CN1781611A - Multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle - Google Patents
Multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle Download PDFInfo
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- CN1781611A CN1781611A CN 200410096446 CN200410096446A CN1781611A CN 1781611 A CN1781611 A CN 1781611A CN 200410096446 CN200410096446 CN 200410096446 CN 200410096446 A CN200410096446 A CN 200410096446A CN 1781611 A CN1781611 A CN 1781611A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, which is regulated via matching with the laser focus regulation and applied in laser coating treatment or laser powder welding process. When used in laser coating treatment or laser powder welding process, the laser nozzle has raised powder convergence and bulk efficiency and may be also used in local laser surface coating treatment of the workpiece. The nozzle with one central airflow and double ring airflow can make powder form no-divergence powder flow in the controlled shape. When heat resisting coating is painted onto the nozzle and cooling system is increased, the laser nozzle may be used in high temperature environment. The present invention may be used in laser coating treatment, 3D formation regenerating treatment, 2205 biphase stainless steel powder welding, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of Materialbearbeitung mit Laserlicht device of multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, precise machining process such as the technical field of application such as laser coating processing, three-dimensional rapid forming and laser powder welding.
Background technology
The laser coating is treated to the important process technology of Materialbearbeitung mit Laserlicht, and its range of application mainly comprises the regeneration (as the soldering of damaged workpiece and being shaped fast of three-dimensional) of material surface upgrading (as increasing the anti-corrosion or wearability of workpiece) and workpiece.General laser coating is handled, and is to add alloy powder in substrate surface (as precoat, gravity type powder feeding, fluid-type powder feeding), makes powder and top layer base material fusion via the laser irradiation, forms the face coat or the soldering layer of metallurgical bond.In different laser coating treatment process, with laser coaxial or approximate coaxial automatic powder feeding system, cooperate multiaxis CNC board, can carry out the 3-dimensional metal assembly and be shaped fast and make or soldering.Application laser coaxial or approximate coaxial coating process technology, the regeneration of the manufacturing of shaping fast of suitable a small amount of diversified assembly and expensive damage spare part.Because laser has the high-energy-density characteristic, so handling, the laser coating also low hot input quantity is arranged than general traditional handicraft, the heat affected area of workpiece and deflection can be reduced to minimum level, and can obtain the coating layer of thin solidified structure.Therefore, laser coating treatment process is quite universal on commercial Application, makes or regeneration is handled etc. as being shaped fast of the shaping soldering of the welding of the wearing layer of various sealing surface of seats, aerial blade low stress area, blade.
Nozzle is handled in the laser coating of development in the past, can divide into gravity type, approximate coaxial protection ring gas formula, coaxial-type, revolve gas mixed powder formula, coaxial monocycle autogenous cutting formula and coaxial-type metal accumulation nozzle etc. according to the principle of design [with reference to Sulzer Innotec, HB/Laser Surface Engineering05/20/97 technical data, J.Lin ﹠amp; W.M.Steen, Designcharacteristic and development of a nozzle forcoaxial laser cladding, P.55-63 Journal of LaserApplications 04/1998 reaches U.S. Pat 6534745B1].In the laser nozzle of different types,, carry out three-dimensional rapid forming regeneration or soldering more rapidly and efficiently with coaxial or approximate coaxial nozzle; Wherein the deposition efficiency with monocycle autogenous cutting formula coaxial nozzle and coaxial-type metal accumulation nozzle is the highest, can reach 40% and 43.7%[J.Lin respectively, A simple modeof powder catchment in coaxial laser cladding, Optics ﹠amp; Laser Technology 31 (1999), P.233-238].Only the deposition efficiency of laser nozzle powder directly influences process efficiency and cost, and therefore designing the laser nozzle with high deposition efficiency is an important topic.
In addition, laser nozzle comprises GE company in the application study of laser powder welding, MTS company and [the US Pattern 5486676 of Trump company, USPattern 6696664B2 and J.Arnold and R.Volz, Laserpowder technology for cladding and welding, Journalof Thermal Spray Technology, Vol.8 (2), June, 1999, P.243-248] all use the construction package laser weld that side direction powder feeding principle is carried out broad gap (Wide gap), the restriction that thought side direction powder feeding welding process has directionality is used and must be expended higher cost construction laser head steering.
Summary of the invention
The present invention's purpose provides a kind of multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, use dicyclo gas and the laminar flow formula gas Shu Zuoyong that central gas formed make the powder a fluid stream have the effect of contained deflation at jet expansion, can significantly improve the centrality (attenuating scattering angle) of powder, and then increase the coating processing of laser nozzle and the powder accumulation efficient of powder welding procedure, improve process velocity.
Purpose of the present invention and to solve its technical problem underlying be to adopt following technical scheme to realize.According to a kind of multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle that the present invention proposes, it includes: nozzle location is adjusted assembly, can adjust the nozzle high and low position and make the focusing focus of laser be positioned at nozzle interior or outside, is positioned at the nozzle arrangements top; And has a nozzle arrangements that dicyclo gas and central gas produce laminar flow formula gas bundle, in nozzle, produce laminar flow formula gas Shu Zuoyong with dicyclo gas and central gas, wherein, in ring gas be exported to outer shroud gas outlet in the vertical distance range of nozzle centerline greater than 0, the said nozzle position is adjusted assembly and is had the nozzle arrangements that dicyclo gas and central gas produce laminar flow formula gas bundle and belong to a coaxial structure, can implement high-effect more than function Laser Processing application.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems can also be further achieved by the following technical measures.
The nozzle arrangements of aforementioned multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle includes: nozzle microscope base and exterior line inlet distribution component, connect nozzle location adjust assembly, support and fixedly the insulation blocking eyeglass, distribute and be connected powder runner inlet, central gas runner inlet, ring flow channel and enter the mouth, protect flow channel to enter the mouth and nozzle water-cooled runner; The powder runner is to carry powder to enter nozzle and be distributed in the powder runner and the passage of powder runner exit with gas; Dicyclo gas bundle laminar flow generation device and runner, be ring flow channel inlet pilot gas above nozzle microscope base and exterior line intake assembly, ring gas and outer shroud gas in this gas barrier being divided into outer gas hood assembly arrangement via interior ring gas tread assembly, outer shroud gas tread assembly, interior ring gas-bearing formation stream runner; Central gas laminar flow generation device and runner, for entering the mouth direct central gas through central gas laminar flow runner from nozzle microscope base and exterior line intake assembly top central gas runner, wherein, it is terminal that this central gas laminar flow runner is positioned at central gas runner inlet; And the protection flow channel, guiding protective gas enters nozzle, forms the protection flow channel via exterior line intake assembly and outer gas hood assembly.
Aforementioned multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, wherein said interior ring gas-bearing formation stream runner is fluting or the hole on the outer shroud gas tread assembly, its quantity comprises more than one.
Aforementioned multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, wherein said interior ring gas-bearing formation stream runner also comprise several holes or pass through the plane clearance formation of screw thread.
Aforementioned multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, wherein said central gas laminar flow runner also comprise several holes or pass through the plane clearance formation of screw thread.
Aforementioned multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, wherein said powder runner exit and jet expansion horizontal plane angle scope are that 61 degree are to 89 degree.
Aforementioned multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, within the wherein said ring flow channel ring gas outlet and jet expansion horizontal plane angle scope be 40 degree to 85 degree, the outlet of ring gas is 20 degree, 80 degree with jet expansion horizontal plane angle scope outside the ring flow channel.
Aforementioned multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, wherein said nozzle location is adjusted assembly and is adjusted the nozzle high and low position, is meant that nozzle is positive and negative 15mm with respect to the scope of focal position adjustment.
Aforementioned multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, it also includes: one group of above nozzle outer cover cooling water channel assembly, its assembly places in the nozzle outer cover; And have nozzle outer cover and the nozzle body assembly that the surface sprays heat insulating coating, can in hot environment, implement high-effect more than the function Laser Processing use.
Aforementioned multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, wherein said surfacing heat insulating coating comprise interlayer (Bond coats) and surface layer (Top coats); Above-mentioned interlayer can be MCrAlY or nickel aluminium powder material, and interlayer surfacing thickness can be between 50 to 250 μ m; Above-mentioned surface layer is for containing 6 to 8%Y
2O
3Zirconium oxide powder or have the ceramic powders of thermal insulation, surface layer surfacing thickness can make surfacing heat insulating coating structure have the high temperature insulating characteristic between 100 to 400 μ m.
The present invention's multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, use dicyclo gas and the laminar flow formula gas Shu Zuoyong that central gas formed make the powder a fluid stream have the effect of contained deflation at jet expansion, can significantly improve the centrality (attenuating scattering angle) of powder, and then increase the coating processing of laser nozzle and the powder accumulation efficient of powder welding procedure, improve process velocity.Laser multifunctional nozzle of the present invention is adjusted the assembly adjustment by nozzle location, makes laser spot be positioned at nozzle interior or outside, can carry out laser processing technologies such as laser coating processing, three-dimensional rapid forming or laser powder welding.This laser nozzle possesses multi-functional selectivity is arranged, and wherein powder a fluid stream, laser nozzle are coaxial with laser beam.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle structure chart.
Fig. 2: the generation device of dicyclo gas-bearing formation stream.
Fig. 3: the generation device of central gas laminar flow.
Fig. 4: multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle is in the structure chart of hot environment application.
Fig. 5: (a) make the test piece surface become out of focus (Under focus) pattern and (b) make the test piece surface become laser to focus on (Just focus) pattern for adjusting nozzle for adjusting multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle.
Fig. 6: (a) powder of traditional coaxial laser nozzle sticks the jet expansion schematic diagram, (b) ring gas bundle avoids powder to stick jet expansion schematic diagram (the powder runner exit is longer with interior ring gas outlet distance) within the multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, (c) within the multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle ring gas bundle avoid powder stick jet expansion schematic diagram (powder runner exit with the outlet of interior ring gas apart from shorter) and (d) the dicyclo gas bundle of multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle make powder concentration effect schematic diagram.
Fig. 7: the powder a fluid stream of multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle of the present invention is concentrated schematic diagram.
Fig. 8: powder a fluid stream image measuring apparatus schematic diagram.
Fig. 9: Dp/Dn (powder a fluid stream diameter/jet expansion diameter) ratio with apart from the relation of jet expansion position.
Figure 10: Dp/Ds1 (powder a fluid stream diameter/laser and powder effect and his like beam diameter) ratio with apart from the relation of jet expansion position.
Figure 11: multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle is under dicyclo gas Shu Zuoyong, and the walking speed of various combination and workpiece are apart from the deposition efficiency of jet expansion distance.
Figure 12: (a) add the cross section macroscopic metallograph that the pure nickel powder carries out powder welding welding bead, (b) do not add the welding bead metallographic of the laser weldment of powder and use the welding bead metallographic that nozzle of the present invention cooperates the interpolation pure nickel powder to carry out the laser powder welding with (c) for answering the multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle central gas to cooperate with helium.
The explanation of accompanying drawing main mark
10: powder runner exit and jet expansion horizontal plane angle
12: road outlet of ring gas line and jet expansion horizontal plane angle within the dicyclo gas bundle
14: road outlet of ring gas line and jet expansion horizontal plane angle outside the dicyclo gas bundle
16: laser beam and powder barrier assembly outlet diameter
18: the jet expansion diameter
20: the vertical range of interior ring gas outlet and the outlet of outer shroud gas
22: microscope base and exterior line inlet distribution component
23: central gas produces the laminar flow assembly
24: outer gas hood assembly
26: interior ring gas tread assembly
28: laser beam and powder barrier assembly
30: outer shroud gas tread assembly
32: nozzle water-cooled runner
33: nozzle location is adjusted assembly
34: laser beam
36: laser condensing lens
37: the insulation blocking eyeglass
38: welding bead is handled in coating
39: powder welding welding bead
40: coating or powder soldering workpiece
41: laser spot
42: the powder runner
43: powder runner inlet
44: the ring flow channel
45: ring flow channel inlet
46: the protection flow channel
47: protection flow channel inlet
48: the central gas runner
49: central gas runner inlet
50: the central gas bundle
51: the powder a fluid stream
52: dicyclo gas bundle
56: the cooling water channel assembly of nozzle outer cover
66: the nozzle body assembly
70: cover member
78: the protection eyeglass
85: the heat insulating coating of nozzle surfacing
220: the powder a fluid stream of center gas and dicyclo gas Shu Zuoyong
222: approximate monocycle autogenous cutting formula powder a fluid stream
224: the powder a fluid stream of dispersing
300: jet expansion
306: melted powder is sticked jet expansion
312: interior ring gas
313: interior ring gas-bearing formation stream runner
314: outer shroud gas
330: the powder a fluid stream of concentrating
340: central gas laminar flow runner
350: the narrow slit area source
352: oval shape mirror
354: little burnt digital image capture device
356: focusing projection light
358: jet expansion distance (Stand-off distance)
360: powder and laser reciprocation a fluid stream
The specific embodiment
The present invention's multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle (Fig. 1, this nozzle are the structures that is left-right symmetry along central shaft), it includes:
(1) nozzle location is adjusted assembly 33, can adjust the nozzle high and low position and make the focusing focus of laser be positioned at nozzle interior or outside, is positioned at the nozzle arrangements top; And
(2) have the nozzle arrangements that dicyclo gas and central gas produce laminar flow formula gas bundle, in nozzle, produce laminar flow formula gas Shu Zuoyong with dicyclo gas and central gas, wherein, interior ring gas be exported to outer shroud gas outlet in the vertical distance range of nozzle centerline greater than 0,
Wherein, it is positive and negative 15mm that nozzle location adjustment assembly is adjusted the nozzle location scope, adjusting the nozzle high and low position makes laser spot be positioned at nozzle interior or outside, and this has the nozzle arrangements of laminar flow formula gas bundle, also include: nozzle microscope base and exterior line inlet distribution component 22, connect nozzle location adjust assembly 33, support and fixedly insulation blocking eyeglass 37, distribute and be connected powder runner inlet 43, central gas runner inlet 49, ring flow channel and enter the mouth 45, protect flow channel to enter the mouth 47 and nozzle water-cooled runner 32; Powder runner 42 is that the powder a fluid stream of guiding fluid form enters nozzle and is distributed in the powder runner and the passage of powder runner exit; Dicyclo gas bundle laminar flow generation device and runner, for encircling flow channel inlet guide ring gas from nozzle microscope base and exterior line inlet distribution component top, the air-flow isolation be should import via interior ring gas tread assembly 26, outer shroud gas tread assembly 30 with interior ring gas-bearing formation stream runner 313 assembled arrangement and interior ring gas 312 and outer shroud gas 314 were divided into, wherein, should interior ring gas-bearing formation stream runner be on the outer shroud gas tread assembly, quantity comprises fluting or the hole more than, and cooperates the plane clearance by screw thread to constitute (Fig. 2); Central gas laminar flow generation component and runner, for entering the mouth direct central gas through central gas laminar flow runner 340 from nozzle microscope base and exterior line intake assembly top central gas runner, wherein, this central gas laminar flow runner is positioned at central gas runner 49 ends that enter the mouth, and producing reciprocation in central gas outlet and powder a fluid stream and dicyclo gas bundle, this central gas laminar flow runner also includes several holes or the plane clearance by screw thread constitutes (Fig. 3); And the protection flow channel, guiding protection gas enters nozzle, forms the protection flow channel via exterior line inlet distribution component and outer gas hood assembly.
In addition, in above-mentioned multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, via increasing by one group of cooling water channel assembly 56 and fit with nozzle body assembly 66 and cover member 70 surface spraying weld heat insulating coatings 85 (Fig. 4) with the top nozzle outer cover, can under high temperature, carry out technologies such as coating processing or high temperature powder welding, wherein, the cooling water channel assembly of nozzle outer cover, its assembly places in the nozzle outer cover, and the heat insulating coating 85 of nozzle surfacing is divided into interlayer and surface layer, interlayer (Bondcoats) material is MCrAlY or nickel aluminium powder material, its surfacing thickness is 50 to 250 μ m, and surface layer (Top coats) material is for containing 6 to 8%Y
2O
3Zirconium oxide powder, its surfacing thickness is 100 to 400 μ m.
The overall structure of above-mentioned multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle is formed (Fig. 1) and function includes:
(1) microscope base and exterior line inlet distribution component 22: be mainly and connect nozzle location and adjust assembly 33, support and fixing insulation blocking eyeglass 37 and distribute and is connected powder runner inlet 43, central gas runner inlet 49, ring flow channel and enters the mouth 45, protect flow channel to enter the mouth 47 and nozzle water-cooled runner 32.
(2) the powder runner 42: the guiding powder forms powder runner 42 in nozzle interior, and forms the powder a fluid stream in jet expansion.
(3) the dicyclo flow channel 44: guide ring gas forms the ring flow channel in nozzle interior, the air bound abscission zone be should encircle via interior ring gas tread assembly 26, outer shroud gas tread assembly 30 with interior ring gas-bearing formation stream runner 313 assembled arrangement and interior ring gas 312 and outer shroud gas 314 were divided into, and in jet expansion formation dicyclo gas bundle, restrain the powder a fluid stream to form concentrated powder a fluid stream, use in order to laser coating processing or powder welding.Dicyclo gas has the function that the powder of preventing sticks jet expansion and cooling outer shroud gas tread assembly 30.
(4) nozzle water-cooled runner 32: the guiding cooling water enters nozzle and forms the nozzle water cooled pipeline, prevents that nozzle from damaging because of coating processing or powder welding process temperature raise.
(5) nozzle location is adjusted assembly 33: adjust nozzle, it is inner or outside to make laser spot 41 be positioned at jet expansion, uses to carry out the welding of laser coating processing or powder.
(6) the central gas runner 48: direct central gas enters nozzle, and produces laminar flow assembly 23 via central gas, makes the even cooling protection eyeglass of central gas, prevents that powder from entering nozzle interior and protecting welding bead to prevent oxidation.
(7) central gas produces laminar flow assembly 23: produce the fluid effect of laminar flow when making central gas enter nozzle center, evenly the cooling protection eyeglass.
(8) outer gas hood assembly 24: as gas hood outside the nozzle, the height of isolation laser process heat prevents that nozzle body is overheated.Form the dicyclo flow channel with interior ring gas tread assembly 26 and outer shroud gas tread assembly 30.
(9) laser beam and powder barrier assembly 28: isolate coaxial among the motive (or laser) and powder a fluid stream, and make the powder a fluid stream in jet expansion and coaxial laser generation reciprocation.
(10) ring gas tread assembly 26 and outer shroud gas tread assembly 30 in: guide ring gas forms the dicyclo flow channel with outer gas hood assembly 24, forms dicyclo gas bundle at jet expansion, and contained powder forms concentrated a fluid stream, and produces reciprocation with central gas and laser.
(11) protection flow channel 46: guiding protective gas enters nozzle, forms protection flow channel 46 via exterior line inlet distribution component 22 and outer gas hood assembly 24, forms the protection air curtain in jet expansion and prevents coating processing or the oxidation of powder welding process welding bead.
(12) powder runner 42 outlets and jet expansion horizontal plane angle 10: the interaction time that influences powder focal position and laser and powder.
(13) road outlet of ring gas line and jet expansion horizontal plane angle 12 within the dicyclo gas bundle: influence powder and encircled the variation of contained degree of gas and powder focus, and have the powder of preventing a fluid stream and stick jet expansion and cool off outer shroud gas tread assembly 30 in nozzle interior.
(14) road outlet of ring gas line and jet expansion horizontal plane angle 14 outside the dicyclo gas bundle: influence powder is encircled contained degree of gas and powder focus in the nozzle outside variation.
(15) jet expansion diameter 18 and laser beam and powder barrier assembly 28 outlet diameters 16: the intensity of the variable effect powder a fluid stream of both diameters, and must match each other with jet expansion horizontal plane angle 12,14 with the inner and outer rings gas line road outlet of powder runner 42 outlets with jet expansion horizontal plane angle 10 and dicyclo gas bundle.
(16) outlet of ring gas and outer shroud gas outlet distance 20 in: it influences intensity, powder and the laser interaction time of powder a fluid stream and the deposition efficiency of coating technology.
Multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle of the present invention, adjust the relative position that assembly 33 is adjusted jet expansion and laser spot 41 by nozzle location, carry out the application of different laser processing technologies, as adjust nozzle make the test piece surface become out of focus (Under focus) pattern (promptly adjusting nozzle location makes laser spot 41 be positioned at nozzle interior, shown in Fig. 5 (a)), laser 34 promptly produces reciprocation with central gas bundle 50, powder a fluid stream 51 and dicyclo gas bundle 52 in nozzle interior, can carry out the laser coating of different workpieces and handle (Laser cladding) or three-dimensional rapid forming; (promptly adjusting nozzle location makes laser spot 41 be positioned at the nozzle outside for laser focus point (Just focus) pattern if the adjustment nozzle makes the test piece surface, shown in Fig. 5 (b)), laser 34 produces reciprocation with central gas bundle 50, powder a fluid stream 51 and dicyclo gas bundle 52 in the nozzle outside, can carry out the laser powder welding of different workpieces.Adjusting assembly 33 via nozzle location, to carry out nozzle be that (positive sign refers to over focus to positive and negative 15mm with respect to the scope of focal position adjustment; Negative sign refers under focus).
Among the present invention, have the nozzle arrangements that dicyclo gas and central gas produce laminar flow formula gas bundle, its laminar flow formula gas bundle generation mechanism and effect are described below respectively:
(1) the laminar flow effect of dicyclo air-flow:
For traditional coaxial-type nozzle (as Fig. 6 (a)), powder flows out from powder runner 42, by jet expansion 300,, therefore carry out coating and handle the situation that melted powder 306 is sticked jet expansion 300 inside that easily produces with identical jet expansion aperture because of but edge within the nozzle of acyclic air cooling.Multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle of the present invention (Fig. 6 (b) and Fig. 6 (c)) but within the ring gas 312 cooling jet outer shroud gas tread assemblies 30 edge add the laminar flow deflation effect of upper inner ring gas, what prevent powder adheres to nozzle inner edge and outlet, because cooling effect and powder a fluid stream are subjected to the aperture that the deflation effect can be dwindled nozzle, and can obtain also concentrated powder a fluid stream 330.In addition, via the reciprocation of ring gas 312, outer shroud gas 314 and central gas 50 in the laminar flow formula diameter of powder a fluid stream produce to be concentrated and had a focussing force (Fig. 6 (d)).Wherein, also can adjust interior ring gas and be exported to distance 20, dicyclo gas and the jet expansion horizontal plane angle (12 and 14) of outer shroud gas outlet and intensity and the change in concentration (being the time of powder a fluid stream and laser beam reciprocation) that the interior variable angle (angle 10 subtracts the value of angle 12) of encircling gas and 42 outlets of powder runner is restrained the powder a fluid stream via the shape that conversion laser beam and powder barrier assembly 28, interior ring gas tread assembly 26, outer shroud gas tread assembly 30 reach outer gas hood assembly 24 (Fig. 1).Therefore, interior ring gas outlet changes with jet expansion horizontal plane angle 12 angles can be from 40 degree to 85 degree, and the outlet of outer shroud gas changes with jet expansion horizontal plane angle 14 angles can be from 20 degree to 80 degree.Jet expansion diameter 18 scopes are because of the difference of processing technology demand and installing laser species, and adjustable range is from 1.5mm to 12mm, and the adjusting range of laser beam and powder barrier assembly 28 outlet diameters 16 is from 1mm to 10mm.
(2) the laminar flow effect of central gas stream:
Guiding enters the motive among the nozzle; produce laminar flow assembly 23 via central gas; enter nozzle interior central gas hole 340, make central gas produce conforming layer streaming air-flow cooling protection eyeglass, prevent that powder from entering nozzle interior and protecting welding bead to prevent oxidation (Fig. 3) with inclination angle.
In addition; the design of the visual session of focus lamp of nozzle of the present invention top is different; use copper focus lamp or lens style focused mirror; if adopt the copper focus lamp; then removable insulation blocking eyeglass (goggles) session on the copper focus lamp is with the motive among the cold gas of isolating session and laser coating processing or the powder welding procedure.If use the lens style focused mirror, the insulation blocking eyeglass (goggles) that then adopts the leaded light mode of Fig. 1 to dispose.
Influence the laser coating and handle deposition efficiency, principal element comprises nozzle powder intensity and laser and the influence of powder interaction time, with regard to the powder intensity, the motive among this multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle (for example: helium) with dicyclo gas (for example: argon gas) powder a fluid stream intensity influenced schematic diagram as shown in Figure 7, show powder by after carrying gas to carry the jet expansion (outer gas hood assembly 24) of flowing through by this figure, its powder a fluid stream 224 of dispersing is quite big.If powder is flowed through behind the jet expansion (outer gas hood assembly 24) through carrying gas and center gas acting in conjunction, then present and comparatively concentrate powder a fluid stream 222 (promptly approximate monocycle autogenous cutting formula powder a fluid stream).If powder is flowed through behind the jet expansion (outer gas hood assembly 24) to carry gas, center gas and dicyclo gas Shu Zuoyong according to the present invention, present and do not disperse and also be concentrated powder a fluid stream 220.
Moreover, with regard to of the experiment of gas feed flow for powder a fluid stream and laser beam reciprocation, under the 2.5KW laser action (IN625 powder), when multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle powder a fluid stream carries gas, dicyclo gas and central gas to be under the effect of 1.5 liters/minute (LPM) at powder, the flow velocity at powder a fluid stream center lower (being about 2 to 1.5 meter/second (m/s)), the powder concn of unit volume is higher, and (maximum is 22 kilograms/meter
3(Kg/m
3)), via powder flow velocity and laser energy reciprocation estimation powder flow velocity and powder temperature relation, because this powder flow velocity is slower, the chien shih powder temperature reaches 3138 ℃ in increase powder and the laser reciprocation, and the powder centrality is good, and historical facts or anecdotes is surveyed deposition efficiency can reach 82.65%.When if the powder a fluid stream is carried gas, 5 liters of/minute (LPM) ring gas and 5 liters of/minute (LPM) center gas flow effects with 3 liters of/minute (LPM) powder, the powder a fluid stream produces to nozzle center from the nozzle outlet and concentrates, powder a fluid stream central speed is 3.4 to 4.2 meter/second (m/s), and the highest powder concn of unit volume becomes 15 kilograms/meter
3(Kg/m
3), powder temperature is 2210 ℃, the deposition efficiency of its powder can reach 52%.When if the powder a fluid stream is carried gas, 5 liters of/minute (LPM) ring gas and 10 liters of/minute (LPM) center gas flow effects with 3 liters of/minute (LPM) powder, the intensity of its powder changes little, only causes the flow velocity of powder to increase (being 4.5 to 5.2 meter/second (m/s)) and powder concn and descends that (maximum is 9 kilograms/meter
3(Kg/m
3)), powder causes powder temperature to reduce (being about 2020 ℃) because of reducing with the laser interaction time, makes the deposition efficiency of powder become 46%.
For understanding, carry out apart from the powder a fluid stream of jet expansion different distance and the measure of the change of laser and powder reciprocation diameter with powder a fluid stream image measuring apparatus (Fig. 8) apart from the variation of powder a fluid stream and the laser and the powder reciprocation diameter of jet expansion different distance.The composition of powder measurement device comprises: narrow slit area source 350 is focused into thin parallel surface light via oval shape mirror 352, perpendicular projection is in the powder a fluid stream 220 of distance jet expansion 24 different distance positions 358, and set up the little burnt digital image capture device 354 of high-resolution by distance jet expansion below 200mm place, intercepting powder a fluid stream image is measured the powder a fluid stream cross-sectional diameter apart from the jet expansion different distance after image is handled.In addition, be projeced into the reaction a fluid stream 360 of powder and laser reciprocation with stronger focusing projection light 356, and via after little burnt digital image capture device 354 captures of the high-resolution of another side, handle measurement powder and laser reciprocation a fluid stream 360 vary in diameter through image, promptly measure the powder a fluid stream and (be called for short the jet expansion distance apart from the nozzle differing heights by above-mentioned powder a fluid stream image measuring apparatus, Stand-off distance is called for short SD) vary in diameter.Carry gas (CG) with above-mentioned powder a fluid stream image measuring apparatus gaging nozzle at (1) powder, (2) powder carries gas to add center gas (CG+COG), (3) powder carries gas, center gas to add dicyclo gas (CG+COG+DSG) effect down, the powder a fluid stream diameter and the jet expansion diameter (D of different spray nozzles outlet distance
p/ D
n) ratio relation, as shown in Figure 9.Be presented under powder feeding air-flow, central gas stream and the effect of dicyclo air-flow by Fig. 9, powder a fluid stream diameter jet expansion apart from 25mm in, its D
p/ D
nRatio is less than 1, and its d/D (coating melt pool diameter/powder a fluid stream diameter) ratio increases by being changed near 1 less than 1 with the distance nozzle distance, promptly powder a fluid stream diameter is little or near equating than coating melt pool diameter behind dicyclo gas Shu Zuoyong, the powder a fluid stream centrality of laser nozzle of the present invention has excellence that hence one can see that.Through laser and the test of powder reciprocation, handle measurement mechanism with image and measure D again
p/ D
S1(powder a fluid stream diameter/laser and powder effect and his like beam diameter) ratio with apart from the relation of jet expansion distance, as shown in figure 10, jet expansion apart from 25mm in, its D
p/ D
S1Ratio after tested the result by greater than 1 be changed near 1 with less than 1, promptly powder a fluid stream diameter is by greater than becoming close or being slightly smaller than the laser beam axis diameter.Show thus the present invention coaxial-type multifunction laser nozzle its carry out coating processing or three-dimensional rapid forming, nozzle can be adjusted assembly 33 by nozzle location with respect to the focal position of laser adjustment and adjust, scope is positive and negative 15mm.Show to use the present invention's multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle via The above results, the powder a fluid stream of concentrating is laser beam from the nozzle outlet and covers, so powder is also more than length and powder melts amount with the laser beam interaction time.
Aspect laser coating processing, multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle with the present invention, carry out the laser coating of different capacity and sweep speed and handle test, coating is handled testing laser power based on 1KW, and laser scanning speed is respectively 300mm/min. and 180mm/min. is a benchmark.304 stainless steel test pieces (thick 1mm) are adopted in the coating test piece, test piece coating measuring distance 200mm, the coating powder uses IN625 powder (granularity 45 μ m to 90 μ m), powder is sent into multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle through carrying gas (carrier gas) by fluid-type powder feeding machine, through the coating test result as shown in figure 11, different walking speeds and the variation of its deposition efficiency under the nozzle different distance, generally speaking its deposition efficiency mean value is higher than more than 50%, and is the highest even can reach 70%.
Aspect the three-dimensional test, multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle with the present invention is tested, test used powder and be H13 mould steel powder (particle size range 45 μ m to 75 μ m), shaped region is 60mm * 25mm, per pass built-up welding width 3mm, shaping welding bead overlapping 1.2mm, every layer of shaping built-up welding thickness 0.67mm, through shaping built-up welding 15 layer thickness 10.05mm, powder feeding rate 7.86g/min., shaping deposition efficiency via weight change and the spent Time Calculation of forming process nozzle of the present invention before and after the 3D shaping test piece shaping is 74%, far above its three-dimensional deposition efficiency 43.7% of coaxial-type metal accumulation nozzle (U.S. Pat 6534745 B1) of people's development such as Mathew.
Aspect the powder welding, use the powder welding of multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle in 2205 stainless steels, thickness of slab is that the 2205 stainless steel test pieces of 3mm are with 3.5 to 3KW laser powers, walking speed 1100 to 700mm/min. carries out coaxial powder-feeding and walks to weld laser weld substantially, the relative focal position of laser of jet expansion is overfocus (over focus) 15mm, central gas is with helium or nitrogen, its flow about 15 is to 20LPM, cooperating an amount of pure nickel powder of interpolation to carry out the powder welding (decides on the welding thickness of slab, its addition is about 1 to 15g/min), powder feeding welding back is measured ferrite content at the welding bead of different condition test piece with ferrite content measuring instrument (Ferrite Scope), making welding bead ferrite/austenite phase ratio is 1, improve the corrosion stability of welding bead, impact flexibility and ductility, can significantly improve general laser or electron beam welding, produce excessive ferrite at welding bead, and reduce the problems such as impact flexibility of welding bead.The motive cooperated interpolation pure nickel powder to carry out the cross section macroscopic metallograph of 2205 powder of stainless steel welding welding bead with helium among Figure 12 (a) was depicted as multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle, among the figure as can be known key eyelet welding termination process absorb partly laser weld energy because of the interpolation of powder, and make the goblet shape that is shaped as of welding bead.If only carry out the welding bead cross section metallographic structure (Figure 12 (b)) that the key eyelet welding connects, show that welding bead produces excessive ferritic phase with laser beam.Use the welding bead cross section optics metallographic (Figure 12 (c)) that nozzle of the present invention cooperates the interpolation pure nickel powder to carry out the powder welding of key hole, show and use nozzle of the present invention to add via nickel powder, laminar flow effect via dicyclo gas bundle and central gas bundle causes the powder centrality, ferrite/austenite ratio is 1, can improve the welding bead characteristic of two phase stainless steel to change welding bead.
More than disclosed only for the present invention's application example; be not the range of application in order to qualification the present invention, any also moving and improvement is under the essence spirit that does not break away from the present invention; the scope of application that all should belong to the present invention, thus the present invention's protection domain with claims the person of being defined be as the criterion.
Claims (10)
1. multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle is characterized in that including:
(1) nozzle location is adjusted assembly, can adjust the nozzle high and low position and make the focusing focus of laser be positioned at nozzle interior or outside, is positioned at the nozzle arrangements top; And
(2) have the nozzle arrangements that dicyclo gas and central gas produce laminar flow formula gas bundle, in nozzle, produce laminar flow formula gas Shu Zuoyong with dicyclo gas and central gas, wherein, interior ring gas be exported to outer shroud gas outlet in the vertical distance range of nozzle centerline greater than 0,
The said nozzle position is adjusted assembly and is had the nozzle arrangements that dicyclo gas and central gas produce laminar flow formula gas bundle and belong to coaxial structure, can implement high-effect more than function Laser Processing application.
2. multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this nozzle arrangements, include: nozzle microscope base and exterior line inlet distribution component, be connect nozzle location adjust assembly, support and fixedly the insulation blocking eyeglass, distribute and be connected powder runner inlet, central gas runner inlet, ring flow channel and enter the mouth, protect flow channel to enter the mouth and nozzle water-cooled runner; The powder runner is to carry powder to enter nozzle and be distributed in the powder runner and the passage of powder runner exit with gas; Dicyclo gas bundle laminar flow generation device and runner, be ring flow channel inlet pilot gas above nozzle microscope base and exterior line intake assembly, ring gas and outer shroud gas in this gas barrier being divided into outer gas hood assembly (24) arrangement via interior ring gas tread assembly (26), outer shroud gas tread assembly (30), interior ring gas-bearing formation stream runner (313); Central gas laminar flow generation device and runner, for entering the mouth direct central gas through central gas laminar flow runner from nozzle microscope base and exterior line intake assembly top central gas runner, wherein, this central gas laminar flow runner is positioned at central gas runner inlet (49) end; And the protection flow channel, guiding protective gas enters nozzle, forms the protection flow channel via exterior line intake assembly and outer gas hood assembly.
3. as the multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that ring gas-bearing formation stream runner is fluting or the hole on the outer shroud gas tread assembly in this, its quantity comprises more than one.
4. as the multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that ring gas-bearing formation stream runner also comprises several holes or the plane clearance by screw thread constitutes in this.
5. as the multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that this central gas laminar flow runner also comprises several holes or the plane clearance by screw thread constitutes.
6. as the multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that powder runner exit and jet expansion horizontal plane angle scope are that 61 degree are to 89 degree.
7. as the multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that, within the ring flow channel ring gas outlet and jet expansion horizontal plane angle scope be 40 degree to 85 degree, the outlet of ring gas is that 20 degree are to 80 degree with jet expansion horizontal plane angle scope outside the ring flow channel.
8. multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein, nozzle location is adjusted assembly and is adjusted the nozzle high and low position, is meant that nozzle is positive and negative 15mm with respect to the scope of focal position adjustment.
9. as the multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle as described in each in the claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that also including: one group of above nozzle outer cover cooling water channel assembly, its assembly places in the nozzle outer cover; And have nozzle outer cover and the nozzle body assembly that the surface sprays heat insulating coating, can in hot environment, implement high-effect more than the function Laser Processing use.
10. as the multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle as described in the claim 9, it is characterized in that the surfacing heat insulating coating comprises interlayer (Bond coats) and surface layer (Top coats); Above-mentioned interlayer can be MCrAlY or nickel aluminium powder material, and interlayer surfacing thickness can be between 50 to 250 μ m; Above-mentioned surface layer is for containing 6 to 8%Y
2O
3Zirconium oxide powder or have the ceramic powders of thermal insulation, surface layer surfacing thickness can make surfacing heat insulating coating structure have the high temperature insulating characteristic between 100 to 400 μ m.
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| CNB2004100964465A CN100512977C (en) | 2004-12-01 | 2004-12-01 | Multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle |
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| CNB2004100964465A CN100512977C (en) | 2004-12-01 | 2004-12-01 | Multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle |
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| CN1781611A true CN1781611A (en) | 2006-06-07 |
| CN100512977C CN100512977C (en) | 2009-07-15 |
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