CN1821069A - Method for preparing hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube - Google Patents
Method for preparing hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN1821069A CN1821069A CN 200610024518 CN200610024518A CN1821069A CN 1821069 A CN1821069 A CN 1821069A CN 200610024518 CN200610024518 CN 200610024518 CN 200610024518 A CN200610024518 A CN 200610024518A CN 1821069 A CN1821069 A CN 1821069A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of material technology, and is especially preparation process of hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nanotube. The present invention prepares carbon nanotube with hydrophilic and lipophilic radical on its surface with carbon nanotube material and through ultrasonically aided purification and introducing polymer to the surface of the carbon nanotube in the presence of initiating agent and proper temperature condition. The hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nanotube has excellent dispersion property in water, organic solvent and polymer base. The preparation process of the present invention is simple, practical, controllable and quantitative. The hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nanotube has excellent has excellent processing performance, and the present invention lays the foundation for the application of carbon nanotube in various fields.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the material technology field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube.
Technical background
Carbon nanotube (CNTs) since being found by Japanese scholar Iijima in 1991, with its distinctive mechanics, electricity and chemical property, unique accurate one dimension tracheary element structure and the many potential using value that is had in following high-tech area become the research focus of chemistry, physics and material science rapidly.
CNTs has very big length-to-diameter ratio, generally greater than 1000.The Young's modulus of CNTs is identical with diamond, and theoretical strength can reach 1.0TPa, is 100 times of steel; The calculated value of carbon nanotube tensile strength is up to 177GPa, far above carbon fiber (2GPa~5GPa), whisker (20GPa) and high-strength steel (1GPa~2GPa).The axial Young's modulus experimental value of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes is 200GPa~4000GPa, and axial bending intensity is 14GPa, and axial compression strength is 100GPa, and has the toughness (theoretical maximum unit elongation can reach 20%) of superelevation, and density only is 1/7 of steel.Carbon nanotube has broad prospects in the application in matrix material, hydrogen storage, electron device, battery, ultracapacitor, Field Emission Display, quantum lead template, electron beam gun and fields such as transmitter and microscope probe.Although carbon nanotube has been obtained significant progress in the applied research of every field, these use desirable in to realize existing very big difficulty.Because the surface energy of CNTs is high, be subjected to great Van der Waals force effect between the tube and tube, make it assemble bunchy easily, and be dissolved in any solvent hardly, therefore be difficult to be distributed in matrices of composite material or the various application system, this is the bottleneck that the restriction carbon nanotube is used.And the key of opening this bottleneck is modified carbon nano tube surface exactly, makes its surface-functionalized, groupization, reduces surface energy, increases surfactivity.Polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) (PVP) and segmented copolymer thereof are a kind of superpolymer with special construction, the methylene radical of pyrrolidone ring is a non-polar group, has lipophilicity, lactan in the molecule is strong polar group, has hydrophilic interaction, so the water-soluble and many organic solvents of its energy, as alkane, alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, chlorinated hydrocarbon etc.Therefore, PVP and segmented copolymer thereof are incorporated into carbon nano tube surface, improve the those skilled in the art's of the dispersing property of carbon nanotube in water, organic solvent and polymeric matrix goal in research.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of carbon nanotube that be used for improving at the hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube of the dispersiveness of water, organic solvent and polymeric matrix.
The preparation method of the hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube that the present invention proposes, method by the physics coating, carbon nano tube surface behind the purifying is reacted, down auxiliary in ultrasonic wave, carbon nano tube surface is introduced to be had hydrophilic and polymkeric substance lipophilic group, obtains the surface and has the carbon nanotube that has better dispersing property in water and organic solvent; Its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) carbon nanotube 1 weight part and organic acid 10~150 weight parts are mixed, with 0~100kHz ultrasonication 0.1~100 hour, heating was reacted 0.1~100 hour under 20~100 ℃ of temperature, with the microfiltration membrane suction filtration then, repetitive scrubbing is repeatedly to neutral, vacuum-drying then, the time is 5~48 hours, temperature is 20~200 ℃, vacuum tightness is 0.1~1KPa, obtains the carbon nanotube of purifying;
(2) purifying carbon nano-tube 1 weight part that step (1) is obtained, amphipathic property polymkeric substance 1~100g, organic solvent 10~250ml and be that 0.2%~2.0% initiator places the single port flask to mix stirring with the carbon nanotube mass ratio, 0~100kHz ultra-sonic oscillation 0.1~100 hour, under 50~150 ℃ of temperature, refluxed 2~100 hours then; With the reaction solution vacuum filtration that obtains, the washing of gained powder, suction filtration are removed fully until the free polymkeric substance, vacuum-drying 2~20 hours, and the time is 20~180 ℃, vacuum tightness is 0.1~1KPa, obtains hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube.
Among the present invention, described amphipathic property polymkeric substance is a Polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP), the segmented copolymer of tert-butyl methacrylate and vinyl pyrrolidone, the segmented copolymer of p-chloromethyl styrene and vinyl pyrrolidone, ethylene glycol and methacrylic acid segmented copolymer, ethylene glycol and caprolactone segmented copolymer, ethylene glycol and styrene block copolymer, methyl methacrylate and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl Padil segmented copolymer, in methyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methylacrylate segmented copolymer or vinylbenzene and the N-butyl methyl acrylamide segmented copolymer etc. any.
Among the present invention, described carbon nanotube can adopt single wall or the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes by the preparation of methods such as arc discharge method, chemical Vapor deposition process and laser evaporation.
The present invention, described organic acid is a kind of in the nitric acid of 1~30% weight acid concentration, the sulfuric acid of 1~50% weight acid concentration or the hydrochloric acid of 0.1~40% weight acid concentration etc.
Among the present invention, described organic solvent is a kind of in water, ethanol, propylene glycol, acetone or the chloroform etc.
Among the present invention, described initiator is a kind of in dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO), the own ester of peroxy dicarbonate dihexyl (EHP), Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (AIBN) or the 2,2'-Azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (ABVN) etc.
Utilize of the application of the hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube of the inventive method acquisition in fields such as matrix material, hydrogen storage, electron device, transmitter, biomaterials.
The hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube that utilizes the inventive method to obtain can detect by certain detection means, as adopting TGA, XPS or nuclear magnetic resonance method etc.
Preparation method provided by the invention is simple, has the characteristics of controllability and quantification; The surface of gained has the carbon nanotube of quantitative amphiphilic polymkeric substance, in water, organic solvent and polymeric matrix, show good dispersiveness, improved the workability of carbon nanotube greatly, for carbon nanotube has been paved road in the application in fields such as matrix material, hydrogen storage, electron device, transmitter, biomaterial.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of original position synthesis hydrophilic lipophilic carbon nano tube infrared tube spectrogram.Wherein, (a) purifying carbon nano-tube, (b) hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube, (c) PVP.
Fig. 2 is a kind of original position synthesis hydrophilic lipophilic carbon nano tube thermogravimetric analysis curve.(a) purifying carbon nano-tube wherein, (b) hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube, (c) PVP.
Embodiment
The following examples are to further specify of the present invention, rather than limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1: with the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of catalytic pyrolysis method preparation (OD<8nm) be an initial raw material, pass through purifying after, under the ultrasonic wave booster action, then obtain the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that Polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) (PVP) contained on the surface.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of churned mechanically 250ml is housed, adding 2g multi-walled carbon nano-tubes raw material and 100mL20% weight concentration salpeter solution mixes, with 40kHz ultrasonication 24 hours, heating and stir and reflux then at 80-90 ℃, reacted 10 hours, then with the poly-inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene microfiltration membrane suction filtration of 0.45 μ m, with deionized water repetitive scrubbing 6-8 time neutrality extremely, 80 ℃ of vacuum-dryings obtain the carbon nanotube of purifying after 24 hours;
Step (2): in churned mechanically 250ml three neck round-bottomed flasks are housed, the purifying carbon nano-tube 0.5g, 100ml chloroform, 20g Polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) (PVP), the 1.0gBPO that add step (1) gained, with the 80Hz ultrasonication after 60 minutes, be heated to 80 ℃, under agitation reacted 24 hours, suction filtration and repetitive scrubbing are removed unreacted polymer, 20 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings 20 hours, obtain the polymer-modified carbon nanotube of amphipathic property.
Fig. 1 has provided hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube infrared tube spectrogram, and carbon nanotube has been introduced the amphipathic property polymkeric substance as can be seen.
Fig. 2 is an original position synthesis hydrophilic lipophilic carbon nano tube thermogravimetric analysis curve, and the amount that can draw carbon nano tube surface introducing amphipathic property polymkeric substance from thermogravimetric curve is 18.5%.
Embodiment 2: with the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of catalytic pyrolysis method preparation (OD<8nm) be an initial raw material, pass through purifying after, under the ultrasonic wave booster action, then obtain the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube that ethylene glycol and caprolactone segmented copolymer are contained in the surface.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of churned mechanically 250ml is housed, add 2g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube raw material and 200mL20% weight concentration salpeter solution, 30kHz ultrasonication 40 hours, heating and stir and reflux then at 30-40 ℃, reacted 90 hours, with the poly-inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene microfiltration membrane suction filtration of 0.45 μ m, to neutrality, 100 ℃ of vacuum-dryings obtain the carbon nanotube of purifying after 16 hours with deionized water repetitive scrubbing 8-10 time;
Step (2): in churned mechanically 250ml three neck round-bottomed flasks are housed, purifying carbon nano-tube 0.5g, 100ml acetone, 20g ethylene glycol and the caprolactone segmented copolymer, the 1.0g EHP that add step (1) gained, with the 40Hz ultrasonication after 120 minutes, be heated to 60 ℃, stir reaction down 90 hours, suction filtration and repetitive scrubbing are removed unreacted polymer, 100 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings 8 hours, obtain the polymer-modified carbon nanotube of amphipathic property.
Thermogravimetric result shows that Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Facially amphilic polymers introducing amount is 15.3%.
Embodiment 3: (OD<8nm) is an initial raw material with the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of catalytic pyrolysis method preparation, through behind the purifying, under the ultrasonic wave booster action, then obtain the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that the segmented copolymer of tert-butyl methacrylate and vinyl pyrrolidone is contained on the surface.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of churned mechanically 250ml is housed, add 2g multi-walled carbon nano-tubes raw material and 100mL20% weight concentration hydrochloric acid soln, with 40kHz ultrasonication 24 hours, heating and stir and reflux then at 50-60 ℃, reacted 20 hours, with the poly-inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene microfiltration membrane suction filtration of 0.45 μ m, repeatedly to neutral, 90 ℃ of vacuum-dryings obtain the carbon nanotube of purifying after 24 hours with the deionized water repetitive scrubbing;
Step (2): in churned mechanically 250ml three neck round-bottomed flasks are housed, the segmented copolymer, the 1.0gAIBN that add purifying carbon nano-tube 0.5g, 200ml dehydrated alcohol, 20g tert-butyl methacrylate and the vinyl pyrrolidone of step (1) gained, behind 20Hz ultrasonication 180min, be heated to 75 ℃, stir reaction down 21 hours, suction filtration and repetitive scrubbing are removed unreacted polymer, 60 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings 15 hours, obtain the polymer-modified carbon nanotube of amphipathic property.
The amount that can draw carbon nano tube surface introducing amphipathic property polymkeric substance from thermogravimetric curve is 17.5%.
Embodiment 4: (OD<8nm) is an initial raw material with the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of catalytic pyrolysis method preparation, through behind the purifying, under action of evocating, then obtain the graft type multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that methyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methylacrylate segmented copolymer are contained in the surface.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of churned mechanically 250ml is housed, add 1g multi-walled carbon nano-tubes raw material and 100mL20% weight concentration sulphuric acid soln, with 80kHz ultrasonication 10 hours, heating and stir and reflux then at 80-90 ℃, reacted 10 hours, with the poly-inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene microfiltration membrane suction filtration of 0.45 μ m, to neutrality, 100 ℃ of vacuum-dryings obtain the carbon nanotube of purifying after 24 hours with deionized water repetitive scrubbing 3-5 time;
Step (2): in churned mechanically 250ml three neck round-bottomed flasks are housed, purifying carbon nano-tube 0.5g, 100ml propylene glycol, 30g methyl methacrylate and the hydroxyethyl methylacrylate segmented copolymer, the 1.0gABVN that add step (1) gained, behind 20Hz ultrasonication 240min, be heated to 85 ℃, stir reaction down 20 hours, suction filtration and repetitive scrubbing are removed unreacted polymer, 100 ℃ of following vacuum-dryings 10 hours, obtain the polymer-modified carbon nanotube of amphipathic property.
The amount that can draw carbon nano tube surface introducing amphipathic property polymkeric substance from thermogravimetric curve is 20.3%.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of preparation method of hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube, it is characterized in that the method that coats by physics, the carbon nano tube surface behind the purifying is reacted, down auxiliary in ultrasonic wave, carbon nano tube surface is introduced to be had hydrophilic and polymkeric substance lipophilic group, obtains hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube; Its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) carbon nanotube 1 weight part and organic acid 10~150 weight parts are mixed, with 0~100kHz ultrasonication 0.1~100 hour, the microfiltration membrane suction filtration was reacted 0.1~100 hour in heating under 20~100 ℃ of temperature then, washing is to neutral, vacuum-drying then, the time is 5~48 hours, temperature is 20~200 ℃, vacuum tightness is 0.1~1KPa, obtains the carbon nanotube of purifying;
(2) purifying carbon nano-tube 1 weight part that step (1) is obtained, amphipathic property polymkeric substance 1~100g, organic solvent 10~250ml and be that 0.2%~2.0% initiator places the single port flask to mix stirring with the mass ratio of carbon nanotube, 0~100kHz ultra-sonic oscillation 0.1~100 hour, under 50~150 ℃ of temperature, refluxed 2~100 hours then; With the reaction solution vacuum filtration that obtains, the washing of gained powder, suction filtration are removed fully until the free polymkeric substance, vacuum-drying 2~20 hours, and temperature is 20~180 ℃, vacuum tightness is 0.1~1KPa, obtains hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube.
2, the preparation method of hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube according to claim 1 is characterized in that described amphipathic property polymkeric substance is a Polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP), the segmented copolymer of tert-butyl methacrylate and vinyl pyrrolidone, the segmented copolymer of p-chloromethyl styrene and vinyl pyrrolidone, ethylene glycol and methacrylic acid segmented copolymer, ethylene glycol and caprolactone segmented copolymer, ethylene glycol and styrene block copolymer, methyl methacrylate and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl Padil segmented copolymer, in methyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methylacrylate segmented copolymer or vinylbenzene and the N-butyl methyl acrylamide segmented copolymer any.
3, the preparation method of hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube according to claim 1 is characterized in that described carbon nanotube is single wall or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.
4, the preparation method of hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described organic acid be in the hydrochloric acid of the sulfuric acid of nitric acid, 1~50% weight acid concentration of 1~30% weight acid concentration or 0.1~40% weight acid concentration any.
5, the preparation method of hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described organic solvent be in water, ethanol, propylene glycol, acetone or the chloroform any.
6, the preparation method of hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described initiator be in dibenzoyl peroxide, the own ester of peroxy dicarbonate dihexyl, Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate or the 2,2'-Azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) any.
7, the hydrophilic and lipophilic carbon nano tube that obtains of a kind of preparation method according to claim 1 is in the application of matrix material, hydrogen storage, electron device, transmitter, technical field of biological material.
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