WO2006033781A2 - Friction-induced in-situ formation of organo-fluorides - Google Patents
Friction-induced in-situ formation of organo-fluorides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006033781A2 WO2006033781A2 PCT/US2005/030745 US2005030745W WO2006033781A2 WO 2006033781 A2 WO2006033781 A2 WO 2006033781A2 US 2005030745 W US2005030745 W US 2005030745W WO 2006033781 A2 WO2006033781 A2 WO 2006033781A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluorinated
- wear surface
- organic
- combinations
- friction
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/14—Group 7
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
- C10N2060/08—Halogenation
Definitions
- the present application relates to the preparation of fluorinated organic material. More specifically, the invention relates to the preparation of fluorinated organic material resulting from the friction-induced reaction of fluoride material with organic material.
- fluoride material such as fluorinated organic compounds (CF x ) in the presence of heat and/or friction on a metal surface can create new compositions on the surface, such as metal fluorides (MF). This can be illustrated as:
- This reaction may provide a wear-protected surface.
- the fluorinated organic compound to be reacted may be Teflon® or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the PTFE can be caused to chemically bond to the surface and protect the surface from wear.
- fluorinated organic compounds are always added to the metal surface to provide lubrication.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for providing lubrication to a wear surface.
- a friction-induced in-situ reaction is used to generate an organo-fluoride material with anti-wear properties.
- the reactants may include fluoridated compounds such as metal fluorides, boron fluorides, silicon fluorides, and other non-metal fluoride moieties.
- the fluoridated compounds may be used alone or in combination and are reacted with an organic compound such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) or graphite.
- ZDDP zinc dialkyldithiophosphate
- organo-fluoride material formed by reacting fluoridated compounds with an organic compound may be bonded to a wear surface as a friction-induced reaction progresses.
- a. friction-driven reaction may be used to make a material with lubricating properties.
- a suitable reaction medium such as a base oil is chosen.
- a friction-induced reaction between an organic compound and a fluoridated compound generates an organo-fluoride as the reaction product.
- the reaction product enhances the lubricating properties of the base oil in this embodiment.
- FIGURES 1-3 are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra showing the presence of organo-fluoride on worn surfaces.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- a method disclosed herein forms a lubricated wear surface as one embodiment.
- a fluorinated organic compound or polymer (CF x ) produced in an in-situ friction-induced reaction of small particles or molecules of a fluorinated compound with an organic compound, such as, for example, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) or graphite.
- organic compound such as, for example, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) or graphite.
- ZDDP zinc dialkyldithiophosphate
- Organic compounds with weakly bonded alkyl and aryl groups are particularly suited for use in the present invention.
- the fluorinated organic compound forms on and/or in proximity to contact surfaces during friction and wear.
- the fluorinated organic material works as a low- friction and wear-resistant firm.
- the use of a metal fluoride, such as FeF 3 creates fluorinated organic compounds that provide better lubrication than ZDDP alone can provide on the wear surface
- the in-situ chemical reaction occurs with varieties of metal fluorides or other fluorine-containing species under a range of temperatures, contact stresses and relative speeds.
- This technology can be used in many different applications, such as in lubricants for automobile and aircraft engines or in other applications using moving components in need of lubrication.
- the method disclosed herein provides a novel means to alter the surface composition of metal, ceramics, plastics and the like through a friction-induced chemical reaction that produces functionally improved surface performance for industrial, commercial, domestic and other purposes.
- the invention may also be used to provide a desirable low-friction hydrophobic coating for some applications.
- the metal fluorides that may be used with the invention include, for example, iron fluoride, titanium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, tungsten fluoride, and combinations of various metal fluorides.
- the metal fluoride is consumed during the reaction, unlike a catalyst.
- the metal fluoride may retain some catalytic functions in some embodiments.
- Embodiments of the invention may employ other compounds such as boron fluorides, silicon fluorides, and other non-metal fluoride moieties. Below is a specific example using iron trifluoride (FeF 3 ), which is converted to the difiuoride moiety as the reaction progresses.
- FeF 3 iron trifluoride
- the ZDDP reacts with the iron trifluoride under friction and wear conditions and is converted into a fluorinated organic material on the wear surface, such as the metal surface of an engine. This reaction has been observed to occur with the same results at varying loading pressures.
- the reaction illustrated above is not a normal degradation of the organic material (ZDDP). Instead, the iron tri-fluoride (FeF 3 ) is consumed by the reaction with the organic material (ZDDP).
- fluorinated organic materials are known lubricants, so the creation of fluorinated organic compounds on the wear surface provides thermal protection, wear resistance and lubrication directly at the point of highest need, hi some embodiments, the wear surface material may be chosen to catalyze the reaction of the fluoride- containing material and the organic compound.
- fluorine-containing compounds may be used in place of or in addition to ferric fluoride (FeF 3 ), including, for example, aluminum trifluoride (AlF 3 ), cryolite (Na 3 AlF 6 ), zirconium tetrafluoride (ZrF 4 ), titanium trifluoride (TiF 3 ), titanium tetrafluoride (TiF 4 ), tin fluoride (SnF 2 and SnF 4 ) and the like, and combinations thereof. Transition metal fluorides are used in certain embodiments. It will be further understood that a wide range of other organics may be used in place of ZDDP. Select inorganic compounds may be used in some embodiments, such as, for example, boron- or silicon-containing compounds.
- the MF and organics react under friction and/or heat to create new materials, fluorinated organic materials, that are known lubricants.
- fluorinated organic materials that are known lubricants.
- no fluorinated organic materials are present at the beginning of the reaction.
- fluorinated organic compounds are formed and act as a lubricant on the wear surface.
- fluorinated organic compounds that have poor or no lubricant properties may be present at the beginning of the reaction and, in the presence of metal fluorides, these non-lubricant fluorinated organic compounds react under heat and friction to create other fluorinated organic materials that are good lubricants and wear-reducing agents.
- heat is not required for reaction progression, and may occur at ambient temperatures and pressure.
- a metal fluoride such as FeF 3
- ZDDP creates fluorinated organic compounds that provide better lubrication and wear protection than ZDDP alone can provide on the wear surface.
- the reactants may be brought into contact by dissolving them in an appropriate solvent or medium. Certain reactants may be in particle form and may be prepared for the reaction by generating a suspension of those particles.
- the particle size may vary in embodiments of the invention, but are sub-micron in size in a preferred embodiment.
- the fluorinated reactant compound is usually provided in a particle form, but the organic reactant compound may also be in particle form in some embodiments.
- FIGURES 1-3 illustrate results of friction and wear tests that were conducted at approximately 25 0 C for a range of contact pressures for iron fluoride (FeF 3 ) in combination with ZDDP. No organo-fluorides were present at the start of the test.
- the spectra of FIGURES 1-3 are XPS analyses of wear surfaces for ball surface pressures of 2.32, 2.93 and 3.68 GPa, respectively.
- F 1 s peaks appear in each FIGURE.
- the peaks that at approximately 690 eV (101, 201, 301) are identified as fluorine bound to carbon, as found in fluorinated organic materials, CF n (where n ⁇ l).
- the peak at about 685.5 eV is identified as F bound to a metal, such as FeF 3 .
- the organo-fluorides (CF n ) form in-situ on the wear surface and help to protect the surface from further wearing. Because no fluorinate organic compounds were present at the beginning of the wear test, it is apparent that the CF n is created from the interaction of the ZDDP and FeF 3 on or near the metal surface.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/944,452 US20060063682A1 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2004-09-17 | Friction-induced in-situ formation of organo-fluorides |
US10/944,452 | 2004-09-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006033781A2 true WO2006033781A2 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
WO2006033781A3 WO2006033781A3 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
Family
ID=36074810
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/030745 WO2006033781A2 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2005-08-29 | Friction-induced in-situ formation of organo-fluorides |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20060063682A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006033781A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110449582A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-11-15 | 江南大学 | A kind of preparation method of titanium alloy 3D printing part surface abrasion resistance damage coating |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BR112014000763A2 (en) | 2011-07-13 | 2017-02-14 | Oxane Mat Inc | low surface friction propellants |
CN104560269B (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2017-07-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of sulfoacid calcium calcium naphthenate zirconium base octa-polyurea lubricating grease and preparation method thereof |
JP7238687B2 (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2023-03-14 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | Film forming apparatus and film forming method |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5877128A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1999-03-02 | Platinum Research Organization Ltd. | Catalyzed lubricant additives and catalyzed lubricant systems designed to accelerate the lubricant bonding reaction |
US6258758B1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2001-07-10 | Platinum Research Organization Llc | Catalyzed surface composition altering and surface coating formulations and methods |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6541430B1 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2003-04-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluorinated lubricant additives |
US6960555B2 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2005-11-01 | Jet-Lube, Inc | Resin bonded particulate anti-seize agent, lubricating system made therefrom and methods of making and using same |
US7074745B2 (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2006-07-11 | Platinum Intellectual Property, L.P. | Engine oil additive |
-
2004
- 2004-09-17 US US10/944,452 patent/US20060063682A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-08-29 WO PCT/US2005/030745 patent/WO2006033781A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5877128A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1999-03-02 | Platinum Research Organization Ltd. | Catalyzed lubricant additives and catalyzed lubricant systems designed to accelerate the lubricant bonding reaction |
US6258758B1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2001-07-10 | Platinum Research Organization Llc | Catalyzed surface composition altering and surface coating formulations and methods |
US6362135B1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2002-03-26 | Platinum Research Organization, L.L.C. | Catalyzed compositions and methods for use in vehicle surface anti-icing and other applications |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110449582A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-11-15 | 江南大学 | A kind of preparation method of titanium alloy 3D printing part surface abrasion resistance damage coating |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060063682A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
WO2006033781A3 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
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