CN1825148A - Whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber and preparing method thereof - Google Patents
Whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber and preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1825148A CN1825148A CN 200610039041 CN200610039041A CN1825148A CN 1825148 A CN1825148 A CN 1825148A CN 200610039041 CN200610039041 CN 200610039041 CN 200610039041 A CN200610039041 A CN 200610039041A CN 1825148 A CN1825148 A CN 1825148A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method to realize long distance uniform illumination material realizing by light scattering in fiber optic waveguide structure. It includes covering layer, core layer, and scatterer. The covering layer is coating on the outside of core layer. The scatterer is distributed on inner surface of core layer in certain thickness and deepness. The refractive index of covering layer is larger that that of core layer. The material of scatterer is different from that of core layer. The covering layer and core layer form the round waveguide structure. The fiber side equally distributes scattered light intensity, and the device is low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize the light scattering in the fibre-optic waveguide structure to realize material that long distance is evenly thrown light on and preparation method thereof, belong to the technical field that special optical fiber is made.
Background technology
Needs along with urban development and commercial propaganda, city brightening at night cosmetic treatment scale enlarges day by day, many buildingss have been equipped incandescent lamp, plastic neon lamp, glass neon bulb or floodlight, with at brightening at night buildings or carry out product brand propaganda, wherein adopting incandescent lamp to carry out decorating building is eliminated, set out formerly that to reach American-European countries gradually popular and adopt entirely lighting optical fiber to carry out decorating building, application at home makes first appearance, be particularly useful for sketching the contours the profile of square buildings, satisfy the step illumination, the needs of pond illumination have vast potential for future development.This is because entirely lighting optical fiber is compared with the glass neon bulb with plastic neon lamp, has (it is uncharged luminophor) safe in utilization; The quality softness easily is shaped; Can realize continuously uninterrupted variable color (as long as Colour-changing disk being set) in the light source exit; Life-span is long, and therefore characteristics such as easy care are the very strong competitors of neon bulb.And the common energy consumption of floodlight is big, and has a large amount of light to pollute.Therefore the characteristic and the effect of entirely lighting optical fiber come into one's own day by day, have become the emerging high-tech product of 21 century decoration, Lighting Industry.(Xu Sihua, Zhang Xiaojing, Xu Chuanxiang, " entirely lighting optical fiber and application thereof ", and New Chemical Materials, Vol.31 No.18, P.38-42,2003)
But entirely lighting optical fiber still has its weak point.Topmost deficiency is exactly that the side-scattered light light intensity of this optical fiber is exponential damping along the direction of propagation of light conducting, and the scattered light light intensity that this scattered light beam intensity ratio optical fiber connector place that just makes optical fiber coupled end place spill spills is eager to excel a lot.The unevenness of scattered light light intensity makes its a lot of purposes in decoration, illuminating industry be restricted.
The unevenness of side-scattered light intensity also makes the length of entirely lighting optical fiber be restricted.The length of this optical fiber is the longest also has only 30～60 meters (Jiang Yuan, Liu Yuqing, " application example of lateral emitting polymer optical fiber on illumination and decoration ", lamp and illumination, Vol.28 No.3,2004).Because if long again, the unevenness of side-scattered light intensity will be more obvious, and the light intensity of optical fiber connector also can be a little less than.As Jiang Tayong in the Wuhu 50 optical fiber and 40 Metal halogen lamps (Jiang Yuan, Si Tuguiping, " application of the POF of lateral emitting in illumination ", illuminating engineering journal, Vol.13 No.2,2002), this has not only increased cost, and brings difficulty to maintenance.
Simultaneously, the energy utilization of this optical fiber is also reasonable inadequately.In order to guarantee that the optical fiber connector place still has stronger scattered light and spills, the light conducting light intensity is a little less than the optical fiber connector place just can not be too, therefore have greatly that luminous energy is to spill from optical fiber connector, rather than from the optical fiber surface scattering or leak out, cause bigger energy loss.
In order to overcome these deficiencies, the someone finds out at the two ends of optical fiber and adds light source respectively, or adds a catoptron at the end of optical fiber, but this method can not make that still the side-scattered light intensity is even fully, and if add a light source and also increased cost.
Have the American to adopt the variable core diameter legal system to make entirely lighting optical fiber, but this method need change the core diameter of optical fiber continuously, on optical fiber fabrication, be difficult to realize, cost up just be difficult to be applied to reality.
Have the Japanese to adopt conical surface incident method, its principle is to increase the optical fiber input face area, dwindles its size then gradually, makes its transition end at the optical fiber external diameter.This transition structure is the optical fiber pyramidal structure, and the diameter of its length and incident end face is through particular design, to guarantee that incident light is close with the light leak of the whole length direction of optical fiber at optical fiber tapering part light leak.Because the existence of cone-shaped body, the incident light of different incidence angles are because of the inclination of fully reflecting surface, after total reflection for several times, their strokes in optical fiber are with difference, and light will leak on different fiber lengths, thereby produce the whole phenomenon that optical fiber side is luminous.But the scrambling of the shape of cone-shaped body own has just influenced the attractive in appearance of it, the design of cone-shaped body should guarantee the flexibility of optical fiber integrally, also to prevent the undue leakage of incident cone-shaped body part ambient light, and must consider the side illumination of whole optical fiber and the occasion of use, the difficulty in the making has also influenced its practical application.(Jiang Yuan, Ling Genhua, Yin Zhidong, " preparation principle of lateral emitting optical fiber and application thereof ", optical fiber and cable and application technology thereof, Vol.4 No.4,2000)
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of side-scattered light intensity and evenly distribute, reasonable energy utilization, entirely lighting optical fiber that preparation and installation cost are cheap and preparation method thereof.
Technical scheme: the present invention is a kind of whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber and preparation method thereof.Whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber is made up of covering, sandwich layer, scatterer, covering is coated in the outside surface of sandwich layer, scatterer is with certain density and the depth profile inside surface at sandwich layer, wherein the refractive index of covering is greater than the refractive index of sandwich layer, scatterer is to constitute by being different from the sandwich layer refractive index materials, and covering and sandwich layer have constituted circular waveguiding structure.Light conducting is propagated in sandwich layer, when it runs into scatterer, just has a light owing to scattering leaks out.Because scatterer has the different degree of depth or density at the surperficial diverse location place of sandwich layer, so the light conducting attenuation coefficient at optical fiber diverse location place has nothing in common with each other, thereby guarantees that the scattered light light intensity evenly distributes at optical fiber surface.
The present invention proposes the preparation method of whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber.Produce the sandwich layer of optical fiber earlier, lay the groove (degree of depth and the density of diverse location place groove design through accurate Calculation) of the degree of depth or Density Distribution inequality then on its surface, filler is made scatterer in groove again, covers the top covering material in core layer surface at last.
Make groove and can adopt the method for ion etching, by in the waveguide surface mask film covering, the focusing of ion beam that sends with ion generator is in core layer surface, and the length of ion beam action time is being controlled the degree of depth of the groove of beating.Or focus on waveguide surface by light laser and ablate, laser intensity difference, the degree of depth of groove are also different.Certainly, also can carry out mold pressing by the method for mechanical hot pressing, the depth of compacting can realize by the method for precision control.
The density of groove can be controlled by software.Such as using AutoCAD software control laser marking machine, the laser beam that marking machine sends focuses on the surface of fiber core layer, thereby lays the groove of desired density at the different parts place of sandwich layer.
Gordian technique of the present invention is exactly that light conducting attenuation coefficient by changing optical fiber diverse location place is to realize the homogeneity of optical fiber surface side-scattered light intensity.Can realize by accurate control inside of optical fibre diverse location place scatterer distributes on the light conducting direction of propagation the density and the degree of depth.Accompanying drawing 2 is synoptic diagram that this optical fiber evenly spills scattered light.
The light conducting attenuation coefficient is not only in order to realize the homogeneity of side-scattered light intensity along the uneven distribution of spread fiber direction, can also realize the reasonable utilization of luminous energy by appropriate design to the scatterer degree of depth or density, so just can be so that most light conducting energy is to be scattered volume scattering to go out optical fiber but not spill from optical fiber connector.
Technique effect: according to as can be known above-mentioned, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) the side-scattered light intensity of whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber is equally distributed, therefore can in industries such as illumination, decoration more wide application be arranged.
(2) utilization of whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber energy is more reasonable, can effectively utilize the light conducting energy, avoids the light conducting energy to spill from optical fiber connector, causes energy dissipation.
(3) the side-scattered light intensity evenly distributes, need not consider that terminal light intensity too a little less than, so its length can be longer than common entirely lighting optical fiber far away.When practical application, Zhao Ming scope is wider if desired, just can save cost without multifiber and a plurality of light source, also is convenient to safeguard.
(4) the whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber manufacture craft is simple, and to compare design more reasonable with variable core diameter method and conical surface incident method, and cheap cost will more help it is introduced to the market.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram with two kinds of different whole body uniform illuminating optical fibers.(a) part is to guarantee that with the method that changes scatterer 3 degree of depth scattered light light intensity evenly distributes at optical fiber surface among the figure; (b) part is to guarantee that with the method that changes scatterer 3 density the scattered light light intensity evenly distributes at optical fiber surface.Have among the figure: sandwich layer 1, covering 2, scatterer 3.
Fig. 2 is the even scattering outboard profile of whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber.Sandwich layer 1, covering 2, scatterer (in luminous) 3, laser instrument 4, convex lens 5, laser beam 6 are arranged among the figure.
Fig. 3 is wherein any two the volume element synoptic diagram of whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber.
Fig. 4 is required attenuation coefficient k of the even scattering in whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber surface and the graph of a relation of light conducting propagation distance z in optical fiber.
Fig. 5 is an experimental provision vertical view of determining attenuation coefficient and scatterer density and depth relationship.Laser instrument 4, convex lens 5, laser beam 6, circular hole baffle plate 7, translational adjustment platform 8, whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber sample 9, baffle plate 10, light power meter probe 11, rectangular opening 12, scale 13 are wherein arranged.
Embodiment
Design the basic structure of whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber by sectional view as shown in Figure 1.Core material can adopt thermoset resin, and its advantage is that thermoset resin has excellent temperature tolerance, is difficult for temperature distortion.So optional high metal halid lamp of power or the xenon lamp used is as light source, thereby even assurance optical fiber also has stronger scattered light to spill than long.Clad material can be selected FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene) for use, and scatterer can be selected PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) or other polymeric materials for use, also can select fluorescent material for use.The order of preparation whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber is: the sandwich layer of making whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber earlier with the method for preparing the ordinary optic fibre sandwich layer, use laser marking machine then, inscribe groove one by one according to the density that designs and the degree of depth on the surface of sandwich layer, in groove, fill in diffuser material again, last surface-coated top covering material at sandwich layer.
How do the degree of depth and density along diverse location place, light conducting direction of propagation scatterer design? two kinds of approach can be arranged: the one, the scatterer degree of depth is invariable, thereby only reach the purpose that changes diverse location place light conducting attenuation coefficient, realize that finally scattered light intensity evenly distributes by the scatterer density that changes the diverse location place.The 2nd, the scatterer density constant is constant, only realizes that by the scatterer degree of depth that changes the diverse location place scattered light intensity evenly distributes.How to design the degree of depth and the density at diverse location place below by a model analysis.
If light conducting is propagated along the Z direction, the light conducting light intensity at z=0 place is I
0If the degree of depth of each scatterer is identical, be evenly distributed, then attenuation coefficient k remains unchanged, and according to the attenuation law of light in optical fiber, light conducting will decay by index law along the direction that light wave advances, promptly
I＝I
0·e
-kz
Wherein k is an attenuation coefficient, and I is the light intensity of light conducting when passing through a certain cross section of Z direction.
For the scattered light light intensity that satisfies whole optical fiber surface is even, the variable in distance that optical fiber will advance along with light conducting along Z-direction attenuation coefficient everywhere and changing.As shown in Figure 3, the Z direction take up an official post get one section very short distance, delta z (Δ z＜＜L, wherein L is a fiber lengths), suppose S
j* Δ z (S
jBeing the optical fiber sectional area) the surface scattering light light intensity and the attenuation coefficient of this small volume element all be invariable, being changed in Δ z two ends conduction light intensity then:
ΔI
z＝I
z-I
ze
-kΔz＝I
z(1-e
-kΔz)
I wherein
zBe the incident conduction light intensity of this volume element, k is the attenuation coefficient of this volume element.
Light conducting is Δ I through the luminous power that the long-pending unit of this a bit of fiber body is lost
zS
jIf do not consider absorption, the luminous power of these losses will be scattered away fully so.But these luminous powers are not at S
b* Δ z (S
bFor this section optical fiber surface long-pending) all scope inscatterings come out, it only the part optical fiber surface particularly the optical fiber surface at scatterer place scatter out.If a is the useful area coefficient, i.e. the ratio of the light-emitting area and the optical fiber surface total area.Then the optical fiber surface scattered light intensity is:
I
sz＝ΔI
z·S
c/(aS
b)＝I
z(1-e
-kΔz)·S
c/(aS
b)
If nestling up next segment length of this section volume element and be the attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber volume element of Δ z is k+ Δ k, being changed to of next section Δ z two ends conduction light intensity then:
ΔI
(z+Δz)＝I
ze
-kΔz(1-e
-(k+Δk)Δz)
The surface scattering light intensity of this place's optical fiber is:
I
s(z+Δz)＝I
ze
-kΔz(1-e
-(k+Δk)Δz)·S
c/(aS
b)
Because at whole optical fiber surface scattering light all is uniformly, so I
Sz=I
S (z+ Δ z), can get by top two formulas:
I
z(1-e
-kΔz)·S
c/(aS
b)＝I
ze
-kΔz(1-e
-(k+Δk)Δz)·S
c/(aS
b)
That is 2e,
-k Δ z-e
-(2k Δ z+ Δ k Δ z)=1
To the following formula series expansion, ignore the above high-order of second order in a small amount, then
2[1-kΔz+(kΔz)
2/2！]-[1-2kΔz-ΔkΔz+Δz
2(2k+Δk)
2/2！]＝1
That is, (k Δ z)
2+ Δ k Δ z-Δ z
2(2k+ Δ k)
2/ 2=0
The equation both sides are together divided by Δ z
2, then
k
2+Δk/Δz-(2k+Δk)
2/2＝0
Under all enough little situation of Δ k, Δ z, following formula can turn to
Separate this differential equation, when considering z=0, k=k
0, the relational expression that can get k and z is:
Their graph of a relation as shown in Figure 4.
So just can obtain the value of the attenuation coefficient k of optical fiber diverse location place.Determine the density of attenuation coefficient and this position scatterer or the relation of the degree of depth below by experiment.
At first make all identical sample fiber of a lot of materials, radius, length.The degree of depth of scatterer and density do not change with fiber lengths in these sample fibers.Sample is divided into two groups, and the density of the scatterer of first group of each optical fiber all is the same, but the scatterer degree of depth of each optical fiber is different; The degree of depth of the scatterer of second group of each optical fiber all is the same, but the scatterer Density Distribution of each optical fiber has nothing in common with each other.A sample fiber in the middle of taking out wherein one group is respectively done following experiment, and analyzes.
Experimental provision as shown in Figure 5.Light source is the 650nm semiconductor laser, and the laser beam of sending is assembled by two convex lens, through behind the circular hole collimation, is coupled in the sample fiber that is fixed on the translational adjustment platform again.Photoelectric detector adopts is that (minimum range is 10 for the MODEL-460-1A type light power meter of California, USA import
-8W).A baffle plate is arranged below the probe of light power meter, and baffle plate has been dug a rectangular opening.Baffle plate is abutted against on the sample, by the direction of the long limit of borehole facing to light transmission.The scattered light that spills in the hole is mapped in the probe of light power meter by lens.Scale on the contrast translational adjustment platform is along the transmission direction moving stop of light.Write down the numerical value that each position light power meter shows.With the data input computer of gained, carry out match and analysis then with Origin software.Theoretical derivation is analyzed as follows:
Optical fiber surface apart from the scattered light power in the Δ z of the incoming cross-section z place tiny length scope is:
ΔP
s＝ΔI·S
j＝[I
0e
-kz-I
0e
-k(z+Δz)]·S
j＝S
jkI
0e
-kz·Δz
I wherein
0For the light conducting light intensity at z=0 place, write it as differential form, be
dP
s＝S
jkI
0e
-kz·dz
If wherein long limit of some time rectangular opening is corresponding to the z place on the scale, another long limit is corresponding to (z+d) position on the scale, and wherein d is the width in hole, and d is very little.The scattered light power that then spills from the hole is:
And really be detected the wherein part of the just all surface scattered light power that device receives
P
t＝μP
k＝μS
jdkI
0e
-kz
Wherein μ is a scale-up factor, and μ＜0.
As seen, under the little situation of the width in hole, follow identical exponential damping law from the luminous power that light power meter receives with the conduction light intensity, and attenuation coefficient is identical.
Taken the logarithm in the following formula both sides, then
lnP
t＝-kz+ln(μS
jdkI
0)
This shows, if make z and lnP by linear fit
tStraight line, just can from experiment, draw the value of the attenuation coefficient k of this sample fiber according to straight slope.
Just can obtain the pairing attenuation coefficient value of the different scatterer degree of depth and density in this way, in these two parameters of constant depth or density one of them then, another parameter and propagation distance are carried out match respectively again, just can obtain when the relation of the scatterer degree of depth one timing density and attenuation coefficient and the relation of working as the scatterer density one timing degree of depth and attenuation coefficient.The diverse location place attenuation coefficient value of calculating according to the front again, thus realize guaranteeing optical fiber surface scattering uniformity of light with the method for the change scatterer density or the degree of depth.
Claims (3)
1. whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber, it is characterized in that whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber is made up of covering (2), sandwich layer (1), scatterer (3), covering (2) is coated in outside the surface of sandwich layer (1), scatterer (3) with certain density and depth profile in the surface of sandwich layer (1), wherein the refractive index of covering (2) is greater than the refractive index of sandwich layer (1), scatterer (3) is to constitute by being different from sandwich layer (1) refractive index materials, and covering (2) and sandwich layer (1) have constituted circular waveguiding structure; Scatterer (3) has the different degree of depth or density at the surperficial diverse location place of sandwich layer (1), and the light conducting attenuation coefficient at optical fiber diverse location place is had nothing in common with each other, and guarantees that the scattered light light intensity evenly distributes at optical fiber surface.
2. the preparation method of a whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that producing earlier the sandwich layer (1) of optical fiber, lay the groove of the degree of depth or Density Distribution inequality then on the surface of sandwich layer (1), filler is made scatterer (3) in the groove of sandwich layer (1) again, at last at sandwich layer (1) surface coverage top covering (2) material.
3. the preparation method of whole body uniform illuminating optical fiber according to claim 2, it is characterized in that making the method that groove adopts ion etching, by in the waveguide surface mask film covering, the focusing of ion beam that sends with ion generator is on sandwich layer (1) surface, and the length of ion beam action time is being controlled the degree of depth of the groove of beating; Or focus on waveguide surface by light laser and ablate, laser intensity difference, the degree of depth of groove are also different; Or carry out mold pressing by the method for mechanical hot pressing, the depth of compacting realizes by the method for precision control.
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|---|---|---|---|
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
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| CN100383580C CN100383580C (en) | 2008-04-23 |
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| CN104091604A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-10-08 | 南京邮电大学 | Waveguide fluorescent data memory, manufacturing method and data reading method |
| CN106033137A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-10-19 | 武汉邮电科学研究院 | Quartz cladding large-power-transmission dispersion optical fiber and manufacturing method thereof |
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| JP2019061247A (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2019-04-18 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | Uniform white color light diffusing fiber |
| CN110384499A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-29 | 武汉益永康医疗科技有限公司 | Internal indexed optical fiber and preparation method |
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| US6205263B1 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2001-03-20 | Intelligent Optical Systems | Distributed optical fiber sensor with controlled response |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2019061247A (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2019-04-18 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | Uniform white color light diffusing fiber |
| USRE48428E1 (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2021-02-09 | Corning Incorporated | Uniform white color light diffusing fiber |
| CN104091604A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-10-08 | 南京邮电大学 | Waveguide fluorescent data memory, manufacturing method and data reading method |
| CN106033137A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-10-19 | 武汉邮电科学研究院 | Quartz cladding large-power-transmission dispersion optical fiber and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106033137B (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2019-02-26 | 武汉邮电科学研究院 | A kind of silica clad high power transmission dispersion fiber and its manufacturing method |
| CN106066511A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2016-11-02 | 莱尼电缆控股有限公司 | Fiberoptic equipment and the method being used for manufacturing such equipment |
| CN110384499A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-29 | 武汉益永康医疗科技有限公司 | Internal indexed optical fiber and preparation method |
| CN111676532A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-18 | 华中科技大学 | Luminescent fiber, preparation method and application thereof, and luminescent mask |
| CN111676532B (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2022-03-01 | 华中科技大学 | Luminescent fiber, preparation method and application thereof, and luminescent mask |
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|---|---|
| CN100383580C (en) | 2008-04-23 |
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