CN1796028A - Anti sealed immersion nozzle in use for continuous casting specific steel - Google Patents
Anti sealed immersion nozzle in use for continuous casting specific steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN1796028A CN1796028A CN 200410060355 CN200410060355A CN1796028A CN 1796028 A CN1796028 A CN 1796028A CN 200410060355 CN200410060355 CN 200410060355 CN 200410060355 A CN200410060355 A CN 200410060355A CN 1796028 A CN1796028 A CN 1796028A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to a functional refractory material for continuous casting process, and provides an anti-blocking immersed sprue for continuously casting special steel. It includes a self-body made of Al2O3-C material and a slag line made of ZrO2-C material. It also includes an anti-blocking lining containing no carbon. Said anti-blocking lining is made up by using composite material of oxide and non-oxide containing no carbon, in which the oxide is corundum and spinel, non-oxide is nitride, said nitride is silicon nitride, aluminium nitride or boron nitride, its oxide content is 75-95 wt% and its non-oxide content is 5-25 wt%.
Description
Technical Field
Theinvention belongs to a functional fire-resistant material for continuous casting, and relates to an anti-blocking submerged nozzle for special steel continuous casting, which is particularly suitable for preventing the nozzle from nodulation and blocking in the special steel continuous casting.
Background
As is well known, the phenomenon of blockage of a submerged nozzle in continuous casting production often causes instability of molten steel flow, and even the nozzle is completely blocked in serious conditions, which not only influences the quality of a casting blank, but also influences the normal conditionThe production of (2) also limits the multi-furnace continuous casting. Therefore, solving the nozzle clogging has been an important technical problem of concern in the continuous casting process, and a great deal of research has been conducted on this refractory worker and many different types of anti-clogging nozzles have been developed. Most studies and reports suggest that the cause of nozzle clogging is caused by Al2O3The deposition is generated on the inner wall of the water gap, and the possible processes are as follows: containing SiO2The refractory material of C reacts with Al in the molten steel to form Al by the following reaction2O3：
And then the non-metallic inclusion in the molten steel moves to the inner surface of the nozzle and adheres to the inner surface under the action of molten steel eddy current, so that the inner side of the nozzle is nodulated, and the nozzle is completely blocked in serious cases. According to the analysis, the submerged nozzle with the composite anti-blocking refractory material on the inner side of the nozzle is developed. Is compounded with ZrO2The anti-blocking water gap of the CaO-C lining solves the problem of water gap blockage by utilizing the mechanism that inclusions and a composite layer react at high temperature to generate a low-melting-point phase which is taken away by molten steel; the other is an anti-blocking water port compounded with linings such as silicon-free carbon-free spinel or corundum, and the blocking is solved by eliminating the reaction of refractory materials and Al in molten steel. However, these anti-clogging holes have Al as a clogging material2O3Is effective, while the plug is ineffective with other compounds. For example, when special steel is continuously cast, the plug is mainly calcium aluminate; when the rare earth steel is continuously cast, the blocking object is mainly rare earth aluminate, and the material has no obvious anti-blocking effect when used for preventing water blocking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-blocking submerged nozzle for continuous casting of special steel, which can not only solve the common nozzle alumina blockage but also effectively solve the nozzle blockage problem in the continuous casting of special steel.
The special steel continuously cast has certain content in molten steel components, molten steel temperature, non-metallic inclusions in molten steel and the likeThe method solves the problem that the nozzle blockage in the special steel continuous casting needs to design proper anti-blocking materials and anti-blocking nozzles according to the knowledge of the blockage and the blockage process. It can be consideredthat nozzle clogging can be divided into two phases: the first stage is that molten steel and its inclusion react with the surface of the nozzle to produce a reaction layer or a cold steel layer, the second stage is the deposition of the inclusion in the molten steel on the reaction layer or the cold steel layer, and the first stage is the key for determining whether the blockage occurs. Using ZrO2The anti-blocking lining is CaO-C anti-blocking lining or silicon-free carbon-free spinel or corundum, the inclusions in the molten steel or alloy elements in the molten steel have obvious reaction with the lining material, and the inner surface of the lining material can form a reaction layer mainly containing aluminate. The reaction layer completely changes the property of the inner surface of the original anti-blocking lining, so that the inclusions such as calcium aluminate or rare earth aluminate in molten steel are easy to deposit on the reaction layer, and the water gap is blocked. According to the invention, the oxide-non-oxide composite material is adopted, and the effect of the composite material is to effectively inhibit the first stage, thereby playing an effective anti-blocking role. When the nozzle with a certain amount of non-oxide-nitride lining contacts molten steel, the nitride is chemically inert to inclusions in the molten steel, and the degree of reaction with the inclusions containing calcium oxide or rare earth oxide in the molten steel is much smaller than the degree of reaction of oxides such as corundum or spinel and the like with the inclusions containing calcium oxide or rare earth oxide, so that the inner surface of the nozzle can be kept smooth for a long time during steel passing, the deposition of the inclusions in the molten steel is avoided or reduced, and the anti-blocking effect is achieved. Meanwhile, nitrogen is released by the oxidation reaction of the nitride at high temperature, and the effects of inhibiting the reaction of the lining refractory material and inclusionsor alloy elements in molten steel and preventing the nozzle from being blocked can be achieved.
The anti-blocking submerged nozzle for the continuous casting of the special steel provided by the invention is provided with Al2O3-a body of C material and ZrO2-a material C slag line; their batch composition is the same as that of a conventional submerged entry nozzle. Has a carbon-free anti-blocking lining made of carbon-free oxide and non-oxygenThe oxide is corundum and spinel; the non-oxide is nitride, the nitride is silicon nitride, aluminum nitride and boron nitride, the using amount of the oxide is 75-95 wt%, and the using amount of the non-oxide is 5-25 wt%.
The lining material in the water blocking preventing port can be added with metal powder, such as metal aluminum powder, silicon powder and aluminum-silicon alloy powder; the addition amount is 0-10 wt%; the strength of the composite material is improved by utilizing the in-situ reaction of the composite material during heat treatment and use. The lining binding agent in the anti-blocking water port can adopt phenolic resin or inorganic binding agent, such as aluminum sol, aluminum-silicon sol, aluminum-magnesium sol and the like, the inorganic binding agent is preferably used, and the addition amount of the binding agent is 3-10% of the total weight of the anti-blocking lining ingredients.
Adding the three prepared blanks into a forming die sleeve according to a certain sequence for primary isostatic pressing composite forming, and carrying out heat treatment under nitrogen or other protective atmospheres, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 1000-1350 ℃.
The carbon-free anti-blocking lining is compounded on the inner cavity of the water gap and the inner wall of the steel discharging opening, and the thickness of the anti-blocking lining is 3-5 mm.
The anti-blocking submerged nozzle provided by the invention reduces the reaction degree of the nozzle lining and the inclusion containing CaO, and solves the nozzle blocking phenomenon in the special steel continuous casting process during practical application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an anti-blocking submerged nozzle for continuous casting of special steel.
In the figure, 1, a body, 2, a slag line, 3 and a lining.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The aluminum-carbon ingredients of the nozzle body comprise 50 percent of sintered corundum, 10 percent of fused zirconia mullite, 10 percent of sintered alumina powder, 25 percent of flake graphite, 5 percent of silicon carbide powder and 10 percent of binding agent phenolic resin in percentage by weight; the slag line zirconium-carbon ingredients comprise 75% of fused zirconia, 20% of flake graphite, 5% of silicon carbide powder and 10% of binding agent phenolic resin by weight; the carbon-free lining material comprises 90 percent of sintered corundum, 5 percent of silicon nitride powder, 5 percent of metal silicon powder and 6 percent of binding agent phenolic resin based on the total weight of the lining material. And respectively adding a bonding agent into the main body, the slag line and the anti-blocking lining ingredients in a mixing machine for mixing uniformly, drying at 70 ℃, injecting the materials into a rubber sleeve in a certain sequence for isostatic pressing, injecting the main body aluminum carbon material and the slag line zirconium carbon material into the outer side, injecting the lining carbon-free material into the inner side, keepingthe forming pressure at 150Mpa, and keeping the pressure for 3 minutes. The formed blank is heat treated in an electric heating shuttle kiln at 1250 deg.c for 4 hr, and then treated through machining and painting with antioxidant paint.
Example 2
The aluminum-carbon ingredients of the nozzle body comprise 50 percent of sintered corundum, 10 percent of fused zirconia mullite, 10 percent of sintered alumina powder, 25 percent of flake graphite, 5 percent of silicon carbide powder and 10 percent of binding agent phenolic resin in percentage by weight; the slag line zirconium-carbon mixture comprises 75 percent of fused zirconia, 20 percent of crystalline flake graphite, 5 percent of silicon carbide powder, 10 percent of binding agent phenolic resin, 70 percent of sintered magnesia-alumina spinel, 25 percent of aluminum nitride powder, 5 percent of metal aluminum powder and binding agent alumina sol (Al)2O3Content 25%) was 6% of the total weight of the lining furnish. And respectively adding a bonding agent into the main body, the slag line and the anti-blocking lining ingredients in a mixing machine for mixing uniformly, drying at 70 ℃, injecting the materials into a rubber sleeve in sequence for isostatic pressing, injecting the main body aluminum carbon material and the slag line zirconium carbon material into the outer side, injecting the lining carbon-free material into the inner side, keeping the forming pressure at 130Mpa, and keeping the pressure for 3 minutes. After molding, the blank is in an electric heating shuttle typeHeat treating at 1300 deg.c for 4 hr in nitrogen atmosphere, machining and painting antioxidant paint.
Example 3
The aluminum-carbon ingredients of the nozzle body comprise 50 percent of sintered corundum, 10 percent of fused zirconia mullite, 10 percent of sintered alumina powder, 25 percent of flake graphite,5 percent of silicon carbide powder and 10 percent of binding agent phenolic resin; the slag line zirconium-carbon ingredients comprise 75% of fused zirconia, 20% of flake graphite, 5% of silicon carbide powder and 10% of binding agent phenolic resin by weight; the carbon-free lining material comprises 35 percent of sintered corundum, 50 percent of sintered magnesia-alumina spinel, 10 percent of silicon nitride powder, 5 percent of metal silicon powder and 6 percent of binding agent phenolic resin based on the total weight of the lining material. And respectively adding a bonding agent into the main body, the slag line and the anti-blocking lining ingredients in a mixing machine for mixing uniformly, drying at 70 ℃, injecting the materials into a rubber sleeve in a certain sequence for isostatic pressing, injecting the main body aluminum carbon material and the slag line zirconium carbon material into the outer side, injecting the lining carbon-free material into the inner side, keeping the forming pressure at 150Mpa, and keeping the pressure for 3 minutes. The formed blank is treated by heat treatment in a gas shuttle kiln at 1300 ℃ for 4 hours under the protection of carbon burying, and then is processed and brushed with anti-oxidation coating to obtain the anti-oxidation coating.
Example 4
The aluminum-carbon ingredients of the nozzle body comprise 50 percent of sintered corundum, 10 percent of fused zirconia mullite, 10 percent of sintered alumina powder, 25 percent of flake graphite, 5 percent of silicon carbide powder and 10 percent of binding agent phenolic resin in percentage by weight; the slag line zirconium-carbon mixture comprises 75 percent of fused zirconia, 20 percent of crystalline flake graphite, 5 percent of silicon carbide powder, 10 percent of binding agent phenolic resin, 93 percent of sintered magnesia-alumina spinel, 7 percent of boron nitride powder and binding agent aluminum-magnesium melten gel (content of Al)2O318% MgO 6%) was 6% of the total weight of the lining furnish. And respectively adding a bonding agent into the main body, the slag line and the anti-blocking lining ingredients in a mixing machine for mixing uniformly, drying at 70 ℃, injecting the materials into a rubber sleeve in a certain sequence for isostatic pressing, injecting the main body aluminum carbon material and the slag line zirconium carbon material into the outer side, injecting the lining carbon-free material into the inner side, keeping the forming pressure at 150Mpa, and keeping the pressure for 3 minutes. The formed blank is heat treated at 1200 deg.c for 4 hr in nitrogen atmosphere in electrically heated shuttle kiln, and then treated through machining and painting with antioxidant paint.
Example 5
The aluminum-carbon ingredients of the nozzle body comprise 50 percent of sintered corundum, 10 percent of fused zirconia mullite, 10 percent of sintered alumina powder, 25 percent of flake graphite, 5 percent of silicon carbide powder and 10 percent of binding agent phenolic resin; the slag line zirconium-carbon ingredients comprise 75% of fused zirconia, 20% of flake graphite, 5% of silicon carbide powder and 10% of binding agent phenolic resin by weight; the carbon-free lining ingredient comprises 72 percent of sintered corundum, 22 percent of boron nitride powder, 6 percent of metal aluminum powder and 10 percent of binding agent aluminum-silicon sol based on the total weight of the lining ingredient. And respectively adding a bonding agent into the main body, the slag line and the anti-blocking lining ingredients in a mixing machine for mixing uniformly, drying at 70 ℃, injecting the materials into a rubber sleeve in a certain sequence for isostatic pressing, injecting the main body aluminum carbon material and the slag line zirconium carbon material into the outer side, injecting the lining carbon-free material into the inner side,keeping the forming pressure at 150Mpa, and keeping the pressure for 3 minutes. The formed blank is treated by heat treatment in a gas shuttle kiln at 1300 ℃ for 4 hours under the protection of carbon burying, and then is processed and brushed with anti-oxidation coating to obtain the anti-oxidation coating.
Example 6
The aluminum-carbon ingredients of the nozzle body comprise 50 percent of sintered corundum, 10 percent of fused zirconia mullite, 10 percent of sintered alumina powder, 25 percent of flake graphite, 5 percent of silicon carbide powder and 10 percent of binding agent phenolic resin in percentage by weight; the slag line zirconium-carbon ingredients comprise 75% of fused zirconia, 20% of flake graphite, 5% of silicon carbide powder and 10% of binding agent phenolic resin by weight; the carbon-free lining ingredient comprises 82 percent of sintered magnesia-alumina spinel, 12 percent of aluminum nitride powder, 6 percent of aluminum-silicon alloy powder and 9 percent of bonding agent alumina sol based on the total weight of the lining ingredient. And respectively adding a bonding agent into the main body, the slag line and the anti-blocking lining ingredients in a mixing machine for mixing uniformly, drying at 70 ℃, injecting the materials into a rubber sleeve in a certain sequence for isostatic pressing, injecting the main body aluminum carbon material and the slag line zirconium carbon material into the outer side, injecting the lining carbon-free material into the inner side, keeping the forming pressure at 150Mpa, and keeping the pressure for 3 minutes. The formed blank is treated by heat treatment in a gas shuttle kiln at 1300 ℃ for 4 hours under the protection of carbon burying, and then is processed and brushed with anti-oxidation coating to obtain the anti-oxidation coating.
Example 7
The aluminum-carbon ingredients of the nozzle body comprise 50 percent of sintered corundum, 10 percent of fused zirconia mullite, 10 percent of sintered alumina powder, 25 percent of flake graphite, 5 percent of silicon carbide powder and 10 percent of binding agent phenolic resin; the slag line zirconium-carbon ingredients comprise 75% of fused zirconia, 20% of flake graphite, 5% of silicon carbide powder and 10% of binding agent phenolic resin by weight; the carbon-free lining material comprises 70 percent of sintered corundum, 24 percent of silicon nitride powder, 6 percent of metal silicon powder and 4 percent of binding agent aluminum-silicon sol based on the total weight of the lining material. And respectively adding a bonding agent into the main body, the slag line and the anti-blocking lining ingredients in a mixing machine for mixing uniformly, drying at 70 ℃, injecting the materials into a rubber sleeve in a certain sequence for isostatic pressing, injecting the main body aluminum carbon material and the slag line zirconium carbon material into the outer side, injecting the lining carbon-free material into the inner side, keeping the forming pressure at 150Mpa, and keeping the pressure for 3 minutes. The formed blank is treated by heat treatment in a gas shuttle kiln at 1300 ℃ for 4 hours under the protection of carbon burying, and then is processed and brushed with anti-oxidation coating to obtain the anti-oxidation coating.
Claims (7)
1. An anti-blocking immersion nozzle for continuous casting of special steel, which has Al2O3-a body (1) of C material and ZrO2-a C material slag line (2); the invention is characterized in that: the anti-blocking lining is characterized by comprising a carbon-free anti-blocking lining (3), wherein the anti-blocking lining is made of carbon-free oxide and non-oxide composite materials, and the oxide is corundum and spinel; the non-oxide is nitride, the nitride issilicon nitride, aluminum nitride and boron nitride, the using amount of the oxide is 75-95 wt%, and the using amount of the non-oxide is 5-25 wt%.
2. The anti-clogging submerged nozzle for the continuous casting of special steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the inner lining of the water blockage preventing port is 3-5 mm.
3. The anti-clogging submerged nozzle for the continuous casting of special steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the carbon-free anti-blocking lining is compounded on the inner cavity of the water gap and the inner wall of the steel spitting opening.
4. The anti-clogging submerged nozzle for the continuous casting of special steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the anti-blocking water port lining material is added with metal powder, and the adding amount of the metal powder is 0-10 wt%.
5. The anti-clogging submerged nozzle for the continuous casting of special steel according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: the metal powder is aluminum powder, silicon powder and aluminum-silicon alloy powder.
6. The anti-clogging submerged nozzle for the continuous casting of special steel according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: the inner lining of the anti-blocking water port adopts phenolic resin binder, and the dosage of the phenolic resin binder is 3-10% of the total weight of the ingredients of the anti-blocking inner lining.
7. The anti-clogging submerged nozzle for the continuous casting of special steel according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: the inner lining of the anti-blocking water port adopts an inorganic bondingagent, the inorganic bonding agent is one of aluminum sol, aluminum-silicon sol or aluminum-magnesium sol, and the dosage of the inorganic bonding agent is 3-10% of the total weight of the ingredients of the anti-blocking inner lining.
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| CN 200410060355 CN1796028A (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2004-12-24 | Anti sealed immersion nozzle in use for continuous casting specific steel |
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| CN 200410060355 CN1796028A (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2004-12-24 | Anti sealed immersion nozzle in use for continuous casting specific steel |
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| CN102335738A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-02-01 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Composite submerged nozzle and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102910904A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-02-06 | 北京利尔高温材料股份有限公司 | Composite material containing nitride and submerged nozzle applying composite material |
| CN103992123A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-08-20 | 江苏泰瑞耐火有限公司 | Brushing-resistant submerged-nozzle inner wall for continuously casting high-manganese high-oxygen steel |
| CN104289706A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-21 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Intrusive water gap applied to electromagnetic stirring process |
| CN105170968A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-23 | 中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司 | Submersed nozzle |
| CN105419568A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-03-23 | 中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司 | Casting mouth paint for resisting aluminum alloy melt corrosion and preparing method thereof |
| CN105983684A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-10-05 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Low-carbon inner hole body-contained submersed nozzle |
| CN107127332A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-09-05 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Submerged nozzle capable of preventing flocculation and manufacturing and using method thereof |
| CN107252886A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-10-17 | 中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司 | A kind of long nozzle for continuous casting inner lining material |
| CN108907171A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-30 | 江苏泰瑞耐火有限公司 | Nitride inner core molding method twice |
| CN108971476A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-12-11 | 西峡县西保冶金材料有限公司 | A kind of special steel anti-blocking compound zirconium in-core dress submersed nozzle and its preparation process |
| CN110293219A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-01 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | A kind of method of large scale calcium-aluminate field trash in reduction steel |
| CN113800923A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-17 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Anti-caking material, submerged nozzle lining, submerged nozzle and preparation method thereof |
| CN114346229A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司 | Method for testing submerged nozzle accretion |
| CN114716850A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-08 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | Water gap coating for continuous casting of rare earth steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN115041675A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-09-13 | 北京科技大学 | Composite water gap and preparation process thereof |
-
2004
- 2004-12-24 CN CN 200410060355 patent/CN1796028A/en active Pending
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| CN102335738B (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2013-06-19 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Composite submerged nozzle and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102335738A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-02-01 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Composite submerged nozzle and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102910904A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-02-06 | 北京利尔高温材料股份有限公司 | Composite material containing nitride and submerged nozzle applying composite material |
| CN103992123A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-08-20 | 江苏泰瑞耐火有限公司 | Brushing-resistant submerged-nozzle inner wall for continuously casting high-manganese high-oxygen steel |
| CN104289706A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-21 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Intrusive water gap applied to electromagnetic stirring process |
| CN104289706B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2017-02-15 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Submersed water gap applied to electromagnetic stirring process |
| CN105983684B (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2018-10-02 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of submersed nozzle containing hole body in low-carbon |
| CN105983684A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-10-05 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Low-carbon inner hole body-contained submersed nozzle |
| CN105170968A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-23 | 中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司 | Submersed nozzle |
| CN105419568A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-03-23 | 中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司 | Casting mouth paint for resisting aluminum alloy melt corrosion and preparing method thereof |
| CN105419568B (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2018-06-26 | 中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司 | A kind of aluminum-resistant alloy melt is corroded with bast mouth coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN107127332A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-09-05 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Submerged nozzle capable of preventing flocculation and manufacturing and using method thereof |
| CN107252886A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-10-17 | 中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司 | A kind of long nozzle for continuous casting inner lining material |
| CN108971476A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-12-11 | 西峡县西保冶金材料有限公司 | A kind of special steel anti-blocking compound zirconium in-core dress submersed nozzle and its preparation process |
| CN108907171A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-30 | 江苏泰瑞耐火有限公司 | Nitride inner core molding method twice |
| CN110293219A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-01 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | A kind of method of large scale calcium-aluminate field trash in reduction steel |
| CN113800923A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-17 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Anti-caking material, submerged nozzle lining, submerged nozzle and preparation method thereof |
| CN114346229A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司 | Method for testing submerged nozzle accretion |
| CN114346229B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2024-03-15 | 中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司 | Method for testing submerged nozzle nodulation |
| CN114716850A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-08 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | Water gap coating for continuous casting of rare earth steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN115041675A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-09-13 | 北京科技大学 | Composite water gap and preparation process thereof |
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