CN1830550A - Synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil - Google Patents

Synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil Download PDF

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CN1830550A
CN1830550A CNA200610034182XA CN200610034182A CN1830550A CN 1830550 A CN1830550 A CN 1830550A CN A200610034182X A CNA200610034182X A CN A200610034182XA CN 200610034182 A CN200610034182 A CN 200610034182A CN 1830550 A CN1830550 A CN 1830550A
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alkali metal
catalyst
synthesis reaction
loading type
oil
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CN100348314C (en
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杨乐夫
蔡俊修
蔡钒
张彬彬
林静
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Xiamen University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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Abstract

A carried alkali-metal catalyst for synthesizing biologic diesel oil by exchange reaction of the fatty-acid ester is prepared from alkali-metal salt (LiNO3, NaNO3, or KNO3) or alkali-metal hydroxide (LiOH, NaOH, or KOH) and alkali-earth metal oxide (Cao, SrO, or BaO) through preparing the salt (or alkali)-soluble aqueous solution of alkali-metal salt (or hydroxide), immersing alkali-earth metal oxide in it, ageing, evaporating solvent, baking and grinding.

Description

Synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of catalyst, especially relate to a kind of solid base catalyst that can carry out the ester exchange reaction biodiesel synthesis at the following catalysis fatty glyceride of methyl alcohol boiling point and methyl alcohol.
Background technology
Adopt the biomass materials such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, rice bran oil, the former oil expression of transgenosis oil plant crop, catering trade waste grease and industrial oil foot of wide material sources, carry out the fatty acid methyl ester that ester exchange reaction prepares with methyl alcohol, as the substitute fuel of mineral diesel, advantage such as have that power performance is good, safe in utilization, the pollutant emission index is low and resource is renewable.With respect to the acid catalysis system, the base-catalyzed transesterification reaction has the high and alcohol ester advantage lower than requiring of reaction specific activity, but in the technology with liquid base catalyzed transesterifications such as NaOH, sodium methoxides, the washing separation and purification link of complex steps has still increased running cost and Environmental costs inevitably; And in production of biodiesel with lipase-catalyzed esterification, existing reaction efficiency is low, catalyst costs an arm and a leg and methyl alcohol to enzyme catalyst poison problem such as effect, also limited the competitiveness of this method on practicability is promoted.By liquid base is carried out the immobilization transformation, can keep under the prerequisite of high activity of catalyst, simplify process procedure, (Min Enze, Chinese engineering science, 2005,7 (4): 1-4) reduce production costs.
In existing solid base type ester exchange catalyst design; the general base strength of all emphasizing load alkali center; and the ignorance metal ion is to the polarization activation of carbonyl; make and descend through the acyl acceptor of alkali center activation formation and the reaction efficiency of carbonyl carbon; under same transesterification conditions, the formation speed of fatty acid methyl ester will be subjected to restriction (Li Weimin, the chemical industry journal of this step; 2005,56 (4): 711-716).Because the restriction of acidylate speed, reaction needed obviously can cause adverse effect to equipment and production efficiency by improving the yield that temperature or time expand guarantee the biodiesel product.Mentioned solid base from the patent application (CN 200510037862.2) of disclosed solid base ester exchange catalyst; the activation of acyl group is only considered to utilize its alkalescence; adopted the strong but bigger alkali metal rubidium of radius of alkalescence; and also introduce the polarization center be complementary on the carrier, so catalytic performance can only rely on the highly basic center after the activation to guarantee.Yet ester exchange reaction will cause the forfeiture gradually of catalytic activity to its continuous passivation, shortens catalyst service life, and then influences the catalyst reuse.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is intended at above-mentioned problems of the prior art, provide a kind of can be under the reaction condition of gentleness, promote the exchange reaction of fatty acid ester efficiently to carry out, and technology is simple, the synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil that cost is low.
The composition of synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil of the present invention comprises alkali metal salt and alkaline earth oxide, or alkali metal hydroxide and alkaline earth oxide, the content of alkali metal salt or alkali metal hydroxide is 5%~40% of catalyst total amount by mass percentage, the content of alkaline earth oxide is 60%~95% of catalyst total amount, described alkali metal is Li, Na, at least a among the K; Described alkaline earth oxide is CaO, SrO, and at least a among the BaO, described alkali metal salt is LiNO 3, NaNO 3, KNO 3In at least a, described alkali metal hydroxide is LiOH, NaOH, at least a among the KOH.
The preparation method of synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil of the present invention is as follows:
The alkaline earth oxide carrier is immersed in the aqueous solution of alkali-soluble salt or solvable alkali by catalyst proportion, flood minimum 0.5h through stirring ageing, after being preferably 0.5~10h, the heating solvent evaporated, powder aggregates after the poly-powder oven dry of gained is ground less than 100 purpose powder, obtain synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil.The temperature of oven dry is 80~200 ℃, is preferably 90~120 ℃.
It is 3: 1~50: 1 material system that the ester exchange active testing has adopted methyl alcohol/vegetable oil mol ratio, in weight be the solid base catalyst of reactant 1%~5% in the mode that suspends at 1 atmospheric pressure, under 63 ± 2 ℃ the condition, reaction 0.5~6h, obtain product, form through the gas chromatographic analysis mixture, calculate the yield of fatty acid methyl ester.For preventing solid base catalyst because of surperficial saponification inactivation, reaction uses the acid value of feedstock oil must be controlled under the level of 3mg/g, as uses the higher waste grease of acid value to be raw material, need carry out depickling to raw material before reaction and handle.
The present invention introduces the basic supports surface with charge density higher alkali metal ion, promote two consecutive steps in the catalytic reaction simultaneously, realize quickening the purpose of ester exchange reaction, improve the ester exchange activity of solid base catalyst, this solid base catalyst can be under the reaction condition of gentleness (pressure<0.5MPa, temperature<80 ℃, acid value<3mg KOH/g), promote the exchange reaction of fatty acid ester efficiently to carry out, make the production of biodiesel efficient of solid base catalyst near liquid bases such as sodium methoxides.Ester exchange rate reaches about 90% (part catalyst ester interchange conversion rate reaches 99%), and product obtains satisfying 0 after separating purification #The fatty acid methyl ester of diesel oil main performance index, and by-product glycerol.And with the solid base particle of heterogeneous forms participation reaction, simple and easy to do with separating of biodiesel product, postprocessing working procedures obtains simplifying, and catalyst is also reusable, has reduced the running cost and the Environmental costs of production of biodiesel.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing LiNO 34.7467g, pour beaker into, be dissolved in the 50ml deionized water, get LiNO 3Solution.Take by weighing 9.55gCaO, pour in the solution.Behind the vigorous stirring 2h, place electric jacket to heat in beaker, be stirred to evaporate to dryness solution while evaporating.Place 100 ℃ of baking oven dried overnight at last.Powder aggregates after the oven dry grinds less than 100 purpose powder, obtains alkali metal support type catalyst for ester exchange reaction Li/CaO.
In the 250ml flask, add the dry soybean oil 60ml that handles, in water-bath, be preheated to about 65 ℃, add 15ml methyl alcohol, catalyst Li/CaO 1.1076g (oil heavy 2%) refluxes in 65 ℃ of stirred in water bath.Keep back flow reaction 3.5h afterreaction to finish, distill out unnecessary methyl alcohol, the reaction liquid phase is filtered while hot, isolates catalyst, then filtrate is poured into standing stay-over demixion in the separatory funnel.The upper strata product is a biodiesel, and lower floor is a byproduct glycerine.The fatty acid methyl ester of chromatogram detection of biological diesel oil is 99.0%.
Join among the dry soybean oil 60ml and 15ml methyl alcohol mixed material liquid that handles reclaiming catalyst, reflux in 65 ℃ of stirred in water bath again.Keep back flow reaction 3.5h afterreaction to finish, detect through chromatogram, fatty acid methyl ester is 93.2% in the bio-diesel layer.
Reference experiment: in the 250ml flask, add the dry soybean oil 60ml that handles, be preheated in water-bath about 65 ℃, add 15ml methyl alcohol, catalyst CaO 1.1162g (oil heavy 2%) refluxes in 65 ℃ of stirred in water bath.Keep back flow reaction 3h afterreaction to finish, distill out unnecessary methyl alcohol, the reaction liquid phase is filtered while hot, isolates catalyst, then filtrate is poured into standing stay-over demixion in the separatory funnel.The upper strata product is a biodiesel, and lower floor is a byproduct glycerine.The fatty acid methyl ester of chromatogram detection of biological diesel oil is 56%.
Embodiment 2
Take by weighing NaNO 36.0839g, pour beaker into, be dissolved in the 100ml deionized water, get NaNO 3Solution.Take by weighing 10.24gCaO, pour in the solution.Behind the vigorous stirring 2h, place electric jacket to heat in beaker, be stirred to evaporate to dryness solution while evaporating.Place 100 ℃ of baking oven dried overnight at last.Taking-up grinds less than 100 purpose powder.
In the 250ml flask, add the dry soybean oil 60ml that handles, in water-bath, be preheated to about 65 ℃, add 15ml methyl alcohol, catalyst n a/CaO 1.1074g (oil heavy 2%) refluxes in 65 ℃ of stirred in water bath.Keep back flow reaction 3h afterreaction to finish, distill out unnecessary methyl alcohol, the reaction liquid phase is filtered while hot, isolates catalyst, then filtrate is poured into standing stay-over demixion in the separatory funnel.The upper strata product is a biodiesel, and lower floor is a byproduct glycerine.The fatty acid methyl ester of chromatogram detection of biological diesel oil is 94.1%.
Embodiment 3
Take by weighing KNO 310.0922g, pour beaker into, be dissolved in the 100ml deionized water, get KNO 3Solution.Take by weighing 10.24gCaO, pour in the solution.Behind the vigorous stirring 2h, place electric jacket to heat in beaker, be stirred to evaporate to dryness solution while evaporating.Place 100 ℃ of baking oven dried overnight at last.Taking-up grinds less than 100 purpose powder.
In the 250ml flask, add the dry soybean oil 60ml that handles, in water-bath, be preheated to about 65 ℃, add 15ml methyl alcohol, catalyst K/CaO 1.1074g (oil heavy 2%) refluxes in 65 ℃ of stirred in water bath.Keep back flow reaction 4h afterreaction to finish, distill out unnecessary methyl alcohol, the reaction liquid phase is filtered while hot, isolates catalyst, then filtrate is poured into standing stay-over demixion in the separatory funnel.The upper strata product is a biodiesel, and lower floor is a byproduct glycerine.The fatty acid methyl ester of chromatogram detection of biological diesel oil is 87.1%.
Embodiment 4
Take by weighing LiNO 32.7735g, pour beaker into, be dissolved in the 100ml deionized water, get LiNO 3Solution.Take by weighing 10.24gCaO, pour in the solution.Behind the vigorous stirring 0.5h, place electric jacket to heat in beaker, be stirred to evaporate to dryness solution while evaporating.Place 100 ℃ of baking oven dried overnight at last.Taking-up grinds less than 100 purpose powder.
In the 250ml flask, add the dry soybean oil 60ml that handles, in water-bath, be preheated to about 65 ℃, add 15ml methyl alcohol, catalyst Li/CaO 1.1074g (oil heavy 2%) refluxes in 65 ℃ of stirred in water bath.Keep back flow reaction 3h afterreaction to finish, distill out unnecessary methyl alcohol, the reaction liquid phase is filtered while hot, isolates catalyst, then filtrate is poured into standing stay-over demixion in the separatory funnel.The upper strata product is a biodiesel, and lower floor is a byproduct glycerine.The fatty acid methyl ester of chromatogram detection of biological diesel oil is 90.3%.
Embodiment 5
Take by weighing LiNO 32.7735g, pour beaker into, be dissolved in the 100ml deionized water, get LiNO 3Solution.Take by weighing 22.14gSrO, pour in the solution.After stirring 5h, place electric jacket to heat in beaker, be stirred to evaporate to dryness solution while evaporating.Place 100 ℃ of baking oven dried overnight at last.Taking-up grinds less than 100 purpose powder.
In the 250ml flask, add the dry soybean oil 60ml that handles, in water-bath, be preheated to about 65 ℃, add 15ml methyl alcohol, catalyst Li/SrO 1.1074g (oil heavy 2%) refluxes in 65 ℃ of stirred in water bath.Keep back flow reaction 3h afterreaction to finish, distill out unnecessary methyl alcohol, the reaction liquid phase is filtered while hot, isolates catalyst, then filtrate is poured into standing stay-over demixion in the separatory funnel.The upper strata product is a biodiesel, and lower floor is a byproduct glycerine.The fatty acid methyl ester of chromatogram detection of biological diesel oil is 97.3%.
Embodiment 6
Take by weighing LiOH 1.2773g, pour beaker into, be dissolved in the 100ml deionized water, get LiOH solution.Take by weighing 22.14gSrO, pour in the solution.After stirring 10h, place electric jacket to heat in beaker, be stirred to evaporate to dryness solution while evaporating.Place 100 ℃ of dry 5h of baking oven at last.Taking-up grinds less than 100 purpose powder.
In the 250ml flask, add the dry soybean oil 60ml that handles, in water-bath, be preheated to about 65 ℃, add 15ml methyl alcohol, catalyst Li/SrO 1.1074g (oil heavy 2%) refluxes in 65 ℃ of stirred in water bath.Keep back flow reaction 3h afterreaction to finish, distill out unnecessary methyl alcohol, the reaction liquid phase is filtered while hot, isolates catalyst, then filtrate is poured into standing stay-over demixion in the separatory funnel.The upper strata product is a biodiesel, and lower floor is a byproduct glycerine.The fatty acid methyl ester of chromatogram detection of biological diesel oil is 90.7%.
Embodiment 7
Take by weighing LiNO 32.7735g, pour beaker into, be dissolved in the 100ml deionized water, get LiNO 3Solution.Take by weighing 22.14gBaO, pour in the solution.Behind the vigorous stirring 2h, place electric jacket to heat in beaker, be stirred to evaporate to dryness solution while evaporating.Place 100 ℃ of dry 10h of baking oven at last, taking-up grinds less than 100 purpose powder.
In the 250ml flask, add the dry soybean oil 60ml that handles, in water-bath, be preheated to about 65 ℃, add 15ml methyl alcohol, catalyst Li/BaO 1.1074g (oil heavy 2%) refluxes in 65 ℃ of stirred in water bath.Keep back flow reaction 3h afterreaction to finish, distill out unnecessary methyl alcohol, the reaction liquid phase is filtered while hot, isolates catalyst, then filtrate is poured into standing stay-over demixion in the separatory funnel.The upper strata product is a biodiesel, and lower floor is a byproduct glycerine.The fatty acid methyl ester of chromatogram detection of biological diesel oil is 95.4%.
Embodiment 8
Take by weighing LiNO 32.7735g, pour beaker into, be dissolved in the 100ml deionized water, get LiNO 3Solution.Take by weighing 22.14gCaO, pour in the solution.Behind the vigorous stirring 2h, place electric jacket to heat in beaker, be stirred to evaporate to dryness solution while evaporating.Place 100 ℃ of baking oven dried overnight at last.Taking-up grinds less than 100 purpose powder.
In the 250ml flask, add the dry soybean oil 60ml that handles, in water-bath, be preheated to about 65 ℃, add 15ml methyl alcohol, catalyst Li/CaO 1.1074g (oil heavy 2%) refluxes in 65 ℃ of stirred in water bath.Keep back flow reaction 1h afterreaction to finish, distill out unnecessary methyl alcohol, the reaction liquid phase is filtered while hot, isolates catalyst, then filtrate is poured into standing stay-over demixion in the separatory funnel.The upper strata product is a biodiesel, and lower floor is a byproduct glycerine.The fatty acid methyl ester of chromatogram detection of biological diesel oil is 90.3%.
Embodiment 9
Take by weighing LiNO 33.2104g, pour beaker into, be dissolved in the 100ml deionized water, get LiNO 3Solution.Take by weighing 22.14gCaO, pour in the solution.Behind the vigorous stirring 2h, place electric jacket to heat in beaker, be stirred to evaporate to dryness solution while evaporating.Place 100 ℃ of baking oven dried overnight at last.Taking-up grinds less than 100 purpose powder.
In the 250ml flask, the catering trade waste grease 60ml that depickling is handled is preheated in water-bath about 65 ℃, adds 60ml methyl alcohol, and catalyst Li/CaO 1.1074g (oil heavy 2%) refluxes in 65 ℃ of stirred in water bath.Keep back flow reaction 6h afterreaction to finish, distill out unnecessary methyl alcohol, the reaction liquid phase is filtered while hot, isolates catalyst, then filtrate is poured into standing stay-over demixion in the separatory funnel.The upper strata product is a biodiesel, and lower floor is a byproduct glycerine.The fatty acid methyl ester of chromatogram detection of biological diesel oil is 95.3%.
Embodiment 10
Take by weighing NaNO 34.2230g, pour beaker into, be dissolved in the 100ml deionized water, get NaNO 3Solution.Take by weighing 22.14gCaO, pour in the solution.Behind the vigorous stirring 2h, place electric jacket to heat in beaker, be stirred to evaporate to dryness solution while evaporating.Place 100 ℃ of baking oven dried overnight at last.Taking-up grinds less than 100 purpose powder.
In the 250ml flask, add the dry rapeseed oil 60ml that handles, in water-bath, be preheated to about 65 ℃, add 15ml methyl alcohol, catalyst n a/CaO 1.1074g (oil heavy 2%) refluxes in 65 ℃ of stirred in water bath.Keep back flow reaction 5h afterreaction to finish, distill out unnecessary methyl alcohol, the reaction liquid phase is filtered while hot, isolates catalyst, then filtrate is poured into standing stay-over demixion in the separatory funnel.The upper strata product is a biodiesel, and lower floor is a byproduct glycerine.The fatty acid methyl ester of chromatogram detection of biological diesel oil is 94.3%.

Claims (5)

1, synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil, it is characterized in that its composition comprises alkali metal salt and alkaline earth oxide, or alkali metal hydroxide and alkaline earth oxide, the content of alkali metal salt or alkali metal hydroxide is 5%~40% of catalyst total amount by mass percentage, the content of alkaline earth oxide is 60%~95% of catalyst total amount, described alkali metal is Li, Na, at least a among the K; Described alkaline earth oxide is CaO, SrO, and at least a among the BaO, described alkali metal salt is LiNO 3, NaNO 3, KNO 3In at least a, described alkali metal hydroxide is LiOH, NaOH, at least a among the KOH.
2, the preparation method of synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the alkaline earth oxide carrier being immersed in the aqueous solution of alkali-soluble salt or solvable alkali by catalyst proportion, after minimum 0.5h is flooded in the stirring ageing, the heating solvent evaporated, powder aggregates after the poly-powder oven dry of gained is ground less than 100 purpose powder, get target product.
3, the preparation method of synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that after stirring ageing dipping is 0.5~10h the heating solvent evaporated.
4, the preparation method of synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil as claimed in claim 2, the temperature that it is characterized in that described oven dry is 80~200 ℃.
5, the preparation method of synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil as claimed in claim 4, the temperature that it is characterized in that described oven dry is 90~120 ℃.
CNB200610034182XA 2006-03-10 2006-03-10 Synthesis reaction catalyst for loading type alkali metal biodiesel oil Expired - Fee Related CN100348314C (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105344344A (en) * 2015-09-30 2016-02-24 王立鹏 Modified-eggshell biodiesel oil catalyst, and preparation method and application of modified-eggshell biodiesel oil catalyst
CN105964298A (en) * 2016-05-18 2016-09-28 淮南泉润环保科技有限公司 Method for producing biological diesel oil catalyst
CN109776311A (en) * 2019-02-26 2019-05-21 江苏南大光电材料股份有限公司 The preparation method and device of 2- isopropyl -2- adamantanol (methyl) acrylate

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1317357C (en) * 2005-01-27 2007-05-23 清华大学 Solid alkali catalyst, preparation and use thereof

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105344344A (en) * 2015-09-30 2016-02-24 王立鹏 Modified-eggshell biodiesel oil catalyst, and preparation method and application of modified-eggshell biodiesel oil catalyst
CN105344344B (en) * 2015-09-30 2018-01-05 榆林学院 Modified eggshell biodiesel catalyst and its preparation method and application
CN105964298A (en) * 2016-05-18 2016-09-28 淮南泉润环保科技有限公司 Method for producing biological diesel oil catalyst
CN105964298B (en) * 2016-05-18 2019-04-16 淮南泉润环保科技有限公司 A kind of production method of biodiesel catalyst
CN109776311A (en) * 2019-02-26 2019-05-21 江苏南大光电材料股份有限公司 The preparation method and device of 2- isopropyl -2- adamantanol (methyl) acrylate

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