CN1824413A - External heating metal pipe material high-medium temperature ultra high water pressure once shaping technology, method and equipment - Google Patents
External heating metal pipe material high-medium temperature ultra high water pressure once shaping technology, method and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1824413A CN1824413A CNA2005100899460A CN200510089946A CN1824413A CN 1824413 A CN1824413 A CN 1824413A CN A2005100899460 A CNA2005100899460 A CN A2005100899460A CN 200510089946 A CN200510089946 A CN 200510089946A CN 1824413 A CN1824413 A CN 1824413A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a technique, method and equipment for forming necked tubular metal component by utilizing great internal high pressure produced by water under the condition of high temperature and adopting heat transfer (or pressure transfer) single-operation process. Said equipment includes four portions: 1. high-temperature high-pressure equipment: high-pressure container, external electroheating high-temperature furnace and working water; 2. temperature (or pressure) transfer equipment: high-pressure metal pipeline and high-pressure valve; 3. forming equipment: concave metal material die, tube blank and sealing ram; and 4. control equipment. It has two forming methods: one is pressure transfer, and another is heat transfer. Said invention also provides the concrete steps of every method.
Description
1. technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of brand-new reducing tubular metal member water pressure once shaping technology, method and apparatus.Concrete, this technology of huge static pressure and the relevant device that utilize water at high temperature to be produced exactly carry out the once-forming of reducing tubular metal member.
Required inner high voltage derives from the huge static pressure that high-temperature water produces in the forming process, and shaping medium is superhigh-pressure high-temp water (supercritical water), and metal stock is to be shaped under the condition of high temperature.
2. background technology
Usually said tubing hydroforming (internal high pressure forming) at present is that the mechanical pressure with hydraulic pump (water pump or oil pump) is a source pressure, cryogen (water or oil) is a shaping medium, make blank with tubing, apply highly pressurised liquid by tubing inside and pipe is pressed into makes it be configured as required workpiece in the die cavity.Specifically the tubing blank is put into the die cavity of a hydroforming assembly and provided high-pressure fluid to blank inside, so that the outside expansion of blank is consistent with the qualification cavity surface with hydraulic pump.Shortcoming of the method and limitation: 1. cost is higher, needs a high performance hydraulic pump; 2. operating pressure is relatively low, and operating pressure is generally 0.3-0.5GPa; 3. it is comparatively difficult to boost, for common hydraulic pump, if will promote 0.1GPa again on the basis of working pressure range, usually comparatively difficult; 4. institute's machined metal parts outer surface is easy to generate fan-shaped microfissure, because the canister blank is to expand under the normal temperature rigid state; 5. process high duty metal parts (as titanium alloy etc.) and be restricted, because of being processes under the normal temperature state; 6. process the thick-walled metal parts and be restricted, because of being processes under the normal temperature state.
3. summary of the invention
The present invention is a kind of external heating metal pipe material height-middle temperature ultra high water pressure once shaping technology, method and apparatus.The present invention is this technology of huge static pressure and the relevant device that utilizes water at high temperature to be produced, and carries out the once-forming of reducing tubular metal member.This method is the residing state of metal from pressure mechanism of production, shaping medium, forming process no matter, and still all different with traditional hydroforming technology and equipment on element of installation and the method step, it is a kind of brand-new technology, method and apparatus.
It is that transmission medium superhigh-pressure high-temp thermal simulation experiment result proposes with water that the present invention is based on the p-V-T graph of a relation of state equation, water of water and following two groups: 1. the external diameter with topped up with water (about 6-7 drips) is 48mm, internal diameter is 8mm, boss ratio is that 1: 6 Rene41 titanium maxter alloy autoclave is sealed by the taper chock plug, put into the tube furnace by temperature controller control then, Jia Re mode heats up gradually by pre-set program in addition.When furnace temperature rises to 350 ℃, find to make the outside also breach (seeing Figure 1B-1) of explosion long 27mm, a wide 11mm that expands of this titanium maxter alloy autoclave body by the huge inner high voltage that high-temperature water produced of kettle inside; 2. same experimental technique, with the external diameter of topped up with water (about 8-9 drips) is 60mm, and internal diameter is 8mm, and boss ratio is that two stainless steel autoclave bodies of 1: 7.5 are sealed by the taper chock plug, put into tube furnace then, Jia Re mode heats up gradually by the program that pre-sets in addition.When furnace temperature rises to 450 ℃ and 480 ℃, cause two stainless steel autoclave bodies all outwards to expand by the huge inner high voltage that high-temperature water produced of autoclave inside, the 60mm of kettle external diameter before by experiment dilatancy respectively is 63.1mm and 64.3mm (seeing Figure 1B-2).This phenomenon by we utilize aqueous medium at high temperature the huge static pressure of generation, carry out the once-forming of reducing tubular metal member and lay a good foundation.
A content of the present invention is a kind of huge static pressure of utilizing water at high temperature to be produced, the technology of a hydroforming reducing tubular metal member (seeing Fig. 2 A).Its characteristics are that inner high voltage required in the forming process derives from the immense pressure that water is at high temperature produced.The p-V-T relation of water is the basic physical chemical property of water, and the density of water changes and changes along with temperature and pressure, and when increased pressure, the density of fluid can change to the density value of liquid water continuously from the density value of steam.At high temperature, during as 200 ℃, 500 ℃ and 1000 ℃, keep the density (1g/cm of water under the normal temperature and pressure
3), required external pressure will reach 0.3GPa, 0.8GPa, 1.82GPa respectively.In other words, the canister of water-filled (or packing density is 100%) sealing is heated to 200 ℃, 500 ℃ and 1000 ℃ respectively, high-temperature water in the container will produce the pressure of about 0.3GPa, 0.8GPa, 1.82GPa, and stepless action in around on the chamber wall (seeing Figure 1A).We utilize this characteristic of water to carry out the once-forming of reducing tubular metal member just.Be about to be full of the tubular metal blank of water or the certain water gaging of filling, sealed, then by the water in the heat conducting mode indirect pipe to high temperature.Rising along with water temperature, increase sharply by the pressure that high-temperature water produced in the pipe, when the pressure that is produced by hot operation water surpasses the tension force that tube wall can bear, the wall of expansion tube billet, this moment is if controlled with female mold, just obtains variously not only having formalness but also have the reducing tubular metal member (seeing Fig. 2 and 3) of the double-form of external morphology.Water at high temperature can produce the huge inner high voltage of the tube billet that is used for expanding can be from above-mentioned two groups of high temperature and pressure experiments be confirmed (seeing Figure 1B-1, Figure 1B-2).
Second content of the present invention relates to a kind of outer heating and produces the technology and the assembly (see figure 6) of the required inner high voltage of shaping reducing tubular metal member.Be characterized in high temperature furnace is placed high-pressure bottle outside (external electrothermal high-temperature stove), see through the high-pressure bottle wall from the outside and indirectly the working water the high-pressure bottle is heated, make it produce the technology of required inner high voltage in the forming process.Bulk temperature is identical when adding the work of thermal capacitance device, because the intensity of container material obviously reduces under the hot conditions, so the operating pressure of outer heating high-pressure container and operating temperature are relatively low, but the high-pressure tightness of outer heating high-pressure container is better.
Present technique mainly is made up of high-pressure bottle, external electrothermal high-temperature stove, working water three parts.
The 3rd content of the present invention relate to a kind of with the working water in the heat conducting mode indirect tube billet cavity to high temperature, produce the technology and the assembly of expansion tubing blank wall and the required inner high voltage of once-forming reducing tubular metal member.
It is characterized by, at first with topped up with water all in high-pressure bottle and the tube billet, adopt working water in the external heating mode heating high-pressure container to high temperature then, with the high-temperature water in the high-pressure bottle is thermal source, utilize the temperature difference between the water at low temperature in the high-temperature water and metal stock in the high-pressure bottle, by connecting the high-pressure metal pipeline between high-pressure bottle and the pipe, in heat conducting mode, the high temperature of working water in the high-pressure bottle is delivered in the metal stock cavity water, water in the indirect metal stock cavity makes the technology (see figure 7) of the required inner high voltage of its generation expansion pipe wall and once-forming reducing tubular metal member to high temperature.
Present technique mainly comprises high-pressure bottle, external electrothermal high-temperature stove, high-pressure metal pipeline, tubing blank and five basic module (see figure 7)s of working water.
The 4th content of the present invention relates to a kind of mode with the pressure conduction directly provides expansion tubing blank wall, and the technology and the assembly of the required inner high voltage of once-forming reducing tubular metal member.
Be characterized in, at first with topped up with water in the high-pressure bottle, working water in the mode heating high-pressure container that passes through then to heat outward is to high temperature, when the pressure that is produced by high-temperature water (supercritical water) reaches predetermined pressure, open the high pressure valve between high-pressure bottle and the metal stock, be transmitted in the cavity of tubing blank via the high-pressure metal pipeline by the huge inner high voltage that high-temperature water produced in the high-pressure bottle like this, the wall of expansion pipe makes its distortion, (see Fig. 8 A until the outer surface of tube billet and the technology of mould inner mould surface basically identical, 8B, 8C, 8D and 8E).
Present technique mainly comprises high-pressure bottle, external electrothermal high-temperature stove, high-pressure metal pipeline, high-pressure stop valve, tubing blank and six basic modules of working water (seeing Fig. 8 A, 8B, 8C, 8D and 8E).
The 5th content of the present invention is external heating metal pipe material height-middle temperature ultra high water pressure once-forming skill equipment.Equipment comprises four most of 18 basic module (see figure 6)s.First is high-temperature high-pressure apparatus (pressure source): comprise high-pressure bottle (1), external electrothermal high-temperature stove (2) and furnace shell (3), working water (4); Second portion is temperature (or pressure) transmission equipment: comprise high-pressure metal pipeline (5) and muff (6), high pressure valve (7); Third part is a former, comprises that female mold (12) and housing (13), mould fixed support (15), tubing blank support (9), tubing blank (11), tubing seal liquidate drift (8), metal ferrules (10); The 4th part is a control appliance, comprises Temperature-controlled appliance (2,16), mould open/close control appliance (14,17), and tubing blank support and the sealing drift that liquidates moves axially control appliance (9,18).
Equipment characteristic: 1. adopt the mode of outer heating, the working water in the heating high-pressure container makes it produce required inner high voltage in the forming process, is about to high temperature furnace and places the high-pressure bottle outside, sees through the high-pressure bottle wall working water in the container is heated; 2. have two high-pressure bottles and two high temperature furnaces, promptly two pressure sources apply inner high voltage from the tubing two ends to tube wall respectively; 3. pressure source (high-pressure bottle, high temperature furnace) is placed apart with mould, and mould is metal material mould (as the stainless steel material mould); 4. required inner high voltage is to be produced by the high-temperature water in the high-pressure bottle (supercritical water) in the forming process, and is transmitted in the pipe via the high-pressure metal pipeline; 5. compare with interior heating, the high-pressure tightness of this equipment is good, but the tensile strength of high-pressure bottle wall is relatively low, thereby causes the operating temperature of working water in the high-pressure bottle and operating pressure relatively low; 6. this equipment not only can processing thin-walled, low intensive metal pipe material (as copper, aluminium alloy etc.), the heavy wall that also can be shaped, high-intensity metal pipe material (as titanium alloy, carbon steel, and stainless steel etc.); 7. this equipment not only can be processed the hollow parts that axis is a straight line, and axis is the hollow parts of curve, and the light body member of the hollow variable cross-section that can be shaped (seeing Fig. 4 A and 4B); 8. this equipment not only can be processed as simple reducing tubular metal member of form such as circle, ellipses, the reducing tubular metal member (seeing Fig. 5 A, 5B, 5C and 5D) that the form that also can be shaped is comparatively complicated.
The 6th content of the present invention is a kind of pressure conduction external heating metal pipe material height-middle temperature ultra high water pressure once-forming method
Be characterized in, utilize the inner high voltage that is produced by hot operation water in the high-pressure bottle, inner high voltage is delivered in the tubing blank cavity, expansion tubing blank wall and the required inner high voltage of once-forming reducing tubular metal member directly are provided by the high-pressure metal pipeline.Concrete steps (seeing Fig. 8 A, 8B, 8C, 8D and 8E) are as follows:
1. at first with topped up with water in two high-pressure bottles; 2. adopt the sealing of linear sealing or face, have the drift that liquidates of axially extending bore respectively the pipe both ends open to be sealed with two, the other end of drift then usefulness high-pressure metal pipeline links to each other drift with high-pressure bottle; 3. with support tube billet is placed female mould cavities; 4. open the external electrothermal high-temperature stove of high-pressure bottle outside, the temperature that adopts the working water in the outer mode heating high-pressure container that heats extremely to set; 5. when the pressure that is produced by high-temperature water (supercritical water) in the high-pressure bottle reaches predetermined pressure, open high pressure valve, the huge inner high voltage that is produced by high-temperature water in the high-pressure bottle (supercritical water) is transmitted in the tube billet cavity by the high-pressure metal pipeline like this, the wall of expansion tube billet is until the outer surface and the mould inner mould surface basically identical of tube wall; 6. close the high pressure valve at tubing blank two ends, open mould and drift, so just obtain variously not only having formalness but also have the reducing tubular metal member of the double-form of external morphology.
The 7th content of the present invention is a kind of heat conduction external heating metal pipe material height-middle temperature ultra high water pressure once-forming method
Be characterized in, working water outside at first adopting in the mode heating high-pressure container of heating is to high temperature, then by the high-pressure metal pipeline, the high temperature of hot operation water in the high-pressure bottle is delivered in the metal stock cavity water, to high temperature, produce expansion tubing blank wall and the required inner high voltage (see figure 7) of once-forming reducing tubular metal member with the water in the heat conducting mode indirect tube billet cavity.Concrete steps are as follows:
1. at first be with topped up with water in two high-pressure bottles, also topped up with water in the tube billet cavity; 2. adopt the sealing of linear sealing or face, have the drift that liquidates of axially extending bore respectively the pipe both ends open to be sealed with two, the other end of drift then usefulness high-pressure metal pipeline links to each other drift with high-pressure bottle; 3. with support tube billet is placed female mould cavities; 4. open the external electrothermal high-temperature stove of high-pressure bottle outside, the temperature that adopts the working water in the outer mode heating high-pressure container that heats extremely to set; 5. the high temperature that is produced by hot operation water in the high-pressure bottle is transmitted in the tube billet cavity water by the high-pressure metal pipeline, water in the indirect tubing is to high temperature, when the pressure that is produced when this hot operation water (supercritical water) surpasses the tension force that tube wall can bear, the expansion tube wall makes its distortion, until the outer surface and the mould inner mould surface basically identical of tube wall; 6. stop heating, the extremely safe temperature of metal parts that reduces furnace temperature and processed; 7. open mould and drift, so just obtain various reducing tubular metal member.
Identical with traditional hydroforming, this method not only can be processed the part that axis is a straight line, and the axis that can be shaped is the part of curve.Its method is the shape that pipe is bent to earlier requirement on CNC tube bending machine, adds a certain amount of water (or not adding water) then and is also sealed, and is put into to heat the required part that is shaped in the female mold again.This technology is applicable to the hollow unit that manufacturing has the different cross section shape along the member axis, and cross sectional shape can be circle, rectangle or profiled-cross-section.For the variable cross-section hollow unit, conventional fabrication processes is generally and strikes out 2 half sheets of shape earlier and be welded into integrated member again.The characteristics of hydroforming are to be shaped along the vicissitudinous hollow unit in member axis cross section by Integratively.Compare with the punching press welding procedure, the major advantage of hydroforming is to alleviate quality, economical with materials; Reduce the quantity of part and mould, reduced die cost and production cost; Product strength and rigidity have been improved.
The present invention is the residing state of metal from pressure mechanism of production, shaping medium, forming process no matter, and still all different with at present traditional hydroforming technology and equipment from the element of installation, it is a kind of brand-new technology and method.This method with the difference of conventional hydroforming maximum is: 1. pressure mechanism of production (or source pressure) is different.The mechanical pressure of source pressure in hydraulic pump in the conventional hydroforming process, and the huge static pressure that the source pressure in this method is at high temperature produced in water itself; 2. shaping medium difference.The conventional hydraulic shaping medium is normal temperature liquid (water or an oil), and the shaping medium among the present invention is superhigh-pressure high-temp water (being supercritical water), but not traditional liquid; 3. the residing state difference of metal stock in the forming process, metal stock is a dilatancy under the low temperature rigid state in the common hydroforming process, and metal stock is a dilatancy under the high-temp plastic state in this method; 4. former that is caused thus and processing method are also different.
In addition, compare with traditional hydroforming, this method has following several respects advantage: 1. cost is low, and the capital equipment assembly is high-pressure bottle, high temperature furnace and female mold; 2. the working pressure wide ranges can vary continuously to 1.5 ten thousand atmospheric pressure from tens atmospheric pressure always, even higher; 3. supercharging is very easy to, as long as the water in the tubing blank is heated to 200 ℃, 500 ℃, 1000 ℃, the water in the pipe just can produce 300MPa, 800MPa, 1800Mpa inner high voltage; 4. institute's processing component wall quality is comparatively even, because the metal pipe is to expand under high temperature is bordering on mecystasis, so as long as condition is calculated and control is suitable, outer surface of tube wall is owing to the fan-shaped microfissure that is produced that expands just can be avoided or be reduced; 5. can process the difficult tubular metal member (as titanium alloy) that is shaped of high strength, and the heavy wall tubular metal member, because of being is shaped under the elevated temperature heat state.
4. description of drawings
Figure 1A is at high temperature produced the immense pressure schematic diagram by water
The canister that will be full of the sealing of water (being that packing density is 100%) is heated to 200 ℃, 500 ℃ and 1000 ℃ respectively, and the water in the container will produce the inner high voltage of nearly 200MPa, 800MPa, 1800MPa.
Figure 1B-1 titanium, molybdenum alloy autoclave expand and rupture diagram (A) under the inner high voltage effect that 350 ℃ of high-temperature water produce
Kettle wall thickness and boss ratio (external diameter 48mm, internal diameter 8mm, boss ratio 1: 6) are (B)
Figure 1B-2 stainless steel autoclave is expansion plans (A) under the inner high voltage effect that 480 ℃ of high-temperature water produce
Kettle wall thickness and boss ratio (external diameter 60mm, internal diameter 8mm, boss ratio 1: 7.5) are (B)
Fig. 2 is a tubing superhigh-pressure high-temp hydraulic pressure once shaping technology schematic diagram of the present invention
Along with the temperature of working water increases gradually, also increasing by the pressure that high-temperature water (supercritical water) is produced, the degree that metal parts expands also increases gradually.
A-normal temperature is not out of shape; B-low temperature initial bubble; Warm medium expansion among the c-;
The complete expansion of d-high temperature.
Fig. 3 is HTHP tubing hydroforming principle of the present invention and step schematic diagram
A-adds water, descending patrix; The b-sealing; The c-heating is shaped; The up patrix of d-is opened sealing punch, takes out the reducing tubular metal member.
The light body member of the hollow variable cross-section of Fig. 4 A (hollow multidiameter) schematic diagram
A-machined member; B-high temperature internal high pressure forming member
Fig. 4 B axis is the hollow unit of curve variable cross-section
Fig. 5 A die cavity is leg-of-mutton tubular metal member once-forming process schematic diagram
Fig. 5 B die cavity is square tubular metal member once-forming process schematic diagram
Fig. 5 C die cavity is I-shaped tubular metal member once-forming process schematic diagram
Fig. 5 D die cavity is pentagonal tubular metal member once-forming process schematic diagram
Fig. 6 is outer heating height of the present invention-middle temperature high pressure tubing fluid power once-forming equipment and main member schematic diagram
The 1-high-pressure bottle; 2-external electrothermal high-temperature stove; The 3-furnace shell; The 4-working water; 5-high-pressure metal pipeline; The 6-muff; The 7-high pressure valve; 8-seals the drift that liquidates; 9-tubing blank support; The 10-metal ferrules; 11-tubing blank; The 12-female mold; The 13-mold shell; 15-mould fixed support; The 16-Temperature-controlled appliance; 17-mould open/close control appliance; 18-blank support and the sealing drift that liquidates moves axially control appliance.
Fig. 7 is the outer heating of a heat conduction of the present invention height-middle temperature high pressure tubing fluid power once-forming schematic diagram
With topped up with water all in high-pressure bottle and the tube billet, adopt heat conducting mode to heat water in the tube billet to high temperature, make it produce expansion tube wall and form the required inner high voltage of reducing tubular metal member.
The outer heating of Fig. 8 A pressure conduction height-middle temperature high pressure tubing fluid power once-forming step schematic diagram
The tubing blank is cut and preprocessing, make it meet the present device processing request; With topped up with water in the high-pressure bottle.
The outer heating of Fig. 8 B pressure conduction height-middle temperature high pressure tubing fluid power once-forming step schematic diagram
With the taper that axially extending bore the is arranged drift that liquidates tubing blank openend is sealed, the tubing blank is placed on the blank support, and place in the female mould cavities, descending patrix.The tubing blank is in not deformation state of low temperature among the figure.
The outer heating of Fig. 8 C pressure conduction height-middle temperature high pressure tubing fluid power once-forming step schematic diagram
Open the electrothermal high-temperature stove of high-pressure bottle outside, the temperature programming high temperature furnace is to predetermined temperature, and along with the rising of furnace temperature, the pressure that is produced by high-temperature water (supercritical water) in the high-pressure bottle also increases rapidly.When acquiring a certain degree by the pressure that high-temperature water produced in the high-pressure bottle, open high pressure valve, provide the expansion vessel blank needed inner high voltage.Tube billet is in the initial bubble state among the figure.
The outer heating of Fig. 8 D pressure conduction height-middle temperature high pressure tubing fluid power once-forming step schematic diagram
Along with the operating temperature and the operating pressure of working water in the high-pressure bottle further raises, the wall of tubing blank continues dilatancy, until the surperficial basically identical of its outer surface and female mold internal mold.Metal blank is in high temperature complete expansion state among the figure.
The outer heating of Fig. 8 E pressure conduction height-middle temperature high pressure tubing fluid power once-forming step schematic diagram
Close high pressure valve, stop in the tubing blank, providing pressure, when the metal parts of being processed is reduced to safe temperature, open mould and drift and take out the reducing tubular metal member of being processed.
5. detailed description of preferred embodiment
The field that this method and technology are suitable for is very wide, it not only can be used for automobile (motorcycle) industry, mechanical industry, light industry, also can be used for naval vessel industry (especially submarine), aircraft industry, aerospace industry (as all kinds of missile airframes etc.) and weapon industry etc.
This is a preferred embodiment with oval (or circular) reducing tubular metal member temporarily, described in specific implementation method and procedure of processing such as Fig. 8 A-8E.
Claims (10)
1. huge static pressure of utilizing water at high temperature to be produced, the technology of a hydroforming reducing tubular metal member.The present invention is based on the state equation of water, p-V-T graph of a relation and following two groups of superhigh-pressure high-temp thermal simulation experiment results of water.
Technical characterstic is that inner high voltage required in the forming process derives from the immense pressure that water is at high temperature produced.According to the p-V-T graph of a relation of water and the state equation of water, the density of water changes and changes along with temperature and pressure, and when increased pressure, the density of fluid can change to the density value of liquid water continuously from the density value of steam.At high temperature, during as 200 ℃, 500 ℃ and 1000 ℃, keep the density (1g/cm of water under the normal temperature and pressure
3), required external pressure will reach 0.3GPa, 0.8GPa, 1.82GPa respectively.In other words, be heated to 200 ℃, 500 ℃ and 1000 ℃ respectively if will be full of the canister of the sealing of water (being that packing density is 100%), water in the container will produce the pressure of nearly 0.3GPa, 0.8GPa, 1.82GPa, and stepless action in around on the chamber wall.We utilize this characteristic of water to carry out the once-forming of reducing tubular metal member just.Promptly utilize working water in the heat conducting mode indirect tubing blank to high temperature, rising along with water temperature, also increase sharply by the pressure that high-temperature water produced in the tube billet, when pressure that high-temperature water produced surpasses the tension force that tube wall can bear, the wall of expansion tubing blank makes its distortion, this moment is if controlled with female mold, just obtains variously not only having formalness but also have the reducing tubular metal member of the double-form of external morphology.The huge inner high voltage that water at high temperature can produce the tube billet that is used for expanding can be confirmed from following two groups of high temperature and pressure experiments.
One group is that external diameter with topped up with water (about 6-7 drips) is 48mm, internal diameter is 8mm, boss ratio is that 1: 6 Rene41 titanium maxter alloy autoclave is sealed by the taper chock plug, puts into the tube furnace by temperature controller control then, and Jia Re mode heats up gradually by pre-set program in addition.When furnace temperature rises to 350 ℃, find to make the outside also breach of explosion long 27mm, a wide 11mm that expands of this titanium maxter alloy autoclave body by the huge inner high voltage that high-temperature water produced of kettle inside; Second group of experimental technique is identical with first group, the external diameter that is about to topped up with water (about 8-9 drips) is 60mm, internal diameter is 8mm, boss ratio is that two stainless steel autoclave bodies of 1: 7.5 are sealed by the taper chock plug, put into tube furnace then, Jia Re mode heats up gradually by the program that pre-sets in addition.When furnace temperature rises to 450 ℃ and 480 ℃, cause two stainless steel autoclave bodies all outwards to expand by the huge inner high voltage that high-temperature water produced of autoclave inside, the 60mm of kettle external diameter before by experiment dilatancy respectively is 63.1mm and 64.3mm.This phenomenon by we utilize aqueous medium at high temperature the huge static pressure of generation, the once-forming that carries out the reducing tubular metal member provides foundation.
The present invention and at present conventional hydroforming maximum different have 3 points: 1. pressure mechanism of production (or source pressure) difference.Source pressure mechanical pressure in hydraulic pump in the conventional hydroforming process, and the inner high voltage among the present invention derives from the huge static pressure that the working water in the high-pressure bottle is at high temperature produced; 2. shaping medium difference.Shaping medium in the conventional hydroforming process is normal temperature liquid (water or an oil), and the shaping medium among the present invention is superhigh-pressure high-temp water (supercritical water), but not traditional liquid; 3. the residing state difference of metal stock in the forming process.Metal material is a dilatancy under the low temperature rigid state in the conventional hydroforming process, and metal stock is to be bordering on dilatancy under the state of plasticity at high temperature among the present invention; 4. former assembly that is caused thus and processing method are also different.Conventional hydraulic forming equipment mainly is made up of hydraulic pump, mould and metal stock, and present device mainly comprises high-temperature high-pressure apparatus (high-pressure bottle+external high temperature furnace) (inner high voltage generation equipment), former (metal material mould) and heat conduction (or pressure conduction) equipment (high-pressure metal pipeline+muff).
2. an outer heating and produce the technology and the assembly of inner high voltage (high temperature).Be about to high temperature furnace and place high-pressure bottle outside (external electrothermal high-temperature stove), see through the high-pressure bottle wall from the outside and indirectly the working water the high-pressure bottle is heated, make it produce the technology of required inner high voltage in the forming process.Bulk temperature is identical when adding the work of thermal capacitance device, because the intensity of container material obviously reduces under the hot conditions, so the operating pressure of outer heating high-pressure container and operating temperature are relatively low.
Present technique mainly is made up of high-pressure bottle, external electrothermal high-temperature stove, working water three parts.
One kind with the working water in the heat conducting mode indirect tube billet cavity to high temperature, produce the technology and the assembly of expansion tubing blank wall and the required inner high voltage of once-forming reducing tubular metal member.
It is characterized by, at first with topped up with water all in high-pressure bottle and the tube billet, adopt working water in the external heating mode heating high-pressure container to high temperature then, with the high-temperature water in the high-pressure bottle is thermal source, utilize the temperature difference between the water at low temperature in the high-temperature water and metal stock in the high-pressure bottle, by connecting the high-pressure metal pipeline between high-pressure bottle and the pipe, in heat conducting mode, the high temperature of working water in the high-pressure bottle is transmitted in the metal stock cavity water, water in the indirect metal stock cavity makes the technology of the required inner high voltage of its generation expansion pipe wall and once-forming reducing tubular metal member to high temperature.
Present technique mainly comprises high-pressure bottle, external electrothermal high-temperature stove, high-pressure metal pipeline, tubing blank and five basic modules of working water.
This technology makes high temperature furnace and mould placed apart, thereby the range of choice of mold materials is broadened, and both can use resistant to elevated temperatures ceramic material mould, also can use metal material mould (as stainless steel mould).
Hot conduction technique is fit to wider range of processing, and it not only is suitable for, and the shaped cavity volume is big, degrees of expansion is big, intensity is high, the reducing tubular metal member of wall thickness, also is suitable for processing thin-walled, low-intensity, reducing tubular metal member that degrees of expansion is little.
4. the mode with the pressure conduction directly provides expansion tubing blank wall, and the technology and the assembly of the required inner high voltage of once-forming reducing tubular metal member.
Be characterized in, at first with topped up with water in the high-pressure bottle, working water in the mode heating high-pressure container that passes through then to heat outward is to high temperature, when the pressure that is produced by high-temperature water (supercritical water) reaches predetermined pressure, open the high pressure valve between high-pressure bottle and the metal stock, be transmitted in the cavity of tubing blank via the high-pressure metal pipeline by the huge inner high voltage that high-temperature water produced in the high-pressure bottle like this, the wall of expansion pipe makes its distortion, until the outer surface of the tube billet technology with the surperficial basically identical of mould inner mould.
Present technique mainly comprises high-pressure bottle, external electrothermal high-temperature stove, high-pressure metal pipeline, high-pressure stop valve, tubing blank and six basic modules of working water.
With respect to the heat conduction, pressure conduction manufacturing process, tubing blank lower for those forming pressures or that cavity is less or degrees of expansion is less or intensity is lower or wall is thin is comparatively suitable.
5. external heating metal pipe material height-middle temperature ultra high water pressure once-forming equipment.This equipment comprises four most of 18 basic modules, and first is high-temperature high-pressure apparatus (pressure source): comprise two high-pressure bottles (1), two external electrothermal high-temperature stoves (2) and furnace shell (3), working water (4); Second portion is temperature (or pressure) transmission equipment: comprise high-pressure metal pipeline (5) and muff (6), high pressure valve (7); Third part is a former: comprise female mold (12) and housing (13), mould fixed support (15), tubing blank support (9), tubing blank (11), seal liquidate drift (8), metal ferrules (10); The 4th part is a control appliance, comprises Temperature-controlled appliance (2,16), mould open/close control appliance (14,17), and tubing support and the sealing drift that liquidates moves axially control appliance (9,18).
Equipment characteristic: 1. adopt the mode of outer heating, the working water in the heating high-pressure container makes it produce required inner high voltage in the forming process to high temperature, is about to high temperature furnace and places the high-pressure bottle outside, sees through chamber wall the working water in the container is heated; 2. have two high-pressure bottles and two high temperature furnaces, promptly two pressure sources apply inner high voltage from the tubing two ends to tube wall respectively; 3. pressure source (high temperature furnace and high-pressure bottle) is placed apart with mould, and mould is metal material mould (as the stainless steel material mould); 4. required inner high voltage is to be produced by the high-temperature water in the high-pressure bottle (supercritical water) in the forming process, and is transmitted in the tubing cavity via the high-pressure metal pipeline; 5. the high-pressure tightness of equipment is good, but the tensile strength of high-pressure bottle wall is relatively low.
6. a pressure conducts external heating metal pipe material height-middle temperature ultra high water pressure once-forming method
Be characterized in, utilize the inner high voltage that is produced by hot operation water in the high-pressure bottle, inner high voltage is delivered in the tubing blank cavity, expansion tubing blank wall and the required inner high voltage of once-forming reducing tubular metal member directly are provided by the high-pressure metal pipeline.Concrete steps are as follows:
1. at first with topped up with water in two high-pressure bottles; 2. adopt the sealing of linear sealing or face, have the drift that liquidates of axially extending bore respectively the pipe both ends open to be sealed with two, the other end of drift then usefulness high-pressure metal pipeline links to each other drift with high-pressure bottle; 3. with support tube billet is placed female mould cavities; 4. open the external electrothermal high-temperature stove of high-pressure bottle outside, the temperature that adopts the working water in the outer mode heating high-pressure container that heats extremely to set; 5. when the pressure that is produced by high-temperature water (supercritical water) in the high-pressure bottle reaches predetermined pressure, open high pressure valve, be transmitted in the tube billet cavity by the high-pressure metal pipeline by the huge inner high voltage that high-temperature water produced in the high-pressure bottle like this, the wall of expansion tube billet is until the outer surface and the mould inner mould surface basically identical of tube wall; 6. close the high pressure valve at tubing blank two ends, open mould and drift, so just obtain variously not only having formalness but also have the reducing tubular metal member of the double-form of external morphology.
7. a heat is conducted external heating metal pipe material height-middle temperature ultra high water pressure once-forming method
Be characterized in, working water outside at first adopting in the mode heating high-pressure container of heating is to high temperature, then by the high-pressure metal pipeline, the high temperature of hot operation water in the high-pressure bottle is delivered in the metal stock cavity water, to high temperature, produce expansion tubing blank wall and the required inner high voltage of once-forming reducing tubular metal member with the water in the heat conducting mode indirect tube billet cavity.Concrete steps are as follows:
1. at first be with topped up with water in two high-pressure bottles, also topped up with water in the tube billet cavity; 2. adopt the sealing of linear sealing or face, have the drift that liquidates of axially extending bore respectively the pipe both ends open to be sealed with two, the other end of drift then usefulness high-pressure metal pipeline links to each other drift with high-pressure bottle; 3. with support tube billet is placed female mould cavities; 4. open the external electrothermal high-temperature stove of high-pressure bottle outside, the temperature that adopts the working water in the outer mode heating high-pressure container that heats extremely to set; 5. the high temperature that is produced by hot operation water in the high-pressure bottle is transmitted in the tube billet cavity water by the high-pressure metal pipeline, water in the indirect tubing is to high temperature, when the pressure that is produced when this hot operation water (supercritical water) surpasses the tension force that tube wall can bear, the expansion tube wall makes its distortion, until the outer surface and the mould inner mould surface basically identical of tube wall; 6. stop heating, the extremely safe temperature of metal parts that reduces furnace temperature and processed; 7. open mould and drift, so just obtain various reducing tubular metal member.
8. the high-temperature high-pressure apparatus described in claim 5.Be pressure generating equipment, comprise high-pressure bottle (1), external electrothermal high-temperature stove (2), furnace shell (3), reach working water (4).Its feature is as follows:
High-pressure bottle assembly (1).It is characterized in that two essentially identical high-pressure bottles apply inner high voltage from the tubing two ends to tube wall respectively, the high-pressure bottle material can be high strength, dystectic titanium alloy, titanium maxter alloy, high-quality stainless steel, tool steel, also can be other high strength, resistant to elevated temperatures alloy material; External container form and external morphology can be circular, square, also can be other high voltage bearing forms; This container can bear the inside water pressure about 0.8GPa for a long time under 500 ℃ of high temperature.In addition, guaranteeing to bear under the prerequisite of 0.8GPa inside water pressure, the high-pressure bottle volume is big as far as possible, and water capacity is many as far as possible, and the degree that metal blank is expanded is just big, thereby enlarges the scope of machined metal parts.
External electrothermal high-temperature stove and furnace shell assembly (2,3).It is characterized by, the electrothermal high-temperature stove places the outside of high-pressure bottle, and the mode of heating to high temperature, makes it produce the required inner high voltage of expansion tube billet through the working water in the chamber wall heating high-pressure container outside adopting.If use high-resistance alloy (as Ni-Cr and Fe-Cr-Al alloy) heating (heating wire or ribbon heater) when the electric furnace operating temperature is lower than 1000 ℃, use electrothermal silicon carbide element (rod or pipe) when operating temperature is 1000-1350 ℃, use platinum, Pt-Rh wire or molybdenum silicide heating (rod or pipe) when 1350-1600 ℃ (being up to 1800 ℃).The intensity of considering the steel of high-pressure bottle or alloy reduces with the rising of temperature, and bulk temperature is identical when adding the work of thermal capacitance device, because the intensity of container material obviously reduces under the hot conditions, so operating pressure and operating temperature are lower.Therefore, the high temperature furnace heating adopts Ni-Cr and Fe-Cr-Al alloy in the outer heating equipment, or electrothermal silicon carbide element gets final product.
Electrothermal high-temperature stove furnace shell (3) is to be processed by sheet metal.
Working water (4) is a light water, and adds a spot of ethylene glycol, to reduce the corrosivity of high-temperature high pressure water (supercritical water) to high-pressure bottle and pipe inwall.Water in the high-pressure bottle is full state, and the water in the tubing blank can be full of, that partly be full of or filling water not, it is fixed that this will look forming pressure height, tubing cavity size, the coefficient of expansion, degrees of expansion size, tubing intensity, the tube billet thickness waits.
9. the temperature described in claim 5 (or pressure) transmission equipment.Comprise high-pressure metal pipeline (5) and muff (6), high pressure valve (7).Its feature is as follows:
High-pressure metal pipeline (5) adopts high-quality stainless steel (1Cr18Ni9Ti) metal pipe line of little boss ratio, and the inside water pressure that can bear 0.8GPa for a long time.Pipeline one end is welded on high-pressure bottle (1), or on the sealing plug (8), the other end then is welded on taper or the globe joint, and joint and high pressure valve (7) then adopt the conical surface-conical surface, the conical surface-ball face sealing based on elastic deformation.This pipeline plays the pressure and temperature conduction, and the high pressure and the high temperature that are about to be produced by high-temperature water (supercritical water) in the high-pressure bottle are transmitted in the pipe cavity, provide the expansion tube wall required inner high voltage.
High-pressure metal pipeline external insulation grip assembly (6) is wound into high-pressure metal pipeline outside for the belt of being done by insulation materials such as resistant to elevated temperatures asbestos, and effect is to guarantee that high temperature thermal loss in the process that is transmitted to tubing blank cavity water of the hot operation water in the high-pressure bottle is as far as possible little.
High pressure valve (7) is by the refining high-pressure stop valve that forms of stainless steel material, and the high pressure valve both sides are processed with the nut that contains the conical surface, and the sealing of needle in the valve (ball) and valve seat is based on elastic deformation, and the two grinds together during manufacturing, the precision prescribed height.High pressure valve and metal pipe line joint adopt the conical surface-conical surface, the conical surface-ball face sealing based on elastic deformation.The effect of valve is will to be sent to tubing blank cavity by the inner high voltage that high-temperature water produced in the high-pressure bottle at any time, directly provides the expansion tube wall required inner high voltage.
10. the former described in claim 6.Comprise female mold (12) and housing (13), mould fixed support (15), tubing blank support (9), tubing blank (11), seal liquidate drift (8), metal ferrules (10).Its feature is as follows:
Die assembly (12) is a metal material (as a stainless steel material) female mold.Mould divides upper and lower (or left and right) two halves, one is semifixed, and second half can free folding and moves and control (14,17) by hydraulic machinery.Upper die and lower die (or left mould and right mould) are female mold, and its internal mold form is according to any machinable form that need be limit, as cucurbit shape, beading, form such as square, circular, oval, trapezoidal.According to needs, upper and lower die cavity form can be identical, symmetry, also can be different, asymmetrical.In addition, in the vertical, mould can be straight line, can be various curve mold as required also.
It is the part of straight line that this method not only is fit to the processing axis, and the axis that can be shaped is the part (as automobile support etc.) of curve.Its method is pipe to be bent to the shape of requirement on CNC tube bending machine earlier, and is placed in the female mould cavities, adopts the processing method of heat conduction (or pressure conduction) then, and once-forming goes out required part.In addition, this technology also is applicable to the hollow unit that manufacturing has the different cross section shape along the member axis, promptly can be shaped along the vicissitudinous hollow unit in member axis cross section by Integratively, and its cross sectional shape can be circle, rectangle or profiled-cross-section etc.
Mould housing assembly (13) is to be processed by thick steel products, tightly is enclosed within mould outside, plays fastening mould, and the impulsive force can bear the tubing thermal expansion time.Box hat matches with female mold (12), about also being divided into (or about) two parts, its folding is controlled (14,17) with moving by hydraulic machinery.
Mould m (15) is to be processed by thick steel products or cast iron, and effect is that counterdie is fixed, and only mobile patrix.
Tubing support (9) is to be processed by thick steel products or cast iron, and is in stationary state, but can utilize hydraulic machinery (9,18) to apply axial compressive force to the tube billet and the drift that liquidates, with feeding feed supplement and sealed tube openend.
Tube billet (11) is all kinds of metal tube material, can be high-intensity titanium alloy, carbon steel, also can be stainless steel, and metal pipe material such as the lower copper of intensity, aluminium alloy.
Tube billet seals the punch-head assembly (8) that liquidates.It is characterized in that this drift has axially extending bore, adopt linear sealing or face sealing with the tube billet openend, the other end of drift then links to each other with high-pressure bottle by the high-pressure metal pipeline, thereby can guarantee that the huge inner high voltage that is produced by hot operation water in the high-pressure bottle can be transmitted in the tube billet cavity by metal pipe line, provides expansion tubing needed inner high voltage.This sealing punch is fixed on the tubing blank support (9), and applies axial compressive force by the drift that liquidates of hydraulic machinery (9,18) to the tube billet two ends, to reach the purpose of sealed tube blank.
Metal ferrules (10) is a kind of metal ferrules that is processed by high temperature resistant, high-strength metal material (as titanium alloy etc.), tightly be enclosed within on the pipe between sealing plug and the mould, its effect is to prevent that pipe from expanding in forming process at first from here, thus limit pipe only female mould cavities in expand.
Except that above-mentioned high-temperature high-pressure apparatus, temperature (pressure) transmission equipment, former, external heating metal pipe material height of the present invention-middle temperature ultra high water pressure once-forming equipment also comprises control appliance, as Temperature-controlled appliance (2,16), the mould open/close control appliance (14,17) and tube billet support and the sealing drift that liquidates move axially mechanical control equipment (9,18).Its feature is as follows:
Temperature-controlled appliance assembly (2,16).Intensification, cooling and constant temperature in order to the control high temperature furnace.Thermocouple has two kinds, and a kind of is nichrome alumino-nickel couple, and temperature measurement accuracy can reach 0.2 ℃; Another kind is a platinum platinum-rhodium thermocouple, and temperature measurement accuracy can reach 0.3 ℃.This Temperature-controlled appliance is a kind of programmable temperature programming controller.
Mould open/close control appliance assembly (14,17).The mode of employing hydraulic machinery control is in order to folding and mobile (counterdie is fixing) of control patrix.And in the tube billet process, mould is applied certain external force, thus make tube billet touch mould in a flash in expansion, can not relatively move between mould up and down.
Tube billet support and sealing punch move axially mechanical control equipment (9,18), and its effect is that the drift that liquidates to the tube billet two ends applies axial compressive force, to reach the purpose of sealed tube blank and feeding feed supplement.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2005100899460A CN1824413A (en) | 2005-08-08 | 2005-08-08 | External heating metal pipe material high-medium temperature ultra high water pressure once shaping technology, method and equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2005100899460A CN1824413A (en) | 2005-08-08 | 2005-08-08 | External heating metal pipe material high-medium temperature ultra high water pressure once shaping technology, method and equipment |
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| CNA2005100899460A Pending CN1824413A (en) | 2005-08-08 | 2005-08-08 | External heating metal pipe material high-medium temperature ultra high water pressure once shaping technology, method and equipment |
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