CN1802225A - Device and method for controllably cooling thick steel plate - Google Patents
Device and method for controllably cooling thick steel plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN1802225A CN1802225A CN 200480015840 CN200480015840A CN1802225A CN 1802225 A CN1802225 A CN 1802225A CN 200480015840 CN200480015840 CN 200480015840 CN 200480015840 A CN200480015840 A CN 200480015840A CN 1802225 A CN1802225 A CN 1802225A
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Abstract
A device for controllably cooling a thick steel plate capable of suppressing the occurrence of a difference in the hardness of the thick steel plate between the surface and the center thereof without lowering rolling efficiency and efficiently mass-producing the thick steel plate with low yield ratio, wherein a gentle cooling zone in which steel structure is partially transformed into ferrite is disposed on the outlet side of a rolling machine and a rapid cooling zone in which the remaining austenite is transformed into perlite, bainite, and martensite is disposed on the rear side of the gentle cooling zone. Namely, the gentle cooling zone and the rapid cooling zone controllable independently of each other are disposed in that order.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cooling device of steel plate, specially refer to and a kind ofly produce equably with the fast speeds cooling and on the thickness of slab direction of steel plate, have the inhomogeneity steel plate of good material, and can stably make the cooling device and the control cooling means of the steel plate of low-yield ratio thick steel plate.
Background technology
In the manufacturing of steel plate, in order to ensure the required engineering properties of steel plate, particularly guarantee its intensity and toughness, after rolling, control cooling.When the control cooling,, make cooling velocity very fast mostly from the angle of high strength, high tenacity.But make in the control coolant that cooling velocity accelerates this, because the cooling velocity on the top layer of steel plate is greater than the cooling velocity of thickness of slab direction central part, therefore its intensity, hardness have the tendency bigger than the thickness of slab central part of steel plate, can have problems on the material uniformity guaranteeing.
And different with it, in the last few years in order to ensure vibration strength, steel for building are required to reduce by " yield point/hot strength " defined yield ratio." build Building with Steel material yield ratio To つ い て " (about yield ratio of steel for building) as the 951st～961 page of No. (1988) the 6th, " iron と Steel " (iron and steel) the 74th volume is described; be that a kind of commitment in distortion makes steel produce plastic deformation; the strain energy of distortion that earthquake is produced disappears; thus the technology that makes building avoid collapsing was standardized as JIS G 3136 (SN specification) in the last few years.This low yielding ratioization, as the shock-resistant purpose that absorbs energy, its demand is very high in boats and ships, pipeline steel tube etc.
Low yielding ratio steel plate with this material characteristic is except making by controlled rolling, for example commemorate described in lecture " new い Time makes The る Gao Machine energy Steel plate for the The Chong " documents such as (creating the high function steel plate of New Times) as the 159th, 160 Western Hills of Japanese iron and steel institute, also can make by the following method: after rolling, make the part of steel plate tissue carry out ferrite transformation, make the low body of remaining Austria become bainite etc. mutually, form two phase constitutions by chilling.But, when quickening to cool off, be easy to produce the inhomogeneous of cooling in the steel plate, problems such as material is discrete, generation distortion can occur, thereby mass-produced efficiently problem occur being difficult to.
The reason that these problems produce is: generally speaking, because the thickness of steel plate is bigger, therefore cooling velocity is fast more, the cooling velocity of surface of steel plate is more fast than central portion, and only there is surface element to be cooled to low-temperature region, therefore the surface texture granular that becomes is perhaps carried out phase transformation and is become the high bainite structure of strength level at low-temperature region.In order to solve this variety of issue of following the high speed cooling of steel plate and producing, following motion appears.
At first, as preventing case hardness, the method that surface strength is higher than hardness, the intensity at center, patent documentation 1 discloses the manufacture method of high-tensile steel as follows: in hot rolling, depress except carry out 40～70% accumulation in the temperature below 900 ℃, and to make finishing temperature be Ar
3Transformation temperature is above, Ar
3Below+50 ℃, the surface of steel plate temperature is Ar in rolling back
3(t is a thickness of slab to-1.625t, mm) above, not enough Ar
3The time begin to carry out water-cooled, be quenched to temperature below 500 ℃ with the cooling velocity of 2～50 ℃/sec.And, patent documentation 2 discloses method as described below: when high temperature steel plate hot rolling, that temperature deviation is arranged in the plate is carried out water-cooled, surface temperature to low-temp. portion becomes till 630～530 ℃, the cooling velocity above with 5 ℃/s, that 15 ℃/s is following is cooled off, and then cools off with the above cooling velocity of 25 ℃/s.Further, disclose following method in the patent documentation 3: steel billet contains in weight %: C:0.05～0.20%, Si:0.05～0.50%, Mn:0.8～2.0%, Al:0.01～0.10%, Nb:0.005～0.050%, Ti:0.005～0.050%, and satisfy below 0.40% with the Ceq shown in the Ceq=C+Si/24+Mn/6+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/4+V/14 (%), surplus is made of Fe and unavoidable impurities, after this steel billet is heated to be temperature more than 1100 ℃, above 850 ℃, finish rolling in the temperature range till 900 ℃, make cooling beginning temperature for more than (rolling end temp-50 ℃) afterwards, cooling velocity with 3～12 ℃/sec is cooled to less than 500 ℃, temperature range more than 400 ℃, thus the difference of hardness of making the thickness of slab direction is less, the steel plate of 50,000 grades the low yielding ratio high-tension that thickness of slab 50mm is above.
On the other hand, as the method for making the low yielding ratio steel plate, except above-mentioned patent documentation 3, patent documentation 4 discloses the method that manufacturing as follows has the low yielding ratio steel plate of excellent toughness: steel billet contains C≤0.18% in weight %, Si :≤0.55%, Mn :≤1.5%, P :≤0.040%, S≤0.040%, and add alloying element as required, with the carbon equivalent shown in the C+Si/24+Mn/6+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/4+V/14 is below the 0.44 weight %, surplus is made of Fe and unavoidable impurities, after being heated to be more than 900 ℃ this steel billet below 1250 ℃, at Ar
3More than the point, finish the rolling of reduction ratio 〉=50%, then from Ar
3The above temperature of point begins, and the cooling velocity preparation above with 5 ℃/s is cooled to Ar
3Below-20 ℃, Ar
3More than-100 ℃, making surface of steel plate temperature backheat afterwards is Ar
3Below-20 ℃, Ar
3More than-100 ℃, and once more with the cooling velocity that surpasses 15 ℃/s be cooled to below 600 ℃, to 400 ℃.
Patent documentation 1: special public clear 62-4449 communique
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens the 2001-164323 communique
Patent documentation 3: special fair 7-116504 communique
Patent documentation 4: special fair 7-74379 communique
Summary of the invention
These patent documentation 1～3 described methods all have the inhomogeneity effect of material of the thickness of slab direction of improving steel plate within the specific limits.But in the patent documentation 1 described method, improve the accumulation reduction ratio of the lower temperature below 900 ℃, and make finishing temperature drop to Ar
3Till near the transformation temperature, therefore there is the problem of rolling efficiency decline.And, in the patent documentation 2 described methods, make that minimum surface temperature is cooled to till 530 ℃～630 ℃ in the plate after the slow cooling, in the cooling way, be converted to chilling from slow cooling, but, therefore on the repeatability of effect, have problems because the surface of steel plate temperature after the slow cooling is difficult to grasp.Further, in the patent documentation 3 described methods, 500 ℃ of less thaies, the cooling velocity more than 400 ℃ are slower, be 3～12 ℃/s, therefore have the problem of disposal ability decline, and, because the difference of the cooperation of alloying element also can produce the problem that can't obtain sufficient material characteristic.
On the other hand, according to patent documentation 3,4 disclosed methods, can make the low yielding ratio steel plate on principle, but the method for patent documentation 3 as mentioned above, because it is less to the cooling velocity more than 400 ℃ from 500 ℃ of less thaies, be 3～12 ℃/s, therefore have the problem of disposal ability decline, and on the other hand, patent documentation 4 needs backheat after the cooling of slow cooling band, therefore need the stand-by time under this purpose, thereby rolling required time is increased, be difficult to produce in a large number.
Problem of the present invention is to solve the problem that relates in the above-mentioned prior art, its purpose is to provide a kind of rolling efficiency that can not cause to reduce, can with the surface of steel plate-in the heart the generation of difference of hardness suppress lessly, and can produce the steel plate control cooling device of the steel plate of low yielding ratio efficiently, in a large number, and utilize this manufacturing installation to cool off with fast speeds equably and make the manufacture method that on the thickness of slab direction, has the good inhomogeneity steel plate of material of steel plate.
The control cooling device of the steel plate that the present invention relates to is: make structure of steel partly carry out the slow cooling band of ferrite transformation in the setting of roller mill outlet side, making remaining austenite phase transformation in its back side setting is pearlite, bainite, martensitic chilling band.That is the control cooling device of the steel plate that, the present invention relates to sets gradually slow cooling band and the chilling band that can distinguish independent control at the outlet side of slab roller mill.
In the control cooling device of above-mentioned steel plate, the slow cooling band preferably has provides the cooling capacity of the cooling velocity of 5～15 ℃/s to thickness of slab for the steel plate of 25mm, and with the relation of thickness of slab in, preferably having thickness of slab is that the steel plate of t (mm) provides 238/t
1.2℃/s is above, 713/t
1.2℃/cooling capacity of the following cooling velocity of s.And, with the relation of water yield density in, being preferably can be with 100～500l/minm
2The equipment of water yield density water flowing.
In the control cooling device of above-mentioned steel plate, the chilling band preferably has provides the cooling capacity of the cooling velocity of 30 ℃/s to thickness of slab for the steel plate of 25mm, and with the relation of thickness of slab in, preferably having thickness of slab is that the steel plate of t (mm) provides 1425/t
1.2℃/cooling capacity of the above cooling velocity of s.And, with the relation of water yield density in, being preferably can be with 1500l/minm
2The equipment of water yield density water flowing.
And, the control cooling device of above-mentioned steel plate preferably has: the thermometer that is used to measure the surface temperature of the steel plate by the slow cooling band, with according to and the measurement result of the surface of steel plate temperature of this thermometer measure set the cooling condition of chilling band, and according to the operation control device of this control chilling band that imposes a condition, and then preferably have: the thermometer of surface of steel plate temperature that is used to measure the slab roller mill outlet side of the front face side that is arranged on the slow cooling band, with according to and the measurement result of the surface of steel plate temperature of this thermometer measure set the cooling condition of slow cooling band, and according to this control slow cooling band operation control device that imposes a condition.This operation control device preferably stops temperature with the cooling of the control of the temperature more than 600 ℃ slow cooling band.
And the control cooling device of above-mentioned steel plate preferably is provided with the air cooling band between slow cooling band and chilling band, has the thermometer of the surface temperature that is used to measure the steel plate by the slow cooling band in this air cooling band.
Utilization sets gradually the slow cooling band that can distinguish independent control and the control cooling device of chilling tape thickness steel plate at the outlet side of above-mentioned steel plate roller mill, to thickness of slab be the steel plate of t (mm) in this slow cooling band with 238/t
1.2℃/s is above, 713/t
1.2℃/the following cooling velocity of s cools off, afterwards in above-mentioned chilling band with 1425/t
1.2℃/the above cooling velocity of s cools off, and can cool off with big speed equably and be manufactured on the thickness of slab direction of steel plate and have the inhomogeneity steel plate of good material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the key diagram of basic mode of the control cooling device of expression steel plate of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the key diagram of the specific embodiment of the control cooling device of expression steel plate of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the key diagram of the definition of the temperature and time of the basis of employed conduct calculating cooling velocity among expression the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that expression is determined required cooling velocity for the steel plate of thickness of slab 25mm and the steel plate of thickness of slab 40mm by computing formula, and the chart of the temperature course of surface of steel plate when cooling off with it and central portion.
The schematic diagram of the surface of steel plate temperature when Fig. 5 is expression cooling down high-temperature steel plate and the relation of heat stream (amount of reducing phlegm and internal heat of unit are, unit interval).
Fig. 6 utilizes the control cooling device of steel plate of the present invention to control the schematic diagram of the logical plate mode of cooling.
The implication of the label among Fig. 1 to Fig. 6 is as follows.
1: steel plate, 2: steel plate roller mill, 10: slow cooling band, 11: base, 12:(laminar flow) current, 13: nozzle, 20: chilling band, 21: base, 22: gap nozzle, 31,32,33: thermometer, 40: control operational part, 41, operational part, 42: control part, 51: air cooling band
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is the key diagram of basic mode of the control cooling device of expression steel plate of the present invention.As shown in the drawing, in the present invention, set gradually slow cooling band 10 and chilling band 20 at the outlet side of steel plate roller mill 2.Slow cooling band 10 is to rolling for the steel plate 1 of final thickness of slab carries out slow cooling by steel plate roller mill 2, makes the part of steel plate carry out the band territory of ferrite transformation.Relative with it, chilling band 20 is to be received in above-mentioned slow cooling band 10 to make skin section carry out the steel plate 1 of ferrite transformation and it is carried out chilling, makes the remaining austenite structure of control become the band territory of pearlite, bainite, martensite etc. mutually.As mentioned above, cut apart by function, can carry out stable organizational controls expeditiously, thereby can be manufactured on the steel plate that has uniform material on the thickness of slab direction, and the low steel plate of yield ratio efficiently by the salband that makes steel plate.Below this structure is specifically described.
Because this slow cooling band 10 is to make the surface layer part ground of steel plate carry out the band territory of ferrite transformation, so its cooling capacity, can obtains 5～15 ℃/s for the steel plate of thickness of slab 25mm and get final product.If be lower than 5 ℃/s, then cool time elongated, can't be rolled with the steel plate roller mill in during it, rolling efficiency descends, and when surpassing 15 ℃/s, has in the skin section generation as the bainite of hard phase, martensitic worry.
The cooling velocity here is according to each temperature shown in Figure 3, the definition of water-cooled time, defines by in following cooling velocity 1 or 2 any one:
Cross section mean temperature when the cross section mean temperature-cooling during cooling velocity 1:(cooling beginning finishes)/the water-cooled time
Surface temperature when the surface temperature-cooling before the cooling velocity 2:(cooling finishes the rear surface backheat)/the water-cooled time
These cooling velocities are essentially identical value when cooling conditions such as thickness of slab, cooling water inflow, cool time are consistent.This be because: in cooling velocity 2, be that benchmark calculates with the surface temperature, when not producing temperature difference between surface of steel plate and the central portion (part of thickness of slab 1/2 is also referred to as " 1/2t "), surface of steel plate temperature and cross section mean temperature approximately equal.In addition, in the stage before cooling, do not produce temperature difference between surface of steel plate and the central portion.And, also disappear in the temperature difference of cooled backheat stage surface of steel plate and central portion.
Why give aforesaid two kinds of definition to cooling velocity, be because have the following advantages: for example cooling velocity 1, calculates the temperature course in the cooling and determine when numerical computations and use easily on cool time etc.; Cooling velocity 2 is provided with when thermometer carries out quality management in the front and back of cooling device in practical operation and uses easily, distinguish these occasions and use very convenient actually.
Above-mentioned cooling velocity, water-cooled ability that can be by making slow cooling band 10 is for to give 238/t as the function of thickness of slab t (mm)
1.2℃/s is above, 713/t
1.2℃/the following cooling velocity of s obtains.This benchmark makes necessary cooling velocity give as the function of thickness of slab, and utilizes its decision water-cooled ability corresponding with thickness of slab.
So, cooling velocity even cooling capacity are determined as the function of thickness of slab, when applying cooling water for cooling metal sheets, heat moves from the surface of steel plate, the surface of the big more steel plate of thickness of slab and the temperature difference of central part are big more, and therefore when when the different steel plate of thickness of slab is suitable for same cooling velocity, thickness of slab is big more, its surface and the temperature difference at center are big more, and the material that is easy to take place the thickness of slab direction more is poor.Above-mentioned function has been considered the influence of the temperature difference that this thickness of slab causes, reduces cooling velocity when thickness of slab is big, thereby the material at the surface of minimizing steel plate and center is poor.
Fig. 4 is that expression is suitable for by the 713/t as the cooling velocity higher limit to the steel plate of thickness of slab 25mm and the steel plate of thickness of slab 40mm
1.2℃/chart of the surface of steel plate when cooling velocity that s tries to achieve is cooled off and the temperature course of central portion.As can be seen from Figure 4, when thickness of slab 25mm, cooling velocity (trying to achieve according to the aforementioned calculation formula) is 15 ℃/s, when thickness of slab is 40mm, cooling velocity (trying to achieve according to the aforementioned calculation formula) is 8.5 ℃/s, but the thermograde of both surface of steel plate is identical value substantially.
Though also form based on steel plate, but rule of thumb, in order on surface of steel plate, to suppress the generation of hard phases such as bainite, martensite, generate the ferrite of scheduled volume, the cooling velocity when thickness of slab is 25mm (trying to achieve according to the aforementioned calculation formula) gets final product below being set at 15 ℃/s.Therefore, if make cooling velocity can be 713/t according to the thickness of slab maximum
1.2℃/s and determine the water-cooled ability, can not waste equipment, and when thickness of slab 40mm, also can generate the ferrite of scheduled volume.
On the other hand, under thickness of slab 25mm, give and the condition of the thermograde of the equal surface of steel plate of 5 ℃/s of cooling velocity and above-mentioned the same, be decided to be 238/t
1.2℃.Therefore, determine the water-cooled ability, then can realize can not producing the control cooling device of degradation problem under the rolling efficiency as long as realize the cooling velocity that this value is above.
More specifically, described water-cooled ability can make cooling water inflow adjust in the scope of 50～2000t/h, and by make nozzle be the pipe laminar-type realize.And so long as can realize above-mentioned cooling capacity, form of nozzle can be selected from splash type, laminar-type, ejection-type, aerial fog type etc.And, if the water yield density of this moment is 100l/minm
2～500l/minm
2, then can obtain stable slow cooling, thereby can carry out above-mentioned ferrite transformation effectively.
And,, preferably make the cooling of slow cooling band 10 stop temperature and can be in the scope more than 600 ℃ form and set according to steel plate in order in this slow cooling band 10, steel plate skin section or steel plate integral thickness to be carried out ferrite transformation.This be because: if the cooling on the slow cooling band stops temperature is more than 600 ℃, can then carry out stable ferrite transformation, can be manufactured on the steel plate that has uniform material on the thickness of slab direction, and the low steel plate of yield ratio, but when being lower than 600 ℃, on the steel plate skin section, generate bainite, the martensite of hard phase, case-hardened worry is arranged.Therefore, preferably make cooling stop temperature by setting to be controlled at function more than 600 ℃ to slow cooling band 10 is additional.
The cooling here stops temperature and is meant, the cross section mean temperature the when cooling among Fig. 3 finishes, the surface temperature when perhaps cooling finishes the rear surface backheat.Cooling stops temperature and has two definition, and the same with the cooling velocity of above-mentioned explanation, it is identical temperature, and it is distinguished to use with the differentiation of above-mentioned cooling velocity and uses identical getting final product.
By having the slow cooling band of above-mentioned functions, in cooling procedure, can make the ferritic phase of scheduled volume be created on the steel plate top layer, by the setting of this slow cooling band, have the effect that steel plate is evenly cooled off simultaneously in its face.
Below it is carried out simple declaration.The schematic diagram of the relation of surface of steel plate temperature when Fig. 5 is the cooling down high-temperature steel plate and heat stream (amount of reducing phlegm and internal heat in unit are, unit interval).As shown in it, under the higher state of surface of steel plate temperature, the water that surface of steel plate exists is film boiling, is nucleateboiling in low-temperature region.Be transition boiling in the medium temperature zone between high-temperature area and low-temperature region.
In film boiling, between surface of steel plate and cooling water, produce vapor film, conduct the state that becomes heat conduction by the heat in this vapor film, cooling capacity is lower.Relative with it, in nucleateboiling, surface of steel plate directly contacts with cooling water, and this complex phenomena of condensing, disappear (generation of vapour bubble, disappearance) that the vapour bubble that the part that cooling water takes place produces from the surface of steel plate evaporation cools off by the cooling water that surrounds them, because the stirring of following this phenomenon to produce cooling water, so cooling capacity is very high.But, in these zones, has the low more characteristic of the low more heat stream of temperature as shown in the figure, even therefore in the steel plate face, there is the low position of temperature, also owing to the difference of heat stream is eliminated the interior temperature difference of steel plate face, can not produce so-called inhomogeneous cooling, can not produce distortion etc. yet, its dimensionally stable.
In the medium temperature zone in these film boiling zones and nucleateboiling zone, become the transition boiling state that film boiling and nucleateboiling mix the state that exists.Under this transition boiling state, different with nucleateboiling or film boiling, as shown in the figure, along with steel billet temperature reduces, it is big that heat stream becomes.So before cooling, when having non-uniform temperature in the steel plate face, position that temperature is lower in cooling procedure and then cooling, temperature difference enlarges in the face.
Generally speaking, it is many more to drop into the water yield, and the temperature that transition boiling begins is tended to uprise, at 5～15 ℃/s of cooling velocity or the water yield density 100～500l/minm as the operating condition of slow cooling band of the present invention
2Down, when the cooling of slow cooling band stops temperature is more than 600 ℃ the time, water-cooled mechanism can be to stablize film boiling completely when the thickness range 9～100mm of steel plate, except can in the steel plate face, cooling off uniformly, also obtain to carry out the stable ferrite transformation and the advantage of stable material quality.
Follow slow cooling band 10 closely and be provided with chilling band 20 with above-mentioned characteristic.This chilling band 20 is the band territories that are received in the steel plate 1 of slow cooling band 10 mesexine portion ferrite transformations and carry out chilling.Chilling band 20 clips the roll line of steel plate 1 and is disposing the base 21 that water-cooled is used up and down as shown in Figure 2, and from gap nozzle mounted thereto 22, high pressure jet stream is ejected on the steel plate.
This chilling band 20 is that the major part of steel plate is carried out chilling, and the remaining austenite that will control not phase transformation in the slow cooling band becomes the band territory of pearlite, bainite, martensite etc. mutually mutually, therefore its water-cooled ability is preferably, the cooling velocity that makes the steel plate surface when being benchmark be with the steel plate of thickness of slab 25mm 30 ℃/more than the s.The water-cooled ability is that the cooling at thickness of slab center is slack-off when being lower than 30 ℃/s under 25mm, is difficult to obtain obtaining by the control cooling advantage of high strength.
This cooling velocity, water-cooled ability that can be by making slow cooling band 10 for as the function of thickness of slab t (mm) at 1425/t
1.2℃/s with on obtain.This benchmark makes necessary cooling velocity give as the function of thickness of slab, and utilizes its decision water-cooled ability corresponding with thickness of slab.
As mentioned above, cooling velocity is determined as the function of thickness of slab because consider: when applying cooling water for cooling metal sheets, heat moves from the surface of steel plate, the surface of the big more steel plate of thickness of slab and the distance of central part are big more, the hot amount of movement that conduction causes from the heat of steel plate inside is according to Fu Li leaf law, the big more amount of being somebody's turn to do of distance is few more, therefore when thickness of slab becomes big, even increase the cooling capacity that cooling water improves the surface, by the heat of steel plate inside conduction control speed, the cooling velocity at center can not rise yet.Above-mentioned function is the function that calculates for the advantage that obtains the formed material of high cooling velocity near critical cooling velocity.
In order to realize this cooling velocity, particularly, cooling water inflow can be adjusted in the scope of 2000～5000t/h.And from the angle of even cooling, in the chilling band, the preferred water metric density is 1500l/minm
2This be because: as top shown in Figure 5, when cooling off under the transition boiling zone, the temperature deviation before the cooling enlarges, if cool off more than the water yield with this, then becomes the nucleateboiling state fully, can dwindle the temperature difference in the steel plate face that exists before the chilling.
According to inventor's research, when utilizing the slot injection nozzle with 1500l/minm
2Water yield density when cooling off, can obtain 1425/t when in thickness range 9～100mm, making thickness of slab be t (mm)
1.2℃/the above cooling velocity of s.And, employed nozzle is preferably as above-mentioned slot injection nozzle in the chilling band, impact height when cooling water collides steel plate, has the momental nozzle of breaking the film boiling that may in cooling, produce, if but satisfy above-mentioned condition, also can use nozzles such as splash type, laminar-type, ejection-type, aerial fog type.And it must be to satisfy to make steel plate finish the temperature that becomes microscopic structure mutually till its central part that the cooling of this chilling band stops temperature, therefore preferably makes the chilling band set the function that cooling stops temperature additional the composition according to steel plate.
The chilling band that has above-mentioned functions by setting, the austenite of phase transformation becomes pearlite, bainite, the martensite etc. mutually mutually except making in the slow cooling band not, also can evenly cool off for temperature arbitrarily even make the cooling of chilling band stop temperature, can make the few steel plate of distortion.
Have above-mentioned slow cooling band 10 and chilling band 20 steel plate the control cooling device further as shown in Figure 2, the thermometer 31,32,33 and the cooling controller 40 that preferably have the surface temperature that is used to measure steel plate 1, this cooling controller 40 have according to the operational part 41 of the cooling condition of setting above-mentioned salband 10,20 from the surface of steel plate temperature information of these thermometers and according to the control part 42 of the signal controlling salband 10,20 of this operational part 41.And, between slow cooling band and chilling band, air cooling band 51 is set, the preferred thermometer of using by the surface of steel plate temperature measuring of slow cooling band 32 that is provided with in this air cooling band.
Promptly, for the material uniformity of further realization as the thickness of slab direction of the steel plate of the object of the invention, thereby at the outlet side of slow cooling band 10 thermometer 32 is set and measures surface temperature by the steel plate of slow cooling band, further according to this result, for stopping temperature, the cooling that makes chilling band 20 becomes predetermined value, determine cooling conditions such as plate speed, cooling water inflow by above-mentioned operation control device 40 (built-in chilling ribbon gymnastics is made the condition control part), and can operate control according to this result.So, before steel plate 1 enters the chilling band, can confirm the Temperature Distribution of skin section, and according to the cooling condition of its change chilling band, therefore can solve the problem that being difficult in the patent documentation 2 described inventions grasp the surface of steel plate temperature after the slow cooling, when higher production efficiency can be kept, in the chilling band, can control the growing amount of bainite grade in an imperial examination two phase constitutions in the steel plate with repeatability preferably.
And, front face side (or outlet side of roller mill 2) at slow cooling band 10 also is provided with thermometer 31, can measure the surface temperature of rolling steel plate 1 afterwards, according to this result, for stopping temperature, the cooling that makes slow cooling band 10 becomes predetermined value, determine cooling conditions such as plate speed, cooling water inflow by above-mentioned operation control device 40 (built-in slow cooling ribbon gymnastics is done conditional operation portion), and can carry out its operation control.So, in the slow cooling band, can carry out the ferrite transformation in the steel plate comparatively effectively.
Further, also thermometer 33 can be set at the outlet side of chilling band 20.This measurement result can be used for parsing, the feedback of the operating condition of apparatus of the present invention simultaneously with the measurement result of the thermometer 32 of above-mentioned slow cooling band back.
Be used for determining the operating condition of slow cooling band 10 and/or chilling band 20 according to this temperature-measuring results, control each salband (10, the operation control device 40 of operation 20) uses known device to get final product, and can use the existing process control computer with numerical operation function as operational part 41.And, can use existing control device as control part 42, the numerical control device of for example applicable DSC (scattered control system) mode of often using in recent years etc. with functions such as can carrying out data input and output, equipment control.
Further, by to making up in the measurement result of the cooled surface of steel plate temperature of slow cooling band and the temperature calculation function of known process control computer, can correctly predict the carrying out of steel plate temperature inside and phase transformation, therefore after the cooling of slow cooling band, do not carry out backheat even do not resemble the invention of patent documentation 4, can make stable material quality yet.According to the present invention, before the cooling of chilling band, need not backheat, compare with patent documentation 4, can improve productivity.And when the chilling band cooled off, the cross section mean temperature when above-mentioned cooling velocity, cooling stop condition are preferably finished by the cooling of trying to achieve according to numerical computations defined when do not carry out backheat after the cooling of slow cooling band.
When carrying out this control, the thermometer 32 that is arranged between slow cooling band and the chilling band becomes very important.Use the what is called radiation thermometer of the radiant that detects surface of steel plate generally speaking mostly, but such thermometer has following shortcoming: when the object of absorption radianies such as cooling water, steam is present between thermometer and the steel plate, can not carry out correct mensuration.In the present invention, between slow cooling band 10 and chilling band 20, air cooling band 51 is set, the thermometer 32 of slow cooling band back is set in this air cooling band 51.But the length of this air cooling band 51 must be the length of the installation of satisfied temperature meter 32, and in order to carry out correct thermometric, requires steam, cooling water etc. can not invade from the band territory of front and back, and therefore for example de-watering apparatus, turbofan etc. preferably are installed.And general employed radiation thermometer uses lens in order to focus on the luminous energy that steel plate sends, if this focus point size for about about 200mm, then air cooling band 51 is minimum need be the length more than the 200mm.Further, in the process of reality, there are because steam is postponed cold belt, the leakage of chilling band, invade the possibility that the air cooling band is restricted effective determination part, and consider the cleaning equipment that needs in the air cooling band to be provided with except that de-watering apparatus such as damping roller, above-mentioned leakage steam, and turbofan etc., more than the length of above-mentioned air cooling band is preferably about 2m.
By these means, after the cooling of slow cooling band, correctly measure surface temperature, and the operating condition of chilling band is determined in the influence of considering backheat, after the cooling of slow cooling band, transfer to the cooling of chilling band immediately, so the present invention has good production efficiency, very excellent on stable material quality simultaneously.Particularly, when the control cooling device that utilizes above-mentioned steel plate is controlled cooling, can adopt the step of pattern 1～pattern 4 shown in Figure 6.
In the step of pattern 1, be cooled by slow cooling band and chilling band on one side on one side finish the steel plate of finish to gauge.In order to implement this pattern, the length that is arranged on the air cooling band 51 between slow cooling band 10 and the chilling band 20 is preferably the maximum length of handled steel plate or surpasses its length.So, the steel plate that the cold belt 10 of postponing is sent can temporarily import to air cooling band 51, in air cooling band 51, change plate speed and import to chilling band 20, can make slow cooling band 10 and chilling band 20 to pass through speed different, carry out in each salband, giving the high-precision control cooling that predetermined cooling velocity, cooling stop temperature.But when the length of this air cooling band 51 was excessive, the cold belt 10 of postponing was elongated to the delivery time of the transmission of chilling band 20, and from the angle existing problems of efficient, so this length is preferably the maximum length of handled steel plate or only surpasses it the length of a bit.And, relation from apparatus arrangement, when the length of air cooling band 51 can't be above-mentioned length, and have to than steel plate maximum length in short-term, as mentioned above, at least guarantee that the length of air cooling band can install thermometer 32, and preferably by adopt following vibration cooling, and the relation etc. of adjusting the cooling water inflow of slow cooling band and chilling band operate so that the plate speed unanimity in these band territories.
For example pattern 2 is after making steel plate enter into slow cooling band 10, carry out the vibration cooling of the scheduled time by slow cooling band 10, measure the surface of steel plate temperature at the outlet side of slow cooling band 10 by hygrometer 32 afterwards, in chilling band 20, quicken to be necessary plate speed according to the actual result of this temperature, and in chilling band 20, pass through cooling.Mode 3 is a pattern of vibrating cooling in chilling band 20, can with the speed of mill speed and slow cooling band 10 and the control range of roller-way transfer rate irrespectively guarantee necessary cooling velocity when longer the cool time in so excessive when steel plate thickness, the chilling band 20.Pattern 4 is to implement the example of vibration cooling in slow cooling band 10 and chilling band 20.In this pattern, can obtain the advantage that is obtained in above-mentioned pattern 2 and the mode 3 simultaneously.
And, from the equipment angle, stopping temperature according to the cooling velocity of thickness of slab, slow cooling band, cooling velocity, the cooling that cooling stops temperature, chilling band, the pattern that efficiency of selection is the highest gets final product.For example, all patterns can be adopted, also a part of pattern can be only adopted according to iron and steel kind, equipment, the kind of manufacturing.
Use has the control cooling device of the steel plate of essential structure shown in Figure 2, behind control ferrite growing amount on the slow cooling band, cooling rapidly under the chilling band, manufacture with the surface-in the heart difference of hardness suppress lessly steel plate.The basic specification of equipment, the characteristic of processed material, tupe are as shown in table 1.
The operating result and the comparative example of (example 1～3) compare in the time of will controlling cooling according to the present invention, and its result is as shown in table 2.Wherein, comparative example 1 is a situation of only using the cooling device with chilling band, and comparative example 2 is at Ar as shown in the patent documentation 1
3Temperature is above, Ar
3Finish rollingly below temperature+50 ℃, making cooling beginning temperature is Ar
3Temperature is following, Ar
3Cool off more than temperature-1.625t ℃, with 780 ℃ of finishing temperatures, 740 ℃ of examples that cool off by the chilling band of cooling beginning temperature.Comparative example 3 is the situation when only using the slow cooling band shown in patent documentation 3.
As shown in it, in the present invention, poor (Δ TS, Δ Hv) is less for the material of hot strength TS, the hardness Hv of the thickness of slab direction of product.Relative with it, in comparative example 1, from rolling begin to finish to cooling till required time shorter, but the material difference of the thickness of slab direction of product is bigger.On the other hand, in comparative example 2,3,, longer from the rolling time required till beginning to finish to cooling though the material difference of the thickness of slab direction of product is less.This is because in comparative example 2, need be rolled down to the low temperature lower than example, and want standby after the finish to gauge till cooling beginning temperature.And in the comparative example 3, the cool time of slow cooling band is elongated, and consequently required time is elongated.
And Δ TS is thickness of slab 1/2 position and thickness of slab 1/4 locational poor tensile strength, and Δ Hv is the cross section difference of hardness on thickness of slab 1/2 position and position, top layer (the beginning under the 0.5mm from the surface).And cooling velocity and cooling stop that temperature is used the temperature measured based on thermometer 31,32,33, the defined value of cross section mean temperature the when cooling of trying to achieve by the process control computer computing is finished.
The same device of employed control cooling device is made the low yielding ratio steel plate among use and the embodiment 1.Characteristic, the tupe of processed material are as shown in table 3.
The operating result and the comparative example of (example 4～5) compare and are shown in table 4 when controlling cooling according to the present invention.Wherein, comparative example 4 is to make the steel plate standby, is as cold as Ar putting
3After 740 ℃ of the transformation temperatures, in the chilling band, be cooled to the situation about 450 ℃.Comparative example 5 is according to patent documentation 3, only in situation about being cooled under the slow cooling band about 450 ℃.Comparative example 6 is according to patent documentation 4, and after the cooling of slow cooling band, backheat is to Ar
3Below-20 ℃, Ar
3After the scope of (being 640 ℃～720 ℃ in the present embodiment), in the chilling band, be cooled to the situation about 450 ℃ more than-100 ℃.Comparative example 7 is in the rolling direct situation about being cooled in the chilling band about 450 ℃ in back that finishes.As shown in it, in the present invention, predetermined yield ratio YR can reach the value near 70%, and shorter from the rolling required time that begins till finish.Relative with it, in comparative example 4,, therefore longer from rolling required time till beginning to finish to cooling because the stand-by time before first salband cooling needs 290s.In comparative example 5, owing to only cool off in the slow cooling band, so cool time is longer, and is longer from the rolling required time that begins till finish.And because whole cooling velocity is slower, so intensity descends.In comparative example 6, because in slow cooling band cooling back backheat, so stand-by time needs 58s, and is elongated from the rolling required time that begins till finish.In comparative example 7, though rolling required time is shorter, because cooling condition is improper, so yield ratio YR is higher.And cooling velocity and cooling stop temperature and use the temperature of measuring based on thermometer 31,32,33, the defined value of cross section mean temperature the when cooling of trying to achieve by the process control computer computing is finished.
Embodiment 3
The same device of employed control cooling device among use and the embodiment 1 is measured slow cooling and is taken the oral-lateral temperature out of, serves as the cooling condition of basis change chilling band with this value, and carries out the control cooling of steel plate.Characteristic, the treatment conditions of processed material are as shown in table 5.
Table 6 expression is taken the oral-lateral temperature out of to measure slow cooling in aforesaid operations, and serves as the cooling condition of basis change chilling band operating parameter actual result and the result that compares of existing operating parameter target when carrying out the control cooling of steel plate with this value.In example 6, the actual cooling of slow cooling band stops temperature being compared with target, approximately high 40 ℃.Therefore, when the plate speed with the chilling band of trying to achieve by initial calculation cools off, cooling stops temperature and uprises, has the danger that can't obtain predetermined strength, so can cool off according to the plate speed of this actual result change chilling band, making the cooling of chilling band stop temperature is that the target cooling stops temperature.So, can obtain until central part is and has trickle Microstructure Control cools tissue.In addition, though example as a comparative example not after cooling off as the patent documentation 2 slow cooling band that is shown in, is not carried out temperature survey and when the chilling band cools off, just can't be obtained such effect certainly.And TS is in thickness of slab 1/2 locational value.And cooling velocity and cooling stop temperature and use the temperature of measuring based on thermometer 31,32,33, the defined value of cross section mean temperature the when cooling of trying to achieve by the process control computer computing is finished.
Embodiment 4
The same device of employed control cooling device among use and the embodiment 1 is measured slow cooling and is brought the oral-lateral temperature into, serves as the cooling condition of basis change slow cooling band with this value, and carries out the control cooling of steel plate.Characteristic, the treatment conditions of processed material are as shown in table 5.
Shown in the operating result example 7 as shown in table 7.In this embodiment, actual cooling beginning temperature is compared approximately high 40 ℃ with target, therefore, and when the plate speed with the slow cooling band of trying to achieve by initial calculation cools off, the cooling of slow cooling band stops temperature and uprises, and has the danger of the ferrite transformation that can't be scheduled in the slow cooling band.Therefore, can change the cooling of the plate speed of slow cooling band according to this actual result, making the cooling of slow cooling band stop temperature is that the target cooling stops temperature.So, on the thickness of slab direction, can obtain the predetermined strength deviation.Δ TS is thickness of slab 1/2 position and thickness of slab 1/4 locational poor tensile strength.And cooling velocity and cooling stop temperature and use the temperature of measuring based on thermometer 31,32,33, the defined value of cross section mean temperature the when cooling of trying to achieve by the process control computer computing is finished.
Utilize possibility on the industry
According to device of the present invention, can not cause rolling efficiency to reduce and make the surface-in less, the uniform steel plate of material of difference of hardness in the heart.And, when making the steel plate of low yielding ratio, can make whole cooling velocity become big, repeatability that simultaneously can higher maintenance material can be produced efficiently in a large number.And by the present invention, cooled Temperature Distribution also becomes evenly, can produce indeformable steel plate.Further, the present invention can measure the surface temperature of steel plate and controls operating condition in the chilling band after slow cooling, and can carry out chilling after it rapidly, so production efficiency is very high.And, can control the operating condition of chilling band according to the observed temperature under the slow cooling band, therefore the growing amount of second phase constitution in the chilling of the repeatability control preferably band.
Table 1
| The basic specification of equipment | The slow cooling band | Length: the 20m type of cooling: the laminar flow cooling of tubulose |
| The chilling band | Length: the 10m type of cooling: the injection cooling below top reaching | |
| Slow cooling band-chilling spacing interval between shelterbelt | 25m | |
| Processed material | Size | Thick: 25mm, long: 20000mm, wide: 3000mm |
| Material | Hot strength (TS): 490MPa level | |
| Ar 3Phase transition temperature | 760 | |
| Finishing temperature | ||
| 800℃ | ||
| Tupe | Pattern 1 (Fig. 6) | Behind the slow cooling band, change speed and utilize the chilling band to cool off |
Table 3
| Processed material | Size | Thick: 50mm, wide: 3000mm, long: 15000mm |
| Material | Low yielding ratio steel plate (yield ratio 70% target) | |
| Ar 3Phase transition temperature | 740℃ | |
| Finishing temperature | 850℃ | |
| Tupe | Pattern 1 (Fig. 6) | Behind the slow cooling band, change speed also utilizes the chilling band to cool off |
| The cooling of slow cooling band stops temperature | 650℃ | |
| The cooling of chilling band stops temperature | 450℃ |
Table 2
| Plate speed | Water yield density | Finishing temperature | Cooling beginning temperature | Cooling stops temperature | Cooling velocity | Engineering properties | Rolling beginning back is to cooling off the time of finishing | |||||||
| The slow cooling band | The chilling band | The slow cooling band | The chilling band | The slow cooling band | The chilling band | The slow cooling band | The chilling band | TS | ΔTS | ΔHv | ||||
| m/s | m/ | 1/min· | 1/min·m 2 | ℃ | ℃ | ℃ | ℃ | ℃ | ℃ | MPa | MPa | s | ||
| Example 1 | 1.94 | 2.28 | 300 | 1700 | 810 | 800 | 658 | 511 | 13.8 | 33.5 | 550 | 10 | 3 | 204 |
| Example 2 | 0.59 | 2.28 | 100 | 1500 | 812 | 803 | 634 | 499 | 5 | 30.0 | 543 | 12 | 4 | 233 |
| Example 3 | 1.86 | 2.95 | 500 | 2000 | 811 | 801 | 641 | 505 | 14.9 | 40.1 | 560 | 15 | 5 | 165 |
| Comparative example 1 | - | 1.12 | - | 1700 | 808 | 799 | - | 503 | - | 33.2 | 544 | 45 | 15 | 181 |
| Comparative example 2 | - | 1.58 | - | 1700 | 780 | 740 | - | 505 | - | 32.1 | 539 | 9 | 2 | 352 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.82 | 300 | - | 801 | 791 | 482 | - | 12.6 | - | 552 | 11 | 4 | 305 | |
Table 4
| Plate speed | Water yield density | Finishing temperature | Cooling beginning temperature | Cooling stops temperature | Cooling velocity | Engineering properties | The first salband stand-by time | The second salband stand-by time | Rolling beginning back is to cooling off the time of finishing | |||||||
| The slow cooling band | The chilling band | The slow cooling band | The chilling band | The slow cooling band | The chilling band | The slow cooling band | The chilling band | YP | TS | YR | ||||||
| m/s | m/ | 1/min· | 1/min·m 2 | ℃ | ℃ | ℃ | ℃ | ℃ | ℃ | MPa | MPa | ％ | s | s | s | |
| Example 4 | 0.43 | 0.78 | 300 | 1700 | 851 | 840 | 642 | 448 | 4.3 | 15.2 | 377 | 531 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 207 |
| Example 5 | 0.53 | 0.92 | 500 | 2000 | 856 | 850 | 639 | 458 | 6.1 | 16.6 | 371 | 550 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 176 |
| Comparative example 4 | - | 0.52 | - | 1700 | 850 | 740 | - | 450 | - | 15.1 | 372 | 539 | 69 | 290 | 0 | 456 |
| Comparative example 5 | 0.28 | 400 | - | 853 | 842 | 448 | - | 5.5 | - | 367 | 503 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 342 | |
| Comparative example 6 | 0.43 | 0.78 | 300 | 1700 | 852 | 843 | 653 | 458 | 4.1 | 15.2 | 387 | 557 | 70 | 0 | 58 | 266 |
| Comparative example 7 | - | 0.43 | - | 2000 | 859 | 853 | - | 460 | - | 17 | 510 | 602 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 171 |
Table 5
| Processed material | Size | Thick: 25mm, wide: 3000mm, long: 20000mm |
| Material | Hot strength (Ts): 490MPa level | |
| Ar 3Phase transition temperature | 740℃ | |
| Finishing temperature | 810℃ | |
| Treatment conditions | Cooling beginning | 800℃ |
| The cooling of slow cooling band stops temperature | 650℃ | |
| The cooling of chilling band stops | 500℃ |
Table 6
| Cooling beginning temperature (℃) | Cooling stops going up temperature | Cooling velocity | TS (MPa) | |||
| The slow cooling band (℃) | The chilling band (℃) | The slow cooling band (℃) | The chilling band (℃) | |||
| | 800 | 650 | 500 | 12 | 32 | 490～620 |
| Example 6 | 804 | 692 | 503 | 9.3 | 32.6 | 564 |
Table 7
| Cooling beginning temperature (℃) | Cooling stops temperature | Cooling velocity | ΔTS (MPa) | |||
| The slow cooling band (℃) | The chilling band (℃) | The slow cooling band (℃) | The chilling band (℃) | |||
| | 800 | 650 | 500 | 12 | 32 | ～30 |
| Example 7 | 840 | 652 | 498 | 10.3 | 33.1 | 10 |
Claims (12)
1. the control cooling device of a steel plate is characterized in that, sets gradually slow cooling band and the chilling band that can distinguish independent control at the outlet side of slab roller mill.
2. the control cooling device of steel plate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the slow cooling band has the cooling capacity that thickness of slab is provided the cooling velocity of 5～15 ℃/s for the steel plate of 25mm.
3. the control cooling device of steel plate according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, it is that the steel plate of t (mm) provides 238/t that the slow cooling band has thickness of slab
1.2℃/s is above, 713/t
1.2℃/cooling capacity of the following cooling velocity of s.
4. according to the control cooling device of any described steel plate in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that the slow cooling band can be with 100～500l/minm
2The water flowing of water yield density.
5. according to the control cooling device of any described steel plate in the claim 1～4, it is characterized in that the chilling band has the cooling capacity that thickness of slab is provided the cooling velocity more than the 30 ℃/s for the steel plate of 25mm.
6. according to the control cooling device of any described steel plate in the claim 1～5, it is characterized in that it is that the steel plate of t (mm) provides 1425/t that the chilling band has thickness of slab
1.2℃/cooling capacity of the above cooling velocity of s.
7. according to the control cooling device of any described steel plate in the claim 1～6, it is characterized in that the chilling band can be with 1500l/minm
2The water flowing of water yield density.
8. according to the control cooling device of any described steel plate in the claim 1～7, wherein have: be used to measure the steel plate by the slow cooling band surface temperature thermometer and set the cooling condition of chilling band according to the measurement result of the surface of steel plate temperature of this thermometer measure, and according to the operation control device of this control chilling band that imposes a condition.
9. according to the control cooling device of any described steel plate in the claim 1～8, wherein have: be used to measure the front face side that is arranged on the slow cooling band slab roller mill outlet side the surface of steel plate temperature thermometer and set the cooling condition of slow cooling band according to the measurement result of the surface of steel plate temperature of this thermometer measure, and according to the operation control device of this control slow cooling band that imposes a condition.
10. according to the control cooling device of any described steel plate in the claim 1～9, it is characterized in that operation control device stops temperature with the cooling of the control of the temperature more than 600 ℃ slow cooling band.
11. the control cooling device according to any described steel plate in the claim 1～9 is characterized in that, between slow cooling band and chilling band the air cooling band is set, and is provided with the thermometer of the surface temperature that is used to measure the steel plate by the slow cooling band in this air cooling band.
12. the control cooling means of a steel plate, it is characterized in that, utilization sets gradually the slow cooling band that can distinguish independent control and chilling band and the control cooling device of the steel plate that constitutes at the outlet side of slab roller mill, to thickness of slab be the steel plate of t (mm) in this slow cooling band with 238/t
1.2℃/s is above, 713/t
1.2℃/the following cooling velocity of s cools off, afterwards in above-mentioned chilling band with 1425/t
1.2℃/the above cooling velocity of s cools off.
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| JPS6244529A (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-02-26 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for estimating forced water cooling stopping temperature of material to be cooled |
| JPH0747769B2 (en) * | 1986-07-15 | 1995-05-24 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Manufacturing method of thick steel plate with little material difference in thickness direction |
| JP3661434B2 (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2005-06-15 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Controlled cooling method for hot rolled steel sheet |
| JP3777076B2 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2006-05-24 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Thick steel plate cooling method |
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