CN103790568A - Real-time drilling parameter and efficiency optimization method - Google Patents
Real-time drilling parameter and efficiency optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103790568A CN103790568A CN201410005736.8A CN201410005736A CN103790568A CN 103790568 A CN103790568 A CN 103790568A CN 201410005736 A CN201410005736 A CN 201410005736A CN 103790568 A CN103790568 A CN 103790568A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a real-time drilling parameter and efficiency optimization method. The method includes: drilling for coring; setting a rock strength model according to a method in a step A; judging which type the drilling mode belonging to according to drilling fluid density, property and formation pore pressure; if the drilling mode belongs to gas drilling, directly using uniaxial compressive strength, and otherwise, calculating the rock strength under the condition of bottom confining pressure; calculating mechanical specific energy of a drill according to logging data; comparing calculated mechanical specific energy of the drill with the rock strength under the bottom confining pressure. Critical fail points of drilling parameters such as drilling pressure, rotate speed and the like can be found out by the model, real-time optimization of the drilling parameters is realized, and drilling capacity can be effectively promoted on the existing basis of drilling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drilling optimization method, specifically, relate to a kind of drilling parameter and efficiency real-time optimization method.
Background technology
Drilling optimization method of the prior art is all set up based on Overbalance Drilling, in the time carrying out drilling optimization for gas drilling and under balance pressure drilling, there are problems, the optimization that is used under balance pressure drilling is also the improvement based on Overbalance Drilling Optimized model, can not be simultaneously for gas drilling, under balance pressure drilling, three kinds of drilling modes of Overbalance Drilling.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect existing in prior art, the invention provides one and can be used in gas drilling, under balance pressure drilling, the drilling parameter of three kinds of drilling modes of Overbalance Drilling and efficiency real-time optimization method, the method that the present invention sets up proposes based on re-establishing of rock strength model, the present invention proposes a kind of bottom rock intensity new model of calculating, the model of setting up can be found out the pressure of the drill, the borderline failure point of the drilling parameters such as rotating speed, can play the object of real-time optimization drilling parameter, drilling duty is effectively promoted on the existing basis of drilling well.
Its technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of drilling parameter and efficiency real-time optimization method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
The foundation of A rock strength computation model:
A1 gathers the rock core of different aperture degree for certain rocks, measure the degree of porosity of the rock core that gathers;
A2 carries out three axle Rock Mechanics Test Ands for the rock core of different aperture degree, measures the compressive strength of rock under different confined pressures;
A3 utilizes particle swarm optimization algorithm to determine the parameter (a, b, c) in strength model:
σ
1-σ
3＝UCS
0(1+aσ
3 b)×exp(-φ×c)
σ in formula
1for three axle compressive strength of rock, σ
3for test confined pressure, UCS
0for the uniaxial compressive strength of rock when 0 degree of porosity, a, b, c is model coefficient,
B calculates shaft bottom confined pressure, adopts double Effective Stresses principle to calculate shaft bottom confined pressure, and its model is:
σ
3＝P
h-φ
cP
p
P in formula
hfor liquid column hydrostatic pressure, P
pfor pore pressure, φ
cfor rock contact degree of porosity, φ
cbe greater than body effecive porosity φ, be less than 1, get the median between φ and 1 for general rock,
, confined pressure strength model in shaft bottom can be expressed as:
σ
1＝UCS
0(1+a(P
h-φP
p)
b)×exp(-φ×c)
C calculates the broken rock machinery of drill bit specific energy, and formula is:
In formula, W is the pressure of the drill, A
bfor drill bit area, d
bdirect for drill bit, μ is the coefficient of sliding friction, and N is rotating speed, and ROP is rate of penetration,
First D carries out drilling extracting core, utilize the method in steps A to set up rock strength model, by according to drilling fluid density, character and formation pore pressure, be judged as any drilling mode, gas drilling can directly use uniaxial compressive strength if, otherwise utilize first formula in step B to calculate shaft bottom confined pressure, utilize the second formula to calculate rock strength under the confined pressure of shaft bottom, utilize logging data to calculate drill bit machinery specific energy, the drill bit machinery specific energy and the shaft bottom confined pressure intensity that calculate are compared, if mechanical specific energy continues to be less than rock shaft bottom confined pressure intensity level, continue to creep into, if mechanical specific energy is greater than shaft bottom confined pressure rock strength value, adjust the pressure of the drill and rotary speed parameter, there is no effect if adjust the pressure of the drill and rotary speed parameter, judge whether shaft bottom bit balling occurs, bit freezing, the drilling failure that bit wear is serious, processing accident, until drill bit machinery specific energy is less than rock shaft bottom confined pressure intensity level.
Further preferably, if in drilling process, bottom rock intensity is without significant change, and rate of penetration declines gradually, and mechanical specific energy increases gradually, and TORQ increases gradually, rises to some extent with pump pressure simultaneously, is judged as bit balling phenomenon and occurs; If rate of penetration declines gradually, mechanical specific energy increases gradually, and TORQ and pump pressure are without significant change, and after adjustment the pressure of the drill and rotating speed, rate of penetration is not improved, and is judged as bit wear serious; If rate of penetration declines suddenly, TORQ rises suddenly, raises and decentralizes drilling tool and is hampered, and is judged as bit freezing and occurs.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: method provided by the invention and the Mathematical Modeling of setting up, can judge more accurately the concrete reason that causes rate of penetration to reduce, can guide field construction take in time correct method to process drilling failure, improve drilling efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of drilling parameter of the present invention and efficiency real-time optimization method;
Fig. 2 is Overbalance Drilling bottom rock confined pressure intensity, mechanical specific energy, actual drilling speed, drill-well operation parameter comparison curve, and wherein Fig. 2 a is bottom rock confined pressure intensity, mechanical specific energy, actual drilling speed curve, and Fig. 2 b is drill-well operation parameter curve;
Fig. 3 is under balance pressure drilling bed rock stone confined pressure intensity, mechanical specific energy, actual drilling speed comparison diagram;
Fig. 4 is under balance pressure drilling operating parameter;
Fig. 5 is gas drilling bottom rock intensity, mechanical specific energy, actual drilling speed, drill-well operation parameter comparison curve, and wherein Fig. 5 a is bottom rock confined pressure intensity, mechanical specific energy, actual drilling speed curve, and Fig. 5 b is drill-well operation parameter curve.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is described in more detail.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of drilling parameter and efficiency real-time optimization method, comprise the following steps:
The foundation of A bottom rock strength model:
A1 gathers the rock core of different aperture degree for certain rocks, measure the degree of porosity of the rock core that gathers;
A2 carries out three axle Rock Mechanics Test Ands for the rock core of different aperture degree, measures the compressive strength of rock under different confined pressures;
A3 utilizes particle swarm optimization algorithm to determine the parameter (a, b, c) in strength model:
σ
1-σ
3＝UCS
0(1+aσ
3 b)×exp(-φ×c)
σ in formula
1for three axle compressive strength of rock, σ
3for test confined pressure, UCS
0for the uniaxial compressive strength of rock when 0 degree of porosity, a, b, c is model coefficient,
B calculates shaft bottom confined pressure, adopts double Effective Stresses principle to calculate shaft bottom confined pressure, and its model is:
σ
3＝P
h-φ
cP
p
P in formula
hfor liquid column hydrostatic pressure, P
pfor pore pressure, φ
cfor rock contact degree of porosity, φ
cbe greater than body effecive porosity φ, be less than 1, get the median between φ and 1 for general rock,
, confined pressure strength model in shaft bottom can be expressed as:
σ
1＝UCS
0(1+a(P
h-φP
p)
b)×exp(-φ×c)
C calculates the broken rock machinery of drill bit specific energy, and formula is:
In formula, W is the pressure of the drill, A
bfor drill bit area, d
bdirect for drill bit, μ is the coefficient of sliding friction, and N is rotating speed, and ROP is rate of penetration,
First D carries out drilling extracting core, utilize the method in steps A to set up rock strength model, by according to drilling fluid density, character and formation pore pressure, be judged as any drilling mode, gas drilling can directly use uniaxial compressive strength if, otherwise utilize first formula in step B to calculate shaft bottom confined pressure, utilize the second formula to calculate rock strength under the confined pressure of shaft bottom, utilize log data to calculate drill bit machinery specific energy, the drill bit machinery specific energy and the shaft bottom confined pressure intensity that calculate are compared, if mechanical specific energy continues to be less than rock shaft bottom confined pressure intensity level, continue to creep into, if mechanical specific energy is less than rock shaft bottom confined pressure value, and adjust the pressure of the drill and rotary speed parameter does not have effect, judge whether shaft bottom bit balling occurs, bit freezing, the drilling failure that bit wear is serious, processing accident, until drill bit machinery specific energy is less than rock shaft bottom confined pressure intensity level.
Further preferably, if rate of penetration declines gradually, mechanical specific energy increases gradually, and TORQ increases gradually, rises to some extent with pump pressure simultaneously, can be judged as bit balling phenomenon and occur; If rate of penetration declines gradually, mechanical specific energy increases gradually, and TORQ and pump pressure are without significant change, and after adjustment the pressure of the drill and rotating speed, rate of penetration is not improved, and may be that bit wear is serious; If rate of penetration declines suddenly, TORQ rises suddenly, raises and decentralizes drilling tool and is hampered, and is judged as bit freezing and occurs.
Utilize the bottom rock intensity of the method for the invention to somewhere a bite Overbalance Drilling, the mechanical specific energy of creeping into calculate, formation pore pressure coefficient is: 1.0～1.3g/cm
3, use drilling fluid density is 1.61g/cm
3.Result as shown in Figure 2, in the time creeping into more than 3450 meters, mechanical specific energy E
sat compressive strength of rock line σ
1below, drilling tool and the technique now implemented are substantially effective, but in the time creeping into 3460 meters, promoted the pressure of the drill, but this do not make rate of penetration get a promotion, and decreases on the contrary, makes mechanical specific energy E
sline has exceeded intensity σ
1curve, this has absolutely proved that the pressure of the drill W and rate of penetration ROP do not present linear relation, in the time that the pressure of the drill exceedes borderline failure point, continues to increase the increase that the pressure of the drill can not bring rate of penetration.As can be seen here, the model of foundation can be found out the borderline failure point of the drilling parameter such as the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, can play the object of real-time optimization drilling parameter, and drilling duty is effectively promoted on the existing basis of drilling well.
Fig. 3 is a certain under balance pressure drilling shaft bottom calculated examples, and formation pore pressure coefficient is: 1.1-1.3g/cm
3, use drilling fluid density is 1.0g/cm
3bottom rock intensity, the mechanical specific energy of creeping into are calculated, as seen from the figure, along with the increase of well depth, the Strength Changes of rock is little, just along with the increase of well depth has the trend slightly increasing, occurred in the drawings the process (A, B point in Fig. 3) that twice mechanical specific energy sharply increases, corresponding is the sharply decline of rate of penetration, and the author finds in the time consulting well history data, this is mainly because the misoperation of parameter causes, as shown in Figure 4.It can also be seen that, the method identification drilling parameter validity, therefore, for liquid, under balance pressure drilling remains effective to the strong rock strength computation model in shaft bottom that the present invention sets up.
Utilize this to a certain gas drilling bottom rock intensity, the mechanical specific energy of creeping into is calculated, result of calculation as shown in Figure 5, can find out, computational methods still show good description effect to gas drilling, though implemented the pressure of the drill of 50KN in Tu4Zhong A district its rate of penetration but between 5-10m/h, but the pressure of the drill is reduced to 30KN in Tu3Zhong B district, its drilling speed is but brought up between 8～15m/h, in gas drilling, the borderline failure point of drilling parameter still exists, therefore, the model that the present invention sets up shows good performance at description gas drilling aspect of performance.Although gas drilling shows brokenly the high efficiency of rock speed-raising, if drilling parameter is implemented rationally, speed-raising effect will be more superior.
The above; it is only the preferably specific embodiment of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; any be familiar with those skilled in the art the present invention disclose technical scope in, the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence replace all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. drilling parameter and an efficiency real-time optimization method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
The foundation of A bottom rock strength model:
A1 gathers the rock core of different aperture degree for certain rocks, measure the degree of porosity of the rock core that gathers;
A2 carries out three axle Rock Mechanics Test Ands for the rock core of different aperture degree, measures the compressive strength of rock under different confined pressures;
A3 utilizes particle swarm optimization algorithm to determine the parameter (a, b, c) in strength model:
σ
1-σ
3＝UCS
0(1+aσ
3 b)×exp(-φ×c)
σ in formula
1for three axle compressive strength of rock, σ
3for test confined pressure, UCS
0for the uniaxial compressive strength of rock when 0 degree of porosity, a, b, c is model coefficient,
B calculates shaft bottom confined pressure, adopts double Effective Stresses principle to calculate shaft bottom confined pressure, and its model is:
σ
3＝P
h-φ
cP
p
P in formula
hfor liquid column hydrostatic pressure, P
pfor pore pressure, φ
cfor rock contact degree of porosity, φ
cbe greater than body effecive porosity φ, be less than 1, get the median between φ and 1 for general rock,
, confined pressure strength model in shaft bottom can be expressed as:
σ
1＝UCS
0(1+a(P
h-φP
p)
b)×exp(-φ×c)
C calculates the broken rock machinery of drill bit specific energy, and formula is:
In formula, W is the pressure of the drill, A
bfor drill bit area, d
bdirect for drill bit, μ is the coefficient of sliding friction, and N is rotating speed, and ROP is rate of penetration,
First D carries out drilling extracting core, utilize the method in steps A to set up rock strength model, by according to drilling fluid density, character and formation pore pressure, be judged as any drilling mode, gas drilling can directly use uniaxial compressive strength if, otherwise utilize first formula in step B to calculate shaft bottom confined pressure, utilize the second formula to calculate rock strength under the confined pressure of shaft bottom, utilize log data to calculate drill bit machinery specific energy, the drill bit machinery specific energy and the shaft bottom confined pressure intensity that calculate are compared, if mechanical specific energy continues to be less than rock shaft bottom confined pressure intensity level, continue to creep into, if mechanical specific energy is greater than rock shaft bottom confined pressure value, adjust the pressure of the drill and rotary speed parameter, if there is no effect, judge whether shaft bottom bit balling occurs, bit freezing, the drilling failure that bit wear is serious, processing accident, until drill bit machinery specific energy is less than rock shaft bottom confined pressure intensity level.
2. drilling parameter according to claim 1 and efficiency real-time optimization method, is characterized in that, if rate of penetration declines gradually, machinery specific energy increases gradually, TORQ increases gradually, rises to some extent with pump pressure simultaneously, can be judged as bit balling phenomenon and occur; If rate of penetration declines gradually, mechanical specific energy increases gradually, and TORQ and pump pressure are without significant change, and after adjustment the pressure of the drill and rotating speed, rate of penetration is not improved, and may be that bit wear is serious; If rate of penetration declines suddenly, TORQ rises suddenly, raises and decentralizes drilling tool and is hampered, and is judged as bit freezing and occurs.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410005736.8A CN103790568B (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2014-01-07 | A kind of drilling parameter and efficiency real-time optimization method |
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| CN103790568B CN103790568B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
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