CN1788155A - Wind turbine - Google Patents

Wind turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1788155A
CN1788155A CNA2004800071849A CN200480007184A CN1788155A CN 1788155 A CN1788155 A CN 1788155A CN A2004800071849 A CNA2004800071849 A CN A2004800071849A CN 200480007184 A CN200480007184 A CN 200480007184A CN 1788155 A CN1788155 A CN 1788155A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
rotor
power output
wind
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA2004800071849A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN1788155B (en
Inventor
戴维·尤尔特·安德森
查尔斯·劳伦斯·西尔弗通
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renewable Devices Swift Turbines Ltd
Original Assignee
Renewable Devices Swift Turbines Ltd
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Publication of CN1788155A publication Critical patent/CN1788155A/en
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Publication of CN1788155B publication Critical patent/CN1788155B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/18—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/22—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus producing heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/33—Shrouds which are part of or which are rotating with the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

There is described herein a rotor for a wind turbine comprising a plurality of radial blades and a ring-shaped aerofoil diffuser connecting the outer tips of the blades. Further there is described a wind turbine comprising said rotor and further comprising a nacelle and a mounting means adapted to allow rotation of the turbine and rotor about a directional axis perpendicular to the rotational axis, thus allowing the turbine to be oriented in the optimum direction depending on wind conditions. A furling means is disclosed to effect a change in orientation depending on wind speeds. A wind turbine system is also disclosed comprising: a wind turbine driven generator and means for providing a power output, the power output connected to a heating system, a grid-tie inverter or stand alone inverter adapted to supply power to local or grid power infrastructure, or an energy storage system. A method of controlling the level of power taken from a wind turbine; and a wind turbine comprising means for reducing the operating vibrations caused by harmonic resonance within the turbine, tower and mounting structure are also described.

Description

Wind turbine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind turbine, more particularly, relate to a kind of wind turbine that is used to be installed in the roof and is used for heating system (family expenses or commercialization), energy-storage system, accumulating system or place or nationwide integrated power grid.
Background technique
British government has made 2010 and has reduced CO in the Kyoto Protocol 2The promise of discharge amount to 1/10, and Scotland administrative department has set up even more urgent environmental goals.Therefore, laid particular emphasis on renewable energy sources recently.The energy requirement analysis shows that 47% of the annual energy requirement of Britain comes from building, and it accounts for Britain CO 240% of discharge amount.Technology of the present invention will provide great economic benefit and almost can reduce Britain CO for the building above 33% 2Discharge amount to 13%.
Size is adapted to be mounted within the roof and only is designed for smooth air with the existing wind turbine that energy is provided, and along with the disorderly air-flow of the compression that forms above the building and on every side vibrates tempestuously, it produces noise and generating efficiency reduces.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to overcome one or more the problems referred to above.
According to a first aspect of the invention, it provides a kind of rotor that is used for wind turbine, comprises that a plurality of radial blades are connected the ring diversion plate diffuser of blade outer end with one.
Preferably, the guide plate diffuser extends downstream from the outer end of blade.The outer end of blade can link to each other with diffuser at the leading edge place of diffuser or near this place.
Preferably, the guide plate diffuser outwards forms tapering from the outer end of blade, to form a diffuser that is essentially truncated cone, the spin axis of the spin axis substantial registration blade of this truncated cone diffuser.
As selection, at least a portion of guide plate diffuser is upstream extended from the outer end of blade, and when when upstream extremity extends to downstream, guide plate diffuser radially outward forms tapering.
Preferably, the guide plate diffuser forms prevention from part of vane axially and the part radial air flow, and described air-flow becomes circumferentially when touching the guide plate diffuser.There is comprehensive improvement aspect the aerodynamic force of blade and diffuser assembly and the acoustic characteristic when more preferably, the shape of guide plate diffuser makes rotation.
Preferably, the guide plate diffuser is suitable for stoping from the part of blade outer end circumferential and part radial air flow in proper functioning, and changes described air-flow into circumferential air-flow.
Preferably, blade tilts at an angle with respect to a horizontal rotor plane perpendicular to the rotor spin axis.This tilt angle can be along the length change of blade.
Preferably, the tilt angle of each blade is bigger than the outer end of blade at the intermediate portion of blade.Preferably, blade is arranged essentially parallel to horizontal rotor plane at the place, outer end of blade.
According to a second aspect of the invention, it provides a kind of wind turbine that comprises according to the first aspect rotor.Preferably, this wind turbine comprises that also one is suitable for allowing wind turbine and rotor to wind cabin and erecting device perpendicular to an orientated axis rotation of spin axis.This allow wind turbine depend on wind situation and towards optimum orientation.
Preferably, to such an extent as to this wind turbine comprises that also one is suitable for making rotor rotate the winder (furling means) that spin axis is not parallel to airflow direction around orientated axis in airspeed during greater than predetermined air flow speed.
Preferably, this winder comprise one be suitable in the first low scope of airspeed, not providing furl and the second high scope in airspeed in the non-linear winder that furls in various degree is provided.Preferably, this winder comprises at least two tail fins to the downstream extension of diffuser.Preferably, this winder comprises two tail fins of diameter setting toward each other, still, if the position of tail fin is a balance, also more tail fins can be set if desired.
Preferably, a tail fin is that hinge is installed the movable tail fin that is used for around a tangential hinge lines rotation.This activity tail fin can be installed in one and install on the cantilever, and hinge lines can be arranged on the tie point that cantilever and cabin are installed and sentence as for cantilever is installed and also rotate, to such an extent as to perhaps be arranged on the only movable tail fin rotation in the joint of installing between cantilever and the movable tail fin, perhaps be arranged on along any some place that jib-length is installed.
In addition or as selecting, tail fin can cause a tail fin around horizontal axis around a horizontal axis rotation under high wind speed.
Preferably, this activity tail fin is biased into a position of rest by the biased member rotation, the leading edge of movable tail fin is than the spin axis of the more close rotor of trailing edge of movable tail fin, to such an extent as to static angle of attack of the spin axis of movable tail fin and rotor formation in this position.Biased member can be for nonlinear.Preferably, biased member is suitable for maintenance activity tail fin and reaches predetermined speed in position of rest up to airspeed.Preferably, when airspeed increased above predetermined speed, this activity tail fin rotation and the angle of attack reduced.This produces non-equilibrium airload on wind turbine, furl the position to such an extent as to wind turbine rotates to one around its installation axis.
Preferably, according to a third aspect of the invention we, it provides a kind of wind turbine system, and this system comprises the generator of a wind turbine driven and is used to provide the device of power output.
Preferably, this system also comprises an electronic control system.
Preferably, this system comprise one have one or more energy absorption devices dump element (dump element).This energy absorption device can be the form of resistive element.
Preferably, dump the form that element is a fluid storage container, wherein have the electrical heating elements that is suitable for heating liquid in the described storage vessel.
Preferably, control gear can be used for supplying electric energy to described one or more electrical heating elements when the energy from wind turbine surpasses predetermined power.In one embodiment, fluid storage container is that a cold water tank and liquid are water.Heating element is a radiator in another embodiment.
Preferably, when because cut off, reduce or separate described electrical load and the electrical load forfeiture that causes or reduce to make that can surpass power output from the energy that wind obtains the time, this dumps element and is triggered by electronic control system.
Preferably, in the time of on spinner velocity increases to by " dumping beginning " spinner velocity of a certain regulation that imbalance produced of wind turbine rotor moment of torsion and wind turbine generator moment of torsion, the described element that dumps is triggered.Described wind turbine rotor moment of torsion depends on that wind speed and described wind turbine generator moment of torsion depend on electrical load.
In addition, the described element that dumps is suitable for increasing the wind turbine generator moment of torsion and surpasses the wind turbine rotor moment of torsion, thus reduce wind turbine rotor speed up to it near or reach aerodynamic stalling.When wind turbine rotor speed is lower than " dump and stop " spinner velocity of a certain regulation, dumps load and obtain discharging.Described " dumping beginning " and " dump and stop " spinner velocity are determined with power and are output into ratio, thereby reduce generator torque.
Preferably, in order to control the energy level that obtains from wind turbine, wind turbine system according to the present invention is provided with a control gear.Because the reason of efficient, the peak output output of wind turbine is approximately 60W, is provided by the Betz limit.This control system is suitable for increasing on a small quantity or reduces the power output of wind turbine and power output is set on this level temporarily.After a time, control system will be measured the spinner velocity of wind turbine once more, and therefore calculate the acceleration of rotor.After the other time period, spinner velocity is carried out other measurement.These values are used to the described increase of power output or reduce to calculate first, second and the 3rd rank value, the i.e. variance ratio of speed, acceleration/deceleration and acceleration/deceleration.The combination of described first, second and the 3rd rank value has been determined change that current power is exported and has been conditioned once more from the amount of energy of wind turbine.Above-mentioned steps repeats continuously.
Preferably, system comprises one according to the present invention first or the wind turbine of second aspect.
Power output can be connected with a heating system, and this heating system also comprises another fluid storage container, one or morely is suitable for heating the electrical heating elements of described another liquid in containers and is suitable for controlling the control gear that described generator is supplied the generating of described one or more electrical heating elements.
Preferably, another fluid storage container is that hot-water cylinder and liquid are water.
In addition or as selecting, heating system comprises a plurality of electrical heating elements, and control gear is suitable for supplying electric energy to a part of electrical heating elements, and this depends in part on the instantaneous electric energy that generator produces.
Preferably, the heating element in another liquid-container by a pipe ring around.In order to allow water to flow to heating element below managing, this Guan Zaiqi lower end is opened wide.This pipe will be basically around and extend across the total length of heating element.Water near heating element will be heated, and upwards flow because of natural convection.The existence of pipe will guide flow of hot water near or be positioned at a zone of container top.The existence of pipe can form different in this another fluid storage container and heat lamination hot-zone independently.
In addition or as selecting, power output can be connected to that an electrical network connects or isolated changer.Preferably, this changer is suitable for supplying electric energy to the place or the grid power facility.
In addition or as selecting, power output can be connected to an energy-storage system.
According to a forth aspect of the invention, it provides the method for a kind of control from the energy level of wind turbine acquisition, comprises the following steps of being taked by control gear: (a) increase or reduce the power output of wind turbine on a small quantity; (b) level that power is exported is set temporarily; (c) after the preset time section, spinner velocity is carried out a plurality of measurements; (d), promptly be respectively the variance ratio of speed, acceleration/deceleration and acceleration/deceleration to the described increase of power output or reduce to calculate first, second and the 3rd rank value; (e) regulate the energy that obtains from wind turbine corresponding to result of calculation.
Preferably, step (b) to (e) repeats continuously.
Preferably, the logic below control gear uses is determined to regulate: if (a): the increment rate (positive three rank response) that has the described acceleration of positive second order spinner velocity response (acceleration) and spinner velocity; So: control gear causes power output to increase; Perhaps (b) if: the reduced rate (three negative rank respond) that has the described acceleration of positive second order spinner velocity response (acceleration) and spinner velocity; So: control gear causes power output to increase or does not change as selecting; Perhaps (c) if: the increment rate (three positive rank respond) that has the described acceleration of negative second order spinner velocity response (retardation) and spinner velocity; So: control gear causes power output to reduce; Perhaps (d) if: the reduced rate (three negative rank respond) that has the described retardation of negative second order spinner velocity response (retardation) and spinner velocity; So: control gear causes power output to increase or does not change as selecting.
Preferably, control gear repeats above-mentioned steps and exports with continuous adjusting power, and to guarantee the always maximum available energy to wind turbine of power output, this depends on the local wind speed at rotor plane place.
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, it provides a wind turbine according to second aspect, comprises being used to reduce by the shake device of the operational shock that causes of the simple harmonic quantity in wind turbine, tower and the mounting structure.
Preferably, wind turbine is provided with a cabin damped system.To help to make vibration and tower in generator and the wind turbine to separate according to cabin of the present invention damped system.
Preferably, wind turbine is provided with the mounting bracket that is used for installing from the teeth outwards wind turbine, and this support has the sandwich structure of a kind of damped elasticity material and structural material.
Erecting device can be any shape of cross section, but is generally tubular.Preferably, tower comprises the core of one or more flexible materials such as rubber, and this core has some and has the diameter reduction and the part of the inner radial surface of contact tower not.These parts with diameter reduction replace with the part with the inner surface of normal size and contact tower.
This is used for being dissipated in flexible core and the vibration on absorption tower before arriving mounting bracket at energy.Therefore this rubber core works the vibration frequency of control system outside the wind turbine driven frequency by the vibration frequency that absorbs certain limit.By changing the shape of cross section and the length of each diameter reduction part, system can transfer the vibration frequency of removing certain limit from mounting structure to.
This interlayer mounting bracket has benefited from the design of erecting device core and suppresses vibration from the cabin.Cabin self is by being designed to eliminate the lining support generator of residual frequency.High/low bandpass filter serves as in these three systems, and this moment, unique frequency that is not weakened was those frequencies that surpass the wind turbine range of operation.
Description of drawings
Referring now to the description of drawings embodiments of the invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 a and 1b have shown the schematic representation according to two embodiments of wind turbine of the present invention;
Fig. 2 a and 2b have shown the plan view according to two embodiments of the rotor of the wind turbine of Fig. 1 a and 1b and winder respectively;
Fig. 3 has shown the embodiment according to a cantilever of winder of the present invention in detail;
Fig. 4 has shown according to the cantilever of Fig. 3 and being connected of cabin;
Fig. 5 a has shown being connected of cantilevered distal end and tail fin with 5b;
Fig. 6 shown and has been fit to link to each other with wind turbine according to the present invention, be used to add a schematic representation of the heating equipment of hot water;
Fig. 7 has schematically shown the work according to the control system of the heating equipment of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 A, 8B and 9A, 9B shown and be fit to link to each other with wind turbine according to the present invention, be used to add another embodiment of the heating equipment of hot water;
Figure 10 has shown a viewgraph of cross-section of the erecting device that is used for the wind turbine according to the present invention, and wherein inside is provided with a vibration damping core;
Figure 11 and 12 has shown a viewgraph of cross-section according to the erecting device of Figure 10, as the optional embodiment of vibration damping core;
Figure 13 has shown the block schematic diagram according to a kind of wind turbine system of fourth aspect present invention; With
Figure 14 has shown the block schematic diagram according to a kind of wind turbine system of fifth aspect present invention.
Embodiment
In Fig. 1 a and 1b, shown possible embodiment according to wind turbine 10,110 of the present invention.Wind turbine 10,110 comprises a rotor 20,120 and an a plurality of radial blade 30,130 with core 25,125, and radial blade 30,130 extends to the outer end 31 of blade 30,130 from core 25,125.Rotor comprises that one is connected to and the radially guide plate 21,121 of surrounding rotor blade 30,130.Rotor 20,120 is rotatably fixed on the cabin 41,141 by core 25,125.Rotor 20,120 can be around spin axis 26 rotations.Cabin 41,141 is rotatably installed in the top of erecting device 40.Erecting device 40 allows wind turbine 10,110 to be fixed on above the supporter (not shown).And cabin 41,141 is provided with a winder 50,150.This winder 50,150 comprises first cantilever 51,151 and second cantilever 52,152.Cantilever 51,151,52,152 and end separately thereof are provided with tail fin 53,153,54,154.
Winder 50,150 has two functions.First function is the instantaneous direction that the spin axis 26 of maintenance rotor 20,120 is arranged essentially parallel to air-flow.In Fig. 1, air communication is crossed arrow 15 and is schematically shown.Second function of winder 50,150 is to make rotor 20,120 rotations leave wind when wind speed surpasses the output power needs of wind turbine or jeopardizes system integrity, thereby protection wind turbine 10,110 makes it avoid unacceptable high capacity.The structure of winder and work will describe with reference to figure 2a, 2b, 3,4,5a and 5b below.
Relate to the embodiment of Fig. 1 a though be appreciated that remaining explanation, this explanation is equally applicable to the embodiment of Fig. 1 b.
As shown in fig. 1, radially guide plate 21 connects and around wind turbine blade 30.Radially guide plate 21 will form small Venturi effect (venturieffect) near blade end, and the power output that the airspeed that is here produced increases wind turbine has maximum influence.This has improved the whole efficiency of wind turbine 10, this point will offset on the weight small increase and by the caused aerodynamical resistance of the increase of guide plate 21.Guide plate also will form better laminar flow along rotor blade.This is extremely important, because the air-flow on the roof is very disorderly usually.Another advantage is the following fact: radially the existence of guide plate 21 will increase the mechanical strength of rotor 20, allow each blade 30 to have more effective guide plate cross section.Another advantage is: owing to there is radially guide plate 21, comprises that noise that pneumatic eddy current comes off is eliminated or reduces, thereby the audio emission (noise) from rotating wind wheel machine rotor blade 30 is reduced.Radially the existence of guide plate 21 also helps to reduce the influence that disorderly air communication is crossed rotor plane, and so also helps to reduce acoustic emission.
Can see that in Fig. 1 the design of blade 30 makes the outer end 31 of blade 30 substantially perpendicular to spin axis 26.
The outer end 31 of blade is connected near the leading edge 22 of guide plate 21.The quantity of blade 30 can change.Guide plate 21 can orientate as with respect to blade 30 along the upstream or downstream direction extend.
In Fig. 2, shown according to the rotor 20 of the wind turbine 10 of Fig. 1 and the plan view of winder 50.Winder 50 comprises cantilever 51,52, respectively is provided with a tail fin 53,54 in their end.Air-flow 15 will apply certain pressure on tail fin 53,54.Tail fin will be with respect to the position of the direction balance and the stable rotor 20 of air-flow 15.When the direction of air-flow 15 changes, the pressure that produces on tail fin 53,54 also will change.The power that is produced will cause rotor 20 rotations, so that keep the direction of air-flow 15 consistent substantially with the spin axis 26 of rotor 20.In normal coiling process, the existence of guide plate 21 will reduce the vibration that come off and caused by unbalanced blade end eddy current.Because guide plate will be used to air-flow is shifted from blade end in coiling process, so this point is achieved.
Winder 50 according to the present invention is not only kept the best angle between rotor 20 and the air-flow 15, also carries at superelevation wind in addition and plays protection wind turbine 20 in the process.Winder 50 need or wind leaves air-flow around axis 42 rotating wind wheel machines (rotor) 20 when carrying the integrity that jeopardizes rotor 20 or other wind turbine component when output power that wind speed surpasses wind turbine to be designed to.As shown in Figure 2, tail fin 53,54 forms the wedge that a direction that is arranged essentially parallel to wind is pointed to wind or deviated from wind.Excessive wind carries and tail fin 53,54 will be moved with respect to cabin 41 and/or rotates.Preferably, a tail fin can not move or can only move restrictedly, cause rotor 20 to furl (or rotation) around axis 42, and second tail fin continues rotation under high gas flow speed.This means that winder 50 according to the present invention will keep rotor 20 under steady state and with respect to 15 one-tenth optimized angles of air-flow under the medium wind speed.In order to protect its integrity, only after surpassing a certain predetermined wind speed, just above-mentioned winder 50 can make rotor 20 rotations leave wind.
Structure according to winder 50 of the present invention causes winder non-linearly to act on respect to wind speed.Winder 50 restriction wind turbines are subjected to the influence degree of fitful wind and turbulent flow.
Small fitful wind can not make rotor move away wind.The Safety function of winder 50 will only work under the environment of high wind speed with protection wind turbine and generator separately.
As shown in Figure 2, cantilever 51 and 52 downstream directions along rotor 20 extend to tail fin from the cabin.Each tail fin 53 is consistent basically with the outside dimensions of rotor 20 with 54.Make according to the structure of winder 50 of the present invention to obtain compact structure, and and nonessential there is free space 41 back in the cabin.That means and has wind turbine now and compare this design that furls system and allow the total length of wind turbine significantly to reduce.
First embodiment who in Fig. 3 and 4, has shown cantilever 51 and each tail fin 53.Arrow is represented the motion of cantilever 51 with respect to cabin 41.Angle between rotor (not shown) spin axis 26 and the tail fin 53 changes by the hinge 60 that use is positioned at cantilever 51 roots.As shown in Figure 4, cantilever 51 remains on the tilt fixing about axis 26 by a disc spring 61.When the wind on the tail fin 53 carries enough when big, the confining force of cantilever 51 and tail fin 53 opposing disc springs 61 and rotating makes to produce non-equilibrium aerodynamic load on the rotor 20.This unbalanced force will cause the cabin around it axis 42 rotation (see figure 1)s to be installed.Should be noted that the disc spring 61 shown in Fig. 4 only is for example purposes, the spring of any kind may be used in the hinge 60.
Shown an optional embodiment in Fig. 5 a, the rotation that wherein furls fin takes place around a hinge 70 that is positioned at the cantilever outer end.In a further advantageous embodiment, hinge is a kind of spring hinge 170, as shown in Fig. 5 b.As shown in Figure 5, the clockwise direction rotation of tail fin 53 at hinge 70 places is subjected to 71 restrictions of an end stone.The counter clockwise direction rotation of tail fin 53 is subjected to the effect restriction of a disc spring (not shown) or spring hinge 170.When the speed of air-flow 15 was increased to the level that need furl, the confining force of hinge 70 or spring hinge 17 medi-springs was overcome, and tail fin 53 (the perhaps tail fin 154 in optional preferred embodiment) will rotate.This makes and produces non-equilibrium aerodynamic load on the rotor.This unbalanced force will cause the cabin around it axis 42 rotations to be installed once more, and the aerodynamic force on wind turbine reaches balance.Non-linear winder 50 according to the present invention will keep wind turbine to be the direction and stable of facining the wind, and jeopardize security of system and wind turbine departs from wind day by day up to wind speed.Therefore, winder 50 reduces constant depart from of wind turbine in fitful wind, otherwise will produce undesirable vibration and wind turbine blade noise.
Be positioned at the end of cantilever 51,52 though be appreciated that in described embodiment hinge feature, yet this hinge can be arranged on any point along cantilever 51,52.
In addition, or the conduct selection, the horizontal axis that tail fin 53,54 can be set to along them causes imbalance thus.
Because the existence of guide plate 21, the required actual angle that furls of protection wind turbine can be limited.A certain the furling of rotor 20 will cause along the aerodynamic stalling of guide plate 21 and/or blade 30.Stall at the beginning, the energy of air-flow 15 on rotor 20 will reduce.
In Fig. 6, shown a schematic representation of wind turbine heating system.This wind turbine heating system comprises first water reservoir 118.In this water reservoir, be provided with one or more electrical heating elements 114.Electrical heating elements 114 links to each other with wind turbine 10 by a control unit 116.Thereby will pass to the water that holds in the electrical heating elements 114 heating water reservoirs 118 by the electric current that wind turbine 10 produces.Can think when the heat transference efficiency of electrical heating elements and will cause lower component temperature by the energy input operation element that is lower than design load near 100% the time.The essence of wind energy is that power output will significantly be lower than the total specified power of heating system usually.So, be necessary to use heating system 114 with suitable power rating.
Water reservoir 118 is designed to store warm water before using.Water reservoir 118 can be a jar of being made by Cuprum alloy, but the jar of Any shape or any material can use, for example Glassed Steel and plastics.Cylinder of steel is more suitable in autoclave appts, and copper because its intrinsic corrosion resistance with the relevant long life and noticeable.The copper jar is fit to ventilation system and relevant low tank pressure thereof very much.
Use is according to the system of Fig. 6, and after all water in the water reservoir 118 all have been heated to Maximum allwable temperature, control unit 116 will no longer allow heating element 114 to release energy in the water reservoir 118.That means that the energy that is produced by wind turbine must " be dumped " and (dumps element) to other places.As long as wind turbine 10 is generating electricity, be necessary all has the device that discharges electric energy always.
When because cut off, reduce or separate described electrical load and the electrical load forfeiture that causes or reduce to make that can surpass power output from the energy that wind obtains the time, electronic control system " is opened " this and dumped element and trigger this and dump element.When the spinner velocity that increases was on by " dumping beginning " spinner velocity of a certain regulation that imbalance produced of wind turbine rotor moment of torsion and wind turbine generator moment of torsion, described element was triggered.Described wind turbine rotor moment of torsion depends on that wind speed and described wind turbine generator moment of torsion depend on electrical load.The described element that dumps is used to increase the wind turbine generator moment of torsion and surpasses the wind turbine rotor moment of torsion, reduce wind turbine rotor speed up to it near or reach stall.When wind turbine rotor speed was lower than " dump and stop " spinner velocity of a certain regulation, generator torque was dumped load by release and is reduced then.Described " dumping beginning " and " dump and stop " spinner velocity are defined as with power output and electrical load proportional.
Water by element 114 heating in reservoir of hot water 118 trends towards forming stacked layer.Because heat will be propagated by conduction and convection current, the temperature in each layer will not have very big-difference.Between each layer, there is high temperature gradient.This phenomenon is in that use will of great use under the situation of several heating elements, and top layer can be heated, then when lower layer order is heated by convection current keep below it layer without interruption.
Should be noted that the power connection that heating element design described here can have or not have series connection uses.When can not be when wind turbine obtains energy, this power connection will allow immersion type heating element (or special-purpose source element) so that energy to be provided.
About the efficient of wind turbine, the energy that is extracted from wind by rotor should be limited in about 60% (59.6%).Because the fact according to wind turbine of the present invention can be worked in rapid air-flow by increasing a new control system, can improve the efficient according to wind turbine of the present invention.
Fig. 7 has schematically shown the work according to control system of the present invention.At first, the load on the wind turbine is near a predetermined startup level (LO).After the scheduled time section, spinner velocity is carried out a plurality of measurements.These measured values are used to the described increase of power output or reduce to calculate first, second and the 3rd rank value.Decision current power output changes and is conditioned once more with the 3rd rank value from described first, second of amount of energy that wind turbine obtains.
The method of the energy level that control obtains from wind turbine comprise by control gear take below step:
(a) increase or reduce the power output of wind turbine on a small quantity;
(b) level that power is exported is set temporarily;
(c) after the preset time section, spinner velocity is carried out a plurality of measurements;
(d), promptly be respectively the variance ratio of speed, acceleration/deceleration and acceleration/deceleration to the described increase of power output or reduce to calculate first, second and the 3rd rank value;
(e) regulate the energy that obtains from wind turbine corresponding to result of calculation.
Step (b) to (e) repeats continuously then.
Logic below this control gear uses is determined to regulate:
(a) if: the increment rate (three positive rank respond) that has the described acceleration of positive second order spinner velocity response (acceleration) and spinner velocity; So: control gear causes power output to increase; Perhaps
(b) if: the reduced rate (three negative rank respond) that has the described acceleration of positive second order spinner velocity response (acceleration) and spinner velocity; So: control gear causes power output to increase or does not change as selecting; Perhaps
(c) if: the increment rate (three positive rank respond) that has the described acceleration of negative second order spinner velocity response (retardation) and spinner velocity; So: control gear causes power output to reduce; Perhaps
(d) if: the reduced rate (three negative rank respond) that has the described retardation of negative second order spinner velocity response (retardation) and spinner velocity; So: control gear causes power output to increase or does not change as selecting.
Control gear repeats above-mentioned steps and export with continuous adjusting power, with guarantee power output always maximum to the available energy of wind turbine, perhaps output, this depends on the local wind speed at rotor plane place.
Usually will be to tens of seconds scope because epitrochanterian wind speed with the continually varying fact, is used to increase and reduce the time lag of load capacity on the wind turbine at millisecond.
When the optional water reservoir 128 that uses as shown in Figure 8, the efficient of wind turbine heating system can further improve.Water reservoir 128 is provided with an electrical heating elements 124.This heating element 124 is covered by a surrounding tube 125 on its substantial distance direction.The bottom 126 of pipe 125 is opened wide.This makes water can flow into heating equipment 124 outsides and manages between 125 inside.Electric current one is by element 124, and electric energy just will transfer heat energy to, and this heat energy is delivered in the water then.Directly the moisture film around heating element 124 will be heated, and because natural convection will flow to the top of water reservoir 128 and prevent that its radial diffusion is in water reservoir 128.Because manage 125 existence, the water of heating is drawn towards a warm water district 130 at water reservoir 128 tops.Therefore the heat that is produced by heating element 124 concentrates on the top of water reservoir 128 and prevents that its radial diffusion is in water reservoir 128.This adds hot water to the required time of predetermined temperature with restriction, therefore reduces its energy consumption.
When the energy that is produced by wind turbine increased, the heat that is delivered in the water of water reservoir 128 also just increased.This means that hot water will increase to flowing of water reservoir 128 tops, thus the mixing that produces the thermosphere lamination, and produce the warm water district 130 that increases.This effect is shown among Fig. 9.Because the structure of water reservoir 128, energy no longer must " be dumped ".Because the following fact: the essence of wind energy is to make power export the total specified power that often fluctuates and be lower than heating system, so the use of water reservoir 128 is particularly suitable for wind turbine.
Normally in service according to wind turbine of the present invention, being shaken by the simple harmonic quantity in wind turbine, pylon and the mounting structure causes vibration.The blade imbalance that these come from produces because of the vibration that the distortion in running of rotor, motor or other wind turbine component, vibration that aerodynamic force causes or machinery cause.Eliminate the difficulty especially of shaking in the miniature wind turbine, because they move in the wide range of wind turbine tip speed.They keep outside intrinsic vibration frequency and the absorbing measure by novelty to reduce operational shock to such an extent as to following design is by control wind turbine tip speed.
The wind turbine that a horizontal axis is installed in building structure needs the damping of threshold frequency and mobile harmonic wave to surpass system's operation frequency.Damped system on the roof wind turbine is integrated in the design in the erecting device of wind turbine and cabin.The roof wind turbine that these shock absorption systems are worked together and do not had the operation of making an uproar to form.
Novel wind turbine mounting bracket uses the sandwich structure of a kind of damped elasticity material and structural material.
This erecting device tower comprises the core of a novelty, is generally rubber, and this core has some and has the long-pending and part that do not contact the erecting device internal surface of reduced cross section contacts the erecting device internal surface with some part.This is used for being dissipated in the vibration that the rubber core absorbs erecting device before arriving mounting bracket at energy.This rubber core also plays the effect that the vibration frequency that makes system surpasses the wind turbine driven frequency.
A possible embodiment who in Figure 10, has shown erecting device inside with cross section.In this embodiment, the erecting device cross section is tubular.Erecting device 40 comprises a hollow core, wherein has a cylindrical core element 90.This core component 90 is provided with a hollow space 91 therebetween to allow element, passes through via the inside of core component 90 as power line.Core component 90 has part 92, and the external diameter of part 92 internal diameter with erecting device 40 basically is corresponding.These parts and the part 93 that has diameter reduction and do not contact erecting device 40 inner radial surface are alternately.This interlayer mounting bracket is together with the vibration in the design inhibition system of erecting device core.The main source of these rotations is to pass to the vibration of building and the aerodynamic turbulence around the obstacle from wind turbine, and they have reduced power output but the more important thing is the operating life that has shortened wind turbine.
An optional embodiment who in Figure 11, has shown erecting device inside with cross section.
The hollow core of erecting device 40 is provided with a core component 94.This core component 94 is provided with a hollow space 91 therebetween.Core component 94 is provided with the part 92 that external diameter corresponds essentially to erecting device 40 internal diameters.These parts and the part 93 that has diameter reduction and do not contact erecting device 40 inner radial surface are alternately.When contrast Figure 10 and 11, very clear, the shape of the groove in each core component 90 and 94 is different.Should be noted that Figure 10 and 11 is only for illustrational purpose.Also can adopt the optional embodiment of core component.
Figure 12 has shown another embodiment of erecting device 40 inside.As shown in Figure 12, the inside of erecting device 40 comprises the core component 95 in a plurality of insertion erecting devices, and wherein first element 95 is near adjacent element 95.In the example of Figure 12, the shape of each element 95 further groove is different from the embodiment according to Figure 10 and 11 again.
In wind turbine, noise comes from two fields: air power source and mechanical sources.Aerodynamic noise sends from blade, because have the interaction of the blade surface of turbulent flow and natural air in the blade surrounding edge interlayer or viscous flow and produce.Mechanical noise is because the relative movement of mechanical part and the dynamic response between them.If cabin, rotor and tower are propagated mechanical noise and are spread, serve as a speaker, this effect can be exaggerated.There are two kinds of noise problems: the direct construct noise by structure-borne from parts surface or internal communication to airborne airborne noise and before sending by another parts.
Wind turbine is installed and erecting device is designed to integrally-built vibration frequency is pushed into the vibration that caused by blade imbalance, aerodynamic force, vibration that machinery causes and be out of shape outside the operational shock frequency that is produced.This installation comprises a damped system of eliminating vibration.
As shown in Figure 13, wind turbine 10 can form the part of wind turbine system 200, and this system can link to each other with a changer 201 isolated or that electrical network is connected, is used to be connected to local electricity facility or local or Embedded electrical network connector 202.System 200 also can be provided with a rectifier 203, this rectifier to from the power of wind turbine 10 output carry out rectification and with the electronic controller of the power delivery to after the rectification 204 (as described in the embodiment of front), this controller can " dump " excessive load 205 (can carry out as described in other embodiments by an external impedance load) or supply electric energy to changer 201.Like this, wind turbine system 200 can be used to supply electric energy to electric power facility, as local power network or nationwide integrated power grid.
As shown in figure 14, wind turbine 10 can form the part of the wind turbine system 300 that links to each other with energy-storage system 301.This storage device can be the form of battery pile, or any other suitable form of energy storage device.System 300 also can be provided with a rectifier 303, this rectifier to from the power of wind turbine 10 output carry out rectification and with the electronic controller of the power delivery to after the rectification 304 (can carry out as described in other embodiments) by an external impedance load, this controller can " dump " excessive load 305 (can carry out as described in other embodiments) or supply electric energy to storage device 301.Like this, wind turbine system 200 can be used to use after transmission of electric energy to storage device is used for.
Can make amendment and improve and do not depart from the scope of the present invention aforementioned.

Claims (57)

1, a kind of rotor that is used for wind turbine comprises that a plurality of radial blades are connected the ring diversion plate diffuser of described blade outer end with one.
2, rotor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described guide plate diffuser extends downstream from the outer end of described blade.
According to arbitrary described rotor in the claim of front, it is characterized in that 3, the outer end of described blade links to each other with described diffuser at the leading edge place of diffuser or near this leading edge place.
4, according to arbitrary described rotor in the claim of front, it is characterized in that, described guide plate diffuser outwards forms tapering from the outer end of blade, to form a diffuser that is essentially truncated cone, the spin axis of the spin axis substantial registration blade of this truncated cone diffuser.
5, rotor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, at least a portion of described guide plate diffuser is upstream extended from the outer end of blade.
6, according to arbitrary described rotor in the claim of front, it is characterized in that, when the guide plate diffuser when upstream extremity extends to downstream, radially outward forms tapering.
According to arbitrary described rotor in the claim of front, it is characterized in that 7, the guide plate diffuser forms prevention from part of vane axially and the part radial air flow, described air-flow becomes when touching the guide plate diffuser circumferentially.
According to arbitrary described rotor in the claim of front, it is characterized in that 8, the guide plate diffuser is suitable for stoping from the part of blade outer end circumferential and part radial air flow in proper functioning, and change described air-flow into be essentially circumferential air-flow.
According to arbitrary described rotor in the claim of front, it is characterized in that 9, blade tilts at an angle with respect to a horizontal rotor plane perpendicular to the rotor spin axis.
10, rotor according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the tilt angle can be along the length change of blade.
According to claim 9 or 10 described rotors, it is characterized in that 11, the tilt angle of each blade is bigger than the place, outer end of blade in the intermediate portion office of blade.
According to arbitrary described rotor in the claim of front, it is characterized in that 12, blade is arranged essentially parallel to horizontal rotor plane at the place, outer end of blade.
13, a kind of wind turbine that comprises according to arbitrary described rotor in the claim 1 to 12, also comprise cabin and erecting device, they are suitable for allowing wind turbine and rotor to wind an orientated axis rotation perpendicular to spin axis, thereby allow wind turbine according to the situation of wind and towards optimum orientation.
14, wind turbine according to claim 13 also comprises winder, makes described spin axis be not parallel to airflow direction thereby described winder is suitable for rotor being rotated in airspeed during greater than predetermined air flow speed around orientated axis.
15, wind turbine according to claim 14, it is characterized in that, described winder comprises a non-linear winder, its be suitable in the first low scope of airspeed, not providing furl and the second high scope in airspeed in provide in various degree and furl.
According to claim 14 and 15 described wind turbines, it is characterized in that 16, described winder comprises at least two tail fins to the downstream extension of described diffuser.
17, wind turbine according to claim 16 is characterized in that, two tail fins radially are provided with each other on the contrary.
According to claim 16 or 17 described wind turbines, it is characterized in that 18, one of them tail fin is the movable tail fin that hinge is installed, it is around a tangential hinge lines rotation.
19, wind turbine according to claim 18, it is characterized in that, described movable tail fin can be installed in one and install on the cantilever, and thereby hinge lines can be arranged on the tie point place that cantilever and cabin are installed and makes and cantilever is installed is also rotated, thereby perhaps be arranged on the joint of installing between cantilever and the movable tail fin and make only movable tail fin rotation, perhaps be arranged on along any some place that jib-length is installed.
20, according to claim 18 or 19 described wind turbines, it is characterized in that tail fin rotates around horizontal axis under high wind speed, cause a tail fin around horizontal axis.
21, according to arbitrary described wind turbine in the claim 18 to 20, it is characterized in that, movable tail fin is biased into a position of rest by the biased member rotation, the leading edge of movable tail fin is than the spin axis of the more close rotor of trailing edge of movable tail fin, to such an extent as to the spin axis of movable tail fin and rotor forms a static angle of attack in this position.
22, wind turbine according to claim 21 is characterized in that, described biased member is nonlinear.
23, according to claim 21 or 22 described wind turbines, it is characterized in that, described biased member is suitable for maintenance activity tail fin and reaches a predetermined speed in position of rest up to airspeed, and when airspeed increases above predetermined speed, this activity tail fin rotation and the angle of attack reduce, thereby produce non-equilibrium airload on the wind turbine, make wind turbine rotate to one and furl the position around its installation axis.
24, a kind of wind turbine system comprises: the generator of a wind turbine driven and the device that is used to provide power output.
25, wind turbine system according to claim 24 is characterized in that, this system also comprises an electronic control system.
According to claim 24 or 25 described wind turbine system, it is characterized in that 26, this system comprises dumps element, the described element that dumps has one or more energy absorption devices.
27, wind turbine system according to claim 26 is characterized in that, described energy absorption device can be the form of resistive element.
28, according to claim 26 or 27 described wind turbine system, it is characterized in that, dump the form that element is a fluid storage container, wherein have the electrical heating elements that is suitable for heating liquid in the described storage vessel.
29, wind turbine system according to claim 28 is characterized in that, described control gear can be used for supplying electric energy to described one or more electrical heating elements when the energy from wind turbine surpasses predetermined power.
According to claim 28 or 29 described wind turbine system, it is characterized in that 30, described fluid storage container is that cold water tank and liquid are water.
According to claim 28 or 29 described wind turbine system, it is characterized in that 31, described heating element is a radiator.
32, wind turbine system according to claim 26, it is characterized in that, when because cut off, reduce or separate described electrical load and the electrical load forfeiture that causes or reduce to make and dump element and trigger to surpass power output from the energy that wind obtains the time by electronic control system.
33, wind turbine system according to claim 32, it is characterized in that, in the time of on spinner velocity increases to by " dumping beginning " spinner velocity of a certain regulation that imbalance produced of wind turbine rotor moment of torsion and wind turbine generator moment of torsion, dumping element is triggered, described wind turbine rotor moment of torsion depends on wind speed, and described wind turbine generator moment of torsion depends on electrical load.
34, wind turbine system according to claim 33, it is characterized in that, the described element that dumps is suitable for increasing the wind turbine generator moment of torsion above the wind turbine rotor moment of torsion, thereby reduce wind turbine rotor speed up to it near or reach aerodynamic stalling, and when wind turbine rotor speed is lower than " dump and stop " spinner velocity of a certain regulation, generator torque is released, and described " dumping beginning " and " dump and stop " spinner velocity are confirmed as being output into ratio with power.
35, according to arbitrary described wind turbine system in the claim 24 to 34, it is characterized in that wind turbine system is provided with control gear, be suitable for controlling the energy level that obtains from wind turbine.
36, wind turbine system according to claim 35 is characterized in that, described control system is suitable for increasing slightly or reducing with respect to overall power output the power output of wind turbine.
According to arbitrary described wind turbine system in the claim 24 to 36, it is characterized in that 37, described system comprises according to arbitrary described wind turbine in the claim 1 to 23.
38, according to arbitrary described wind turbine system in the claim 24 to 37, it is characterized in that, power output is connected to a heating system, and this heating system also comprises another fluid storage container, one or morely is suitable for heating the electrical heating elements of described another liquid in containers and is suitable for controlling the control gear of described generator to the power supply of described one or more electrical heating elements.
According to the described wind turbine system of claim 37, it is characterized in that 38, described another fluid storage container is that hot-water cylinder and liquid are water.
39, according to the described wind turbine system of claim 38, it is characterized in that, described heating system comprises a plurality of electrical heating elements, and described control gear is suitable for supplying electric energy to a certain proportion of electrical heating elements, and this ratio depends on the instantaneous electric energy that generator produces.
According to the described wind turbine system of claim 39, it is characterized in that 40, the heating element in described another liquid-container is opened wide around, the lower end of described pipe by a pipe ring and is suitable for allowing water to flow to heating element below described pipe.
41, according to the described wind turbine system of claim 40, it is characterized in that, described pipe ring around and extend across the total length of heating element, thereby water near heating element will be heated and upwards flow because of natural convection, described pipe is suitable for forming difference and hot-zone independently in described another fluid storage container.
According to arbitrary described wind turbine system in the claim 24 to 41, it is characterized in that 42, power output is connected to the changer of an electrical network connection or isolated changer.
According to the described wind turbine system of claim 42, it is characterized in that 43, described changer is suitable for supplying electric energy to the place or the grid power facility.
According to arbitrary described wind turbine system in the claim 24 to 43, it is characterized in that 44, power output is connected to an energy-storage system.
45, a kind of control comprises the following steps of being taked by control gear from the method for the energy level of wind turbine acquisition:
(a) increase or reduce the power output of wind turbine on a small quantity;
(b) level that power is exported is set temporarily;
(c) after the preset time section, spinner velocity is carried out a plurality of measurements;
(d), promptly be respectively the variance ratio of speed, acceleration/deceleration and acceleration/deceleration to the described increase of power output or reduce to calculate first, second and the 3rd rank value;
(e) regulate the energy that obtains from wind turbine corresponding to result of calculation.
According to the described method of claim 45, it is characterized in that 46, the logic below described control gear uses is determined to regulate:
(a) if: the increment rate (three positive rank respond) that has the described acceleration of positive second order spinner velocity response (acceleration) and spinner velocity; So: control gear causes power output to increase; Perhaps
(b) if: the reduced rate (three negative rank respond) that has the described acceleration of positive second order spinner velocity response (acceleration) and spinner velocity; So: control gear causes power output to increase or does not change as selecting; Perhaps
(c) if: the increment rate (three positive rank respond) that has the described acceleration of negative second order spinner velocity response (retardation) and spinner velocity; So: control gear causes power output to reduce; Perhaps
(d) if: the reduced rate (three negative rank respond) that has the described retardation of negative second order spinner velocity response (retardation) and spinner velocity; So: control gear causes power output to increase or does not change as selecting.
47, according to claim 45 or 46 described methods, it is characterized in that, described control gear repeats above-mentioned institute in steps with continuous adjusting power output, and to guarantee the always maximum available energy to wind turbine of power output, this depends on the local wind speed at rotor plane place.
48,, comprise the device that is used to reduce the operational shock that causes by the resonance of the simple harmonic quantity in wind turbine, tower and the mounting structure according to arbitrary described wind turbine in the claim 13 to 23.
According to the described wind turbine of claim 48, it is characterized in that 49, wind turbine is provided with the cabin damped system, be suitable for making vibration and tower to small part in generator and the wind turbine to separate.
50, according to claim 48 or 49 described wind turbines, it is characterized in that wind turbine is provided with the mounting bracket that is used for installing from the teeth outwards wind turbine, described support has the sandwich structure that is formed by viscoelastic material and structural material.
According to arbitrary described wind turbine in the claim 48 to 50, it is characterized in that 51, described erecting device is tubular.
52, according to the described wind turbine of claim 50, it is characterized in that, described tower comprises one or more by flexible material, the core of making as rubber, described core has some and has the diameter reduction and the part of the inner radial surface of contact tower not, make these parts replace, be used for thus before arriving mounting bracket, being dissipated in flexible core and the vibration on absorption tower at energy with part with the inner surface of normal size and contact tower with diameter reduction.
53, according to the described wind turbine of claim 52, it is characterized in that, described rubber core be adapted to pass through the vibration frequency that absorbs certain limit and the resonant frequency of control system outside the wind turbine driven frequency.
According to the described wind turbine of claim 53, it is characterized in that 54, the shape of cross section and the length of each described diameter reduction part change, adjust system is so that remove the vibration frequency of certain limit from mounting structure thus.
According to arbitrary described wind turbine in the claim 48 to 54, it is characterized in that 55, described interlayer mounting bracket has benefited from the design of erecting device core and suppresses vibration from the cabin.
According to the described wind turbine of claim 55, it is characterized in that 56, generator is supported by the lining that is designed to eliminate vibration frequency in the cabin.
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