CN1795360A - 冷冻剂/水热交换器及其向车载动力装置供气的应用 - Google Patents

冷冻剂/水热交换器及其向车载动力装置供气的应用 Download PDF

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CN1795360A
CN1795360A CNA2004800145151A CN200480014515A CN1795360A CN 1795360 A CN1795360 A CN 1795360A CN A2004800145151 A CNA2004800145151 A CN A2004800145151A CN 200480014515 A CN200480014515 A CN 200480014515A CN 1795360 A CN1795360 A CN 1795360A
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interchanger
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access road
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exchange portion
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R·模拉基奥利
P·布里安
V·格拉比耶
J·夏巴纳
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种交换器，有利地为板式交换器，该交换器包括逆流的平行交换部(8，9)。根据本发明，用于水的交换部(8)具有基本恒定的截面，而用于冷冻剂的交换部(9)具有一个减小的入口区域(9a)，该区域使得在水通道(8)中形成冰(10)的可能性集中在一个很小的体积内，而不会阻塞所述的水通道。本发明可以专门应用于向车辆中的车载动力产生装置供应以液态形式存储的气态氢。

Description

冷冻剂/水热交换器及其向车载动力装置供气的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用水来加热和/或蒸发处于非常低的温度的冷冻液体的冷冻剂/水热交换器，该类型的热交换器包括具有一个入口和一个出口的水回路和具有一个入口和一个出口的冷冻剂回路，这些回路具有被隔板隔开的平行的交换部。
背景技术
使用水来加热冷冻液体在经济上是有利的，但在小型交换器中会导致问题，其问题在于，由于冷冻液体的温度非常低，水即使混有防冻剂成分仍有形成冰的很大危险，而任何冰的阻塞都会在交换器和下游的用户设备中立即造成严重的故障。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种有效的和小型的热交换器结构，该结构没有因在水回路中结冰或者形成冰而导致故障的危险。
为此，根据本发明的一个特征，冷冻剂回路的每个交换部均包括一个具有减小截面的入口通道，该入口通道通向一个具有扩大截面的区域，水回路的交换部具有大体恒定的截面，该截面与冷冻剂回路的交换部的所述扩大截面对应。
根据本发明的其它特征：
-入口通道具有至少一个带有扩口轮廓的下游部分；
-入口通道大致定中心在交换部的纵向轴线上；
-冷冻剂回路的交换部的入口通道的最小截面与扩大截面的比率介于10％和50％之间，通常介于20％和30％之间；
-交换部由邻接的板片限定，该板片由厚度很小的不锈钢制成，该厚度通常小于2.50mm，有利地小于2mm；
-入口通道通向在水分配箱内延伸的一个冷冻剂输送管，该水分配箱封闭交换器的这一侧。
本发明的主题还包括将这种交换器用于向机动车的动力装置提供气态氢的应用，该动力装置例如为内燃机和/或质子交换薄膜燃料电池。
附图说明
从下面对实施例的说明中，可以清楚看到本发明的其它特征和优点，该实施例通过决不包含任何限制性的示例并结合附图给出，在附图中：
-图1是根据本发明的热交换器的纵向截面示意图；
-图2是图1的换热器的板片的分解透视图，示出冷冻剂回路和水回路的交换部的构造；
-图3是在图1的截面3/3的平面内的横截面视图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出，根据本发明的热交换器包括一个总体由参考标号1表示的交换组件，该交换组件由紧固在一起的一组板片构成，稍后可以看出，该板片为冷冻剂入口集管2和加热后的冷冻剂出口集管3之间以及加热用水入口集管4和出水集管5之间的同向平行交换限定了回路部分。
从图2和3可以更好地看出，根据本发明的一个方面，在两个实心板片6之间通过带孔板片或半板片限定各个交换回路部分，其中7c用于限定冷冻剂回路，7e用于限定水回路。
根据本发明的一个方面，水回路的板片7e限定具有大体恒定的宽度l的通道，而板片7c限定具有变化的轮廓的通道9，该通道9包括具有减小截面的入口通道9a，该入口通道9a扩口形成具有与水通道8相等的宽度l的主通道。该入口通道9a定中心在通道9的纵向轴线上(通道8和9的纵向轴线有利地共面)。
通过图2所示的这种设置，由入口通道区域9a形成的冷冻剂交换回路部分的极冷区域具有减小的宽度，该宽度通常小于额定宽度l的50％，有利地大于该额定宽度的10％，且优选地介于该额定宽度的20％与30％之间，以便同向进入通道8的入口部分的水在一中心部分内析出最大量的热，该中心部分本身定中心在入口通道9a上，却在侧向上并不过多延伸，这是因为板片的表面区域确保在此(入口通道)区域的两侧上有很高的温度梯度。在最不利的情况下，至多有一小块冰10从而形成，该冰只占据通道8的宽度的中心部分，而决不会阻碍由图2中的两个箭头示出的水流在各侧上的流动，仅仅是造成水回路中很小的压降。
板片6和7通常由冲压件316L或304L不锈钢板材制成，其厚度较小，在用于水回路时不超过2mm，在用于冷冻剂回路时不超过1mm。
作为一种具体应用，(该交换器)适用于蒸发机动车辆车载的液态氮以供应车辆的动力装置，H2L冷冻剂以大约-250℃的温度、通常介于1到10bar的绝对压力，以及小于5g/秒的流量进入集管2。在这些情况下，板片7c的厚度大约为0.5mm，板片7e的厚度大约为2mm，板片6的厚度大约为0.6mm。通过集合多个板片6、7c和7e并焊接其外部侧向边缘进行组装而制成交换组件1。
在此类应用中，来自车辆的内燃机的散热器的水，以低于110℃并且通常介于60℃和80℃之间的温度进入入口集管4，并以略低于集管5的温度排出，气态氢以略低于水的温度(大约50℃到60℃)离开集管3。为了甚至在非常寒冷的大气条件下将气态氢的温度保持在此范围内，集管3内有利地装有电热器11。
在图3所示的一个特定实施例中，在板片7c之间也具有氢回路的交换部9，在此例中，该交换部9包括一具有V形渐变截面的入口通道9a，该入口通道9a直接通向通道9的具有扩大截面的主要部分。
这里，冷冻剂入口集管2由焊接到板片6和7的下部边缘的沟槽组成。类似地，气态冷冻剂在通道9的出口处在沟槽12内被回收，该沟槽12焊接到板片的上部边缘并沿着上部母线焊接到出口集管3上，所述沟槽12通过在接触区域内形成的正对的开口13与出口集管3相连通。
板片6和7的焊接在一起的侧面覆盖有一防护层14。形成水集管4的箱15封闭交换组件1的底部，而形成出水集管5的箱16封闭交换组件的顶部。
尽管通过具体实施例说明了本发明，但本发明并不限于此，对于本领域技术人员，显然可以在所附的权利要求书的范围内进行修改和变型。

Claims (11)

1.一种冷冻剂/水热交换器，包括具有一入口和一出口的水回路和具有一入口和一出口的冷冻剂回路，所述回路具有被隔板隔开的平行的交换部，其特征在于，冷冻剂回路的每个交换部(9)包括一具有减小截面的入口通道(9a)，该入口通道通向一具有扩大截面(l)的区域，水回路的交换部(8)具有与所述扩大截面对应的大致恒定的截面(l)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的交换器，其特征在于，入口通道(9a)具有至少一个带有扩口轮廓的下游部分。
3.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的交换器，其特征在于，入口通道(9a)大致定中心在该交换部的纵向轴线上。
4.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的交换器，其特征在于，入口通道(9a)的最小截面与扩大截面(l)的比率介于10％到50％之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的交换器，其特征在于，所述比率介于20％和30％之间。
6.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的交换器，其特征在于，交换部(8，9)由板片(7c，7e)限定。
7.根据权利要求6所述的交换器，其特征在于，板片(7c，7e)的厚度不超过2.5mm。
8.根据权利要求7所述的交换器，其特征在于，用于在侧向限定冷冻剂回路的交换部(9)的板片(7c)的厚度小于1mm。
9.根据权利要求6到8中任一项所述的交换器，其特征在于，板片(7c，7e)通过其外部边缘互相焊接在一起。
10.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的交换器，其特征在于，入口通道(9a)通向在水流循环箱(4)内延伸的一冷冻剂输送管(2)，，该水循环箱封闭交换器的这一侧。
11.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的交换器用于向车载动力装置供应气体的应用。
CNA2004800145151A 2003-05-27 2004-05-18 冷冻剂/水热交换器及其向车载动力装置供气的应用 Pending CN1795360A (zh)

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FR03/06438 2003-05-27
FR0306438A FR2855600B1 (fr) 2003-05-27 2003-05-27 Echangeur de chaleur cryogene/eau et application a la fourniture de gaz a un groupe de puissance embarque dans un vehicule

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US8276654B2 (en) 2005-11-17 2012-10-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Core assembly with deformation preventing features
US7637112B2 (en) * 2006-12-14 2009-12-29 Uop Llc Heat exchanger design for natural gas liquefaction
US8631858B2 (en) * 2009-06-16 2014-01-21 Uop Llc Self cooling heat exchanger with channels having an expansion device
DE102011010840B4 (de) * 2011-02-10 2019-08-14 Oventrop Gmbh & Co. Kg Trink- oder Brauchwassersystem
WO2014038179A1 (ja) * 2012-09-05 2014-03-13 パナソニック株式会社 冷却装置、これを搭載した電気自動車、および電子機器
JP6347003B1 (ja) * 2017-01-25 2018-06-20 デウ シップビルディング アンド マリン エンジニアリング カンパニー リミテッド Ｌｎｇ船の蒸発ガス再液化方法及びシステム

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US3282334A (en) * 1963-04-29 1966-11-01 Trane Co Heat exchanger
US3565201A (en) * 1969-02-07 1971-02-23 Lng Services Cryogenic fuel system for land vehicle power plant
US4590770A (en) * 1985-06-03 1986-05-27 National Semiconductor Corporation Cryogenic liquid heat exchanger
JPH0711325Y2 (ja) * 1987-12-24 1995-03-15 住友精密工業株式会社 プレートフィン型熱交換器
US5095973A (en) * 1990-12-20 1992-03-17 Toy William W Heat exchangers
GB9104156D0 (en) * 1991-02-27 1991-04-17 Rolls Royce & Ass Heat exchanger
FR2807152B1 (fr) 2000-03-28 2002-12-06 Cie Ind D Applic Thermiques Ci Echangeur de chaleur a plaques
FR2809805B1 (fr) * 2000-05-31 2004-06-11 Nordon Cryogenie Snc Procede d'echange de chaleur dans un echangeur de chaleur a plaques brassees et echangeur de chaleur correspondant

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FR2855600B1 (fr) 2005-07-08
JP2007501376A (ja) 2007-01-25
FR2855600A1 (fr) 2004-12-03
US7299642B2 (en) 2007-11-27
US20070028627A1 (en) 2007-02-08
WO2004106833A1 (fr) 2004-12-09
EP1631783A1 (fr) 2006-03-08

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