CN1821746A - On-line detection method for particle counting and fractal dimension of water treatment flocculation effect - Google Patents
On-line detection method for particle counting and fractal dimension of water treatment flocculation effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于环境保护领域，涉及一种水处理检测方法。The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection and relates to a water treatment detection method.
背景技术Background technique
水处理生产过程中，颗粒絮凝的完善程度直接影响着后续处理如沉淀、过滤等工艺单元的处理效果。由于絮凝是灰箱大滞后系统，因此传统的建模方法往往不能及时准确获得絮凝过程的定量信息。已经开发和广泛应用的流动电流检测技术仅适用于电解质类常规混凝剂，尚不能直接用于投加非电解质类高分子絮凝剂的絮凝过程检测。在八十年末出现的透光率脉动检测技术，虽可以在线检测水中颗粒物质的粒径变化，但其技术不成熟，存在原水浊度变化对系统设定值影响较大、系统不稳定及造价较高等缺点。近年来，许多电镜观察发现，水处理絮体介于有序和无序的中间状态，它的外表特征是无规则和复杂的，而其内部特征则是具有自相似性和自仿射性，这正是分形的重要特征。作为一种新兴的絮凝研究手段，分形理论启发了研究人员对絮凝体结构、混凝机理和动力学模型作进一步的认识。但目前研究絮体分形通常是将水中颗粒沉淀在显微镜的载玻片上，用一个反相显微镜观测颗粒的静止影像结构。由于该类方法是静态试验，得出的颗粒尺寸分布偏大，所测的分形维数对采样地的状态不敏感，对于絮体生长、破碎等动态过程不能准确表述，因此不能满足实际水处理生产絮凝投药过程对絮凝效果快速在线检测控制的要求。In the process of water treatment production, the degree of perfection of particle flocculation directly affects the treatment effect of subsequent treatment such as sedimentation, filtration and other process units. Because flocculation is a gray box system with large lag, traditional modeling methods often cannot obtain timely and accurate quantitative information on the flocculation process. The flowing current detection technology that has been developed and widely used is only suitable for conventional electrolytic coagulants, and cannot be directly used for the detection of the flocculation process of adding non-electrolyte polymer flocculants. The light transmittance pulsation detection technology that appeared at the end of the 1980s can detect the particle size change of particulate matter in water online, but its technology is immature, and the change of raw water turbidity has a great influence on the system setting value, the system is unstable and the cost is high. higher disadvantages. In recent years, many electron microscopy observations have found that water treatment flocs are in an intermediate state between order and disorder. Its appearance features are irregular and complex, while its internal features are self-similar and self-affine. This is an important characteristic of fractals. As a new flocculation research method, fractal theory has inspired researchers to further understand the floc structure, coagulation mechanism and dynamic model. However, the current study of floc fractal is usually to deposit the particles in water on the glass slide of the microscope, and observe the still image structure of the particles with an inverse microscope. Because this type of method is a static test, the particle size distribution obtained is too large, and the measured fractal dimension is not sensitive to the state of the sampling site, and cannot accurately describe the dynamic processes such as floc growth and fragmentation, so it cannot meet the actual water treatment requirements. The production flocculation dosing process requires rapid on-line detection and control of the flocculation effect.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了解决常规水处理絮凝效果检测方法不能准确反应水中絮体动态变化过程、滞后时间长、适应范围窄等问题，提供一种水处理絮凝效果颗粒计数分维在线检测方法，该方法突破传统絮凝影像分维检测法的局限，利用颗粒计数仪从水中微絮体颗粒真实大小和数量分布特点出发检测絮凝反应效果，是该领域一种全新的观念与检测手段，将其应用在水处理过程中，可促进絮凝投药工艺的优化控制，具有很高的社会与经济效益。本发明的方法通过以下步骤实现：(1)在水厂静态混合器附近安装在线颗粒计数仪；(2)在静态混合器至反应池入口前的管道上取投药完全混合后的微絮凝水样进行连续检测；(3)设置颗粒计数仪在线检测8个粒径通道，各通道所代表的粒径范围数值为：通道0＝2～10μm、通道1＝10～20μm、通道2＝20～30μm、通道3＝30～40μm、通道4＝40～55μm、通道5＝55～70μm、通道6＝70～85μm、通道7＝85～100μm；(4)取各通道的颗粒数检测值N(粒子数/毫升)：N0、N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6、N7；(5)取各通道所代表的粒径范围上限值H(μm)：H0＝10、H1＝20、H2＝30、H3＝40、H4＝55、H5＝70、H6＝85、H7＝100；(6)取各通道所代表的粒径范围下限值L(μm)：L0＝2、L1＝10、L2＝20、L3＝30、L4＝45、L5＝55、L6＝70、L7＝85；(7)根据各通道所代表的粒径范围上限值H和各通道所代表的粒径范围下限值L进行运算得到各通道粒径中值D，公式为：D0＝(H0+L0)/2、D1＝(H1+L1)/2；D2＝(H2+L2)/2；D3＝(H3+L3)/2；D4＝(H4+L4)/2；D5＝(H5+L5)/2；D6＝(H6+L6)/2；D7＝(H7+L7)/2；(8)各通道的颗粒数检测值N相加，得出在2～100μm粒径范围内的颗粒总数值P为：P＝N0+N1+N2+N3+N4+N5+N6+N7；(9)根据各通道的颗粒数检测值N、各通道粒径中值D和颗粒总数值P进行运算得到平均粒径值M，公式为：M＝(D0×N0+D1×N1+D2×N2+D3×N3+D4×N4+D5×N5+D6×N6+D7×N7)/P；(10)根据各通道粒径中值D、平均粒径值M、各通道的颗粒数检测值N和颗粒总数值P进行运算得到粒径标准偏差值A，公式为：A＝[(D0-M)2×N0+(D1-M)2×N1+(D2-M)2×N2+(D3-M)2×N3+(D4-M)2×N4+(D5-M)2×N5+(D6-M)2×N6+(D7-M)2×N7]1/2(P-1)1/2；(11)根据平均粒径值M和粒径标准偏差值A进行运算得到絮体的计数分形维数值E，公式为：E＝lnM/(lnA)2；(12)取计数分形维数值E值作为检测水处理絮凝效果的评价指标：计数分形维数值E越大，水处理絮凝效果越好，计数分形维数值E越小，水处理絮凝效果越差。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems that conventional water treatment flocculation effect detection methods cannot accurately reflect the dynamic change process of flocs in water, long lag time, narrow adaptability, etc., and provide a water treatment flocculation effect particle counting fractal online detection method. The method breaks through the limitations of the traditional flocculation image fractal dimension detection method, and uses a particle counter to detect the flocculation reaction effect based on the true size and quantity distribution characteristics of micro-floc particles in water. This is a new concept and detection method in this field. In the process of water treatment, it can promote the optimal control of the flocculation and dosing process, and has high social and economic benefits. The method of the present invention is realized through the following steps: (1) Install an on-line particle counter near the static mixer of the water plant; (2) Take the micro-flocculation water sample after the complete mixing of the dosing on the pipeline from the static mixer to the entrance of the reaction tank Carry out continuous detection; (3) set the particle counter to detect 8 particle size channels online, and the particle size range values represented by each channel are: channel 0 = 2 ~ 10 μm, channel 1 = 10 ~ 20 μm, channel 2 = 20 ~ 30 μm , channel 3 = 30-40 μm, channel 4 = 40-55 μm, channel 5 = 55-70 μm, channel 6 = 70-85 μm, channel 7 = 85-100 μm; (4) take the particle number detection value N (particle number/ml): N 0 , N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4 , N 5 , N 6 , N 7 ; (5) Take the upper limit value H (μm) of the particle size range represented by each channel: H 0 =10, H 1 =20, H 2 =30, H 3 =40, H 4 =55, H 5 =70, H 6 =85, H 7 =100; (6) Take the particle size represented by each channel Range lower limit L (μm): L 0 =2, L 1 =10, L 2 =20, L 3 =30, L 4 =45, L 5 =55, L 6 =70, L 7 =85; ( 7) Calculate according to the upper limit value H of the particle size range represented by each channel and the lower limit value L of the particle size range represented by each channel to obtain the median value D of the particle size range of each channel, the formula is: D 0 =(H 0 +L 0 )/2, D 1 =(H 1 +L 1 )/2; D 2 =(H 2 +L 2 )/2; D 3 =(H 3 +L 3 )/2; D 4 =(H 4 +L 4 )/2; D 5 =(H 5 +L 5 )/2; D 6 =(H 6 +L 6 )/2; D 7 =(H 7 +L 7 )/2; (8) each The particle number detection value N of the channel is added, and the total particle value P within the particle size range of 2 to 100 μm is obtained: P=N 0 +N 1 +N 2 +N 3 +N 4 +N 5 +N 6 + N 7 ; (9) According to the particle number detection value N of each channel, the median particle diameter D of each channel and the total particle value P, the average particle diameter value M is obtained by calculation, and the formula is: M=(D 0 ×N 0 +D 1 ×N 1 +D 2 ×N 2 +D 3 ×N 3 +D 4 ×N 4 +D 5 ×N 5 +D 6 ×N 6 +D 7 ×N 7 )/P; (10) according to each channel The particle size median value D, the average particle size value M, the particle number detection value N of each channel and the total particle value P are calculated to obtain the particle size standard deviation value A, the formula is: A=[(D 0 -M) 2 ×N 0 +(D 1 -M) 2 ×N 1 +(D 2 -M) 2 ×N 2 +(D 3 -M) 2 ×N 3 +(D 4 -M) 2 ×N 4 +(D 5 - M) 2 ×N 5 +(D 6 -M) 2 ×N 6 +(D 7 -M) 2 ×N 7 ] 1/2 (P-1) 1/2 ; (11) According to the average particle size M Calculate with the particle size standard deviation value A to obtain the counting fractal dimension value E of floc, the formula is: E=lnM/(lnA) 2 ; (12) get the counting fractal dimension value E value as the evaluation index for detecting the flocculation effect of water treatment : The larger the counting fractal dimension value E is, the better the water treatment flocculation effect is, and the smaller the counting fractal dimension value E is, the worse the water treatment flocculation effect is.
实验发现，水处理工艺投药完全混合后管道内微絮体颗粒分布具有很好的统计自相似性，具有分形结构，反映微絮体分形结构特点的计数分形维数值E可以通过与平均粒径值M和粒径标准偏差值A的函数关系计算得出。计数分形维数值E与水处理絮凝效果存在良好的相关性，因此可以作为检测水处理絮凝效果的评价指标。本发明利用简易可行的颗粒计数法来计算微絮体的分形维数，将其作为检测水处理絮凝效果的评价指标，极大地缩短了检测滞后时间，增强了水处理投药控制系统的动态特性，从而可大幅提高水质保证率，延长滤池反冲洗周期和滤料寿命，并可提高产水率。Experiments have found that the distribution of micro-floc particles in the pipeline after the water treatment process is completely mixed has good statistical self-similarity and has a fractal structure. The functional relationship between M and the particle size standard deviation value A is calculated. There is a good correlation between the value of counting fractal dimension E and the flocculation effect of water treatment, so it can be used as an evaluation index to detect the flocculation effect of water treatment. The invention uses a simple and feasible particle counting method to calculate the fractal dimension of the microfloc, and uses it as an evaluation index for detecting the flocculation effect of water treatment, which greatly shortens the detection lag time and enhances the dynamic characteristics of the water treatment dosing control system. Thus, the water quality guarantee rate can be greatly improved, the backwash cycle of the filter tank and the life of the filter material can be extended, and the water production rate can be increased.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明检测方法的流程图。Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the detection method of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
具体实施方式一：如图1所示，本实施方式按照如下方法在线检测水处理絮凝效果：(1)在水厂静态混合器附近安装在线颗粒计数仪；(2)在静态混合器至反应池入口前的管道上取投药完全混合后的微絮凝水样进行连续检测；(3)设置颗粒计数仪在线检测8个粒径通道，各通道所代表的粒径范围数值为：通道0＝2～10μm、通道1＝10～20μm、通道2＝20～30μm、通道3＝30～40μm、通道4＝40～55μm、通道5＝55～70μm、通道6＝70～85μm、通道7＝85～100μm；(4)取各通道的颗粒数检测值N(粒子数/毫升)：N0、N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6、N7；(5)取各通道所代表的粒径范围上限值H(μm)：H0＝10、H1＝20、H2＝30、H3＝40、H4＝55、H5＝70、H6＝85、H7＝100；(6)取各通道所代表的粒径范围下限值L(μm)：L0＝2、L1＝10、L2＝20、L3＝30、L4＝45、L5＝55、L6＝70、L7＝85；(7)根据各通道所代表的粒径范围上限值H和各通道所代表的粒径范围下限值L进行运算得到各通道粒径中值D，公式为：D0＝(H0+L0)/2、D1＝(H1+L1)/2；D2＝(H2+L2)/2；D3＝(H3+L3)/2；D4＝(H4+L4)/2；D5＝(H5+L5)/2；D6＝(H6+L6)/2；D7＝(H7+L7)/2；(8)各通道的颗粒数检测值N相加，得出在2～100μm粒径范围内的颗粒总数值P为：P＝N0+N1+N2+N3+N4+N5+N6+N7；(9)根据各通道的颗粒数检测值N、各通道粒径中值D和颗粒总数值P进行运算得到平均粒径值M，公式为：M＝(D0×N0+D1×N1+D2×N2+D3×N3+D4×N4+D5×N5+D6×N6+D7×N7)/P；(10)根据各通道粒径中值D、平均粒径值M、各通道的颗粒数检测值N和颗粒总数值P进行运算得到粒径标准偏差值A，公式为：A＝[(D0-M)2×N0+(D1-M)2×N1+(D2-M)2×N2+(D3-M)2×N3+(D4-M)2×N4+(D5-M)2×N5+(D6-M)2×N6+(D7-M)2×N7]1/2(P-1)1/2；(11)根据平均粒径值M和粒径标准偏差值A进行运算得到絮体的计数分形维数值E，公式为：E＝lnM/(lnA)2；(12)取计数分形维数值E值作为检测水处理絮凝效果的评价指标：计数分形维数值E越大，水处理絮凝效果越好，计数分形维数值E越小，水处理絮凝效果越差。Specific embodiment one: As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment detects the flocculation effect of water treatment online according to the following method: (1) Install an online particle counter near the static mixer of the water plant; The micro-flocculation water sample after the dosing is completely mixed is taken from the pipeline in front of the entrance for continuous detection; (3) The particle counter is set up to detect 8 particle size channels online, and the particle size range value represented by each channel is: channel 0=2～ 10 μm, channel 1 = 10-20 μm, channel 2 = 20-30 μm, channel 3 = 30-40 μm, channel 4 = 40-55 μm, channel 5 = 55-70 μm, channel 6 = 70-85 μm, channel 7 = 85-100 μm ; (4) Take the particle number detection value N (particle number/ml) of each channel: N 0 , N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4 , N 5 , N 6 , N 7 ; (5) Take each channel The upper limit H (μm) of the particle size range represented: H 0 =10, H 1 =20, H 2 =30, H 3 =40, H 4 =55, H 5 =70, H 6 =85, H 7 =100; (6) Take the lower limit value L (μm) of the particle size range represented by each channel: L 0 =2, L 1 =10, L 2 =20, L 3 =30, L 4 =45, L 5 = 55, L 6 = 70, L 7 = 85; (7) Calculate the particle size of each channel according to the upper limit value H of the particle size range represented by each channel and the lower limit value L of the particle size range represented by each channel The median D, the formula is: D 0 =(H 0 +L 0 )/2, D 1 =(H 1 +L 1 )/2; D 2 =(H 2 +L 2 )/2; D 3 =( H 3 +L 3 )/2; D 4 =(H 4 +L 4 )/2; D 5 =(H 5 +L 5 )/2; D 6 =(H 6 +L 6 )/2; D 7 =(H 7 +L 7 )/2; (8) Add the detected particle number N of each channel, and obtain the total particle value P within the particle size range of 2-100 μm: P=N 0 +N 1 + N 2 +N 3 +N 4 +N 5 +N 6 +N 7 ; (9) Calculate the average particle size value according to the particle number detection value N of each channel, the median value D of each channel particle size and the total particle value P M, the formula is: M＝(D 0 ×N 0 +D 1 ×N 1 +D 2 ×N 2 +D 3 ×N 3 +D 4 ×N 4 +D 5 ×N 5 +D 6 ×N 6 + D 7 ×N 7 )/P; (10) Calculate the particle size standard deviation value A according to the median particle size D of each channel, the average particle size value M, the particle number detection value N of each channel and the total particle value P, The formula is: A＝[(D 0 -M) 2 ×N 0 +(D 1 -M) 2 ×N 1 +(D 2 -M) 2 ×N 2 +(D 3 -M) 2 ×N 3 + (D 4 -M) 2 ×N 4 +(D 5 -M) 2 ×N 5 +(D 6 -M) 2 ×N 6 +(D 7 -M) 2 ×N 7 ] 1/2 (P- 1) 1/2 ; (11) calculate and obtain the counting fractal dimension value E of the floc according to the average particle diameter value M and the particle diameter standard deviation value A, the formula is: E=lnM/(lnA) 2 ; (12) take The counting fractal dimension E value is used as an evaluation index to detect the flocculation effect of water treatment: the larger the counting fractal dimension E, the better the water treatment flocculation effect, and the smaller the counting fractal dimension E, the worse the water treatment flocculation effect.
本实施方式中所述在线颗粒计数仪可选用美国哈希公司(HACH)制造的2200PCX型或美国Chemtrac公司制造的PC2400D型在线颗粒计数仪，取样流速均为100mL/min。The on-line particle counter in this embodiment can be 2200PCX manufactured by American Hach Company (HACH) or PC2400D manufactured by American Chemtrac Company, and the sampling flow rate is 100mL/min.
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| CN110987769A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-10 | 江苏苏净集团有限公司 | Calibration method of liquid particle counter |
| CN116008139A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-04-25 | 华中科技大学 | Evaluation Method and Evaluation System of Fractal Dimension of Particles in Dispersed System |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110987769A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-10 | 江苏苏净集团有限公司 | Calibration method of liquid particle counter |
| CN110987769B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2022-02-18 | 江苏苏净集团有限公司 | Calibration method of liquid particle counter |
| CN116008139A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-04-25 | 华中科技大学 | Evaluation Method and Evaluation System of Fractal Dimension of Particles in Dispersed System |
| US11907331B1 (en) | 2023-03-27 | 2024-02-20 | Huazhong University Of Science And Technology | Method and system for evaluating fractal dimension of particle matter in dispersing system |
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