CN111274337B - Two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated GIS system based on live-action three-dimension - Google Patents
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated GIS system based on live-action three-dimension Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a real-scene three-dimensional-based two-three-dimensional integrated GIS system which comprises a data layer, a service layer and an application layer, wherein the data layer comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data storage module, the data acquisition module comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique image, a digital line drawing, a three-dimensional model, topographic data, high-grade data, attribute data and service data, the service layer comprises a map rendering module and a map service publishing module, and the application layer comprises a two-three-dimensional space measuring module, a two-three-dimensional integrated display module, a POI searching module, a sight analysis module, a dynamic visual field analysis module, a two-three-dimensional map plotting module, a two-three-dimensional path planning module, a two-three-dimensional trajectory data analysis module and a two-three-dimensional model real-time monitoring module. The invention integrates the space analysis capability of the two-dimensional geographic information system and the display capability of the three-dimensional geographic information system, and realizes the two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated linkage of the map data of the GIS frame.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of information display and processing, and particularly relates to a two-three-dimensional integrated GIS system based on live-action three-dimension.
Background
The three-dimensional GIS can be rapidly expanded to the fields of city construction, military simulation, public security fire protection, intelligent traffic and the like by using the unique visual and visual effect. However, since the two-dimensional GIS are more abstract, macroscopic, comprehensive and easy to spatially analyze, and have been widely applied to various industries of society, and many units have already built relatively perfect two-dimensional geographic information and information management systems, the three-dimensional GIS, although having the advantages that the two-dimensional GIS are incomparable, cannot completely replace the two-dimensional GIS for a long time. How to utilize two-dimensional resources to the maximum extent, so that the two-dimensional GIS and the three-dimensional GIS are integrated and linked, and the advantages of the two GIS and the three-dimensional GIS are complementary under the same frame system is the key for solving the problems. The problem to be solved urgently in an application system is how to fuse satellite image data, topographic data, high-score data, oblique photogrammetry data, three-dimensional model data, two-dimensional interest point data and road network data to construct a live-action three-dimensional scene for a user to browse a map, roam the map and analyze the space.
Some commercial GIS platforms are available on the market today to provide three-dimensional engines, which represent manufacturers such as Skyline, Esri, hypergraph, etc., and users can perform secondary development based on these three-dimensional engines, but mainly have the following disadvantages: firstly, commercial GIS software is relatively expensive, and the platform of the system is large, which is not conducive to rapid deployment and rapid development; secondly, commercial GIS software is not agile in updating iteration due to the bottom layer architecture design, so that the development period is long; commercial GIS software encapsulation is stronger, in the extension of expanding functional module, is difficult to customize the extension. In addition, some commercial three-dimensional GIS products still adopt a browser plug-in mode to load and display three-dimensional scenes, and cannot well utilize the webGL technology, which causes inconvenience for users to use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a two-three-dimensional integrated GIS system based on live-action three-dimension.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a two-three-dimensional integrated GIS system based on live-action three-dimension comprises a data layer, a service layer and an application layer, wherein the data layer comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data storage module;
the data acquisition module comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique image, a digital line drawing, a three-dimensional model, topographic data, high-grade data, attribute data and service data, and the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique image can acquire map data through an oblique photogrammetric lens carried by the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle; the digital line drawing is used for publishing and subsequent spatial analysis of the spatial network analysis map service; the three-dimensional model is used for constructing a real-time animation model; the high-score data and terrain data are used for constructing a three-dimensional terrain map with ground relief; the attribute data is a basic information source of the POI searching function; the service data comprises received positioning data for analyzing track data;
the data processing module can generate DEM topographic data by utilizing a stereopair in the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique image, completes image correction by combining image data and generates a DOM orthoimage; the data processing module can receive the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique image data of the data acquisition module, perform data preprocessing, generate a three-dimensional model and complete oblique photography measurement data construction;
The data storage module comprises an attribute database and a spatial database, the spatial database is used for storing a three-dimensional model, a two-dimensional vector, a terrain and an image, the attribute database is used for storing attribute information corresponding to digital line drawing data, and the attribute information comprises information such as addresses of point locations and model classification;
the service layer comprises a map rendering module and a map service publishing module, wherein the map rendering module is used for processing data of the spatial database and the attribute database, completing symbolization of a map to generate a standard map working space and transmitting the standard map working space to the map service publishing module to complete publishing of the map service;
the map rendering module comprises a vector map symbolization module, an image map caching module, a topographic map caching module and a three-dimensional map scene module, and the vector map symbolization module renders a two-dimensional vector map in a symbolized mode; the image caching module preprocesses image data in a caching mode; the topographic map caching module preprocesses topographic data in a caching mode, the three-dimensional map scene module generates a three-dimensional topographic map by superposing DEM topographic data and DOM orthoimage data, and an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry model is superposed to construct a real-scene true three-dimensional map scene;
The map service release module comprises a network map tile service release module, a network map service release module, a network geographic element service release module and a three-dimensional map scene release module;
the application layer comprises two three-dimensional space measuring modules, two three-dimensional integrated display modules, a POI searching module, a full-view analysis module, a dynamic visual field analysis module, two three-dimensional map plotting modules, two three-dimensional path planning modules, two three-dimensional trajectory data analysis modules and two three-dimensional model real-time monitoring modules;
the two three-dimensional space measurement modules can realize measurement of distance and area by picking up a two-dimensional map, and realize measurement of distance to ground, area, space distance and space area by using a three-dimensional topographic map in a Scene and combining a ground attaching mode and a space mode of Scene in Cesium.js; the two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated display module can realize the loading of two-dimensional map service and three-dimensional scene service by calling two-dimensional and three-dimensional map service of a unified coordinate system, and realize the effect of two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated display; the POI searching module can display on a two-dimensional map by utilizing a two-dimensional space query function, and can visually display the symbolized icons in a three-dimensional manner on a three-dimensional platform, so that the rapid construction of a three-dimensional scene of a POI result is realized; the perspective analysis module and the dynamic visual field analysis module can perform perspective analysis of different point positions by using the elevation information of a scene and a three-dimensional scene model and the elevation information of a picked point, perform dynamic analysis on a visual field result by using a picked central point and a selected range, and perform vector data generation on a two-dimensional graph of the result to guide command decision; the two-dimensional map plotting module can plot by selecting point, line and surface elements on a two-dimensional platform, and can display corresponding plotted data in a ground-attaching mode in a linkage manner on a corresponding three-dimensional platform; the two-three-dimensional path planning module, the two-three-dimensional trajectory data analysis module and the two-three-dimensional model real-time monitoring module can query results by adopting a space analysis function of the two-dimensional GIS and display the results in a three-dimensional map scene.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, two-dimensional and three-dimensional map data are combined and displayed under a coordinate system from a data bottom layer, so that interoperation and data synchronization are realized, the map is displayed in a real-time linkage manner, the two-dimensional and three-dimensional unified management is realized through the design of the system from the bottom layer, the three-dimensional GIS not only has a vivid visualization effect, but also continues the powerful GIS functions of storing, managing, inquiring and analyzing spatial objects of the two-dimensional GIS, the spatial analysis capability of the two-dimensional geographic information system and the display capability of the three-dimensional geographic information system are integrated, and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated linkage of the map data of a GIS frame is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a composition diagram of a two-three-dimensional integrated GIS system framework based on live-action three-dimension.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of adding a real-time animated model to a three-dimensional scene.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following detailed description of implementations of the invention refers to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated GIS system based on live-action three-dimension provided by the invention is based on a three-layer architecture of a data layer, a service layer and an application layer. The three-dimensional model, the two-dimensional vector, the terrain and the image are stored in a completely unified database from a data bottom layer, so that the functions of complex SQL query, statistical analysis and the like are provided, and data management is performed; rendering and drawing the two-dimensional map data by utilizing a service layer, issuing map service according to a protocol based on an OGC standard, superposing a video image and a topographic map service, and realizing the construction of a three-dimensional scene by combining the three-dimensional map service of an oblique photography measurement data model; in the application layer, two-dimensional vector data is visually displayed in a three-dimensional mode through a symbolized or gltf format model, and an analysis result is displayed in a three-dimensional mode by utilizing a two-dimensional space analysis function, so that two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated display is realized.
(1) The data layer comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data storage module.
The data acquisition module acquires map data such as unmanned aerial vehicle oblique images, digital line drawings, three-dimensional models, terrain data, high-score data and the like through various data acquisition means, records attribute data and service data into the platform, transmits the data to the data storage module, and completes data storage of an attribute database and a spatial database. Meanwhile, the data acquisition module transmits the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique image needing data processing to the data processing module for data processing, the data processing module performs data preprocessing to generate a three-dimensional model to complete oblique photogrammetry data construction, DEM (digital elevation model) topographic data and DOM (digital orthographic image) orthographic images are generated through image processing, and the data are transmitted to the data storage module to complete map data storage.
The data acquisition module comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle inclined image, a digital line drawing, a three-dimensional model, topographic data, high-score data, attribute data and service data. The unmanned aerial vehicle oblique image of the data acquisition module is used for acquiring map data by carrying a lens of oblique photogrammetry through an unmanned aerial vehicle with multiple rotors; the digital line drawing is used for publishing the space network analysis map service and subsequent space analysis; the three-dimensional model is used for constructing a real-time animation model; the high-score data and the terrain data are used for constructing a three-dimensional terrain map with ground relief; the attribute data is a basic information source of the POI searching function; the service data contains the received positioning data for trajectory data analysis.
The data processing module generates high-precision DEM data and DOM data by using data processing software (such as smart3D), constructs real three-dimensional scene data preprocessing for real scene, performs space-three calculation of the data, generates a grid model of a three-dimensional model to complete three-dimensional modeling, and generates oblique photogrammetric data through texture mapping; and generating DEM topographic data by utilizing the stereopair in the oblique image of the unmanned aerial vehicle, finishing image correction by combining the image data, and generating a DOM orthoimage. And transmitting the oblique photogrammetry data, the DEM topographic data and the data result of the DOM orthoimage to a data storage module to finish data storage.
The data storage module comprises an attribute database and a spatial database. The spatial database stores the three-dimensional model, the two-dimensional vector, the terrain and the image into a completely unified database. The attribute database is used for storing attribute information corresponding to the digital line drawing data, and the attribute information comprises information such as addresses of point locations and model classification.
(2) The service layer comprises a map rendering module and a map service publishing module.
The map rendering module completes symbolic generation of a standard map working space of a map by processing data of the space database and the attribute database, and transmits the standard map working space to the map service publishing module through map service engine software (such as geoserver) to complete publishing of the map service.
The map rendering module comprises a vector map symbolization module, an image map caching module, a topographic map caching module and a three-dimensional map scene module. The vector map symbolization module renders a two-dimensional vector map in a symbolized mode, image data are preprocessed in a cache mode through image cache, topographic data are preprocessed in a cache mode through topographic map cache, loading efficiency is improved, the three-dimensional map scene module generates a three-dimensional topographic map through superposition of DEM data and DOM data, and an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry model is superposed to construct a real-scene true three-dimensional map scene.
The map service publishing module comprises a network map tile service publishing module, a network map service publishing module, a network geographic element service publishing module, a three-dimensional map scene publishing module and the like. The corresponding sub-modules correspond to the release of the corresponding types of map services, and the released map services provide support for the functional modules of the application layer.
(3) The application layer comprises two three-dimensional space measurement modules and other functional modules.
The application layer is integrated and developed on multiple layers based on a two-dimensional GIS (OpenLayers framework) and a three-dimensional system (center.js) with wide application, and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated WebGIS system is designed and realized, including the following modules, and the method for explaining and realizing the functional modules is realized below.
The two three-dimensional space measurement modules are used for measuring distance and area by picking up a two-dimensional map, and measuring the ground-attached distance, the area, the space distance and the space area by using a three-dimensional topographic map in a Scene and combining a ground-attached mode and a space mode of Scene in Cesium.
And the two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated display module loads the two-dimensional map service and the three-dimensional scene service by calling the two-dimensional and three-dimensional map service of the unified coordinate system, and realizes the effect of two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated display.
The POI searching module is used for displaying on the two-dimensional map by utilizing a two-dimensional space query function, correspondingly, the symbolized icons are visually displayed in a three-dimensional mode on the three-dimensional platform, and the rapid construction of a three-dimensional scene of a POI result is realized.
The perspective analysis module and the dynamic visual field analysis module perform perspective analysis of different point positions through the elevation information of the picked points by using the elevation information of the scene and the three-dimensional scene model, perform dynamic analysis on the visual field result by using the picked central point and the selected range, and perform vector data generation on the result on the two-dimensional graph to guide command decision.
The two three-dimensional map plotting modules can plot by selecting elements such as points, lines, surfaces and the like on the two-dimensional platform, and the corresponding three-dimensional platform displays the corresponding plotted data in a ground-attached mode in a linkage manner. The two-dimensional platform displays the corresponding data on the two-dimensional platform in a projection mode no matter in a space mode or a ground-attached mode.
The two-three-dimensional path planning module, the two-three-dimensional trajectory data analysis module, the two-three-dimensional model real-time monitoring module and the like all adopt a powerful space analysis function of a two-dimensional GIS to inquire results and display the results in a three-dimensional map scene.
The method for adding the real-time animation model into the three-dimensional scene is described below, the real-scene real three-dimensional oblique photogrammetry data is combined, the three-dimensional model in the data layer is introduced, the three-dimensional model data is processed, the animation model real-time simulation of the real-time data is completed, and the method is realized by adopting the two-three-dimensional integrated linkage expression framework. Js frame, and supports the model of gltf format suitable for network transmission, and the original animation model is mostly a three-dimensional model of max format. And packaging the generated gltf model by combining the time information of the position information, calling in an application layer, and finishing the dynamic display of the real-time animation model in the real-scene real three-dimensional scene.
The specific steps of conversion and implementation are shown in fig. 2:
(1) converting the tga format texture image of the three-dimensional model into a bitmap format in a data layer;
(2) converting the three-dimensional model in the max format into a readable model in the obj format at a data layer data acquisition module;
(3) converting the obj model into a three-dimensional model in an OpenColladadae format by using a plug-in tool in a data layer data processing module;
(4) in an application layer, converting the model in the dae format into a model in the gltf format by utilizing Cesium.js;
(5) And generating a czml file containing track information of time information by combining the real-time position information and the animation model in the gltf format, and calling the czml file in an application layer to fulfill the functional requirements of the real-time animation model in modules such as two-three-dimensional track data analysis, two-three-dimensional model real-time monitoring and the like.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (1)
1. A two-three-dimensional integrated GIS system based on live-action three-dimension is characterized by comprising a data layer, a service layer and an application layer, wherein the data layer comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data storage module;
the data acquisition module comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique image, a digital line drawing, a three-dimensional model, topographic data, high-score data, attribute data and service data, and the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique image can acquire map data through an oblique photogrammetric lens carried by a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle; the digital line graph is used for publishing and subsequent space analysis of space network analysis map service; the three-dimensional model is used for constructing a real-time animation model; the high-score data and terrain data are used for constructing a three-dimensional terrain map with ground relief; the attribute data is a basic information source of the POI searching function; the service data comprises received positioning data for analyzing track data;
The data processing module can utilize the stereopair in the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique image to generate DEM topographic data, image correction is completed by combining the image data, and a DOM orthoimage is generated; the data processing module can receive the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique image data of the data acquisition module and perform data preprocessing to generate a three-dimensional model to complete oblique photography measurement data construction;
the data storage module comprises an attribute database and a spatial database, the spatial database is used for storing a three-dimensional model, a two-dimensional vector, a terrain and an image, the attribute database is used for storing attribute information corresponding to digital line drawing data, and the attribute information comprises addresses of point locations and model classification information;
the service layer comprises a map rendering module and a map service publishing module, wherein the map rendering module is used for processing data of the spatial database and the attribute database, completing symbolization of a map to generate a standard map working space and transmitting the standard map working space to the map service publishing module to complete publishing of the map service;
the map rendering module comprises a vector map symbolization module, an image map caching module, a topographic map caching module and a three-dimensional map scene module, and the vector map symbolization module renders a two-dimensional vector map in a symbolized mode; the image caching module preprocesses the image data in a caching mode; the topographic map caching module preprocesses topographic data in a caching mode, the three-dimensional map scene module generates a three-dimensional topographic map by superposing DEM topographic data and DOM orthoimage data, and an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry model is superposed to construct a real-scene true three-dimensional map scene;
The map service release module comprises a network map tile service release module, a network map service release module, a network geographic element service release module and a three-dimensional map scene release module;
the application layer comprises two three-dimensional space measuring modules, two three-dimensional integrated display modules, a POI searching module, a full-view analysis module, a dynamic visual field analysis module, two three-dimensional map plotting modules, two three-dimensional path planning modules, two three-dimensional trajectory data analysis modules and two three-dimensional model real-time monitoring modules;
the two three-dimensional space measurement modules can realize measurement of distance and area by picking up a two-dimensional map, and realize measurement of distance to ground, area, space distance and space area by using a three-dimensional topographic map in a Scene and combining a ground attaching mode and a space mode of Scene in Cesium.js; the two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated display module can load two-dimensional map service and three-dimensional scene service by calling two-dimensional and three-dimensional map service of a unified coordinate system, and realize the effect of two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated display; the POI searching module can display on a two-dimensional map by utilizing a two-dimensional space query function, and can visually display the symbolized icons in a three-dimensional manner on a three-dimensional platform, so that the rapid construction of a three-dimensional scene of a POI result is realized; the perspective analysis module and the dynamic visual field analysis module can perform perspective analysis of different point positions by using the elevation information of a scene and a three-dimensional scene model and the elevation information of a picked point, perform dynamic analysis on a visual field result by using a picked central point and a selected range, and perform vector data generation on a two-dimensional graph of the result to guide command decision; the two-dimensional map plotting module can plot by selecting point, line and surface elements on a two-dimensional platform, and can display corresponding plotted data in a ground-attaching mode in a linkage manner on a corresponding three-dimensional platform; the two-three-dimensional path planning module, the two-three-dimensional trajectory data analysis module and the two-three-dimensional model real-time monitoring module can query results by adopting a space analysis function of the two-dimensional GIS and display the results in a three-dimensional map scene.
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