. inject the diversion agent system that viscoplasticity is energized, this system contains viscoelastic surfactant, second acid and gas; With
B. inject first acid.
2. the process of claim 1 wherein and alternately repeat described two steps.
3. claim 1 or 2 method, wherein this acid comprises gas.
4. each method in the aforementioned claim, wherein this acid is the acid of gelling, the acid that contains the gelling of mutual solvent, emulsified acid or retarded acid.
5. each method in the aforementioned claim, wherein this acid is hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, formic acid, acetate, citric acid, glycolic, malonic acid, tartaric acid or its mixture; Perhaps this acid is the salt of mono amino polycarboxylic acids, polyamino polycarboxylic acids, mono amino polycarboxylic acids, the salt of polyamino polycarboxylic acids, the ester of mono amino polycarboxylic acids, ester or its mixture of polyamino polycarboxylic acids; Perhaps this acid is the mixture of itself and following one or more: hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, formic acid, acetate, citric acid, glycolic, malonic acid, tartaric acid or its mixture.
6. each method in the aforementioned claim, wherein the viscoplasticity diversion agent system of energizing comprises and is selected from nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, natural gas or one or more the gas of mixture in them.
7. each method in the aforementioned claim, wherein the viscoplasticity diversion agent system of energizing comprises the viscoelastic surfactant with following formula:
In the formula, R
1Be to can be alkyl side chain or straight chain, aromatics, aliphatic series or olefinic, and have about 14, and can contain amine to about 26 carbon atoms; R
2For hydrogen or have 1 alkyl to about 4 carbon atoms; R
3For having 1 alkyl to about 5 carbon atoms; And Y is electron withdraw group, and preferably wherein electron withdraw group is quaternary amine or amine oxide.
8. the method for claim 7, wherein surfactant is the betaine with following structure, and the mixture of these compounds:
In the formula, R can be alkyl side chain or straight chain, aromatics, aliphatic series or olefinic, and has about 14 to about 26 carbon atoms, and can contain amine; N is about 2 to about 4; And p is 1 to about 5; Preferred R=C wherein
17H
33, n=3, p=1; And R=C most preferably
21H
41, n=3, p=1.
9. each method in the aforementioned claim, one or two step in the described step is carried out on the frac pressure on stratum.
10. each method in the aforementioned claim, wherein said gas injects along oil pipe, and the diversion agent system that second acid and viscoplasticity are energized pumps in succession by the annulus between oil pipe and the sleeve pipe; Perhaps wherein said gas injects by the annulus between oil pipe and the sleeve pipe, and the second diversion agent system sour and that viscoplasticity is energized pumps in succession along oil pipe.
11. the method for claim 10, wherein said oil pipe are coiled tubing or described oil pipe is perforation.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US48907903P | 2003-07-22 | 2003-07-22 | |
| US60/489,079 | 2003-07-22 | ||
| US10/649,055 | 2003-08-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110282979.2A Division CN102434140B (en) | 2003-07-22 | 2003-12-22 | Method for treating stratum penetrated by well bore by the first acid |
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|---|---|
| CN1836090A true CN1836090A (en) | 2006-09-20 |
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ID=37003309
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200380110399 Pending CN1836090A (en) | 2003-07-22 | 2003-12-22 | Self-diverting foamed system |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101353958B (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2012-05-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Acid fracturing process of oil gas well mining temperature control various mucic acid |
| CN102504799A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-06-20 | 西南石油大学 | Acidification diverter composition |
| CN102851018A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-01-02 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Recyclable surfactant fracturing fluid and reutilization method |
| CN102851017A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2013-01-02 | 四川西普化工股份有限公司 | Viscous-elastic clean fracturing fluid containing erucic acid betaines |
| CN103541712A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for plug removal of triassic oil reservoir in nitrogen foam acidification mode |
| CN105814166A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2016-07-27 | 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 | Composition and method for treating subterranean formation |
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- 2003-12-22 CN CN 200380110399 patent/CN1836090A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101353958B (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2012-05-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Acid fracturing process of oil gas well mining temperature control various mucic acid |
| CN102504799A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-06-20 | 西南石油大学 | Acidification diverter composition |
| CN102504799B (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2014-04-09 | 西南石油大学 | Acidification diverter composition |
| CN103541712A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for plug removal of triassic oil reservoir in nitrogen foam acidification mode |
| CN103541712B (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2016-03-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of method of plug removal of triassic oil reservoir in nitrogen foam acidification mode |
| CN102851017A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2013-01-02 | 四川西普化工股份有限公司 | Viscous-elastic clean fracturing fluid containing erucic acid betaines |
| CN102851018A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-01-02 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Recyclable surfactant fracturing fluid and reutilization method |
| CN105814166A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2016-07-27 | 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 | Composition and method for treating subterranean formation |
| CN110591685A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-20 | 西安石油大学 | In-situ self-generated microfoam steering acidizing fluid, acidizing steering method and application |
| CN110591685B (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2022-05-10 | 西安石油大学 | In-situ self-generated microfoam steering acidizing fluid, acidizing steering method and application |
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