CN110874391B - Data fusion and display method based on urban space three-dimensional grid model - Google Patents
Data fusion and display method based on urban space three-dimensional grid model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data fusion and display method based on an urban space three-dimensional grid model, and the urban space three-dimensional grid model with low requirement on basic data and strong data relevance is constructed. The method comprises the following specific steps: and building vector diagrams corresponding to the outlines of the buildings are established, and vector units are divided to obtain a floor topological diagram. The floor topological diagrams of all levels of the same building form a three-dimensional stereo mesh model of the building. And forming and displaying an urban space three-dimensional grid model by the three-dimensional grid models of all buildings in the city. Each mesh volume in the three-dimensional mesh model is assigned a globally unique address code. And establishing a data association index large table by using the grid body and the corresponding global unique address code. Urban public basic data of each grid body are extracted from an urban public basic database, an urban public basic data index table is established, all tables are gathered and integrated, and an urban space three-dimensional grid model is associated, so that data fusion and display of urban data are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of information, in particular to a data fusion and display method based on a three-dimensional grid model of an urban space.
Background
With the acceleration of the urbanization and global economy integration process, cities are rapidly developed and face a plurality of problems in the aspect of sustainable development, the existing city management mode is limited, new technologies and measures are required to be searched, and digital city management is realized, so that the resource allocation is optimized, the management level is improved, and the service capability for people is improved.
The digital city management mode is to adopt new technologies such as big data, cloud computing, mobile internet and internet of things to realize the integrated management of city public basic data. In the process of digital city management, an important technical means is that a three-dimensional model of a city should be established.
The construction of the urban three-dimensional model is carried out by firstly considering the existing three-dimensional modeling technology, including the following four types
1. The CAD three-dimensional modeling technology uses CAD as a base map, a map is processed by taking pictures on site, and a building highly depends on existing data or estimation to construct a model frame. The CAD construction of the urban three-dimensional model is generally divided into the following steps:
creating a two-dimensional plan: drawing a two-dimensional plane graph as a basis for establishing a three-dimensional model under a two-dimensional mode in CAD software;
two-dimensional to three-dimensional: after the two-dimensional plane graph is drawn, converting the two-dimensional plane graph into a three-dimensional mode in CAD software, and starting to build a three-dimensional model;
building a three-dimensional model: switching visual angles under a three-dimensional mode in CAD software, and assigning three-dimensional space attributes to the model;
refining the three-dimensional model: after the three-dimensional model is built, adjusting the three-dimensional model in a full view angle state;
debugging before rendering: in the CAD software, returning to a two-dimensional state in three dimensions, and debugging before model rendering;
skin rendering of the CAD three-dimensional model: performing color rendering on the three-dimensional model in CAD software to complete simple three-dimensional modeling construction;
3Dmax three-dimensional model skin rendering: importing a CAD drawing in 3Dmax software, and rendering colors, skin texture, illumination and the like to complete high-precision three-dimensional modeling construction;
2. the laser point cloud modeling technology is used for acquiring the accurate position and contour of a ground object through laser point cloud and constructing a model frame. The construction of the urban three-dimensional model by the three-dimensional laser point cloud is generally divided into the following steps:
collecting point cloud data: the method comprises the following steps that point cloud data are collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle or a manned machine, and medium-high resolution is guaranteed;
point cloud data editing: using Cloudcompare software to carry out editing processing such as deleting redundant point cloud data, splicing point cloud and the like on the point cloud data;
curvature treatment: leading the processed point cloud into a geomagicstudios 12 for curvature processing, so that the computer runs smoothly;
point cloud data encapsulation: importing the processed point cloud into the GSTUIO12 for point cloud encapsulation, and exporting high-definition point cloud;
point cloud body repairing: leading the processed point cloud body into 3Dmax to repair the damaged part of the body, rendering the point cloud body into a picture, and completing high-precision three-dimensional modeling construction;
3. the oblique photography modeling technology is that a plurality of sensors are carried on the same flight platform, and images are collected from five different angles, namely one vertical angle, four oblique angles and the like, so that a three-dimensional frame is constructed.
The oblique photography construction of the urban three-dimensional model is generally divided into the following steps:
acquiring photographic data by aerial survey: unmanned aerial vehicle or man-machine gathers the high-resolution oblique photography data;
oblique photography data editing: adopting ContextCapture to repair texture garlanding, structural distortion, broken surfaces, missing surfaces, suspended matters, lost parts and the like, and completing the calculation of information such as camera sensor attributes, photo position and attitude parameters, control points and the like to complete the construction of an initial 3D model;
fine trimming of the inclined model: the model is refined and reconstructed through a DP-Modeller, so that the ground feature elements are complete, and high-precision three-dimensional modeling construction is completed;
and (3) oblique model assignment: the vector surface corresponding to the inclined model is cut to realize singleness, and the singleness selection, the local separation editing, the parameter attribute endowing, the query attribute adding, the data management setting, the updating and the combination are carried out to complete the high-precision three-dimensional modeling construction containing the attribute;
4. BIM modeling technology, namely building model building is carried out by taking various related information data of construction engineering project as model foundation to build real information of digital information simulation building
The building of the urban three-dimensional model by the BIM generally comprises the following steps:
creating a two-dimensional plan: setting a measuring body and defining floors, establishing a large building model, and drawing a two-dimensional plane graph in a two-dimensional mode in CAD software to be used as a basis for establishing a three-dimensional model;
initial model: after different building model views are established, after elements are refined each time in Revit software, the change is expanded to the whole project, information such as a section, a vertical face and a 3D view of a panoramic view state viewing model needs to be returned, and an initial model is completed;
building a three-dimensional model: three-dimensional building elements are imported into Revit software, and three-dimensional model construction is perfected through refined elements;
and (3) refining the model: after initial model configuration is established, more elements are added into a building model, including a structure (structure) and a system (MEP) component, so that a refined three-dimensional model is established;
summarizing the above four methods of constructing three-dimensional models, it has the following disadvantages
1) In the aspect of three-dimensional model construction, the cycle is long, the cost is high, the requirements on surveying and mapping and design data are high, and the urban space three-dimensional model is difficult to form quickly.
2) The requirement on basic data is high, and the difficulty in data acquisition is high.
3) The data association capability is weak, and spatial data association is not easy to perform.
The above four methods for constructing three-dimensional models are not suitable for building three-dimensional models of urban spatial data.
Therefore, a construction means of a three-dimensional model of urban spatial data with low requirements on basic data and strong data relevance is urgently needed at present, so that convenience is provided for data fusion of a digital city.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a data fusion and display method based on an urban space three-dimensional grid model, and the urban space three-dimensional grid model with low requirement on basic data and strong data correlation is constructed, so that convenience is provided for urban data fusion.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
and acquiring a remote sensing image map according to the place name address data of the building, and identifying the remote sensing image map to obtain a building vector map corresponding to the outline of the building.
And dividing the vector units of the building vector diagram according to the number of the users of each level to obtain a floor topological diagram.
The floor topological diagrams of all levels of the same building are jointly constructed into a three-dimensional mesh model of the building.
Forming an urban space three-dimensional grid model by using the three-dimensional grid models of all buildings in the city; and displaying the urban space three-dimensional grid model.
Each mesh body in the three-dimensional mesh model is given a globally unique address code.
And establishing a large data association index table in a one-to-one correspondence manner aiming at the vector units corresponding to each grid body and the corresponding global unique address codes in the urban space three-dimensional grid model.
And extracting the urban public basic data corresponding to each grid body from the urban public basic database, and matching the global unique address codes of the corresponding grid bodies to obtain an urban public basic data index table.
And converging and integrating the large data association index table and the city public basic data index table by using the global unique address code, and associating the large data association index table with the displayed city space three-dimensional grid model to realize data fusion and display of city data.
Furthermore, according to the place name address data of the building, a remote sensing image map is obtained, the remote sensing image map is subjected to identification and intelligent interpretation, and a building vector diagram corresponding to the outline of the building is obtained, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of extracting place name address data of a building from a city public basic database, matching longitude and latitude information of a central point of the building through the place name address data, further acquiring a remote sensing image map of the building, identifying a contour and a longitude and latitude range of the building based on the remote sensing image map, and establishing a building vector map by taking the trend of a doorplate arrangement mode as a direction.
Further, dividing vector units for the building vector diagram according to the number of users in each level to obtain a floor topological diagram, specifically comprising the following steps:
acquiring residence information of a building in a city public basic database; the home information includes attribute information of a building, the number of houses, the number of units, doorplate information, and hierarchy information.
And matching the building vector data and the residence information of the same building, and dividing the building vector data into vector units according to the number of the users to obtain a floor topological graph.
Further, dividing the vector unit of the building vector diagram according to the number of users of each level to obtain a floor topological diagram, and then, the method further comprises the following steps:
and in the floor topological graph, each vector unit is endowed with a user number, a belonging hierarchy and a place name address of a belonging building as vector unit information.
Further, a data association index big table is established in a one-to-one correspondence manner for the vector unit corresponding to each grid body and the corresponding global unique address code in the urban space three-dimensional grid model, and the data association index big table specifically comprises the following steps:
and establishing a data association index large table by corresponding vector unit information corresponding to each grid body and a corresponding global unique address code one to one in the urban space three-dimensional grid model, and taking the global unique address code as an index item.
Further, the urban public basic database comprises public basic data of each department in the city;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: city place name address data, city building special infrastructure data and city building business data.
Wherein the city place name address data comprises place name address data extracted from data with place name address information.
The data with location name address information includes house number data, real estate registration data, and map POI data of a building.
The city building specific infrastructure data includes electricity, fire, gas and water service data for the building.
The urban building business data comprises real estate, enterprises, population, video and event data in the building.
Further, dividing the building vector diagram into vector units according to the number of users in each level, specifically:
if the outline of the building corresponding to the building vector diagram is a regular graph, vector units are directly divided; if the outline of the building corresponding to the building vector diagram is an irregular graph, the outline of the building is regularized into a combination of regular graphs, and then vector units are divided.
The specific process of dividing the vector unit is as follows: and equally dividing the regular graph according to the number of units and the number of users to obtain vector units, wherein the direction of the vector units is consistent with the direction of the building vector diagram.
Further, each mesh body in the three-dimensional mesh model is given a global unique address code, specifically: and coding each grid body in the three-dimensional grid model by adopting GeoSOT grid codes or Beidou grid codes.
Has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a data fusion and display method based on an urban space three-dimensional grid model, which is characterized in that remote sensing image data are intelligently interpreted, a construction vector diagram of an urban building is identified, big data such as place name address data and the like are analyzed, a floor topological diagram and the three-dimensional grid model of the building are quickly constructed, and the universal, multi-scale, discretization and full coverage urban space three-dimensional grid model is formed. The global unique address code of the space grid body is matched with the vector unit of the grid to form a city space three-dimensional grid place name address code library, and mapping of grid space areas and place name address information is realized. The global unique address code of a grid body in a building is used as a basic framework of spatial big data, the spatial matching and aggregation of multi-source heterogeneous data are solved through unified global unique address codes, the space-time correlation integration of the urban big data is realized, a spatial data grid set is formed, and an urban spatial three-dimensional grid model associated with the urban public basic data is generated and displayed, so that the integration of the urban big data in different levels, different regions, different systems, different departments and different services is realized, and the support is provided for data services such as subsequent distribution, positioning, cooperative management, correlation analysis and the like and novel urban three-dimensional grid map services, and the urban big data governance and application services.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a data fusion and display method based on a spatial grid model of a city according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a building vector diagram corresponding to a building outline obtained in S1 in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating examples of residential information for city-based data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a specific vector unit partition diagram in S2 in the embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a vector unit partition case when the outline of the building is a regular graph, and (b) is a vector unit partition case when the outline of the building is an irregular graph;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an urban space three-dimensional grid model established according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a Beidou grid code used in the embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a large representation of the data association index established in S6 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an example of the fusion of the urban space three-dimensional grid model and data established in S8 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a data fusion and display method based on a city space three-dimensional grid model, the flow of which is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a remote sensing image map according to the place name address data of the building, and identifying the remote sensing image map to obtain a building vector map corresponding to the outline of the building.
The method comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining place name address data of a building from a city public basic database, matching longitude and latitude information of a central point of the building through the place name address data, further obtaining a remote sensing image map of the building, identifying the outline and the longitude and latitude range of the building based on the remote sensing image map, and establishing a building vector map by taking the trend of a doorplate arrangement mode as a direction. The building vector diagram established in the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 2.
And S2, dividing the vector units of the building vector diagram according to the number of units and the number of households of each level to obtain a floor topological diagram.
The method comprises the following steps: acquiring residence information of a building in a city public basic database; the home information includes attribute information of a building, house number, unit, doorplate information, and hierarchy information. The attribute information of the building may be an attribute that the building is a commercial or residential building. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of house information of city-based data.
And matching the building vector data and the residence information of the same building, and dividing the building vector data into vector units according to the number of units and the number of households to obtain a floor topological graph.
If the outline of the building corresponding to the building vector diagram is a regular graph, vector units are directly divided; and if the outline of the building corresponding to the building vector diagram is an irregular graph, processing the outline of the building into a combination of regular graphs in a regularization mode, and then dividing vector units.
The specific process of dividing the vector units is as follows: and equally dividing the regular graph according to the number of units and the number of users to obtain vector units, wherein the direction of the vector units is consistent with the direction of the building vector diagram. The concrete halving method comprises the following steps: according to the number of the acquired units, the vector graphics are equally divided by taking the long side as the standard, attributes of the vector graphics unit number are given, then according to the number of the acquired users, the regular graphics vector graphics are equally divided, and attributes of the vector graphics user number are given, so that vector unit data are acquired.
Fig. 4 (a) shows the division of the vector unit when the outline of the building is a regular figure, and fig. 4 (b) shows the division of the vector unit when the outline of the building is an irregular figure.
After the floor topological graph is obtained in the embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the following steps:
and in the floor topological graph, each vector unit is endowed with a user number, a belonging level and a place name address of a belonging building as vector unit information.
In the embodiment of the invention, the urban public basic database comprises public basic data of each department in a city; the method specifically comprises the following steps: city place name address data, city building special infrastructure data and city building business data.
Wherein the city place name address data comprises place name address data extracted from data with place name address information.
The data with location name address information includes house number data of a building, real estate registration data, map POI data, other data with address information. The city building specific infrastructure data includes electricity, fire, gas and water service data for the building. The urban building business data comprises real estate, enterprises, population, video and event data in the building. In the geographic information system, the map POI data may be a house, a shop, a mailbox, a bus station, or the like.
And S3, building topological diagrams of all levels of the same building are constructed into a three-dimensional grid model of the building.
The remote sensing image data is intelligently interpreted to identify a building vector diagram of an urban building, big data such as place name address data and the like are analyzed, a floor topological diagram and a three-dimensional grid model of the building are quickly constructed, and a universal, multi-scale, discretized and full-coverage urban space three-dimensional grid model is formed.
S4, forming three-dimensional grid models of all buildings in the city into a city space three-dimensional grid model; and displaying the urban space three-dimensional grid model. The urban space three-dimensional grid model established by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 5.
And S5, endowing each grid body in the three-dimensional grid model with a global unique address code.
In the embodiment of the invention, geoSOT grid codes or Beidou grid codes can be adopted to code each grid body in the three-dimensional grid model, FIG. 6 is a coding schematic diagram of the Beidou grid codes, and other coding methods for uniquely coding the global geographic position can also be adopted to code each grid body.
In the embodiment of the invention, a global address unit coding library can be established aiming at the global unique address coding set of the grid body in the three-dimensional grid model of all buildings in all cities around the world.
The invention forms a city space three-dimensional grid place name address coding library by matching the global unique address coding of the space grid body with the vector unit of the grid, and realizes the mapping of grid space area and place name address information.
S6, establishing a data association index large table by corresponding the vector unit corresponding to each grid body and the corresponding global unique address code in the urban space three-dimensional grid model.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
and aiming at the urban space three-dimensional grid model, vector unit information corresponding to each grid body corresponds to a corresponding global unique address code one to establish a data association index big table, and the global unique address code is used as an index item.
FIG. 7 shows an example of a large table of data association indices.
And S7, extracting the urban public basic data corresponding to each grid body from the urban public basic database, and matching the global unique address codes of the corresponding grid bodies to obtain an urban public basic data index table.
And S8, converging and integrating the large data association index table and the city public basic data index table by using the global unique address code, and associating the large data association index table and the city public basic data index table with the displayed city space three-dimensional grid model to realize data fusion and display of city data. Fig. 8 shows an example of the fusion of the urban spatial mesh model with data.
The invention takes the global unique address code of the grid body in the building as the basic skeleton of the spatial big data, solves the spatial matching and aggregation of multi-source heterogeneous data through unifying the global unique address code, realizes the spatial-temporal correlation integration of the urban big data, forms a spatial data grid set, generates and displays an urban spatial three-dimensional grid model associated with the urban public basic data, thereby realizing the fusion of the urban big data in different levels, different regions, different systems, different departments and different services, and providing support for the data services such as subsequent distribution, positioning, cooperative management, correlation analysis and the like and the novel urban three-dimensional grid map service and the urban big data management and application service.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A data fusion and display method based on a city space three-dimensional grid model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a remote sensing image map according to the place name address data of the building, and identifying the remote sensing image map to obtain a building vector map corresponding to the outline of the building;
dividing vector units for the building vector diagram according to the number of users of each level, and specifically comprising the following steps: if the outline of the building corresponding to the building vector diagram is a regular graph, vector units are directly divided; if the outline of the building corresponding to the building vector diagram is an irregular graph, processing the outline of the building into a combination of regular graphs in a regularization mode, and then dividing vector units; the specific process of dividing the vector units is as follows: equally dividing the regular graph according to the number of units and the number of users to obtain vector units, wherein the direction of the vector units is consistent with the direction of the building vector diagram;
obtaining a floor topological graph, specifically: acquiring residence information of the building in a city public basic database; the residence information comprises attribute information, house number, unit number, doorplate information and level information of the building; matching the building vector diagram and the residence information of the same building, and dividing the building vector diagram into vector units according to the number of the users to obtain a floor topological diagram; then, the method further comprises the following steps: endowing each vector unit with a user number, a belonging level and a place name address of a belonging building as vector unit information in the floor topological graph;
the floor topological diagrams of all levels of the same building are jointly constructed into a three-dimensional grid model of the building;
forming an urban space three-dimensional grid model by using the three-dimensional grid models of all buildings in the city; displaying the urban space three-dimensional grid model;
assigning a globally unique address code to each mesh volume in the three-dimensional mesh model;
establishing a data association index large table by aiming at the one-to-one correspondence between the vector unit corresponding to each grid body and the corresponding global unique address code in the urban space three-dimensional grid model;
extracting urban public basic data corresponding to each grid body from an urban public basic database, and matching the global unique address code of the corresponding grid body to obtain an urban public basic data index table;
and converging and integrating the large data association index table and the city public basic data index table by using the global unique address code, and associating the large data association index table and the city public basic data index table with the displayed city space three-dimensional grid model to realize data fusion and display of city data.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining a remote sensing image map according to the address data of the place name of the building, and performing identification intelligent interpretation on the remote sensing image map to obtain a building vector map corresponding to the outline of the building, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of extracting place name address data of a building from a city public basic database, matching longitude and latitude information of a central point of the building through the place name address data, further acquiring a remote sensing image map of the building, identifying a contour and a longitude and latitude range of the building based on the remote sensing image map, and establishing a building vector map by taking the trend of a doorplate arrangement mode as a direction.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein for the urban spatial three-dimensional grid model, the vector unit corresponding to each grid body is in one-to-one correspondence with the corresponding global unique address code to establish a large data association index table, specifically:
and establishing a data association index large table by corresponding vector unit information corresponding to each grid body and a corresponding global unique address code one to one in the urban space three-dimensional grid model, and taking the global unique address code as an index item.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the city public base database comprises city department public base data;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: city place name address data, city building special infrastructure data and city building business data;
the city place name address data comprises place name address data extracted from data with place name address information;
the data with the place name address information comprises house number data, real estate registration data and map POI data of a building;
the city building special infrastructure data comprises electric power, fire protection, gas and water service data of a building;
the urban building business data comprises real estate, enterprises, population, videos and event data in the building.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said assigning a globally unique address code to each mesh volume in said three-dimensional volumetric mesh model is:
and coding each grid body in the three-dimensional grid model by adopting GeoSOT grid codes or Beidou grid codes.
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