CN1811309A - Pulsate fluidizing drying machine - Google Patents
Pulsate fluidizing drying machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN1811309A CN1811309A CN 200510042417 CN200510042417A CN1811309A CN 1811309 A CN1811309 A CN 1811309A CN 200510042417 CN200510042417 CN 200510042417 CN 200510042417 A CN200510042417 A CN 200510042417A CN 1811309 A CN1811309 A CN 1811309A
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Abstract
The pulsate fluidizing drying machine includes a drying box, a fluidizing bed, a gas flow distributor, and a transmission unit. It features the fluidizing bed with a vibration unit for suspending inside the box, the bed gradually lowered in the material moving direction and the end connected to the material discharging port; the gas flow distributor approaching to the lower part of the fluidizing bed and comprising a transmission shaft, blades on fixed onto the shaft and a baffling board driven with the transmission unit; the increased guide unit below the gas flow distributor and vibrating unit. The present invention operates on pulsate gas flow distributing technology, is favorable to the heat transfer and heat transfer, and has high drying speed, high heat transferring efficiency, low power consumption, less cavitation damage, channeling, etc and excellent operation performance.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The invention provides a kind of pulsate fluidizing drying machine, belong to the mechanical equipment technical field that agricultural product are dehydrated.
Background technology
At present, the domestic agricultural product dried forms that generally adopts is the hot air convection drying, comprises fixed bed and common fluid bed etc.Wherein fixed bed drying speed is slower, and common fluid bed reaches fluidized state in order to make material, guarantees rate of drying, and thermal current pressure is generally all bigger, and flow velocity is higher, so energy consumption is bigger, and very easily produces phenomenons such as cavitation erosion, channel, local caking.With regard to production process, adopt common hot air convection mode that agricultural product are carried out drying, belong to typical labor-intensive industry, whole process of production manual operations link is many, production efficiency is low.In addition, the heated-air drying that adopts mostly is open at present, and after the drying, the hot blast of temperature up to 50 ℃ directly is discharged into workshop.Not only wasted the energy greatly, and contaminated environment, cause workman's working condition extremely abominable.In a word, problem such as existing hot air convection drying mode exists the energy consumption height, and link hand-manipulated is many, and production efficiency is low, its market competitiveness is worse and worse.
So-called gas fluidized drying is meant that material in the drying box is in dry run, by a kind of air-flow institute fluidisation of press the some cycles variation.When material carries out drying in this state, help suppressing phenomenons such as the often cavitation erosion of appearance, channel, local caking in the common fluid bed, improve the motion state of material particles in air-flow, help viscous material and the drying that is not easy the fluidisation material.It is compared with traditional fluid bed, has advantages such as the particle size range broad, heat and mass speed height, the energy-saving effect that adapt to material be obvious.Utilize the pulsate fluidizing principle that material is carried out drying, can also reduce the thermograde and the gradation of moisture of granule interior.Result of study shows, because the endocorpuscular pulsation of fluid bed, nusselt number is big when not pulsing, and pulsation phenomenon is obvious more, and the particle heat transfer coefficient is just big more.Therefore, the strong pulsation of fluid bed endoparticle is favourable to conducting heat in the bed.If aggravate the fluctuation intensity of this particle artificially, be a kind of efficient ways of further strengthening the fluid-bed heat transfer mass transport process.For above-mentioned principle and characteristics, we have obtained confirmation by the result of the test that the first generation pulsate fluidizing drying machine of developing is voluntarily obtained.
But, first generation pulsate fluidizing drying machine exist air-flow on bed, distribute even inadequately, problem such as there is certain pulsate fluidizing " dead band " in edge, and pulsation effect is not ideal enough.Take a broad view of the present situation of the dry industry of above-mentioned agricultural product, is badly in need of a kind ofly having that pulsation effect is good, rate of drying is fast, heat transfer efficiency is high, energy consumption is low, mass transport is smooth, and is easy to realize the drying equipment of advantages such as automatic control.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can overcome above-mentioned defective, pulsation effect is good, rate of drying is fast, heat transfer efficiency is high, energy consumption is low, mass transport is smooth pulsate fluidizing drying equipment.Its technical scheme is:
Comprise drying box, fluid bed, hot air supply device, flow distributor and transmission device, wherein the top of casing is provided with charging aperture and exhaust outlet, its sidewall is provided with the air inlet that connects hot air supply device, its underpart is provided with discharging opening, the fluid bed that is evenly equipped with hole is arranged in the drying box, press close to and be positioned on the flow distributor, it is characterized in that: flow distributor comprises power transmission shaft, blade and deep bead, wherein the two ends of power transmission shaft are supported on the casing by bearing, one end stretches out outside the casing, the driven sprocket of transmission device is equipped with in its end, the deep bead that a plurality of diameters begin to increase successively from air intake is housed on the power transmission shaft, many group blades are installed between the adjacent deep bead, set up guiding device and vibrating device, wherein the below of flow distributor is pressed close to and be positioned to guiding device, its air intake is aimed at air inlet, comprise near the riser of casing both sides inwalls and two ends and be fixed on a plurality of deflectors on the riser, the top edge of each deflector is concordant with the top edge of riser, its arc radius begins to increase successively to the other end from air intake, vibrating device involving vibrations device, flexible link, carriage and clamp, wherein vibrator is fixed on the lower end of flexible link by carriage, the upper end of flexible link penetrates casing and is fixed in the top of casing, fluid bed is by clamp and flexible link chucking, bed surface reduces gradually along the material moving direction, except that minimum blanking end, its excess-three limit is provided with rib, charging aperture is positioned at the top at fluid bed top, and discharging opening is positioned at the end of fluid bed.
Described pulsate fluidizing drying machine, be provided with multicompartment fluidized bed in the casing, every laminarization bed below all disposes flow distributor and guiding device, the incline direction of adjacent fluid bed bed surface is opposite, remove the orlop fluid bed, the blanking end of all the other fluid beds and cabinet wall leave certain blanking space and constitute blanking channel, and the bottom and the end correspondence of the guiding device of its below configuration be provided with horizontal baffle and vertical clapboard, constitute a cavity with the bed surface of wall box, fluid bed.
Described pulsate fluidizing drying machine, each laminarization bed is provided with shared thermal source, comprises heater, blower fan and airduct, and the air quantity of blower fan is adjustable, to adapt to the dry requirement of different material; Perhaps each laminarization bed is provided with independently thermal source, supplies with hot blast respectively.
Described pulsate fluidizing drying machine, every group of blade of flow distributor formed by three that are mutually 120 °; Perhaps every group of blade formed by two that are mutually 180 °, and the outer rim place circle diameter of each blade is than the little 3～4mm of inwall width of casing.
Described pulsate fluidizing drying machine, transmission device comprise motor, drive sprocket and driven sprocket, and driven sprocket is fixedly mounted on an end of power transmission shaft, is in transmission connection through chain and drive sprocket.
Described pulsate fluidizing drying machine is provided with heat-insulation layer in the tank wall of drying box.Material is scattering into the highest point of inclination fluid bed by charging aperture during work,
Its operation principle is: in the drying box one or more layers fluid bed can be set, the fluid bed below all disposes flow distributor and guiding device, and flow distributor is rotated by motor-driven.When flow distributor rotated, the spacing between blade outer rim and the both sides cabinet wall constantly changed, and promptly constantly opens or closes the both sides gas channel, thereby air-flow is blown in the bed of material with the hole that the form of pulsing sees through the fluid bed bed surface; The rotating speed that changes distributor can change ripple frequency, with satisfy different material in dry requirement; Because the diameter of deep bead begins to increase successively to the other end from air intake, thus will be by hot air supply device for the thermal current that comes, along whole box body length be assigned to more equably fluid bed below, be blown in the bed of material from the hole of bed surface.Guiding device is positioned at the below of flow distributor, its air intake is aimed at air inlet, because its arc radius begins to increase successively to the other end from air intake, be that the deflector lower end is more and more lower, it is more and more littler that gas channel cross section below it is begun to the other end from air intake, thereby further guaranteed the uniform drying along bed length.Vibrator is lifted on the top of casing by flexible link, fluid bed is again by clamp and flexible link chucking, and bed surface reduces gradually along the material moving direction, inclined, therefore, blow to air-flow in the bed of material when see through bed surface with the pulsation form, bed momently will be blown off by the material that charging aperture adds, fall back to bed surface afterwards again, but because the inclination of bed moves along parabolic path when making material leave bed surface, promptly fall the back position of bed surface of material is positioned at the place ahead of origin-location, thereby can accomplish that material can move continuously in drying, if when being provided with multicompartment fluidized bed, it is further dry that the material on upper strata can fall into down one deck by the blanking channel of fluid bed blanking end, and operation principle is identical, when water content reaches requirement after discharging opening flows out outside the drying box, so this equipment can be realized continuous production; The vibration that vibrator produced is delivered to bed by flexible link, forces material to produce micro breadth oscillation, has further strengthened the locomotivity of material, thereby has guaranteed the mass transport smoothness, avoids existing " dead band " and hinders moving of material; Change the air quantity of vibration frequency, bed inclination angle or the blower fan of vibrator, all can change the transporting velocity of material, to adapt to the dry requirement of different material; The bed surface of fluid bed is except that minimum blanking end, and its excess-three limit is provided with rib, in case material is from the both sides landing.
The present invention compares with common fluid bed with existing fixed bed, adopt the pulse pneumatic distribution technique, help the heat and mass of dry run, rate of drying is fast, heat transfer efficiency is high, specific energy consumption reduces about 15%, and is difficult for producing phenomenons such as cavitation erosion, channel, local caking; In addition, reduced occupation area of equipment, labor savings has been improved workman's work situation.Compare with first generation pulsate fluidizing drying machine, improved pulsation effect, guarantee the mass transport smoothness, further reduced specific energy consumption.In addition, parameters such as the vibration frequency of this equipment, ripple frequency, drying time, bed inclination angle, heating-up temperature and air velocity all can be adjusted, and can realize a tractor serves several purposes, therefore are a kind of novel dried equipment that is adapted to the dry trend of various agricultural product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention adopts two-layer fluid bed embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the present invention adopts one group of hot air supply device embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that the present invention adopts two groups of hot air supply device embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of flow distributor embodiment among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is an A-A cutaway view embodiment illustrated in fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of another embodiment of flow distributor among the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a B-B cutaway view embodiment illustrated in fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of guiding device among the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation that vibrating device is connected with fluid bed among the present invention.
Specific embodiments
1, casing 2, stock guide 3, blanking channel 4, rib 5, heater 6, charging aperture 7, exhaust outlet 8, discharging opening 19, motor 10, driven sprocket 11, chain 12, drive sprocket 13, dividing plate 14, fluid bed 15, power transmission shaft 16, blade 17, deep bead 18, deflector 19, riser 20, stiffener 21, vibrator 22, flexible link 23, carriage 24, clamp 25, blower fan 26, airduct 27, heat-insulation layer 28, base
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1,2,4,5,8,9, be provided with heat-insulation layer 27 in the tank wall of drying box 1, the top is provided with charging aperture 6 and exhaust outlet 7, and its sidewall is provided with the air inlet of air duct 26, and its underpart is provided with discharging opening 8.Be provided with the opposite two-layer fluid bed 14 of incline direction in the casing 1, be evenly equipped with some holes on the bed surface, vibrator 21 is fixed on the lower end of flexible link 22 by carriage 23, the upper end of flexible link 22 penetrates and is fixed in the top of casing 1, fluid bed 14 is hung in the casing 1 by clamp 24 and flexible link 22 chuckings, regulates the inclination angle that clamp 24 can be regulated fluid bed 14, the vibration frequency that the vibration frequency of adjusting vibrator 21 can be regulated fluid bed 14 is to adapt to the dry requirement of different material.Fluid bed 14 is except that minimum blanking end, its excess-three limit is provided with rib 4, and the highest point of upper strata fluid bed 14 is corresponding to charging aperture 6, bed surface reduces gradually along the material moving direction, inclined, so that utilize the panting action of air-flow and the vibration effect convey materials of vibrator 21, its blanking end and casing 1 inwall leave certain blanking space and constitute blanking channel 3, be convenient to material and from then on fall into lower floor's fluid bed 14, bed surface corresponding to lower floor's fluid bed 14 at blanking channel 3 places is the highest, and it is minimum to meet discharging opening 8 places.The bottom of every laminarization bed 14 all disposes flow distributor and guiding device, the two ends of the power transmission shaft 15 in the flow distributor are supported on the casing 1 by bearing, one end stretches out outside the casing 1, driven sprocket 10 is equipped with in its end, be in transmission connection through chain 11 and drive sprocket 12, drive running by motor 9, the rotating speed that changes motor 9 promptly changes the rotating speed of flow distributor, adapting to the dry requirement of different material, and can simplified structure.A plurality of deep beads 17 and many group blades 16 are housed on the power transmission shaft 15, and the quantity that the group number of blade 16 equals deep bead 17 subtracts 1, and each is organized blade 16 and is mutually 120 °, and the outer rim place circle diameter of each blade 16 is than the little 3mm of inwall width of casing 1.Therefore when flow distributor rotates, constantly open or close the both sides gas channel, its switching frequency is three times of flow distributor rotating speed, and the diameter of deep bead 17 begins to increase successively to the other end from air intake, and is even substantially with the assurance distribution of air flow.Guiding device 3 is positioned at the below of flow distributor, its air intake is aimed at air inlet, comprise near the riser 19 of casing 1 both sides inwall and two ends and be fixed on a plurality of deflectors 18 on the riser 19, the top edge of each deflector 18 is concordant with the top edge of riser 19, its arc radius begins to increase successively to the other end from air intake, further guarantees the uniformity of distribution of air flow.The bottom and the end correspondence of the guiding device of upper strata fluid bed 14 configurations are provided with horizontal baffle 13 and vertical clapboard 13, constitute a cavity with the bed surface of casing 1 sidewall, fluid bed 14, air inlet is the inlet of cavity, and the hole on fluid bed 14 bed surfaces is the outlet of cavity; The cavity of lower floor's fluid bed 14 is made of the bed surface of fluid bed 14 and bottom surface, casing 1 sidewall of casing 1, and principle is identical.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, each laminarization bed 14 is provided with independently thermal source, and the air quantity of blower fan 25 is adjustable, to satisfy the dry requirement of different material.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6,7, every group of blade 16 of flow distributor 2 is mutually 180 °, and the outer rim place circle diameter of each blade 16 is than the little 3mm of inwall width of casing 1.Therefore when distributor 2 rotates, constantly open or close gas channel, its switching frequency is the twice of distributor 2 rotating speeds; The rotating speed of distributor 2 is adjustable, to satisfy the dry requirement of different material; The diameter of deep bead 17 begins to increase successively to the other end from air intake, to guarantee that distribution of air flow is even substantially.
The invention provides a kind of pulsate fluidizing drying machine, comprise drying box 1, transmission device, flow distributor 2, guiding device 3, vibratory feed 4 and heater 5.It is characterized in that: casing 1 is made up of multilayer, separates with dividing plate 13 between per two layer box bodies 1, and the inside respectively is provided with a flow distributor 2, guiding device 3 and one deck fluid bed 14.Vibrator 21 is lifted on the top of casing 1 by flexible link 22, fluid bed 14 is clamped on the middle part of flexible link 22 again by clamp 24, fluid bed 14 reduces gradually along the material moving direction, inclined, so that utilize the panting action of air-flow and the vibration effect of vibrator 21, make material in drying to the front lower place landing, thereby can realize continuous production.The present invention adopts the pulse pneumatic distribution technique, helps the heat and mass of dry run, and rate of drying is fast, heat transfer efficiency is high, and specific energy consumption reduces, and is difficult for producing phenomenons such as cavitation erosion, channel, local caking; And improved pulsation effect, made the mass transport smoothness; In addition, parameters such as the vibration frequency of this equipment, ripple frequency, drying time, bed inclination angle, heating-up temperature and air velocity all can be adjusted, and can realize a tractor serves several purposes.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of pulsate fluidizing drying machine, comprise drying box (1), fluid bed (14), hot air supply device, flow distributor and transmission device, wherein the top of casing (1) is provided with charging aperture (6) and exhaust outlet (7), its sidewall is provided with the air inlet that connects hot air supply device, its underpart is provided with discharging opening (8), the fluid bed (14) that is evenly equipped with hole is arranged in the casing (1), press close to and be positioned on the flow distributor, it is characterized in that: set up guiding device and vibrating device, vibrating device involving vibrations device (21), flexible link (22), carriage (23) and clamp (24), wherein vibrator (21) is fixed on the lower end of flexible link (22) by carriage (23), the upper end of flexible link (22) penetrates casing (1) and is fixed in the top of casing (1), fluid bed (14) is by clamp (24) and flexible link (22) chucking, bed surface reduces gradually along the material moving direction, except that minimum blanking end, its excess-three limit is provided with rib (4), charging aperture (6) is positioned at the top at fluid bed (14) top, discharging opening (8) is positioned at the end of fluid bed (14), flow distributor comprises power transmission shaft (15), blade (16) and deep bead (17), wherein the two ends of power transmission shaft (15) are supported on the casing (1) by bearing, one end stretches out outside the casing (1), the driven sprocket (10) of transmission device is equipped with in its end, the deep bead (17) that a plurality of diameters begin to increase successively from air intake is housed on the power transmission shaft (15), many group blades (16) are installed between the adjacent deep bead (17), wherein the below of flow distributor is pressed close to and be positioned to guiding device, its air intake is aimed at air inlet, comprise near the riser (19) of casing (1) both sides inwalls and two ends and be fixed on a plurality of deflectors (18) on the riser (19), the top edge of each deflector (18) is concordant with the top edge of riser (19), and its arc radius begins to increase successively to the other end from air intake.
2, as claim 1 described pulsate fluidizing drying machine, it is characterized in that: be provided with multicompartment fluidized bed (14) in the casing (1), every laminarization bed (14) below all disposes flow distributor and guiding device, the incline direction of adjacent fluid bed (14) bed surface is opposite, except that orlop fluid bed (14), blanking end of all the other fluid beds (14) and casing (1) inwall leave certain blanking space and constitute blanking channel (3), and the bottom and the end correspondence of the guiding device of its below configuration are provided with level, vertical clapboard (13) is with casing (1) sidewall, the bed surface of fluid bed (14) constitutes a cavity.
3, as claim 1 described pulsate fluidizing drying machine, it is characterized in that: each laminarization bed (14) is provided with shared hot air supply device, comprises heater (5), blower fan (25) and airduct (26), and the air quantity of blower fan (25) is adjustable.
4, pulsate fluidizing drying machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: each laminarization bed (14) is provided with independently hot air supply device, comprises heater (5), blower fan (25) and airduct (26), and the air quantity of blower fan (25) is adjustable.
5, pulsate fluidizing drying machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: every group of blade (16) of flow distributor formed by three that are mutually 120 °, and the outer rim place circle diameter of each blade (16) is than the little 3～4mm of inwall width of casing (1).
6, pulsate fluidizing drying machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: every group of blade (16) of flow distributor formed by two that are mutually 180 °, and the outer rim place circle diameter of each blade (16) is than the little 3～4mm of inwall width of casing (1).
7, pulsate fluidizing drying machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: transmission device comprises motor (9), drive sprocket (12) and driven sprocket (10), driven sprocket (10) is fixedly mounted on an end of power transmission shaft (15), is in transmission connection through chain (11) and drive sprocket (12).
8, pulsate fluidizing drying machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with heat-insulation layer (27) in the tank wall of casing (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100424175A CN100420910C (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | Pulsate fluidizing drying machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100424175A CN100420910C (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | Pulsate fluidizing drying machine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1811309A true CN1811309A (en) | 2006-08-02 |
| CN100420910C CN100420910C (en) | 2008-09-24 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100424175A Expired - Fee Related CN100420910C (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | Pulsate fluidizing drying machine |
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| CN (1) | CN100420910C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111006483A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-14 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Cross-flow type internal circulation aquatic product drying device |
| CN111059867A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-24 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Pulsation vacuum rotary dryer |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2430582A1 (en) * | 1978-07-05 | 1980-02-01 | Kishinevsky Politekhn Ins | Dryer for powdered materials with fluidised bed drying chamber - incorporates vibratory grid preventing agglomeration and reducing drying agent consumption (pt 6.4.79) |
| CN87201262U (en) * | 1987-04-18 | 1988-01-27 | 上海市能源研究所 | A diversion heat wind oven with split-wind plate |
| CN2061264U (en) * | 1990-02-25 | 1990-08-29 | 无锡县粮食科学研究设计所 | Double-layer fluidizing dryer |
| DK9891A (en) * | 1991-01-21 | 1992-09-15 | Techdania I S V Sven T Aaen Og | PROCEDURE FOR CONTINUOUS DISINTEGRATION AND / OR DRYING OF PASTA, SLAM, PRESSURE CAKE, FILTER CAKE OR LIKE, ISSUE FIBROSICAL MATERIALS AND APPARATUS FOR EXERCISING THE PROCEDURE |
| CN2114796U (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1992-09-02 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Multi-layer multi-chamber fluidized bed dryer |
| JPH0763478A (en) * | 1993-08-24 | 1995-03-10 | Ube Ind Ltd | Vibration fluidized bed apparatus |
| CN2201633Y (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1995-06-21 | 东北大学 | Vibration combination fluidized bed drier |
| CN2554574Y (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2003-06-04 | 任红兵 | Multi-layer vibration fluidized bed dryer |
| CN2766204Y (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2006-03-22 | 山东理工大学 | Pulsofluidized drying machine |
-
2005
- 2005-01-27 CN CNB2005100424175A patent/CN100420910C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111006483A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-14 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Cross-flow type internal circulation aquatic product drying device |
| CN111006483B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-22 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Cross-flow type internal circulation aquatic product drying device |
| CN111059867A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-24 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Pulsation vacuum rotary dryer |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100420910C (en) | 2008-09-24 |
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| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Assignee: Shandong Luwei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Assignor: Shandong University of Technology Contract fulfillment period: 2008.8.5 to 2014.8.4 contract change Contract record no.: 2009370000121 Denomination of invention: Pulsate fluidizing drying machine Granted publication date: 20080924 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 2009.6.25 |
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Free format text: EXCLUSIVE LICENSE; TIME LIMIT OF IMPLEMENTING CONTACT: 2008.8.5 TO 2014.8.4; CHANGE OF CONTRACT Name of requester: SHANDONG LUWEI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. Effective date: 20090625 |
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