CN1793700A - Bionic non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheel - Google Patents
Bionic non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN1793700A CN1793700A CN 200510119126 CN200510119126A CN1793700A CN 1793700 A CN1793700 A CN 1793700A CN 200510119126 CN200510119126 CN 200510119126 CN 200510119126 A CN200510119126 A CN 200510119126A CN 1793700 A CN1793700 A CN 1793700A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design of wearable appearance of gear teeth and the manufacturing technique, for applying bionic nonsmooth theory to provide a bionic nonsmooth wearable gear able to effectively gear surface wearability. And it makes engaging friction surfaces of gear teeth into bionic nonsmooth surfaces, i.e. its teeth surfaces are distributed with ellipsoidal-pit, groove or grid nonsmooth unit bodies whose surfaces each have a 25 mum height difference from the surface of the basal body of the gear and whose distribution density is the ratio of geometric projected area on the surface of the basal body to the basal body area S=15~30%, and the hardness difference between the materials of the unit bodies and the basal body is 20-40 HRC, and these unit bodies the lubricated state of gear engaging and driving, thus improving gear wearability. The method is a more reasonable, effective, gear wearability-improving method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of machining.Particularly relate to the design and manufacturing processing technique of the wear-resisting pattern of gear tooth.
Background technique
Gear mechanism is a kind of driving mechanism that is most widely used in the modern mechanism, and its transmission is accurate, steady, high, the long service life, safe and reliable of mechanical efficiency.In the gear transmission process, one of main failure forms is the wearing and tearing on flank profil surface.The wearing and tearing of flank profil are under the lubricating status condition of poor, the result of abrasive particle fretting wear and two principal element effects of fatigue, friction and wear.Flank profil geometric features after the heavy wear changes, and backlash increases, and causes that transmission is not steady, can cause broken teeth when serious.At home and abroad, for improving the wear resistance of gear surface, except that seeking novel anti-attrition high-abrasive material, improve surface finishment, adding the lubriation material, surface treatment new process (ion vulcanizing treatment, metal conditioner, laser hardening, hot-spraying nano structure oxide ceramic coating etc.) then is the important method that prolongs service life of gear at present, improves its wear-resisting property.But the big multiprocessing duration of these methods is longer, and expense is higher, and thin hardened layer is thinner, often in use is worn very soon, has reduced the validity that gear uses under various working conditions.And the raising degree of gear wear resistance also is limited, can not fundamentally solve the wear problem on gear-profile surface.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to change the conventional gears processing mode, utilization bionic, non-smooth theory provides a kind of wearing and tearing that can effectively solve the gear-profile surface, improves the bionic non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheel of gear surface wear resistance.
Bionics Study is found in recent years, non-smooth be the ubiquitous phenomenon of living nature, all have non-smooth surface as plumage, shell, animal body surface and plant leaf blade etc., and this non-smooth surface has drag reduction, desorption and wear-resisting function mostly.To some biological discovering as pangolin scale, dung beetle, shell, tooth, bamboo wood etc., the non-smooth morphology of the wear-resisting functions that organism surface has and its body surface has substantial connection, the non-smooth morphology of some marine organisms such as sandy beach shell surface has material impact to bearing washing away of seawater, and the non-smooth pattern of the dental surface of animal also is more typical wear-resisting example.The non-smooth morphology of body surface can reduce adhesive wear and friction factor in wear process, and makes the sliding friction behavior that produces in friction process change the rolling friction behavior into, thereby has alleviated the damage to its body surface greatly.Different organisms is because the survival environment difference has different non-smooth morphology, as convex closure (dung beetle head, Fig. 1), pit (shell surface, Fig. 2), groove (shell surface, Fig. 3), scale (pangolin body surface, Fig. 4), form such as grid, the size of the non-smooth units body of its body surface of various organisms can be from several microns to tens millimeters.
According to above-mentioned bionic, non-smooth and abrasion-resistant thought, the present invention according to gear-driven specific requirement, selects elliposoidal pit, groove and grid-shaped bionic, non-smooth form from the practical standpoint of engineering bionics for use.The elliposoidal pit is the form that goes out from tribology angle optimal design, and groove can be regarded as by continuous a plurality of pits and form, and latticed non-smooth morphology can be regarded as to be intersected mutually by a plurality of discontinuous parallel groove cell cubes and form.The concrete technological scheme accompanying drawings that realizes above-mentioned purpose is as follows:
Become the elliposoidal pit cell cube of regular distribution in the working gear surface Machining, the concrete dimensional parameters of each cell cube is: the end face transverse of elliposoidal pit is 40～60 μ m, minor axis 30～50 μ m, centre distance is 200～300 μ m, the hole is 20～30 μ m deeply.
Become the channel form cell cube of regular distribution in the working gear surface Machining, the concrete dimensional parameters of each cell cube is: the width of groove is 40～60 μ m, and spacing is 150～250 μ m, and the degree of depth is 25～30 μ m.
Become the arrangement that assumes diamond in shape of the latticed cell cube of regular distribution, grid cell [bin body in the working gear surface Machining, mesh width is 40～50 μ m, and trellis depth is 25～30 μ m, and the spacing between two grooves is 200～250 μ m.
For guaranteeing the requirement of gear tooth surface roughness, the non-smooth yardstick in flank profil surface is that microcosmic is non-smooth, needs to realize this requirement with laser processing technology.During laser beam machining, because it is light beam only shines the part of tooth surface,, very little to non-irradiation flank of tooth influence though the working position temperature is very high, thereby the heat affected zone to gear material is very little, gear does not have distortion substantially, can not influence the transmission accuracy of gear, and during laser beam machining, because consolidation speed is very fast, can make flank of tooth material form ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure, the degree that its hardness is quenched and can be reached far above normal temperature, the surface texture of high hardness also helps improving the wear-resisting property of tooth surface.
Above-mentioned cell cube becomes regular distribution to be in the working gear surface Machining: the distribution density of cell cube is 15%～30% for the ratio S of its geometric projection area sum on matrix surface and surface of the base body, and the difference of hardness between cell cube and the body material is between 20～40HRC.
The present invention is made into imitative biomophic non-smooth surface with the gear tooth surface Machining, be that the said units body becomes regular distribution to be in the working gear surface Machining: distributing on its surface is a plurality of concave units bodies of 20～30 μ m height difference with the gear matrix surface, and the distribution density of this cell cube is 15%～30% for the ratio S of its geometric projection area sum on matrix surface and surface of the base body.According to the difference of hardness between gear friction pair dynamic conditions and material decision non-smooth units body of tooth surface and the body material, difference of hardness between non-smooth units body and the body material should be between 20～40HRC, and this difference of hardness can guarantee that the wear resistance of relative engaging gear is improved significantly.
In various anti-friction wear-resistant measures, it is a kind of the most simple adopting reasonable lubrication, and efficient ways, and the configuration of surface of non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheel of the present invention can reach the purpose that improves the gear wear resistance from improving gear lubrication condition aspect.Because the relation of gear tooth morphology, be difficult for forming lubricant film during intermeshing two flank of tooth relative movement, so be difficult to set up Liquid Lubrication Condition between two engaging gears; Gear lubrication is a cycle discontinuity in addition, when two gear teeth mesh at every turn, all will rebulid lubricant film, thereby to form the condition of complete oil film very poor at every turn, often is in boundary lubrication condition.After the bionic, non-smooth and abrasion-resistant form that the present invention selectes copied to tooth surface with laser processing technology, the rule and the isolated non-smooth morphology that distribute at the gear teeth flank of tooth both can store lubricant oil, can store little metal fragment again.In the gear engagement process, though the pressure effect is arranged between the flank of tooth, but the lubricant oil in the non-smooth morphology of independent distribution is difficult for running off separately, even under the bigger situation of pressure, still can keep good lubricating condition, between mesh tooth face, form a buffering, guarantee the lubrication effect of meshing zone, reach best lubricating status.
According to the engineering bionics result of study, by computer simulation, design the non-smooth morphology pattern that gear surface has wear-resisting effect, and process bionic, non-smooth cell cube form at gear surface by laser process.From test result as can be seen, after tooth surface processes the bionic, non-smooth cell cube, compare with the smooth surface gear, wear resistance can improve 3～5 times, and the cost of the wear-resistant gear of the non-smooth morphology of producing only improves about 25-40%, thereby has high price performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the micro-structure diagram of the non-smooth morphology of dung beetle head convex closure shape;
Fig. 2 is the micro-structure diagram of the non-smooth morphology of shell surface dimple-shaped;
Fig. 3 is the micro-structure diagram of the non-smooth morphology of shell surface channel form;
Fig. 4 is the micro-structure diagram of the non-smooth morphology of pangolin body surface flakey;
Fig. 5 is latticed non-smooth surface form schematic representation;
Fig. 6 is an ellipsoid shape pit non-smooth surface form schematic representation;
Fig. 7 is a channel form non-smooth surface form schematic representation;
The non-smooth morphology wear-resistant gear of ellipsoid shape pit after Fig. 8 laser process.
Embodiment
Further specify the concrete application and the implementation process of the inventive method below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment.
Application in the high speed level gear transmission of example 1 the present invention in the screw conveyor skewed tooth cylindrical gears reduction gear
With reference to Fig. 5, the elliposoidal pit is the non-smooth pit form that goes out according to the tribology theory optimal design, ellipsoid major axis 40 μ m wherein, and minor axis 30 μ m cheat dark 25 μ m, two hole centre distance s
1=s
2=200 μ m, α=30 °.Small gear number of teeth Z in the cylindrical helical gear drive
1=25, the gearwheel tooth number Z
2=80, helixangle=15 ° 25 ' 36 "; large and small gear material is all used 40Cr, quenches in the quenching with Subsequent tempering rear surface, and tooth face hardness is 50HRC; 7 class precisions; through the gear and the gear that is untreated that bionic non-smooth surface is handled, when working under similarity condition, friction factor reduces by 18% each other; and the gear life with bionic non-smooth surface is 3.8 times of gear of being untreated, the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface improves about 29%.
Application in a pair of straight-tooth column gear transmission of example 2 the present invention in certain lathe gearbox
With reference to Fig. 5, the major axis of elliposoidal pit is 50 μ m, and minor axis is 40 μ m, cheats dark 25 μ m, two hole centre distance s
1=s
2=250 μ m, α=30 °.Small gear number of teeth Z in this example
1=21, the gearwheel tooth number Z
2=33, large and small gear material is 40Cr, quench in modified rear surface, the hardness of the flank of tooth is 48HRC, and 7 class precisions are through the gear of bionic non-smooth surface processing and the gear that is untreated, when under similarity condition, working, each other friction factor can reduce by 17%, and the life-span with bionic non-smooth surface gear is 3.7 times of gear of being untreated, and the cost of handling the bionic, non-smooth gear improves 22% approximately.
The application of example 3 the present invention on batch mixer usefulness enclosed normal cylindrical worm gear drive
With reference to Fig. 5, the major axis of elliposoidal pit is 60 μ m, and minor axis is 50 μ m, cheats dark 25 μ m, two hole centre distance s
1=S
2=300 μ m, α=30 °.Number of threads Z in the worm drive
1=2, material adopts 45 steel, and surface high frequency is quenched, and hardness is 52HRC, the worm gear tooth number Z
2=40, material is ZcuSn10P1, sand mold casting.Through the gear and the gear that is untreated that bionic non-smooth surface is handled, under similarity condition, work, friction factor reduces by 15% each other, and the life-span of bionic, non-smooth gear is 3.4 times of gear of being untreated, the cost of handling the bionic, non-smooth gear improves 25%.
The application of example 4 the present invention in the transmission of automobile differential usefulness spur bevel gear
With reference to Fig. 6, in this example, the cup depth h=25 μ m of channel form cell cube, groove width is w=40 μ m, and groove pitch is S=150 μ m (with center calculation), and groove direction and Gear axis are 30 ° of angles and distribute.Small gear number of teeth Z in the spur bevel gear transmission
1=10, the gearwheel tooth number Z
2=20, large and small gear material is all used 20Cr, and tooth face hardness is 58HRC behind the carburizing and quenching, 7 class precisions.Work under similarity condition, the friction factor that is meshing with each other between two gears reduces by 20%, and the life-span of bionic, non-smooth gear is 4.2 times of gear of being untreated, and the cost of handling the bionic, non-smooth gear only improves 32%.
The application of example 5 the present invention on the low-speed heave-load Double circular arc gear drive
With reference to Fig. 6, in this example, the cup depth h=25 μ m of channel form cell cube, groove width are that w=50 μ m, groove pitch are S=200 μ m (with center calculation), and groove direction and Gear axis are 30 ° of angles and distribute.Small gear number of teeth Z
1=36, material adopts 37SiMn2MoV, forging, and quenching with Subsequent tempering, tooth face hardness is 290HBS, the gearwheel tooth number Z
2=64, material is ZG35CrMo, Cast Steel, and quenching with Subsequent tempering, tooth face hardness is 240HBS, helixangle=31 ° 40 ' 21 ", 7 class precisions.Through the gear and the gear that is untreated that bionic non-smooth surface is handled, under similarity condition, work, friction factor reduces by 13% each other, and the life-span of bionic, non-smooth gear is 3 times of gear of being untreated, the cost of handling the bionic, non-smooth gear improves 35%.
Example 6 the present invention hollow flank worm (profile of tooth ZC in metallurgical equipment
1) application in the transmission
With reference to Fig. 6, in this example, the cup depth h=25 μ m of channel form cell cube, groove width are that w=60 μ m, groove pitch are S=250 μ m (with center calculation), and groove direction and Gear axis are 30 ° of angles and distribute., the number of threads Z in the worm drive
1=3, material adopts 16MnCr5, carburizing and quenching and grinding, and hardness is 60HRC, the worm gear tooth number Z
2=37, material is GZ-CuSn12, centrifugal casting.Through the gear and the gear that is untreated that bionic non-smooth surface is handled, under similarity condition, work, friction factor reduces by 17% each other, and the life-span of bionic, non-smooth gear is 3.6 times of gear of being untreated, the cost of handling the bionic, non-smooth gear improves 33%.
The application of example 7 the present invention in the high speed level gear transmission of Belt Conveyors straight tooth cylindrical gear reducer
Latticed non-smooth morphology can be regarded as to be intersected mutually by a plurality of discontinuous parallel groove cell cubes and form.According to this design philosophy, can make laser process simpler.With reference to Fig. 7, mesh width is w=40 μ m in the grid non-smooth surface, and trellis depth is h=25 μ m, and mesh spacing is S
1=S
2=200 μ m (with center calculation), the grid cell [bin body arrangement that assumes diamond in shape, α=30 °.Small gear number of teeth Z in this example
1=30, material is 40Cr, and hardness is 280HBS after quenching with Subsequent tempering, the gearwheel tooth number Z
2=96, material is 45 steel, hardness is 240HBS after the quenching with Subsequent tempering, 7 class precisions, through the gear and the gear that is untreated that bionic non-smooth surface is handled, when working under similarity condition, friction factor can reduce by 23% each other, life-span with bionic non-smooth surface gear is 5 times of gear of being untreated, and the cost of handling the bionic, non-smooth gear improves 40% approximately.
The application of example 8 the present invention in the transmission of stirrer first order deceleration enclosed single-stage spur bevel gear
With reference to Fig. 7, mesh width is w=50 μ m in the grid non-smooth surface, and trellis depth is h=25 μ m, and mesh spacing is S
1=S
2=250 μ m (with center calculation), the grid cell [bin body arrangement that assumes diamond in shape, α=30 °.Small gear number of teeth Z in the spur bevel gear transmission
1=26, the gearwheel tooth number Z
2=65, large and small gear material is all used 45 steel, and small gear is modified, and tooth face hardness is 250HBS, the gearwheel normalizing, and tooth face hardness is 210HBS.Work under similarity condition, the friction factor that is meshing with each other between two gears reduces by 19%, and the life-span of bionic, non-smooth gear is 4.4 times of gear of being untreated, and the cost of handling the bionic, non-smooth gear only improves 38%.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of bionic non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheel is characterized in that becoming in the working gear surface Machining elliposoidal pit cell cube of regular distribution, and the concrete dimensional parameters of each cell cube is:
The end face transverse of elliposoidal pit is 40～60 μ m, minor axis 30～50 μ m, and centre distance is 200～300 μ m, the hole is 20～30 μ m deeply.
2, a kind of bionic non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheel is characterized in that becoming in the working gear surface Machining channel form cell cube of regular distribution, and the concrete dimensional parameters of each cell cube is:
The width of groove is 40～60 μ m, and spacing is 150～250 μ m, and the degree of depth is 20～30 μ m.
3, a kind of bionic non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheel, it is characterized in that becoming the latticed cell cube of regular distribution in the working gear surface Machining, the arrangement that assumes diamond in shape of grid cell [bin body, mesh width is 40～50 μ m, trellis depth is 20～30 μ m, and the spacing between two grooves is 200～250 μ m.
4, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described bionic non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheels, it is characterized in that said cell cube becomes regular distribution to be in the working gear surface Machining: the distribution density of cell cube is 15%～30% for the ratio S of its geometric projection area sum on matrix surface and surface of the base body, and the difference of hardness between cell cube and the body material is between 20～40HRC.
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| CNB2005101191261A CN100392290C (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2005-12-28 | Bionic non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheel |
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| CNB2005101191261A CN100392290C (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2005-12-28 | Bionic non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheel |
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