CN1787521B - Coordinate Registration Method of Web Overlay Service Based on Web Map Service - Google Patents
Coordinate Registration Method of Web Overlay Service Based on Web Map Service Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及网络地理信息服务系统，具体涉及地理信息Web服务技术交叉领域，特别是实现不同协议的地理信息服务间的共享与集成的方法。The invention relates to a network geographic information service system, in particular to the interdisciplinary field of geographic information Web service technology, in particular to a method for realizing sharing and integration between geographic information services of different protocols.
背景技术Background technique
可以预见，随着地理信息服务的发展，如何实现不同协议的地理信息服务间的共享与集成将成为地理信息领域迫切需要解决的问题。It can be predicted that with the development of geographic information services, how to realize the sharing and integration of geographic information services of different protocols will become an urgent problem in the field of geographic information.
目前，OGC Web服务工作小组正致力于建立开放地理信息的Web服务标准，目的是希望提出一个可进化、基于各种标准的、能够无缝集成各种在线空间处理和位置服务的框架，即OWS(OGC Web Services)，使得分布式空间处理系统能够通过XML和HTTP技术进行交互，并为各种在线空间数据资源、来自传感器的空间信息处理服务和位置服务、基于Web的发现、访问、整合、分析、利用和可视化提供互操作框架。其提出的三个地理信息服务Web地图服务(WMS)、Web要素服务(WFS)、Web覆盖服务(WCS)的接口定义比较成熟，可以实现Web环境下GIS空间数据的共享。Web地图服务利用具有地理空间位置信息的数据生成地图。Web要素服务返回地理要素级的GML编码，并提供对地理要素的增加、更新、删除等事务操作。Web覆盖服务能提供多尺度、不同时间段的覆盖数据。Currently, the OGC Web Service Working Group is working on establishing a Web service standard for open geographic information, with the aim of proposing an evolvable, standards-based framework that can seamlessly integrate various online spatial processing and location services, that is, OWS. (OGC Web Services), enabling distributed spatial processing systems to interact through XML and HTTP technologies, and providing services for various online spatial data resources, spatial information processing services from sensors and location services, Web-based discovery, access, integration, Analytics, Exploitation, and Visualization provide an interoperable framework. The interface definitions of the three geographic information services Web Map Service (WMS), Web Feature Service (WFS), and Web Coverage Service (WCS) proposed by it are relatively mature, which can realize the sharing of GIS spatial data in the Web environment. Web map services generate maps from data with geospatial location information. The Web feature service returns the GML code of the geographic feature level, and provides transaction operations such as adding, updating, and deleting geographic features. Web coverage service can provide multi-scale and coverage data of different time periods.
当前国内外许多GIS软件厂商纷纷在其产品中提供对WMS的支持，用户可以方便地建立各种Web地图服务，例如MapXtreme4.5.7把地图定义文件中管理的图层作为资源可以发布为WMS，ArcIMS9.0通过WMSConnector连接器可以把ImageServer发布为WMS服务、通过WFSConnector连接器可以把FeatureServer发布为WFS服务，但缺少多个产商之间的服务协作集成的客户端，并且对WFS和WCS服务的支持力度不够，这是因为这三者的集成还存在一些技术问题，主要表现在：还没有统一的服务抽象规范；没有统一的接口实现；不同服务在叠加时，缺乏有效的坐标转换机制；缺乏有效的数据压缩机制，服务的效率较为低下；不同厂商数据服务的表现机制千差万别。At present, many GIS software manufacturers at home and abroad provide support for WMS in their products. Users can easily create various Web map services. For example, MapXtreme4. .0 ImageServer can be published as a WMS service through the WMSConnector connector, and FeatureServer can be published as a WFS service through the WFSConnector connector, but there is a lack of service collaboration and integration clients between multiple manufacturers, and support for WFS and WCS services The strength is not enough, because there are still some technical problems in the integration of the three, mainly in: there is no unified service abstract specification; there is no unified interface implementation; when different services are superimposed, there is no effective coordinate conversion mechanism; there is no effective The data compression mechanism is relatively low, and the service efficiency is relatively low; the performance mechanism of data services of different manufacturers varies widely.
服务集成的解决方案有基于服务器端的集成和基于客户端的集成两种方式，基于服务器端的集成由于涉及到服务的智能查找、服务的自动调用、结果的自动合并和服务器端可视化表现等一系列尚未解决的难题，目前基于客户端的集成研究的比较多，但大多数均为基于桌面应用的集成。对于基于Web浏览器客户端的服务集成，尚没有成熟的报道。There are two ways of service integration solutions: server-side integration and client-side integration. Server-side integration involves a series of intelligent search of services, automatic invocation of services, automatic merging of results, and server-side visualization. At present, there are many researches on client-based integration, but most of them are based on desktop application integration. For service integration based on Web browser client, there is no mature report.
目前，多协议地理信息服务的集成技术还很不成熟，主要原因包括：在各种地理信息服务没有共同的参考坐标系的情况下，无法将不同参考系下的WFS服务数据、WCS服务数据、WMS服务数据等转化到相同的参考坐标系下，因此，如何将不同空间参考坐标系的服务数据转化到相同的空间参考坐标系，并且考虑到坐标转换的效率与精度，是多协议地理信息服务集成的关键技术之一。At present, the integration technology of multi-protocol geographic information services is still immature. The main reasons include: when various geographic information services do not have a common reference coordinate system, it is impossible to integrate WFS service data, WCS service data, WMS service data etc. are transformed into the same reference coordinate system. Therefore, how to transform service data of different spatial reference coordinate systems into the same spatial reference coordinate system, and considering the efficiency and accuracy of coordinate transformation, is a multi-protocol geographic information service. One of the key technologies of integration.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种基于Web地图服务的Web覆盖服务坐标配准方法，该方法以WMS服务端支持的参考坐标系为基准，将不同参考系下的WCS服务数据转换到与WMS服务数据的相同的参考坐标系下，为实现在Web浏览器上集成来自于不同站点、不同厂商、不同服务、不同数据源、不同空间参考系的多协议地理信息服务创造条件。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for coordinate registration of Web coverage services based on Web map services. The method takes the reference coordinate system supported by the WMS server as a benchmark, and converts WCS service data under different reference systems into Under the same reference coordinate system as WMS service data, it creates conditions for the integration of multi-protocol geographic information services from different sites, different manufacturers, different services, different data sources, and different spatial reference systems on the Web browser.
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the problems of the technologies described above is:
基于Web地图服务的Web覆盖服务坐标配准方法，它包括：A coordinate registration method for a Web coverage service based on a Web map service, which includes:
(1)用于将Web地图服务的空间参考的值作为源坐标系参数存储在存储器中的步骤；(1) a step for storing in memory the value of the spatial reference of the Web map service as a source coordinate system parameter;
(2)用于将从Web覆盖服务的能力描述中获取的空间参考的值作为目标坐标系参数存储在存储器中的步骤；(2) a step for storing the value of the spatial reference obtained from the capability description of the Web overlay service as a parameter of the target coordinate system in the memory;
(3)用三参数法或七参法对目标坐标系参数和源坐标系参数进行参数解算，输出坐标的改正值；(3) Use the three-parameter method or the seven-parameter method to perform parameter calculation on the parameters of the target coordinate system and the parameters of the source coordinate system, and output the correction value of the coordinates;
(4)用于从Web覆盖服务获取的连续覆盖数据中，取出控制点坐标值作为输入，在加上坐标的改正值后，得到控制点的新坐标值并存储在存储器中的步骤；(4) for taking out the control point coordinate value as input from the continuous coverage data obtained from the Web coverage service, after adding the correction value of the coordinate, obtaining the new coordinate value of the control point and storing it in the memory;
(5)根据连续覆盖的计算模型函数和控制点对数据进行重采样处理，输出新的连续覆盖数据。(5) Perform resampling processing on the data according to the calculation model function and control points of continuous coverage, and output new continuous coverage data.
空间参考的值包括：投影名称、投影参数的个数、投影参数的名称和投影参数的值。The value of the spatial reference includes: the name of the projection, the number of projection parameters, the names of the projection parameters, and the values of the projection parameters.
上述方案中，在步骤(2)和步骤(3)之间还包括：In the above-mentioned scheme, also include between step (2) and step (3):
用于对目标坐标系参数和源坐标系参数进行比较的步骤，该步骤可对以下动作进行选择：A step for comparing the parameters of the target coordinate system with the parameters of the source coordinate system. This step can choose the following actions:
目标坐标系参数和源坐标系参数匹配，结束下面的步骤；The parameters of the target coordinate system match the parameters of the source coordinate system, and end the following steps;
或目标坐标系参数和源坐标系参数不匹配，执行步骤(3)。Or the parameters of the target coordinate system do not match the parameters of the source coordinate system, go to step (3).
因为WMS的GetMap请求返回的是指定了参考坐标系JPEG、PNG、GIF等格式的图片，不能进行坐标系转换；而WCS的GetCoverage返回的覆盖数据都具有参考坐标系信息，可以进行坐标系转换，消除参考坐标系间的差异，实现地理数据的无缝集成。在各种地理信息服务没有共同的参考坐标系的情况下，我们以WMS服务端支持的参考坐标系为基准，将不同参考系下的WCS服务数据转换到与WMS服务数据的相同的参考坐标系下，WCS服务数据经过对控制点的坐标值进行变换以及对数据进行重采样处理。Because the GetMap request of WMS returns images in formats such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF that specify the reference coordinate system, and coordinate system conversion cannot be performed; while the coverage data returned by GetCoverage of WCS has information about the reference coordinate system, and coordinate system conversion can be performed. Eliminate differences between reference coordinate systems and enable seamless integration of geographic data. In the case that various geographic information services do not have a common reference coordinate system, we use the reference coordinate system supported by the WMS server as the benchmark, and convert the WCS service data under different reference systems to the same reference coordinate system as the WMS service data Next, the WCS service data is processed by transforming the coordinates of the control points and resampling the data.
根据OGC开放地理信息服务的接口，本发明提出基于WMS的空间参考的配准方法，采用连续点的坐标变换模式，以WMS服务端支持的参考坐标系为基准，将不同参考系下的WCS服务数据转换到与WMS服务数据的相同的参考坐标系下，将从不同协议的地理信息服务获取的地理数据纳入统一的参考框架，为实现在Web浏览器上集成来自于不同站点、不同厂商、不同服务、不同数据源、不同空间参考系的多协议地理信息服务创造条件。According to the interface of the OGC open geographic information service, the present invention proposes a registration method based on WMS spatial reference, adopts the coordinate transformation mode of continuous points, and takes the reference coordinate system supported by the WMS server as the benchmark, and integrates WCS services under different reference systems. The data is converted to the same reference coordinate system as the WMS service data, and the geographic data obtained from geographic information services of different protocols are incorporated into a unified reference frame. In order to realize the integration of data from different sites, different manufacturers, and different Services, different data sources, and multi-protocol geographic information services of different spatial reference systems create conditions.
本发明方法的优点还包括：The advantage of the inventive method also comprises:
(1)通过采用WMS的空间参考、坐标变换和连续点的解算，实现了WCS的地理覆盖数据的配准；(1) By using WMS spatial reference, coordinate transformation and continuous point calculation, the registration of geographic coverage data of WCS is realized;
(2)可实现不同地理空间参考的变换参数解算和实时坐标转换；(2) It can realize transformation parameter calculation and real-time coordinate conversion of different geographic spatial references;
(3)本发明方法简单、执行效率高。(3) The method of the present invention is simple and has high execution efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为Web覆盖服务基于WMS的空间参考配准流程图Figure 1 is a flow chart of WMS-based spatial reference registration for Web coverage services
图2多协议地理信息服务数据模型图Figure 2 Data model diagram of multi-protocol geographic information service
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示的本发明方法实施例，基于Web地图服务的Web覆盖服务坐标配准方法，其特征在于：它包括：The method embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, the coordinate registration method of the Web coverage service based on the Web map service, is characterized in that: it comprises:
(1)用于将WMS的空间参考的值作为源坐标系参数存储在存储器中的步骤。(1) A step for storing the value of the spatial reference of the WMS as a source coordinate system parameter in memory.
(2)用于将从WCS的能力描述中获取的空间参考的值作为目标坐标系参数存储在存储器中的步骤。(2) A step for storing the value of the spatial reference obtained from the capability description of the WCS in the memory as the parameter of the target coordinate system.
用于对目标坐标系参数和源坐标系参数进行比较的步骤，该步骤可对以下动作进行选择：A step for comparing the parameters of the target coordinate system with the parameters of the source coordinate system. This step can choose the following actions:
目标坐标系参数和源坐标系参数匹配，结束下面的步骤；The parameters of the target coordinate system match the parameters of the source coordinate system, and end the following steps;
或目标坐标系参数和源坐标系参数不匹配，执行步骤(3)。Or the parameters of the target coordinate system do not match the parameters of the source coordinate system, go to step (3).
(3)用三参数法或七参法对目标坐标系参数和源坐标系参数进行参数解算，输出坐标x、y、z的改正值dx、dy和dz。(3) Use the three-parameter method or the seven-parameter method to calculate the parameters of the target coordinate system and the source coordinate system, and output the correction values dx, dy and dz of the coordinates x, y, and z.
(4)用于从Web覆盖服务获取的连续覆盖数据中，取出控制点坐标值x、y、z作为输入，在加上坐标的改正值dx、dy和dz后，得到控制点的新坐标值x’＝x+dx、y’＝y+dy、z’＝z+dz并存储在存储器中的步骤；(4) It is used to take out the coordinate values x, y, and z of the control points from the continuous coverage data obtained from the Web coverage service as input, and obtain the new coordinate values of the control points after adding the correction values dx, dy, and dz of the coordinates x'=x+dx, y'=y+dy, z'=z+dz and stored in the memory;
(5)根据连续覆盖的计算模型函数和控制点对数据进行重采样处理，输出新的连续覆盖数据。(5) Perform resampling processing on the data according to the calculation model function and control points of continuous coverage, and output new continuous coverage data.
空间参考的值包括：投影名称、投影参数的个数、投影参数的名称和投影参数的值。The value of the spatial reference includes: the name of the projection, the number of projection parameters, the names of the projection parameters, and the values of the projection parameters.
本实施例可通过专门的硬件卡实现。This embodiment can be realized by a special hardware card.
通过GetCapabilties方法从服务端获得地理信息服务的描述信息，目的是从描述信息中提取中对服务所提供了哪些图层，各图层的范围框、坐标参考系信息以及服务支持的响应格式等。WMSBean的GetObject方法根据用户选择发送GetMap请求到WMS服务端，得到一个指定范围框、坐标参考系、格式、背景色和透明度等信息的栅格图片。WCSBean的GetObject方法发送所需的要素类型的DescribeCoverage请求，服务端返回覆盖数据的详细的XML文档，主要描述了覆盖数据的参考坐标系、格网结构、时间段、复合观测和支持的响应格式，然后发送GetCoverage请求得到指定范围框、参考坐标系、时间、复合观测和格式的覆盖数据。Obtain the description information of the geographic information service from the server through the GetCapabilties method. The purpose is to extract from the description information which layers are provided by the service, the range box of each layer, coordinate reference system information, and the response format supported by the service. The GetObject method of WMSBean sends a GetMap request to the WMS server according to the user's selection, and obtains a raster image with information such as a specified range frame, coordinate reference system, format, background color, and transparency. The GetObject method of WCSBean sends the DescribeCoverage request of the required feature type, and the server returns a detailed XML document of the coverage data, which mainly describes the reference coordinate system, grid structure, time period, compound observation and supported response format of the coverage data. Then send a GetCoverage request to get the coverage data of the specified bounding box, reference coordinate system, time, compound observation and format.
通过本发明方法的坐标配准后，可把从WMS、WCS服务获得的数据作为具体的GeoSurfBaseRaster图层(WMSLayer和WCSLayer)统一操作。数据模型如图2所示，分别从抽象图层AbstractLayer中继承过来，在MapBean中建立一个向量结构对抽象图层集合中进行统一的管理。每一个AbstractLayer中包含一个Service接口的实现(如WMSBean)，用来作为数据提供者使用，通过Service接口的GetObject的方法获取数据。从而在MapBean中生成了一幅含有矢量、影像和DEM图层的地图，并对各种数据进行绘制实现在客户端的显示。After coordinate registration by the method of the present invention, the data obtained from WMS and WCS services can be used as specific GeoSurfBaseRaster layers (WMSLayer and WCSLayer) for unified operation. As shown in Figure 2, the data model is inherited from the abstract layer AbstractLayer respectively, and a vector structure is established in MapBean to manage the abstract layer collection uniformly. Each AbstractLayer contains an implementation of the Service interface (such as WMSBean), which is used as a data provider and obtains data through the GetObject method of the Service interface. Therefore, a map containing vector, image and DEM layers is generated in MapBean, and various data are drawn for display on the client.
在对WMS、WCS服务获得的具体图层进行进行放大、缩小、漫游操作时通过各图层的Service接口的实现类发送GetObject请求，改变请求数据的范围框，得到新的数据，再将数据在MapBean中纳入统一的参考框架集成显示。When performing zoom-in, zoom-out, and roaming operations on the specific layers obtained by WMS and WCS services, the GetObject request is sent through the implementation class of the Service interface of each layer, and the range box of the requested data is changed to obtain new data. MapBean incorporates a unified reference frame for integrated display.
对WMS服务的栅格图层进行点查询操作是通过向服务端发送GetFeatureInfo请求实现的，在请求中指定要查询的层名、用像素表达的要素的X、Y坐标和返回的要素个数，服务端返回的是查询到的要素的属性名和属性值的GML文档。我们对GetFeatureInfo响应进行解析生成相应的要素集结构GeoSurfFeatureCollection，建立了要素的属性名值对的对应关系，实现了WMS服务数据的点查询功能。The point query operation on the raster layer of the WMS service is realized by sending a GetFeatureInfo request to the server. In the request, specify the layer name to be queried, the X and Y coordinates of the elements expressed in pixels, and the number of returned features. What the server returns is the GML document of the attribute name and attribute value of the queried elements. We parse the GetFeatureInfo response to generate the corresponding feature set structure GeoSurfFeatureCollection, establish the corresponding relationship between the attribute name and value pairs of the feature, and realize the point query function of WMS service data.
可从不同WCS可以获取各种不同传感器、空间分辨率、时间分辨率和光谱分辨率的覆盖数据，并采用WCSLayer进行表达。实现对多源覆盖数据的融合，获得改善了的新信息，将大大增强异构数据的共享和挖掘功能，满足用户的各种需求。在实现时，可在客户端对多波段遥感数据的融合是在对影像严格配准下，直接使用来自不同服务的多波段数据进行像素与像素关联的融合，采用假彩色处理，改善了目视的效果。Coverage data of various sensors, spatial resolutions, time resolutions and spectral resolutions can be obtained from different WCSs, and expressed using WCSLayer. Realizing the integration of multi-source coverage data and obtaining improved new information will greatly enhance the sharing and mining functions of heterogeneous data and meet the various needs of users. When it is realized, the fusion of multi-band remote sensing data can be performed on the client side under the strict registration of images, directly using multi-band data from different services for pixel-to-pixel correlation fusion, and using false color processing to improve visual perception Effect.
对从服务端返回的DEM数据经可视化处理，同时根据用户需要和服务端互交，实时更新DEM数据。客户端在飞行的时候，并不是一次性将所有数据导入三维模型中显示，这样会在数据量大的时候会导致客户端漫游极为阻塞，这里使用了CLOD算法，根据视点和地形块的距离和视角的范围，部分的渲染可视的地形，当视点超出规定范围后，再从服务端请求下一批数据块，通过这种方式，客户端漫游三维地形会变得很流畅。为了加快系统响应速度，在模块中都使用了缓存，这些缓存可以根据需要设置其大小，同时用户也可以通过方法来取消某些缓存。Visualize the DEM data returned from the server, and interact with the server according to user needs to update the DEM data in real time. When the client is flying, it does not import all the data into the 3D model for display at one time. This will cause the client to roam extremely blocked when the amount of data is large. Here, the CLOD algorithm is used. According to the distance between the viewpoint and the terrain block and the The range of the viewing angle is to render part of the visible terrain. When the viewing point exceeds the specified range, the next batch of data blocks will be requested from the server. In this way, the client's roaming of the 3D terrain will become very smooth. In order to speed up system response, caches are used in modules, and the size of these caches can be set according to needs, and users can also cancel some caches through methods.
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