CN1784535B - 用于井下微型取样器的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一个井下样品罐和多个微型样品腔室。为了从地面钻孔或井筒底部采集到微型样品腔室内的样品，该微型样品腔室可具有至少一个将可见光，近红外(NIR)，中红外(MIR)以及其他电磁能量引入所述罐的窗口。该窗口可由蓝宝石或其他能够允许电磁能量通过窗口的材料制成。整个微型样品腔室可由蓝宝石或其他允许电磁能量通过能够通过视觉观察或在微型样品腔室内进行样品分析的另一种材料的材料制成。该微型样品腔室在地面能够立即进行现场样品测试以确定主样品罐中样品的质量或能够进行样品的全面测试。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求系列号为No.60/467668、申请日为2003年5月2日、由M.Shammai等人提出的、题目为“用于一种高级光学圆柱体的方法和装置”的美国临时专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明主要涉及井下取样分析领域，尤其是获取用于现场快速分析以确定井下样品质量的井下等分(aliquot)地层流体微量样品。
背景技术
在碳氢化合物生产井中的地层流体典型地包括油、气和水的混合物。地层流体的压力、温度和体积控制这些组分的相关系。在地层中，高的井内流体压力通常在高于泡点压力时将气体夹带入油内。当该压力减少时，该夹带入的或溶解的气体化合物从液相样品中分离。对来自一口特定井的压力，温度和地层流体组成的精确测量会影响从该井生产流体的商业可行性。该数据也提供了关于使相应的油气层完井(completion)和生产最大化的程序的信息。
可用某些技术来分析井筒中的井底流体。Brown等人提出的美国专利号为No.6,467,544的专利申请描述了一种样品腔室，其具有一个可滑动设置的活塞以在活塞的一侧限定一个样品腔并在活塞的另一侧限定一个缓冲腔。Griffith等人提出的美国专利号为5,361,839的专利申请(1993)公开了一种能够产生井筒中的井底流体样品性质的输出表示的转换器。Schultz等人(1994)提出的美国专利号为5,329,811的专利申请公开了一种估计井底流体样品压力和体积参数的方法和装置。
其他技术采集井中的流体样品以取回至地面。Czenichow等人(1986)提出的美国专利号为4,583,595的专利申请公开了一种采集井内流体样品的活塞致动机构。Berzin(1988)提出的美国专利号为4,721,157的专利申请公开了一种在一个腔内采集井内流体样品的移动阀套。Petermann(1988)提出的美国专利号为4,766,955的专利申请公开了一种用于采集井内流体样品的与一个控制阀接合的活塞，和Zunkel(1990)提出的美国专利号为4,903,765的专利申请公开了一种时间延迟的井内流体取样器。Gruber等人(1991)提出的美国专利号为5,009,100的专利申请公开了一种从选择的井筒深度采集井内流体样品的缆绳取样器。Schultz等人(1993)年提出的美国专利号为5,240,072的专利申请公开了一种在不同的时间和深度间隔允许井内流体样品采集的多样品环空压力响应取样器，Be等人(1994)提出的美国专利号为5,322,120的专利申请中公开了一种在井筒深处采集井内流体样品的电致动液压系统。
井筒深处的井下温度通常超过300°F。当一个热的地层流体样品取回到70°F的地面时，温度降低导致地层流体样品收缩。如果样品体积不变，这样的收缩实质上减少了样品的压力。压力的降低导致原位置地层流体参数改变，并允许在流体和地层流体样品内夹带的气体之间的相分离。相分离能显著改变地层流体特性，并降低评价地层流体实际特性的能力。
为了克服该限制，发展了各种保持地层流体压力的技术。Massie等人(1994)提出的美国专利号为5,337,822的专利申请中使用由高压气体提供动力的液压驱动的活塞来对地层流体样品增压。相似地，Shammai(1997)提出的美国专利号为5,662,166的专利申请利用一种增压气体来为地层流体样品增压。Michaels等人(1994)提出的美国专利号为5,303,775和(1995)提出的美国专利号为5,377,755的专利申请公开了一种增加地层流体样品压力使其超过泡点以至于随后的冷却不会将流体压力减少至泡点之下的双向容积泵。
典型地，样品罐被送到实验室用于分析以基于样品确定地层流体特性。典型地，样品将不得不被转移到输送罐内，因此，由于压力损失以及形成气泡或样品内的沥青质沉淀，将冒着样品损坏和损失的危险。另外，即使将样品成功转移到实验室，也要花费数周或数月才能得到样品的全部实验室分析。因此需要一种能够提供精确结果并消除样品损失危险的快速样品分析系统。
发明内容
本发明在上面的描述中提出了相关技术的缺点。本发明提供了一种井下样品罐和至少一个可去掉的微型样品腔。微型样品腔配置成在地面上取到样品后，能立即进行分析。在实施例中，为了用于微型样品腔内的从地层钻孔或井筒内采集的样品，该微型样品腔可具有至少一个用于将可见光，近红外(NIR)，中红外(MIR)和其他电磁能量引入罐内的窗口。该窗口由蓝宝石或其他能允许电磁能量通过该窗口的材料制成。整个微型样品腔可由蓝宝石或其他能允许电磁能量通过能够对微型样品腔内的样品视觉观察或分析的其他材料的材料制成。因为微型样品腔可从井下样品罐取下，并允许电磁能量通过该样品，该微型样品腔能够在地面对样品进行快速的现场测试以确定主样品罐内样品的质量或能够对样品进行全面测试。
在一个实施例中，样品罐和微型样品腔依靠抵抗借助流体静压力偏移的活塞而泵入地层流体来充满。样品罐和微型样品腔通过泵入或气体加载而增压从而使样品的压力增加至样品泡点压力以上从而防止不利的压力下降。可在地面将微型样品腔取下以便通过对微型样品腔内部未动过的样品进行光学分析而直接测试，或通过将微型样品腔固定在测试模块上以将样品从微型样品腔内泵入到测试模块进行气相色谱测试。可将偏置水压增压施加到微型样品腔以进一步确保微型样品保持在泡点压力以上。可以通过称量空的微型样品罐并在充满样品后再次称量以确定微型样品腔已知体积内的样品重量从而确定微型样品罐内样品的粘度。
附图说明
为了详细理解本发明，参考下面结合附图对示例性实施例的详细描述，其中相同的部件采用相同的附图标记，其中：
图1为示出本发明工作环境的地层剖面示意图；
图2为本发明的操作组件与配合的支持工具的简图；
图3为代表性的地层流体采集和输送系统的简图；
图4为示例性的微型样品腔室的图解；
图5为具有单向阀和清除管线的图4中的微型样品腔室的详细图解；
图6为从测井下工具拆下并正在进行微量样品分析的微型样品组件的图解；
图7为通常已知的样品分析程序的图解；
图8为本发明提供的新改进的程序的图解。
具体实施方式
图1示例性地表示沿井筒11长度的地层10的横截面。通常，井筒将至少部分充满包括水，钻井流体和井筒穿过的地层所固有的地层流体的液体混合物。在下文中，这样的流体混合物称为“井筒流体”。术语“地层流体”在下文中指一种除任何实质的混合物或被非自然存在于特定地层中的流体污染之外的特定地层流体。
地层流体取样工具20在井筒11内悬挂在缆绳12的底端。缆绳12通常由井架14支撑的滑轮13传送。钢缆绳的部署和回收例如由服务车辆15携带的动力绞车进行。
根据本发明，图2示例性地示出了取样工具20的一个示例性的实施例。在该实施例中，取样工具包括由相互压缩的接头23的螺套首尾连接的几个工具段的一系列组件。适于本发明的工具段组件可包括一个液压动力单元21和一个地层流体收集器22。在地层流体收集器22下面，设置一个用于管线清除的大工作容量马达/泵单元24。在该大容量泵下面为一个具有一个较小工作容量的相似的马达/泵单元25，如在图3中进行了更广泛的描述，该马达/泵单元25被定量监测。通常，在该小容积泵的下面组装有一个或多个样品罐仓部分26。每一个仓部分26可具有三个或更多的流体样品罐30。
地层流体收集器22包括一个与井壁支脚28相对的可延伸的吸入探针27。该吸入探头27和相对支脚28都是可液压延伸以与井壁牢固接合。专利号为No.5,303,775的美国专利详细描述了流体收集工具22的结构和操作细节，其说明书将结合在本申请中。
现在参考附图4，主样品腔414通过流动管路410与微型样品腔510流体连通。样品输入部412从泵25接受地层流体。活塞416通过开口于井眼的口420受流体静压而被偏压。因此，来自地层的样品流体克服流体静压力从井筒被泵入到主样品腔和微型样品腔510内。随着更多的流体被泵入到样品腔414中，样品腔414的体积和微型样品腔510的体积一样膨胀。在腔室418内提供一个氮气偏压(bias)，当活塞向下移动从而抵接到连杆449时，其能够向活塞416的后侧施加压力。氮气增压向主样品腔414和微型样品腔510中所包含的样品施加压力。
静压腔422在活塞416的下面施加流体静压力，其能使泵入主样品腔和微型样品腔内的样品流体保持高于流体静压力。微型样品组件400容纳在工具主体440内，该微型样品组件400可以从工具主体去掉以对微型样品腔510内的样品进行观察和测试。
现参考图5，其更详细地示出了微型样品组件400。阀516是打开的以在主样品腔414和微型样品腔510之间提供流体连通。微型样品腔510设置有通过口522开口于井筒流体静压力的偏压活塞441。因此，地层流体被泵入到样品流体管路410内，并抵抗微型样品腔室510内的活塞441和主样品腔室414内的活塞416施加的流体静压力。
在操作前称量空微型样品部件400的重量并在充满样品流体后再次称量以确定样品流体的重量。微型样品腔510的容积是已知的，通过样品的重量(质量)除以体积就可以确定微型样品腔室510内流体样品的密度。该样品流体的密度可以用来确定流体的粘度。
流动管路410能够通过单向阀520使地层流体进入到微型样品腔室510中。单向阀520允许地层流体进入样品腔室内，但却不允许流体流出，除非用图6中所示的销612将其打开。
阀516在样品充满微型样品腔510和主样品腔414后关闭以便于活塞441和416分别降至最低点以将各自的样品腔扩张至最大体积。一旦阀516关闭，清除管线512打开以解除阀516和单向阀520之间的流动管路410中的压力。解除该压力使得能够通过从工具主体螺纹518上拧松组件螺纹532将微型样品组件400拆下，这样容纳在微型样品腔510内的微型样品组件400内的样品可以被视觉观察和分析。
具有由能够对微型样品腔室的所含物视觉观察和光学分析的材料(如蓝宝石)制成的窗口的微型样品部件400可以由金属制成。整个微型样品部件400或环绕微型样品腔510的腔壁401可以由能够对微型样品腔的所含物进行视觉观察和光学分析的材料(如蓝宝石)制成。
现在参考图6，可在口522上连接一个水泵以向微型样品组件活塞441后侧施加压力，从而在将微量样品转送至一个测试装置的过程中，如气相色谱仪中，对样品腔510内的样品施加压力。将微型样品组件柠入试验台600并且销612与单向阀520接合以允许样品腔510内的样品进入试验台600内。在将样品转移至试验台的过程中，来自泵610的水压使样品保持在可阻止样品腔510内的样品的闪蒸的压力下。
当前的微型样品腔的例子具有一个或多个光学导管，其在该示例中为高压蓝宝石窗口530，用于电磁能量出入微型样品腔510从而对所关心的地层流体样品510的参数进行光学分析。整个微型样品腔可以由蓝宝石或其他能够使电磁能量通过该材料的材料制成，因此可以对微型样品腔的所含物进行视觉观察和非侵入的光谱以及其他分析。除了蓝宝石外，光学导管也是可以接受的。
如图6所示，在地面操作中，微型样品组件将从样品罐载体上取下。包括NIR/MIR，紫外或可见光源以及光谱计的外部光学分析器用于地面非侵入式分析。光学分析器包括一个NIR/MIR光源以及一个用于分析光的透过率、荧光性和总的衰减反射率的NIR/MIR光传感器。也就是，不必干扰流体样品或不需要将样品转移到另一个运输部(DOT)批准的腔室中以运输至远离现场的实验室进行分析。
在当前的示例中，外部光学分析器利用的波长范围为1500nm至2000nm从而扫描流体样品以通过软模型技术确定或估计所关心的参数，如样品的污染百分比、气油比(GOR)、密度和沥青沉积压力。在分析模块中也可以提供可调谐二极管激光器和拉曼光谱计对流体样品进行光谱分析。每一种光源和传感器都设置在微型样品腔510内或通过光学窗口530或通过提供数据或电磁能量出入样品罐内和其中容纳的样品的等同的光学导管与微型样品腔的内部连通。
通过比较图7，现有技术系统和图8，本发明的AOA提供的新方法和装置设计，本发明诸多优点中的一部分将得到说明。应注意在图8中，通过光学技术1114的主要参数计算可立即或少于6个小时得到，并且最终的PVT报告1132可在一周之内或更少的时间内得到，而不是图7中所示的现有技术系统中的6至8周。由于在外部设备620中不侵入地面或井下设备执行PVT和光谱分析以确定沥青沉积，起泡点，地层体积系数，组成分析和这里描述的其他分析，因此该公开的方法和装置的一个优点为不需要样品转移。
在另一个实施例中，本发明的方法和装置作为在计算机可读介质上的一组计算机可执行的指令被实现，可读介质包括ROM，RAM，CD-ROM，FlashRAM或任何其他的计算机可读介质，当执行时使计算机实现本发明功能的现在已知的或未知的可读介质。
虽然前面的公开涉及本发明的示例性的实施例，但是对于本领域的技术人员来说，对本发明的各种修改都是明显的。这就意味着在所附权利要求范围内的各种修改都包含在前面公开的内容中。为了更好地理解随后的详细描述，和为了可以更清楚其对于本领域的贡献，相当广泛地概括了本发明的更重要特点的实施例。当然，本发明的其他特点将在随后描述并将形成这里所附权利要求的主题。
Claims (28)
1.一种用于确定流体样品的参数的装置，其包括：
主样品腔(414)；其特征在于所述装置还包括：
(a)微型样品腔(510)，其中，微型样品腔(510)、主样品腔(414)和流体样品在井下流体连通，主样品腔(414)容纳第一部分流体样品，微型样品腔(510)容纳第二部分流体样品，微型样品腔(510)可从主样品腔(414)中去掉，以确定微型样品腔(510)中的第二部分流体的参数，从而确定主样品腔(414)中第一部分流体样品的参数；以及
(b)与微型样品腔(510)相关联以分析流体样品的分析装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，该微型样品腔具有已知的体积，通过称量的流体样品重量可以确定流体样品的密度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，整个微型样品腔(510)由允许电磁能量通过以对微型样品腔(510)内的流体样品进行分析的材料制成。
4.根据利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于还包括：
在从井筒取出的过程中使微型样品腔(510)中的流体样品保持压力的压力增压装置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，分析装置包括至少一个由可调谐二极管激光器和拉曼光谱计组成的组来分析流体样品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，还包括：在微型样品腔(510)充满流体样品的过程中抵抗样品泵处流体样品的微型样品腔活塞(441)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，还包括：在从井下取出后对微型样品腔(510)内的样品加压的水增压装置。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，还包括：允许流体进入微型样品腔(510)并阻止流体离开微型样品腔(510)的单向阀(520)，单向阀(520)随着微型样品腔(510)被移开。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，还包括：将微型样品腔(510)与主样品腔分离的阀(516)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置，还包括：解除微型样品腔(510)与主样品腔(414)之间压力的清除管线(512)。
11.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，基本上整个微型样品腔(510)由能够对微型样品腔(510)内的样品视觉观察的材料制成。
12.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，该微型样品腔(510)由能够对微型样品腔(510)内的样品进行光学分析的材料制成。
13.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，该微型样品腔(510)可从工具上取下以在地面通过外部分析设备对样品进行分析。
14.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，该微型样品腔(510)可在地面上取下以分析微型样品腔的流体样品。
15.一种确定流体样品参数的方法，其包括：向主样品腔(414)和微型样品腔(510)注入流体样品，所述主样品腔和微型样品腔与流体样品处于流体连通，从而在主样品腔(414)中容纳第一部分流体样品；在井下与主样品腔(414)流体连通的微型样品腔(510)容纳第二部分地层流体样品，其特征在于：
(a)将微型样品腔从主样品腔(414)取下；并且
(b)用与微型样品腔(510)相关联的分析装置分析微型样品腔(510)中的第二部分流体样品，以确定主样品腔(414)中第一部分流体样品的参数。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，分析第二部分流体包括以下步骤：
对容纳第二部分流体样品的微型样品腔(510)称重；
由容纳第二部分流体样品的微型样品腔的重量减去微型样品腔(510)为空时的重量来确定微型样品腔中第二部分流体样品的重量；并由流体样品的重量和容纳流体样品的样品腔的体积来确定流体样品的密度和粘度中的至少一个。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，基本上整个微型样品腔(510)由允许电磁能量通过以对微型样品腔(510)内的样品进行分析的材料制成。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：在从井筒取出微型样品腔(510)的过程中利用一个增压装置在微型样品腔(510)的第二部分流体样品上保持压力。
19.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：使用作用在微型样品腔(510)内样品上的流体静压力偏压装置。
20.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：在微型样品腔(510)充满第二部分流体样品的过程中抵抗样品泵。
21.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：在从井底取出后对微型样品腔(510)内的样品增压。
22.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：利用一个单向阀(520)允许流体进入到微型样品腔(510)内并且阻止流体离开微型样品腔(510)，单向阀(520)随着微型样品腔(510)被移开。
23.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：将微型样品腔(510)与主样品腔隔离的阀(516)。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法，还包括：解除微型样品腔(510)和主样品腔(414)之间的压力。
25.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：对微型样品腔(510)内的流体样品进行视觉观察。
26.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：对微型样品腔(510)内的第二部分流体样品进行光学分析。
27.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：将微型样品腔(510)从工具上取下；以及
通过外部分析设备在地面上对微型样品腔(510)内的第二部分流体样品进行分析，以确定主样品腔(414)内第一部分流体样品的质量。
28.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其还包括：
将微型样品腔(510)取下，用来在地面上分析第二部分流体样品，以确定主样品腔(414)内第一部分流体样品的参数。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1784535A (zh) | 2006-06-07 |
| DE602004012554D1 (de) | 2008-04-30 |
| US7671983B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 |
| EP2320026B1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
| EP1631732A1 (en) | 2006-03-08 |
| EP1623091B1 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
| EP1631732B1 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
| US20040244971A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
| US20040218176A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
| BRPI0410046A (pt) | 2006-04-25 |
| EP1623091A2 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
| US7210343B2 (en) | 2007-05-01 |
| WO2004099564A2 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
| CA2524075A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
| EP2320026A1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
| RU2333357C2 (ru) | 2008-09-10 |
| DE602004012554T2 (de) | 2009-04-16 |
| RU2005137357A (ru) | 2007-06-10 |
| WO2004099566A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
| NO20055319L (no) | 2005-11-11 |
| WO2004099564A3 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
| JP2007535655A (ja) | 2007-12-06 |
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