Fluorine-containing rare earth nano lubricating oil additive and preparation process thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Fluorine-containing rare earth nano lubricating oil additive and preparation process thereof, particularly a kind of fluorine-containing rare earth nano lubricating oil additive and water-in-oil microemulsion preparation method thereof.
Technical background
Lubricating oil is mechanical movement and safeguards indispensable integral part.Along with the raising day by day of working parameters such as the load of modern machinery and equipment, speed, temperature, original low friction compound and anti-wear agent can not satisfy its anti-wear and wear-resistant performance requirement fully in the lubricating oil.Since the nineties in 20th century, along with the further investigation of people to nano material and technology, find the inorganic-organic nanocomposite material owing to have good light, electricity, magnetic and mechanical property, be with a wide range of applications in a lot of fields, and the unique texture of some nano material makes it have special tribological property, the nanometer lubricating additive made from these nanoparticles can make the anti-wear and wear-resistant performance of lubricating oil be greatly improved, for the medium-term and long-term unsolved difficult problem in lubricated field has been opened up new solution route.
Therefore, to have good abrasion resistance, high bearing capacity, wear surface is had the slip additive of certain wearing and tearing repairing effect be the important front edge problem of tribological field in development.Since the end of the eighties, developed countries such as U.S., day propose Micro Lub and learn research, develop into Nanotribology or molecular friction the nineties and learn, and become the forward position research field of subject rapidly.Simultaneously, dispersion stabilization is to restrict the important factor that nanoparticle additives is used in oil phase at present, with regard to considering nanoparticle is carried out surface modification and will obtain nanometer lubricating additive good dispersiveness in oil, introduce oil-soluble group on its surface, increase its oleophylic performance, thereby reach good dispersion and anti-settling effect.
Relevant nano metal has many reports as the research of lubricating oil additive, as Russian scientist copper nanoparticle end or nanometer copper alloy powder are added in the lubricating oil, can make lubricity improve more than 10 times, and can significantly reduce the wearing and tearing of mechanical part, improve fuel efficiency, improve dynamic property, increase the service life.Russia utilizes Nano diamond to produce the trade mark for N-50A break-in lubricant as lubricating oil additive, is specifically designed to internal combustion engine running-in.These product can make seating time shorten 50%~90%, can improve the break-in quality simultaneously, and fuel economy prolongs engine life.If be used for the lubricated of precision finishing machine, this oil product is than the oily minimizing of machine tool oil 50%.
Find that after deliberation nanometer oxyhydroxide and nano-oxide work by depositing on friction pair, have excellent tribological property.In addition, PbS, PbO, ZnS and Zn (OH) 2 nano particles of double hexadecyl phosphorodithioic acid (DDP) and oleic acid modified have good dispersion stabilization and chemical stability, good wear-resistant and antifriction performance.The decorated nanometer particulate can significantly improve the tribological property of base oil under very low interpolation concentration, wherein the main contribution of nanometer nuclear is to reduce friction and reduce wearing and tearing under higher load; Chemical constitution, the crystalline structure of nanometer nuclear are little to the influence of tribological property; But the difference of modifier produces very big influence to the antifriction ability, when research also shows the surface finish nano particulate as lubricating oil additive, than mainly being that the organic decoration molecule works under the underload, and next at high loading mainly be that inorganic nano nuclear works.Inorganic nano nuclear is because its small-size effect and surface property have low fusing point and high surface energy, the surface film that makes nanoparticle be in molten state and have good antiwear and antifriction characteristic with friction surface material effect formation because of the friction surface temperature rise under high loading.Thereby the notion of friction surface microcell sosoloid has been proposed, the boundary lubricant of being developed has been successfully applied to the lubricated of guided missile bearing.But the nano inorganic solid lubricant that has the excellent tribology performance at present is not good because of dispersion stabilization in base oil, causes its not seen widespread use.
Summary of the invention
At the defective of prior art, the invention provides a kind of new fluorine-containing rare earth nano lubricating oil additive, and its preparation method is provided.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of fluorine-containing rare earth nano lubricating oil additive is characterized in that, described additive comprises following component:
Base oil 85%wt~99.5%wt,
The surface coated rare earth fluoride nanoparticle of itrogenous organic substance 0.5%wt~15%wt;
Wherein:
The itrogenous organic substance coating is that the alkylamine, the polyisobutene chain molecular weight that are selected from carbon number 4-54 is one or more in the nitrogenous organic salt of 500~3000 polyisobutenyl succimide or dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid,
The nitrogenous organic salt of described dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid is the alkyl chain carbon number 12~54, dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid is the aliphatic amide of 1-18 with carbon number, or carbon number is in the salt that generates of the alkyl pyridine of 5-23 one or both,
Described rare earth comprises: lanthanum or cerium.
The rare earth fluoride nanoparticle that described itrogenous organic substance coats, its itrogenous organic substance coating with the mol ratio of rare earth fluoride nanoparticle is N/ rare earth=(1~10): 1, preferred molar ratio is (1~3): 1.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of fluorine-containing rare earth nano lubricating oil additive:
A kind of preparation method of fluorine-containing rare earth nano lubricating oil additive is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
1, the preparation of the rare earth fluoride nanoparticle of itrogenous organic substance coating:
(1) 25 ℃ of following saturated water-solubility rare-earth inorganic salt solution, cats product, organic solvents is mixed with into water-in-oil microemulsion;
Wherein: described organic solvent for the alkane volume ratio be 1: 1 trichloromethane,
Described cats product is a cetyl trimethylammonium bromide,
Organic solvent/saturated rare earth salt aqueous solution (V/V) is (100~1000): 1,
The concentration of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide in organic solvent is 0.04~0.15mol/L,
Described alkane is pentane, hexane, heptane, octane and their isomer,
In the described micro emulsion, the pH of water is less than 7.5.
(2) add the itrogenous organic substance coating in micro emulsion, the itrogenous organic substance coating with the mol ratio of rare earth fluoride nanoparticle is: itrogenous organic substance coating/rare earth fluoride nanoparticle=(1~10): 1, and preferred mol ratio is (1~3): 1; Under 25 ℃, in micro emulsion, feed excessive hydrogen fluoride gas, become blueness, make rare earth ion be converted into rare earth fluoride up to the mixture micro emulsion;
(3) from microemulsion system, remove water and organic solvent;
(4) adopt tetrahydrofuran (THF) to extract the nano rare earth particle that organism coats, extraction solvent/organic solvent (V/V) is (1: 1)~(1: 10);
(5) remove tetrahydrofuran solvent, promptly obtain the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats.
2, the preparation of fluorine-containing rare earth nano lubricating oil additive:
The organism clad nano rare earth fluoride particle that step 1 is obtained, press the surface coated rare earth fluoride nanoparticle/base oil of itrogenous organic substance=(0.5%~15%) wt/ (85%~99.5%) wt, be added in the base oil, be heated to 20~100 ℃ and stir, promptly make lubricating oil additive.
Beneficial effect
The present invention adopts the organism surface to coat in preparation nanoparticle process, in compound particle, with the part of modifier as reaction system, when particle forms, particle surface and modifier form chelating by interfacial adsorption, make modifier evenly closely be coated on particle surface.The present invention adopts the nanoparticle of reverse prepared with microemulsion reactor, and particle diameter is all at 12-17nm, and the organism surface coats rare-earth nanometer particles uniform and stable dispersion of energy in base oil, and is good with the composite synergistic effect of other additive of lubricating oil.
Has embodiment
The invention will be further elaborated below by embodiment, its objective is that the cited case does not limit protection scope of the present invention for better understanding content of the present invention:
Embodiment 1
Octane-iso=1: 1), 25 ℃ of 5ml Lanthanum trichloride saturated aqueous solutions (3.89mol/L), 6.049g sec.-propyl octyl group decyl amine add the four-hole boiling flask that has temperature control, stirring and mix and make the solid dissolving with 7.28g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 500ml organic solvent (V/V trichloromethane:, drip concentrated hydrochloric acid and make the mixture clear.Hydrogen fluoride gas in 25 ℃ of throughputs in micro emulsion becomes blueness up to mixture.Obtain light yellow viscous liquid at 30 ℃ of reduction vaporization 24h, stir, insolubles is considered to wherein adding the 650ml tetrahydrofuran (THF).At last, reduction vaporization goes out tetrahydrofuran (THF), obtains the 5.13g yellow substance, promptly prepares the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats.
Embodiment 2
Normal hexane=1: 1), 25 ℃ of 5ml Lanthanum trichloride saturated aqueous solutions (3.89mol/L), 14.199g TERTIARY BUTYL AMINE, add the four-hole boiling flask that has temperature control, stirring and mix and make the solid dissolving with 273g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 5000ml organic solvent (V/V trichloromethane:, drip concentrated hydrochloric acid and make the mixture clear.The hydrogen fluoride gas of throughput becomes blueness up to mixture in micro emulsion.Obtain light yellow viscous liquid at 30 ℃ of reduction vaporization 24h, stir, insolubles is considered to wherein adding the 500ml tetrahydrofuran (THF).At last, reduction vaporization goes out tetrahydrofuran (THF), obtains the 4.73g yellow substance, promptly prepares the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats.
Embodiment 3
Octane-iso=1: 1), (Jinzhou petro-chemical corporation produces 20.946g ashless dispersant T154 with 21.84g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 600ml organic solvent (V/V trichloromethane:, nitrogen content 1.3%wt), 25 ℃ of 5ml Lanthanum trichloride saturated aqueous solutions (3.89mol/L) add the four-hole boiling flask have temperature control, stirring and mix and make the solid dissolving, drip concentrated hydrochloric acid and make the mixture clear.The hydrogen fluoride gas of throughput becomes blueness up to mixture in micro emulsion.Obtain the black thick liquid at 30 ℃ of reduction vaporization 24h, stir, insolubles is considered to wherein adding the 300ml tetrahydrofuran (THF).At last, reduction vaporization goes out tetrahydrofuran (THF), obtains the 5.24g atrament, promptly prepares the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats, and promptly prepares the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats.
Embodiment 4
Octane-iso=1: 1), (Jinzhou petro-chemical corporation produces 26.65g ashless dispersant T152 with 27.3g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 750ml organic solvent (V/V trichloromethane:, nitrogen content 0.8%wt), 25 ℃ of 5ml Lanthanum trichloride saturated aqueous solutions (3.89mol/L) add the four-hole boiling flask have temperature control, stirring and mix and make the solid dissolving, drip concentrated hydrochloric acid and make the mixture clear.The hydrogen fluoride gas of throughput becomes blueness up to mixture in micro emulsion.Obtain light yellow viscous liquid at 30 ℃ of reduction vaporization 24h, stir, insolubles is considered to wherein adding the 300ml tetrahydrofuran (THF).At last, reduction vaporization goes out tetrahydrofuran (THF), obtains the 5.18g yellow substance, promptly prepares the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats.
Embodiment 5
Octane-iso=1: 1), (Jinzhou petro-chemical corporation produces 27.39g ashless dispersant T151 with 27.82g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 750ml organic solvent (V/V trichloromethane:, nitrogen content 0.8%wt), 25 ℃ of 5ml Lanthanum trichloride saturated aqueous solutions (3.89mol/L) add the four-hole boiling flask have temperature control, stirring and mix and make the solid dissolving, drip concentrated hydrochloric acid and make the mixture clear.The hydrogen fluoride gas of throughput becomes blueness up to mixture in micro emulsion.Obtain light yellow viscous liquid at 30 ℃ of reduction vaporization 24h, stir, insolubles is considered to wherein adding the 300ml tetrahydrofuran (THF).At last, reduction vaporization goes out tetrahydrofuran (THF), obtains the 5.09g yellow substance, promptly prepares the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats.
Embodiment 6
Octane-iso=1: 1), the two hydrogenated tallow amines of 17.85g, 25 ℃ of 5ml Lanthanum trichloride saturated aqueous solutions (3.89mol/L) add the four-hole boiling flask that has temperature control, stirring and mix and make the solid dissolving with 25.67g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 750ml organic solvent (V/V trichloromethane:, drip concentrated hydrochloric acid and make the mixture clear.The hydrogen fluoride gas of throughput becomes blueness up to mixture in micro emulsion.Obtain light yellow viscous liquid at 30 ℃ of reduction vaporization 24h, stir, insolubles is considered to wherein adding the 300ml tetrahydrofuran (THF).At last, reduction vaporization goes out tetrahydrofuran (THF), obtains the 5.41g yellow substance, promptly prepares the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats.
Embodiment 7
Octane-iso=1: 1), 18.64g dibutyl phosphorodithioic acid ethylenediamine salt, 25 ℃ of 5ml Lanthanum trichloride saturated aqueous solutions (3.89mol/L) add the four-hole boiling flask that has temperature control, stirring and mix and make the solid dissolving with 24.67g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 750ml organic solvent (V/V trichloromethane:, drip concentrated hydrochloric acid and make the mixture clear.The hydrogen fluoride gas of throughput becomes blueness up to mixture in micro emulsion.Obtain light yellow viscous liquid at 30 ℃ of reduction vaporization 24h, stir, insolubles is considered to wherein adding the 300ml tetrahydrofuran (THF).At last, reduction vaporization goes out tetrahydrofuran (THF), obtains the 5.33g yellow substance, promptly prepares the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats.
Embodiment 8
Octane-iso=1: 1), 28.21g dioctyl phosphorodithioic acid tetraethylene pentamine salt, 25 ℃ of 5ml Lanthanum trichloride saturated aqueous solutions (3.89mol/L) adds the four-hole boiling flask that has temperature control, stirring and mix and make the solid dissolving with 28.91g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 1000m organic solvent (V/V trichloromethane:, drip concentrated hydrochloric acid and make the mixture clear.The hydrogen fluoride gas of throughput becomes blueness up to mixture in micro emulsion, then, adds in the mixture after reaction finishes and stirs 2h.Obtain the light black thick liquid at 30 ℃ of reduction vaporization 24h, stir, insolubles is considered to wherein adding the 300ml tetrahydrofuran (THF).At last, reduction vaporization goes out tetrahydrofuran (THF), obtains the 5.51g atrament, promptly prepares the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats.
Embodiment 9
Normal hexane=1: 1), 18.93g dibutyl phosphorodithioic acid tetraethylene pentamine salt, 25 ℃ of 5ml Lanthanum trichloride saturated aqueous solutions (3.89mol/L) adds the four-hole boiling flask that has temperature control, stirring and mix and make the solid dissolving with 26.72g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 1000ml organic solvent (V/V trichloromethane:, drip concentrated hydrochloric acid and make the mixture clear.The hydrogen fluoride gas of throughput becomes blueness up to mixture in micro emulsion.Obtain the light black thick liquid at 30 ℃ of reduction vaporization 24h, stir, insolubles is considered to wherein adding the 400ml tetrahydrofuran (THF).At last, reduction vaporization goes out tetrahydrofuran (THF), obtains the 5.47g atrament, promptly prepares the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats.
Embodiment 10
Octane-iso=1: 1), 30.56g ceryl phosphorodithioic acid cetyl pyridinium salt, 25 ℃ of 5ml Lanthanum trichloride saturated aqueous solutions (3.89mol/L) adds the four-hole boiling flask that has temperature control, stirring and mix and make the solid dissolving with 27.12g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 1000ml organic solvent (V/V trichloromethane:, drip concentrated hydrochloric acid and make the mixture clear.The hydrogen fluoride gas of throughput becomes blueness up to mixture in micro emulsion.Obtain the black thick liquid at 30 ℃ of reduction vaporization 24h, stir, insolubles is considered to wherein adding the 500ml tetrahydrofuran (THF).At last, reduction vaporization goes out tetrahydrofuran (THF), obtains the 5.63g atrament, promptly prepares the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats.
Embodiment 11
Normal hexane=1: 1), 37.15g ceryl phosphorodithioic acid cetyl pyridinium salt, 25 ℃ of 5ml Cerium II Chloride saturated aqueous solutions (3.74mol/L) adds the four-hole boiling flask that has temperature control, stirring and mix and make the solid dissolving with 28.65g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 1000ml organic solvent (V/V trichloromethane:, drip concentrated hydrochloric acid and make the mixture clear.The hydrogen fluoride gas of throughput becomes mazarine up to mixture in micro emulsion.Obtain the black thick liquid at 30 ℃ of reduction vaporization 24h, stir, insolubles is considered to wherein adding the 400ml tetrahydrofuran (THF).At last, reduction vaporization goes out tetrahydrofuran (THF), obtains the 4.89g atrament, promptly prepares the lanthanum fluoride nanoparticle that itrogenous organic substance coats.
Embodiment 12-24
The preparation process lubricant oil additive of embodiment 12-24: organism clad nano rare earth fluoride particle is added the 500SN base oil be heated to 60 ℃ and stir and promptly be prepared into lubricating oil additive.Then the additive that makes is tested its extreme pressure, anti-friction performance on four-ball tester.Result such as following table:
Embodiment | Additive (organism clad nano rare earth fluoride: 500SN base oil wt/wt) | Addition %wt | P
BValue (N)
| WSD (mm) |
12 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 1: base oil=5: 95 | 5 | 735 | 0.41 |
13 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 2: base oil=10: 90 | 5 | 666 | 0.45 |
14 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 3: base oil=10: 90 | 5 | 784 | 0.38 |
15 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 4: base oil=15: 85 | 5 | 843 | 0.34 |
16 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 5: base oil=5: 95 | 5 | 725 | 0.44 |
17 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 6: base oil=0.5: 99.5 | 5 | 627 | 0.48 |
18 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 7: base oil=10: 90 | 5 | 745 | 0.36 |
19 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 8: base oil=15: 85 | 5 | 862 | 0.34 |
20 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 9: base oil=5: 95 | 5 | 755 | 0.37 |
21 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 10: base oil=10: 95 | 5 | 882 | 0.31 |
22 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 11: base oil=5: 95 | 5 | 715 | 0.41 |
23 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 6: base oil=10: 90 | 5 | 794 | 0.33 |
24 | The nanoparticle of embodiment 10: base oil=1: 99 | 5 | 735 | 0.46 |