CN1818640A - Cutter wear inspection during tunnelling process of tunnel tunneller - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for detecting wear-out of tool on tunneller in tunnel-tunneling includes utilizing data collection unit on tunneller to collect various tunneling parameters; selecting out parameters including tunneling speed, total thrust, tool disc total torque and tool disc rotary speed related to tool wear-out from said tunneling parameters; using relative parameter to calculate out theoretical value of tunneling speed; judging out tool wear-out situation by analyzing deviation value between tunneling theoretical value and tunneling actual value .

Description

The detection method of tool wear in the rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of detection technique, particularly be applied to the detection method of rock tunnel(ling) machine (comprising TBM and the shield machine) tool wear in hard rock or the compound stratum.

Background technology

Along with the development of development machine manufacturing technology, the adaptation stratum scope of development machine is more and more wider, and the development machine technology not only is used widely in more even, single soil layer and rock stratum, has also obtained application in the compound stratum that various soft or hards replace.But, in the constructing tunnel process, tool wear seriously is one of the biggest problem of running in hard rock and compound stratum of development machine, if can not in time find and change after tool wear or the inefficacy, to cause the wearing and tearing of cutter ring excess, fracture, bearing to damage unusually even cutterhead heavy wear, reduce the driving efficiency of breaking rock greatly.At present, development machine judges mainly still by rule of thumb in the tool wear situation of tunneling process, with sensation, and effective method is manually to advance module inspection after shutting down, but hand inspection is the work that risk is very high.This method can only be used in good ground, need at first carry out the stratum consolidation or the operation of calming the anger in nonresistant strata, and cost is very big.For " minimizing " trouble often is reluctant initiatively shutdown inspection in the construction, just be forced to open the cabin inspection to continuing to have tunneled again.Often a lot of at this moment cutter rings, bearing all wear and tear, are out of shape, and the serious cutter of some distortion often can't take out smoothly, increases more troubles, delays more tool change time.

Common tool failure form has: cutter ring wearing and tearing, (polygon) string mill, cutter ring fracture, tipping, cutter ring are loosening, bearing leakage of oil, bearing wear inefficacy etc., and wherein the cutter ring wearing and tearing are that cutter normally damages, and other form belongs to improper damage.The common determination methods of tool wear, inefficacy has following several:

(1) peculiar smell adjuvant

This method is adapted at using among the TBM, the hobboing cutter of producing in the employed WIRTH of Qinling Tunnel company for example, in order to detect the bearing failure situation, in its bearing oil, added MOLYUAN adjuvant with peculiar smell, in the driving if the cutter leakage of oil, then emit pungent peculiar smell, can report tool damage information very sensitively.This method is poor effect in earth pressure balanced shield and muddy water formula shield structure.

(2) tool wear induction installation

Hydraulic pressure or electronic sensor systems are installed, in case tool wear is to the indication of to a certain degree will reporting to the police automatically in cutter or cutterhead.As Fig. 1 is the scraper schematic diagram that has wear detector that extra large Rake (Herrenknecht) company proposes.This system is made up of detector 1, receiver 2 and transmitter 3, adopts circuit to connect, and 8 this special scrapers can be installed on cutterhead.More common hobboing cutter wearing and tearing induction installation then is to adopt hydraulic jack to extend out to the hobboing cutter blade tip from cutterhead, judges the wear extent of hobboing cutter by the difference of relatively stretching out stroke and wearing and tearing front travel.Also have some to adopt modes such as hydraulic pressure short circuit, fiber optics short circuit or ultrasound wave to judge the induction installation of hobboing cutter wearing and tearing in addition.Because induction installation can only be installed on a small amount of cutter, range of application is little, and result of use is very limited.

(3) boring parameter analysis

Along with the wearing and tearing of cutter, under the constant situation of thrust, driving speed generally can reduce, and moment of torsion increases, and can estimate the tool wear situation roughly in view of the above.But, comprise thrust variation, rotation speed change, stratigraphic fluctuation, the pressure variation of native cabin etc., so be difficult to be directly used in judgement toward contact owing to driving speed, moment of torsion audient multifactor impact.In addition, if damage of bearings, behind the cutter eccentric wear, violent friction will take place with rock surface in blade, produce a large amount of heats, cause the rising of dregs temperature, so also may mean tool failure during dregs temperature anomaly.But the subjective judgement that the analytical approach of above-mentioned boring parameter is normally made on analyst's experiential basis does not have enough rationales, and therefore, the accuracy rate of its judged result is not high.

(4) rock slag shape analysis

Usually, the rock clinker degree that new cutter produces is bigger, is the sheet bulk more, and water caltrop is clearly demarcated, and after the tool wear, rock clinker degree diminishes, powder increases.Can be careful in addition observing in the dregs and have or not derby, the cutter ring that bursts apart tends to discharge in the lump with dregs.

(5) inspection of opening the cabin

This is the most frequently used the most reliable the most direct method, shuts down the back by manually advancing cabin cutter inspection one by one.But in nonresistant strata, need at first carry out the stratum consolidation or the operation of calming the anger before opening the cabin, can go into module inspection.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of boring parameter of rock tunnel(ling) machine in tunneling process that utilize to detect the method whether cutter weares and teares,, change the cutter of wearing and tearing or inefficacy as early as possible so that in work progress, in time detect the wear condition of cutter easily.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention: the detection method of tool wear in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process, utilize the wear condition of the boring parameter prediction cutter of development machine in tunneling process, it is characterized in that, comprise: data acquisition, promptly utilize the various boring parameters in the data collector collection tunneling process; The parameter extraction process is promptly selected the parameter relevant with tool wear in the boring parameter of gathering acquisition, comprising: driving speed, gross thrust, cutterhead total torque, cutterhead rotating speed; The parameter analytic process promptly utilizes correlation parameter to calculate the theoretical value of driving speed or cutterhead total torque, by analyzing driving speed or the theoretical value of cutterhead total torque and the wear condition that the deviate between the actual value is judged cutter.

Above-mentioned driving speed theoretical value is determined by following relational expression:

$v=\frac{n}{K_t^2}\·\frac{{(T_t-T_0)}^2}{{(W_t-W_0)}^2}$

In the formula: v is the driving speed theoretical value, W _tBe gross thrust, T _tBe the cutterhead total torque, n is the cutterhead rotating speed, W ₀And T ₀Be respectively suffered friction force of development machine tunneling process and friction torque, K _tDetermine by following relational expression:

$K_t=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{r}_i}{\sqrt{D}\·(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\·\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\β}}_i)}$

In the formula: r _iBe the radius of turn of i cutter, β _iBe the angle of i cutter normal and development machine cutterhead rotation, N is the number of cutters on the cutterhead, and D is a cutter diameter.

Based on above-mentioned detection method, judge that the method whether hobboing cutter weares and teares or lost efficacy is: in the parameter analytic process, when development machine driving certain distance L _xAfter driving speed when detecting the driving speed deviate big δ of deviate when more intact than hobboing cutter, can be judged as the hobboing cutter noticeable wear.Wherein, δ is the critical value that driving speed detects deviate, adopts the normal fluctuation range of the driving speed detection deviate under the intact situation of hobboing cutter to represent that its value equals the variance s that driving speed detects deviate ₀, i.e. δ=s ₀

Above-mentioned driving speed detects deviate and determines by following steps: (a). development machine driving L _xAfter the rice, gather n _xBar boring parameter record (T _Ti, W _Ti, v _Ti, n _i, i=1,2,3 ... .n _x), calculate n _xIndividual driving speed detects deviate (Δ v ₁, Δ v ₂, Δ v ₃... Δ v _Nx); (b). with described n _xIndividual driving speed detects deviate as sample, calculates its sample average and sample variance, is designated as (Δ v respectively _x, s _x).Driving speed deviate when hobboing cutter is intact is determined by following steps: (a). under the intact situation of hobboing cutter, and development machine driving L ₀Rice is gathered n ₀Bar boring parameter record (T _Ti, W _Ti, v _Ti, n _i, i=1,2,3 ... .n ₀), calculate n ₀Individual driving speed detects deviate (Δ v ₁, Δ v ₂, Δ v ₃... Δ v _N0); (b). with described n ₀Individual driving speed detects deviate as sample, calculates its sample average and sample variance, is designated as (Δ v respectively ₀, s ₀).If: $\mathrm{\Δ}{v}_0-{\mathrm{\Δv}}_x>\mathrm{\δ}+t_{\mathrm{\α}}(n_0+n_x-2)\·s_w\·\sqrt{1/n_0+1/n_x},$ Promptly think cutter noticeable wear or inefficacy, wherein, t _α(n ₀+ n _x-2) be (n for degree of freedom ₀+ n _x-2), the t distribution value of α level of significance; Statistic s _wDetermine by following formula:

${s_w}^2=\frac{(n_0-1){\·s_0}^2+(n_x-1)\·{s_x}^2}{n_0+n_x-2}$

In the formula: n ₀For tunneling L under the intact situation of hobboing cutter ₀The boring parameter sample size that collects after the rice,

n _xBe driving L _xThe boring parameter sample size that collects after the rice,

s ₀Be the average and the variance of the detection of the driving speed under the intact situation of hobboing cutter deviate,

s _xBe driving L _xRice back driving speed detects the average and the variance of deviate.

Above-mentioned cutterhead total torque theoretical value is determined by following relational expression:

$T_t=T_0+K_t{\·W}_t\·\frac{\sqrt{v}}{\sqrt{n}}-K_t\·W_0\·\frac{\sqrt{v}}{\sqrt{n}}$

In the formula: T _tBe cutterhead total torque theoretical value, W _tBe gross thrust, v is a driving speed, and n is the cutterhead rotating speed, W ₀And T ₀Be respectively suffered friction force of development machine tunneling process and friction torque, K _tDetermine by following relational expression:

$K_t=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{r}_i}{\sqrt{D}\·(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\·\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\β}}_i)}$

In the formula: r _iBe the radius of turn of i cutter, β _iBe the angle of i cutter normal and development machine cutterhead rotation, N is the number of cutters on the cutterhead, and D is a cutter diameter.

The detection method derivation of rock tunnel(ling) machine tool wear of the present invention has drawn the theoretical relationship between the driving speed relevant with tool wear, gross thrust, cutterhead total torque, the cutterhead rotating speed, by analyzing driving speed or the theoretical value of cutterhead total torque and the wear condition that the deviate between the actual value is judged cutter.Usually, under the intact situation of hobboing cutter, the deviate between theoretical value and the actual value is generally smaller; After the hobboing cutter wearing and tearing, the deviate between theoretical value and the actual value will increase, so can judge the hobboing cutter wear condition by the theoretical value and the deviate between the actual value of contrast driving speed or moment of torsion.Compare with traditional tool wear detection method, the invention provides a kind of boring parameter analytical approach with enough rationales, can more accurate prediction and judge the wear condition of cutter, in work progress, in time detect the wear condition of cutter easily, the cutter of changing wearing and tearing as early as possible or losing efficacy avoids causing the wearing and tearing of cutter ring excess, fracture, bearing to damage unusually even the generation of accident such as cutterhead heavy wear.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the scraper schematic diagram that has wear detector;

Fig. 2 is the cutter arrangenent diagram of development machine;

Fig. 3 is the log sheet in certain hard rock section tunnel;

Fig. 4 is the thrust curve figure in the tunneling process;

Fig. 5 is one of driving speed theoretical value in the tunneling process and actual comparison curve;

Fig. 6 is two of driving speed theoretical value in the tunneling process and an actual comparison curve.

Embodiment

Modern development machine all is equipped with advanced data acquisition, transmission, storage system, can gather automatically the various boring parameters of development machine tunneling process, record.In the present invention, the most basic, most important tunneling data comprises: driving speed, gross thrust, cutterhead moment of torsion, cutterhead rotating speed.Under the constant situation of gross thrust, cutterhead rotating speed, the variation of driving speed, cutterhead moment of torsion is main relevant with the tool wear situation with nature of ground, and after the tool wear, driving speed generally can reduce, and moment of torsion also respective change can take place.Usually, also dependent between driving speed and the moment of torsion, driving speed is big more, and hobboing cutter incision rock is dark more, and moment of torsion is just big more.Therefore can forecast the abrasion condition of cutter by the variation of analyzing driving speed and moment of torsion.Simultaneously, because driving speed and cutterhead moment of torsion also are subjected to the influence of rock strength, under the constant situation of other condition, rock strength is big more, and driving speed and cutterhead moment of torsion are just low more.So the relation of also essential research driving speed, moment of torsion and rock strength is so that judge the real causes that causes driving speed and change in torque.

1. hobboing cutter cutting force test model

Relevant hobboing cutter cutting Force Model, from the hob rock cutting fragmentation test, draw the earliest, comprise cutting force and rock strength, cutting depth, kerf spacing, the area of cut, cutting speed, radius of clean-up, hobboing cutter size, the isoparametric relation of shape, and the relation between cutting perpendicular force and the horizontal cutting power etc.

(1) relation of cutting force and rock strength, cutting depth

Graham (1976) is that the rock of 140-200Mpa carries out cutting test to uniaxial compressive strength, obtain relational expression be:

P＝3940F _n/σ _c (1)

In the formula: P---be revolution drilling depth, mm/rev; The average thrust of Fn---hobboing cutter, kN;

σ _c---rock uniaxiality strength, MPa.

To get the cutting force linear model after the following formula conversion:

F _n＝k _n.σ _c.P (2)

In the formula: k _n---be cutting force coefficient, k _n=1/3940

Hughes (1986) is according to the cutting test data in the coal seam, and the relational expression of proposition is:

$P=1.667{\left(\frac{F_n}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_c}\right)}^{1.2}{\left(\frac{2}{D}\right)}^{0.6}---\left(3\right)$

In the formula: D---the cutter diameter, mm, all the other symbolic significances are the same.

Following formula only considers that single hobboing cutter breaks the rock effect, does not promptly consider the influence of adjacent hobboing cutter to cutting force.

To get the cutting force power model after the following formula conversion:

F _n＝k _nσ _cP ^m (4)

In the formula: k _n---be cutting force coefficient, k _n=0.642D ^0.5=13.3

M---cutting depth index, m=0.83.

As seen, the cutting force linear model is a kind of special case of power model.

(2) relation of vertical force and horizontal force

In hob rock cutting fragmentation test, most of researchist finds, is proportional variation between hobboing cutter normal thrust and the horizontal rolling power, and horizontal rolling power is defined as cutting coefficient with the ratio of normal thrust.

Roxborough and Phillips (1975) suppose that the cutting depth of single hobboing cutter just equals the revolution drilling depth of TBM, obtains cutting coefficient thus:

$C_e=F_r/F_n=\sqrt{P/(D-P)}---\left(5\right)$

In the formula: F _r---hobboing cutter horizontal rolling power.C _e---cutting coefficient.

Because in the practice of construction, the hobboing cutter cutting depth is much smaller than cutter diameter, so formula (6) can be reduced to:

$C_e=F_r/F_n\≈\sqrt{P/D}---\left(6\right)$

The cutting coefficient relational expression that Hughes (1986) obtains is:

$C_e=F_r/F_n=0.65\sqrt{P/\left(0.5D\right)}---\left(7\right)$

Obtain after the simple transformation:

$C_e=F_r/F_n\≈0.92\sqrt{P/D}$

As can be seen, the cutting coefficient expression formula that obtains of different researchers is consistent basically.

2. the derivation of effective push, effective torque and cutting force relation

According to boring parameters such as cutting force test model accurate Calculation gross thrust, moments of torsion is very complicated.For simplicity, do not consider the influence of point width, suppose that promptly every cutting depth hobboing cutter is identical cutting force.Thrust that obtains thus and torque arithmetic formula are as follows:

(1) the cutterhead effective push is calculated

The cutterhead effective push refers to promote required the making a concerted effort of the broken rock of cutter, does not comprise overcoming the reaction thrust that various friction force that development machine advances and native cabin soil pressure produce.Effective push by vertical (normal direction) thrust of each hobboing cutter along the component stack of development machine axis direction and get:

$W=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{F}_{\mathrm{ni}}\·\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\β}}_i---\left(8\right)$

In the formula: W---the cutterhead effective push; F _Ni---vertical (normal direction) thrust of i cutter;

β _i---the angle of i cutter normal and rock tunnel(ling) machine cutter axis; N---the number of cutters on the cutterhead.

Formula (4) substitution following formula is got:

$W=k_n\·(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\·\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\β}}_i)\·{\mathrm{\σ}}_c\·P^m---\left(9\right)$

(2) the cutterhead effective torque calculates

The cutterhead effective torque refers to not contain the moment of friction that the cutterhead rotation runs into by the cutter tangential force tool setting resultant moment that rotating shaft produces of spiraling.

$T=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{F}_{\mathrm{ri}}\·r_i---\left(10\right)$

In the formula: T---the cutterhead effective torque; F _Ri---level (tangentially) cutting force of i cutter;

r _i---the radius of turn of i cutter.

Get by formula (6):

$F_r=F_n\·\sqrt{P/D}$

Substitution formula (10) is put in order:

$T=k_n\frac{1}{\sqrt{D}}\left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{r}_i\right){\mathrm{\σ}}_c\·P^{m+0.5}---\left(11\right)$

(3) driving speed represented of effective push, moment of torsion

Formula (11) is the computing formula of cutterhead moment of torsion, owing to contain rock strength parameter (unknown parameter) in the formula, also can't be directly used in torque arithmetic, so need further conversion.

Get by formula (9):

${\mathrm{\σ}}_c=\frac{1}{k_n\·(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\·\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\β}}_i)}\frac{W}{P^m}---\left(12\right)$

Following formula substitution formula (11) is got:

$T=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{r}_i}{\sqrt{D}\·(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\·\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\β}}_i)}W\sqrt{P}---\left(13\right)$

According to the P=v/n that concerns of cutting depth and driving speed, cutterhead rotating speed, the substitution following formula gets:

$T=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{r}_i}{\sqrt{D}\·(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\·\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\β}}_i)}W\·\frac{\sqrt{v}}{\sqrt{n}}---\left(14\right)$

In the formula: v---driving speed; N---cutterhead rotating speed.

Contrast formula (11), following formula have not comprised the rock strength parameter, can directly arrange that by driving speed, cutterhead rotating speed, effective push, cutter coordinate parameters calculates effective torque, and rock strength has lain in the driving speed parameter to the influence of moment of torsion.

Obtain the computing formula of driving speed by formula (14) conversion:

$v=\frac{D{\·(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\·\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\β}}_i)}^2}{{\left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{r}_i\right)}^2}\·n\·\frac{T^2}{W^2}---\left(15\right)$

3. the driving speed represented of gross thrust, total torque detects formula

Above-mentioned relation formula (14) and (15) are derived by single hobboing cutter cutting Force Model, thrust, moment of torsion corresponding in the formula are effective push and the effective torques that directly acts on brokenly rock, do not comprise shield shell friction force and follow-up chassis tractive force, do not comprise the friction force that the cutterhead rotation produces yet.And also be difficult to directly measure effective push and effective torque in the practice of construction process, what write down is gross thrust and the total torque that comprises various friction force, to produce bigger error so direct application formula (15) detects driving speed, and also must further carry out conversion formula (15).

Remember that respectively gross thrust is W _t, total torque is T _t, then:

W＝W _t-W ₀；T＝T _t-T ₀ (16)

In the formula: W ₀, T ₀Be respectively suffered friction force of development machine tunneling process and friction torque.Note: $K_t=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{r}_i}{\sqrt{D}\·(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\·\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\β}}_i)},$ Substitution formula (14):

$T_t-T_0=K_t\·(W_t-W_0)\·\frac{\sqrt{v}}{\sqrt{n}}$

Transplant:

$T_t=T_0+K_t{\·W}_t\·\frac{\sqrt{v}}{\sqrt{n}}-K_t{\·W}_0\·\frac{\sqrt{v}}{\sqrt{n}}---\left(17\right)$

Can adopt homing method to obtain W according to following formula ₀, T ₀, back substitution is gone into formula (15) and is obtained:

$v=\frac{n}{K_t^2}\·\frac{{(T_t-T_0)}^2}{{(W_t-W_0)}^2}---\left(18\right)$

Relational expression (17) and (18) are the half theoretical semiempirical formulas that concerns between the total torque of setting up under the intact situation of hobboing cutter and gross thrust, driving speed, can directly adopt the gross thrust of tunneling process record, total torque to calculate driving speed.Usually, under the intact situation of hobboing cutter, the deviate between theoretical value and the actual value is generally smaller; After the hobboing cutter wearing and tearing, the deviate between theoretical value and the actual value will increase, so can forecast the hobboing cutter wear condition by the theoretical value and the deviate between the actual value of contrast driving speed or moment of torsion.

4. hobboing cutter wearing and tearing or the determination methods that lost efficacy

If under the intact situation of hobboing cutter, tunneled L ₀Rice has been gathered n ₀Bar boring parameter record (T _Ti, W _Ti, v _Ti, n _i, i=1,2,3 ... .n ₀), calculate corresponding n according to formula (18) ₀Individual driving speed detects deviate (Δ v ₁, Δ v ₂, Δ v ₃... Δ v _N0), can regard a random sample as, its sample average and sample variance are designated as (Δ v respectively ₀, s ₀); Continue driving L _xAfter the rice, gathered n again _xBar boring parameter record obtains n equally _xIndividual driving speed detects deviate (Δ v ₁, Δ v ₂, Δ v ₃... Δ v _Nx), its sample average and sample variance are designated as (Δ v respectively _x, s _x), judge that then development machine continues driving L _xAfter the rice, hobboing cutter whether noticeable wear just be equal to judge two random samples equal value difference whether greater than a certain setting value δ, so can use the t method of inspection of mathematical statistics to judge.

Construct following statistic:

${s_w}^2=\frac{(n_0-1)\·{s_0}^2+(n_x-1)\·{s_x}^2}{n_0+n_x-2}---\left(19\right)$

In the formula: n ₀---tunnel L under the intact situation of hobboing cutter ₀The boring parameter sample size that collects after the rice;

n _x---continue to tunnel the boring parameter sample size that collects after the Lx rice;

Δ v ₀, s ₀---be respectively the average and the variance of the driving speed detection deviate under the intact situation of hobboing cutter;

Δ v _x, s _x---be respectively driving L _xRice back driving speed detects the average and the variance of deviate;

That checks is assumed to be:

H ₀: Δ v ₀-Δ v _x=δ; H ₁: Δ v ₀-Δ v _x＞δ, if:

$\mathrm{\Δ}{v}_0-{\mathrm{\Δv}}_x>\mathrm{\δ}+t_{\mathrm{\α}}(n_0+n_x-2)\·s_w\·\sqrt{1/n_0+1/n_x}---\left(20\right)$

In the formula: δ---driving speed detects the critical value of deviate, adopts the normal fluctuation range of the driving speed detection deviate under the intact situation of hobboing cutter to represent that its value equals the variance s that driving speed detects deviate ₀, i.e. δ=s ₀As driving L _xWhen back driving speed detects deviate than the big δ of driving speed deviate under the intact situation of hobboing cutter, judge the hobboing cutter noticeable wear;

t _α(n ₀+ n _x-2)---degree of freedom is (n ₀+ n _x-2), the t distribution value of α level of significance can be looked into the mathematical statistics table and obtain.

Then under level of significance α, refuse H ₀, accept H ₁, promptly think cutter noticeable wear or inefficacy.

Specific embodiment:

Hobboing cutter abrasion condition detection with No. four line university cities of Guangzhou track traffic special line [university city～dell encloses shield structure interval] shield structure engineering hard rock section tunneling process is an example, further specifies detection method of the present invention:

1. project profile

This project total line length 4000m is made up of two circular tunnels, 5.4 meters of tunnel internal diameters, the about 13m of distance between centers of tracks, thickness of earth covering 5～30m.Shield construction is adopted in design, the earth pressure balanced composite shield machine that shield machine adopts MIT to produce.Cutterhead digging diameter 6290mm, aperture opening ratio are 37%.Can scraper, cutters such as cutter, hobboing cutter, fish tail cutter in advance be installed according to Different Strata on the cutterhead, hard rock section driving wherein, be equipped with altogether on the cutterhead 8 twolip center hobboing cutter and 23 single-blade hobboing cutter (as shown in Figure 2).Cutterhead center and facial area hobboing cutter cutter spacing are 90mm, and fringe region hobboing cutter cutter spacing is between 12～32mm.

The tunnel mainly passes (south and northern tunnel) in II class surrounding rock and III class surrounding rock, the middle part has 300 meters full section IV class, V class surrounding rock approximately.The ash of hard rock section lithology above Proterozoic group of Sinian system, cinerous medium weathering mixed rock＜8Z〉and gentle breeze mixed rock＜9Z be main, wherein＜and 9Z〉the gentle breeze mixed rock, rock is complete and hard, natural terminal compression strength of the single axle fc=31.50～77.9MPa, average 53.44Mpa.Hard rock section tunnel line longitudinal diagram as shown in Figure 3.

2. the hard rock section is tunneled the hobboing cutter abrasion condition

Since right line starts, replaced in the stratum at soil layer and ground (be mainly＜6Z,＜7Z 〉,＜8Z〉stratum) about 700 meters of driving, accumulative total is changed 107 on hobboing cutter, and wherein about 80% hobboing cutter eccentric wear occurs and lost efficacy.On March 3rd, 2005, right line shield machine promptly entered＜9Z after crossing middle ventilating shaft〉full section gentle breeze hard rock.The hard rock section adopts the pattern driving that opens the cabin, gross thrust 10000-25000KN, moment of torsion 500-1500KNm, driving speed 10-30mm/min, cutterhead rotating speed 3.1rpm.Because mixed rock abrasive property height, tool wear is serious.Since the new cutter secondary of the whole dish of the 552 rings driving that starts, driving tunnels 171 meters altogether to 666 rings, advances the cabin tool changing 10 times, and accumulative total is changed 36 on hobboing cutter, average every hobboing cutter is tunneled 4.75m, sees table 1 for details.

The principal mode of hard rock section tool failure has: normal wear, eccentric wear, cutter ring fracture etc., replace the stratum with ground to compare, and eccentric wear is existing to be reduced, but still accounts for 30%.

Sequence number	The tool changing date	Driving ring number	Tool changing quantity	The hobboing cutter wear condition
					1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10	2005-3-9 2005-3-11 2005-3-12 2005-3-21 2005-3-24 2005-3-26 2005-3-30 2005-4-3 2005-4-5 2005-4-7	571 572 573 606 612 623 637 650 660 666	7 3 1 2 2 7 4 2 5 3	2 rhombus eccentric wears, all the other wearing and tearing 15-20mm 3 are rhombus eccentric wear 15-20mm wearing and tearing 15mm wearing and tearing 15-20mm wearing and tearing 25mm wearing and tearing 15-20mm wearing and tearing 25-35mm rhombus eccentric wear wearing and tearing 25-35mm, 2 eccentric wear center cutter rings break 1 all the other rhombus eccentric wears

Table 1: the full section hard rock of right line section hobboing cutter abrasion condition statistical form

3. the forecast of hobboing cutter wearing and tearing or inefficacy

(1) driving speed detects the foundation of formula

Forecast work is after the 6th tool changing on March 26 in 2005.7 of this time tool changing, tool changing quantity is more, can think that hobboing cutter is in serviceable condition during driving first ring after the tool changing (i.e. 624 rings).So setting up driving speed that gross thrust, total torque represent with the boring parameters of 624 rings as benchmark, to detect formula as follows:

$v=\frac{{(T_t-159)}^2}{{(0.00614\·W_t+58.6)}^2}---\left(21\right)$

Because the cutterhead rotating speed remains unchanged at tunneling process, so do not contain the cutterhead rotating speed in the following formula.Thrust curve in the tunneling process as shown in Figure 4.624 ring driving speed theoretical values and the actual comparison curves that obtain according to following formula as shown in Figure 5.As seen, the Changing Pattern of driving speed theoretical value and actual value is very identical.

(2) detection of driving speed

The follow-up tunneling process that encircles (some sequence number 227-300) 624 in time calculates the boring parameter substitution formula (21) of each ring the theoretical value of driving speed, and theoretical value and actual value are compared (as shown in Figure 6).

From Fig. 6 as seen, when tunneling to 628 rings (some sequence number 606-680), actual driving speed is obviously low than the driving speed theoretical value that detects, and can tentatively judge in view of the above, and driving has part hobboing cutter noticeable wear or inefficacy when 628 encircle; During to 637 rings (some sequence number 1386-1461), actual driving speed and driving speed theoretical value move closer to again, check tool changing record (table 1), have changed 4 hobboing cutter at 637 rings, the cutter ring height 25-35mm that worn and torn, the situation of change of tool changing record and detection speed matches.The situation of change of follow-up other each time tool changing record and detection speed all is (as shown in Figure 6) that match.

(3) judgement of hobboing cutter wearing and tearing or inefficacy

Abovely can judge the hobboing cutter abrasion condition roughly according to driving speed curvilinear motion situation, because under the intact situation of hobboing cutter, driving speed also can produce bigger fluctuation, for the erroneous judgement that the random fluctuation of eliminating this driving speed produces, need the t method of inspection of utilization mathematical statistics to come driving speed is detected the deviate judgement of testing.Get level of significance α=0.01, promptly work as driving speed and detect deviate than the driving speed deviate fluctuation range s under the intact situation of hobboing cutter ₀When big, we are with 99% probabilistic determination hobboing cutter noticeable wear.Respectively each ring driving speed is detected deviate in view of the above and test, the partial test result is as shown in table 2.As seen, have hobboing cutter noticeable wear to occur since 628 rings, the driving speed detected value recovers again normally after the 637 ring tool changing, so testing result and actual tool changing situation match.

The ring number	624	626	628	631	637	639
							Sample size n sample range sample average Δ v sample variance s n 0+n x-2 S w 2 (Δv 0-Δv x)/Δv x t α(n 0+n x-2) assay remarks	79-0.5 224.3 // ///new tool changing	75-17.8 108.0 152 167.7 17.3 55.0 accept to suppose not noticeable wear	75-94.5 3057.9 152 1603.8 94.0 65.5 refusal hypothesis wearing and tearing	76-91.4 1498.6 153 849.0 90.9 61.2 refusal hypothesis wearing and tearing	76-56.2 252.6 153 238.2 55.7 56.0 accept to suppose not noticeable wear	74 8.7 1061.0 151 628.8-9.2 59.7 accept to suppose not noticeable wear

Table 2: right line hobboing cutter abrasion condition assay

Comprehensive above-mentioned testing result shows that the calculating principle that the broken rock test model of hobboing cutter stand cutting is applied to on-the-spot boring parameter is correct; The driving speed theoretical value that obtains in view of the above is consistent with the actual value variation tendency; Tool wear situation testing result and actual tool changing situation match.Simultaneously prove that also the detection method of rock tunnel(ling) machine tool wear of the present invention is practicable.

Claims (11)

1. the detection method of tool wear in the rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process is utilized the wear condition of the boring parameter prediction cutter of development machine in tunneling process, it is characterized in that, comprising:

Data acquisition promptly utilizes the various boring parameters in the data collector collection tunneling process;

The parameter extraction process is promptly selected the parameter relevant with tool wear in the boring parameter of gathering acquisition, comprising: driving speed, gross thrust, cutterhead total torque, cutterhead rotating speed;

The parameter analytic process promptly utilizes correlation parameter to calculate the theoretical value of driving speed or cutterhead total torque, by analyzing driving speed or the theoretical value of cutterhead total torque and the wear condition that the deviate between the actual value is judged cutter.

2. according to the detection method of tool wear in the described rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process of claim 1, it is characterized in that described driving speed theoretical value is determined by following relational expression:

$v=\frac{n}{{K_t}^2}\·\frac{{(T_t-T_0)}^2}{{(W_t-W_0)}^2}$

In the formula: v is the driving speed theoretical value, W _tBe gross thrust, T _tBe the cutterhead total torque, n is the cutterhead rotating speed, W ₀And T ₀Be respectively suffered friction force of shield driving process and friction torque.

3. according to the detection method of tool wear in the described rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process of claim 2, it is characterized in that K in the described relational expression _tDetermine by following relational expression:

$K_t=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{r}_i}{\sqrt{D}\·(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N\·}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\·\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\β}}_i)}$

In the formula: r _iBe the radius of turn of i cutter, β _iBe the angle of i cutter normal and development machine cutterhead rotation, N is the number of cutters on the cutterhead, and D is a cutter diameter.

4. according to the detection method of tool wear in the described rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described parameter analytic process, when development machine driving certain distance L _xAfter driving speed when detecting the driving speed deviate big δ of deviate when more intact than hobboing cutter, can be judged as the hobboing cutter noticeable wear, wherein, δ is the critical value that driving speed detects deviate.

5. according to the detection method of tool wear in the described rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process of claim 4, it is characterized in that, the normal fluctuation range that critical value δ adopts the driving speed under the intact situation of hobboing cutter to detect deviate represents that its value equals the variance s that driving speed detects deviate ₀, i.e. δ=s ₀

6. according to the detection method of tool wear in the described rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process of claim 4, it is characterized in that described driving speed detects deviate and determines by following steps:

A. development machine tunnels L _xAfter the rice, gather n _xBar boring parameter record (T _Ti, W _Ti, v _Ti, n _i, i=1,2,3 ... .n _x), calculate n _xIndividual driving speed detects deviate (Δ v ₁, Δ v ₂, Δ v ₃... Δ v _Nx);

B. with said n _xIndividual driving speed detects deviate as sample, calculates its sample average and sample variance, is designated as (Δ v respectively _x, s _x).

7. according to the detection method of tool wear in the described rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process of claim 4, it is characterized in that the driving speed deviate when described hobboing cutter is intact is determined by following steps:

A. under the intact situation of hobboing cutter, development machine tunnels L ₀Rice is gathered n ₀Bar boring parameter record (T _Ti, W _Ti, v _Ti, n _i, i=1,2,3 ... .n ₀), calculate n ₀Individual driving speed detects deviate (Δ v ₁, Δ v ₂, Δ v ₃... Δ v _N0);

B. with said n ₀Individual driving speed detects deviate as sample, calculates its sample average and sample variance, is designated as (Δ v respectively ₀, s ₀).

8. according to the detection method of tool wear in the described rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process of arbitrary claim in the claim 4 to 7, it is characterized in that, if:

$\mathrm{\Δ}{v}_0-{\mathrm{\Δv}}_x>\mathrm{\δ}+t_{\mathrm{\α}}(n_0+n_x-2)s_w\·\sqrt{1/n_0+1/n_x},$ Promptly think cutter noticeable wear or inefficacy, wherein, t _a(n ₀+ n _x-2) be (n for degree of freedom ₀+ n _x-2), the t distribution value of α level of significance.

9. the detection method of tool wear is characterized in that the statistic s in the described relational expression in the described according to Claim 8 rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process _wDetermine by following formula:

${s_w}^2=\frac{(n_0-1)\·{s_0}^2+(n_x-1)\·{s_x}^2}{n_0+n_x-2}$

In the formula: n ₀For tunneling L under the intact situation of hobboing cutter ₀The boring parameter sample size that collects after the rice,

n _xBe driving L _xThe boring parameter sample size that collects after the rice,

s ₀Be the average and the variance of the detection of the driving speed under the intact situation of hobboing cutter deviate,

s _xBe driving L _xRice back driving speed detects the average and the variance of deviate.

10. according to the detection method of tool wear in the described rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process of claim 1, it is characterized in that described cutterhead total torque theoretical value is determined by following relational expression:

$T_t=T_0+K_t\·W_t\·\frac{\sqrt{v}}{\sqrt{n}}-K_t\·W_0\·\frac{\sqrt{v}}{\sqrt{n}}$

In the formula: T _tBe cutterhead total torque theoretical value, W _tBe gross thrust, v is a driving speed, and n is the cutterhead rotating speed, W ₀And T ₀Be respectively suffered friction force of development machine tunneling process and friction torque.

11. the detection method according to tool wear in the described rock tunnel(ling) machine tunneling process of claim 10 is characterized in that K in the described relational expression _tDetermine by following relational expression:

$K_t=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{r}_i}{\sqrt{D}\·(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N\·}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\·\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\β}}_i)}$

In the formula: r _iBe the radius of turn of i cutter, β _iBe the angle of i cutter normal and development machine cutterhead rotation, N is the number of cutters on the cutterhead, and D is a cutter diameter.