CN1778054B - Forward link repeater delay watermarking system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a forward link repeater frequency watermarking (FLRFWM) system and method that enable accurate position location of mobile stations in areas where repeaters are present by watermarking repeated signals with repeater information. A repeater watermarks a forward link signal with a (unique or non-unique) fast frequency modulation waveform watermark every time a signal passes through the repeater. A mobile station detects and/or identifies the fast frequency watermark on the forward link signal to determine repeater information that aids the network position determination entity or mobile station position location system in determining position location using AFLT and/or A-GPS systems. A forward link fast frequency watermarking system described herein achieves minimal impact on FL, AFLT, and GPS performance, good detection, identification and false alarm probabilities, short time-to-detect/identify, and good detection/identification sensitivity.

Description

Forward link repeater delay watermarking system

The cross reference of related application

The application requires to submit on February 24th, 2003, the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/449 that is entitled as forward link repeater frequency watermarking scheme (FORWARD LINK REPEATER FREQUENCY WATERMARKINGSCHEME), 774 priority, its full content is incorporated the present invention into by reference.

Technical field

The present invention relates to use wireless signal to determine the location positioning system of the position of an electronic mobile apparatus.

Background technology

The existing network that uses a satellite in the earth orbit that a known time transmits based on the location positioning technology of GPS.The time of advent of a GPS receiver measuring-signal on the ground, every aerial satellite of sky that these signals can " be seen " from it.Be used for the position of GPS receiver triangulated together with the exact position of satellite and the signal precise time from every satellites transmits the time of advent of signal.GPS receiver needs four satellites carrying out a triangulation, and when can detected number of satellite increasing, location positioning result's performance can improve.

If the satellite that can find has only three (or still less), determine just a problem to occur based on the position of GPS, in the case (and lack other supplementary) positioning GPS receiver accurately.For example, if being subjected to obstacle (for example, being deep into the inside of a cement works thing), the sky visual field of GPS receiver just possibly can't obtain enough GPS measurements to determine the position of receiver.

For a wireless communication receiver (being travelling carriage), the purpose that existing base station radio network can be used to locate with the similar mode of the gps satellite network that is used for the GPS receiver.Theoretically, the precise time of the exact position of each base station, base station and base station signal can be used to the position of travelling carriage is triangulated in the time of advent of a travelling carriage (for example, cell phone).This technology is called advanced forward link triangle location (AFLT).

The AFLT method can independently be used for the location positioning purpose; As selection, for strengthening the performance of a gps system, the existing wireless communication base stations network can be used as one second " satellite " network, is used to have (that is the device that, comprises GPS and two kinds of receivers of radio communication) location positioning purpose of the travelling carriage of GPS function.The AFLT technology is called as with the combination of GPS algorithm and mixes or assistant GPS (A-GPS).

AFLT is a kind of method that is used for determining a location of mobile station, and it utilizes each all to launch a plurality of wireless communications network base stations of a unique pilot signal.The AFLT method comprises carries out a plurality of DATA REASONING to each the pilot signal from a plurality of base stations.Each DATA REASONING comprises the earliest arrival time of estimating each pilot signal.In some embodiments, DATA REASONING comprises further that to the energy measurement in all distinguishable paths of pilot signal (for example Ec/Io) RMSE estimates, the Measuring Time of each time of advent.

Can be used for determining the position of travelling carriage separately by the DATA REASONING of AFLT algorithm acquisition, as selection, the one or more positions that can be used for determining travelling carriage of representational AFLT measured value with representational GPS measured value. in some embodiments, travelling carriage comprises a cell phone and method, and this method further is included in to obtain and cell phone wirelessly is connected to one of cellular basestation before the data; The base station provides a cell search list of all cellular basestations in the zone that can carry out DATA REASONING to cell phone. comprising in the execution mode of a gps system, a base station also can provide a GPS search listing, be used for shortening travelling carriage and carry out the time that the GPS search needs, thereby shorten positioning time.

In practice, for the location positioning purpose, AFLT (comprising A-GPS) is verified can only to obtain limited success, in part because the repeater that adopts in wireless network causes uncertain about pilot signal transmission point.In other words, travelling carriage can't distinguish that usually the signal of a reception is from donor base station transceiver station (BTS) or from repeater.In the case, AFLT measures and can not be used for accurately determining the position, because do not know the launch point (for example, not knowing whether it is directly from alms giver BTS emission or through a repeater relaying) of pilot signal.In addition, repeater also has inner time delay, typical scope be from hundreds of nanosecond to tens microseconds, cause potentially the location positioning error range be about from 24.4 meters (for 100 nanoseconds) to 2.44 kilometers (for 10 microseconds).

A kind of suggested solution of the position problem identificatioin when repeater is arranged is as long as travelling carriage is positioned at a zone that has repeater, refuses all AFLT simply and measures.Yet this solution is got rid of the AFLT location positioning in these zones fully, as long as there is repeater simultaneously, just stop the use of any AFLT part of A-GPS, so just reduce the availability and the success rate of location positioning, increased the GPS search window, caused long positioning time.

For helping the position to determine, suggestion is introduced signature at reverse link, as U.S. Patent No. 6,501, described in 955.Unfortunately, as if the RL signature has only limited help for alleviating the influence of repeater on location positioning, carries out location positioning because travelling carriage uses from the AFLT measurement of forward link (rather than reverse link).As if will follow reverse link (that is, by same repeater) from travelling carriage owing to can not guarantee to return the forward link of travelling carriage, and be the purpose of location positioning, it is not optimal that the reverse link signature is used to discern repeater information.The suggestion of introducing signature on the FL signal is also arranged,, described in 955, but also do not develop actual solution such as U.S. Patent No. 6,501.

Summary of the invention

Disclose a kind of forward link repeater delay watermarking (FLRDWM) system and method, can exist the zone of repeater interior therein by determining to repeating signal embedding repeater information watermark realization position.This FLRDWM system comprises a repeater, and when a FL signal passed through this repeater, this repeater was that a FL signal is watermarked with a time delay modulation waveform, and a travelling carriage, its detection and Identification time delay modulation waveform.Delay watermarking comprises repeater information, and this information can be used for wherein existing the zone of repeater to use AFLT and/or A-GPS location positioning system to determine the position of travelling carriage at one.Repeater information can indicate this signal through relaying simply, or can discern the repeater of FL signal by wherein uniquely.This watermark is embedded in and makes it possible on the FL signal repeater shielding is carried out in each AFLT measurement, thereby is used for location positioning.Forward link repeater delay watermarking described here (FLRDWM) system can be implemented as to FL and AFLT Effect on Performance lower, favourable detection and Identification probability, short detection/recognition time and good detection/recognition sensitivity.

A kind of method that is used for determining in the FLRDWM system position of a travelling carriage is disclosed.This method becomes the forward link signal of retardation element modulation by a repeater during at first with one, to embed the repeater information watermark thereon.In some embodiments, all repeaters become time delay wave when same and modulate the FL signal, thereby are merely able to detect repeater in travelling carriage, determine just promptly whether the FL signal passes through relaying.In other execution mode, each repeater becomes the FL signal that the time delay wave modulation receives with one when unique, thereby allows at travelling carriage place detection and Identification repeater, determines promptly whether the FL signal passes through relaying, if determine which repeater signal comes from.

Travelling carriage receives the FL signal, carry out that AFLT search is measured with the pilot phase that obtains this signal and be the time delay of this signal estimation with respect to the time. in some embodiments, intensity according to the FL pilot signal, use rake to refer to that TTL and/or a repeater searcher are in the time delay estimation of carrying out on the forward link signal with respect to the time. in these execution modes, use rake to refer to that it is to carry out concurrently with the AFLT search that TTL carries out with respect to the advantage that the time delay of time is estimated, rather than as the repeater searcher, carry out (promptly serially, after AFLT search). therefore, the time delay with respect to the time of using the repeater searcher to implement is estimated to have increased the detection/recognition time with only using comparing that the TTL rake refers to. and the FL pilot signal that refers to TTL based on rake is well-suited for the communication objective the strongest reception FL pilot signal of distributing to travelling carriage most with respect to the time delay estimation of time; The repeater searcher be suitable for most by the AFLT searching and detecting to more weak FL pilot signal.

Then, the time delay with respect to the time that response is estimated on the FL signal, the repeater identification system in the travelling carriage are carried out repeater identification to detect and/or to discern a watermark on the FL signal.This repeater identification system detects the FL signal of a relaying simply by the existence of a delay watermarking of search, for example relevant with all possible repeater delay watermarking to determine whether this FL signal passes through relaying by the signal time delay with respect to the time that will estimate.Except that the signal time delay with respect to the time that will estimate was relevant with all possible repeater delay watermarking, this repeater identification system also can discern a repeater I D on the FL signal, for example, caused best being correlated with by the watermark of identification repeater.

Travelling carriage determines whether to obtain enough forward link pilot phase measurements through the repeater shielding and is used for the position and determines then.If not obtaining enough forward link pilot phase measurements through the repeater shielding is used for the position and determines, by estimating one with respect to the signal time delay of time with carry out repeater identification, any remaining from the AFLT searching and detecting to forward link pilot signal can be shielded by repeater, be used for the position and determine up to obtaining enough forward link pilot phase measurements through the repeater shielding.Be identified as through removing delay watermarking the FL signal of relaying from all, measure together with repeater information through the pilot phase of overcorrect and offer one of position determination system and position determination entity together to determine the position of described travelling carriage.

The repeater information that obtains in the repeater identification process comprises the indication pilot signal at least whether successfully through the repeater shielding, if whether pilot signal passes through relayed information.In one embodiment, whether repeater information only comprises pilot signal successfully through the repeater shielding, if, whether this signal passes through the indication of relaying, and so location of mobile station determines that system or network site determine that entity can be by getting rid of from the pilot signal of relaying and determining the position of travelling carriage from the measurement of the pilot signal of any not successful implementation repeater shielding.In other execution mode, if present, the repeater search is repeater ID of identification from watermark.In this execution mode, obtain by the repeater identification system, and provide it to location of mobile station and determine that system or network site determine that the repeater information of entity also comprises the repeater ID that is identified as through each pilot signal of relaying, this allows to use the signal measurement through relaying in location of mobile station calculates.

Use A-GPS to determine in the execution mode of position at some, before the underway device search that continues, implement a GPS search.If obtain that enough GPS measures and pilot phase measurements of TTL repeater shielding is used for the position and determines, for minimizing can be omitted repeater search positioning time.

Description of drawings

For understanding the present invention more all sidedly, with reference now to the following detailed description of execution mode illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a panorama sketch, comprises a plurality of wireless communications network base stations, has a user of building, gps satellite and a hand-held travelling carriage of a repeater thereon;

Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic sketch of an exemplary cellular basestation overlay area structure;

Fig. 3 is the block diagram of a forward link repeater delay watermarking (FLRDWM) system, and this system comprises a base transceiver station (BTS), repeater and a travelling carriage (MS);

Fig. 4 is a curve chart that shows a binary coding modulation waveform, its for can by the time become retardation element (Fig. 3) and utilize, be an embodiment of the watermarked waveform of FL signal;

Fig. 5 is one and shows a curve chart that utilizes senary to be encoded to an embodiment of the watermarked modulation waveform of FL signal;

Fig. 6 is one and combines radio communication and location determination capabilities, and comprises the block diagram of an execution mode of the travelling carriage of a repeater identification system;

Fig. 7 is a flow chart that shows two core procedures that relate in the shielding of FL signal repeater;

Fig. 8 is a flow chart that shows the illustrative embodiments of the activation FL signal repeater shielding of using TTL;

Fig. 9 is a flow chart that shows another illustrative embodiments of the FL signal repeater shielding of using the repeater searcher;

Figure 10 is a flow chart that shows an embodiment of the method for utilizing the enough measurements of repeater shielding measurement acquisition to be used for location positioning; And

Figure 11 is the flow chart of an embodiment of a method that shows in the cellular coverage that has repeater therein the position of using AFLT or A-GPS system to determine travelling carriage.

Embodiment

Present invention is described below with reference to accompanying drawing, and wherein identical reference number is represented same or analogous element.

Term and list of abbreviations

Following term and abbreviation are through following detailed description:

AFLT advanced forward link triangle location.A kind of use moving table measuring

The nothing from base station (and optional other land surveyings)

The location technology of the time of advent of the line signal of telecommunication.

The part of AFLT searcher travelling carriage, search is from surveying each base in the scope

The pilot signal of standing.

The A-GPS agps system.A kind of based on the GPS pseudo range measurement

Location technology, but it uses AFLT or similar based on BTS's

The location positioning technology comes aided location to determine.

Unit that communicates with travelling carriage, base station, for example a base station

Can comprise base transceiver station (BTS), mobile switching centre

(MSC), mobile positioning center (MPC), the position is determined real

Body (PDE) and network connect any interconnecting function that needs

(IWF)

The BTS base transceiver station.One is used for fixing with mobile communications

Stand, it comprises the sky that is used to transmit and receive wireless communication signals

Line.

The C/A sign indicating number is thick/catch code.By the periodic sequence of gps satellite emission, use

Discern emission gps satellite and measurement gps satellite from observation

Pseudorange to a GPS receiver.

The CDMA code division multiple access.A kind of large capacity digital wireless technology.

The CSM cell site modem.The core that is used for wireless base station device

The sheet group.

A bit in chip (PN) the PN sequence, the PN spreading rate is

1.2288Mcps。

The FL forward link.(BTS) is to the biography of travelling carriage (MS) from the base station

Defeated.

Rake refers to that (Finger) distributes to single received signal in Rake (rake) receiver

The slave receiver in path.

The GSM global system for mobile communications.

The MS travelling carriage.Be used for describing a user mobile phone or wireless terminal

Term.

MSM travelling carriage modulator-demodulator.

The PCS personal communication service.All operate in 1.8 to the 2.0GHz scope

Interior digital cellular transmission.

The PDE position determination entity.The network entity of management location of mobile station.

Current lead related of distributing to travelling carriage of pilot set (activation) with forward traffic channel

The frequency signal.They are to be received from home base stations by travelling carriage

Strong pilot signal and same pilot signal many typically

Individual path.

All pilot signals that pilot set (candidate) can be seen by travelling carriage are by travelling carriage

Its intensity of measuring surpasses " aerial download (over-the-air) "

Given thresholding.

Pilot set (neighbours) is by near all pilot signals of the base station this base station.

The aerogram that pilot signal receives from the home base stations that is identified as this base station

Number.

PN sign indicating number Pseudo-Random Noise Code.Some sequence by a BTS emission is used

Be used as the identifier an of sub-district (or a cell sector),

Be used for spread spectrum and scrambling voice and transfer of data.The PN sign indicating number also is used for

Determine pseudorange from the BTS of observation to travelling carriage.

The PPM pilot phase is measured.The pilot signal that from the AFLT search, obtains

Measurement, comprise the measurement of PN sign indicating number skew.

The PRM pseudo range measurement.Gps satellite from a gps satellite search

Signal measurement comprises the measurement of C/A sign indicating number skew.

One of repeater receives, amplifies between a BTS and a travelling carriage

With the device of transmitting a radio signal.

The RL reverse link.From a travelling carriage (MS) to a base station (BTS)

Transmission.

The RMSE root-mean-square deviation.The RMSE valuation provides based on being used for reporting the pilot tone phase

The Measurement Uncertainty of the channel strength of position.

The SNR signal to noise ratio

The TTL time tracking loops.The part of travelling carriage is for activating pilot tone

When the inner rake of signal correction is specified, to respond owing to travelling carriage fortune

The FL signal timing deviation of moving and measuring, thus can be accurate

Ground demodulation FL signal.

Argument table

Following variable is through following detailed description:

T _SequenceThe duration of symbol sebolic addressing.

T _SymbolThe duration of symbol.

The amplitude of A time delay (for example, symbol)

Environment

Fig. 1 is a panorama sketch, comprises a plurality of base transceiver stations (BTS) 10, has 16 building 14, gps satellite 18 and users 20 that hand travelling carriages 22 thereon of a repeater.

BTS 10 comprises the set of any base station, and wherein said base station is used for connecting a travelling carriage as the part of a cordless communication network.BTS typically provides communication service to allow one to be connected to another phone such as wireless telephonic travelling carriage by a cordless communication network 12; Yet a BTS can also be used for the purpose of other devices and/or other radio communications, for example with the Internet connection of a handheld personal digital assistants (PDA).

In one embodiment, each BTS 10 is parts of a cdma wireless communication network; Yet in other execution mode, can use the cordless communication network of other types, for example the GSM network.In this execution mode, each BTS periodically launches a pseudo random sequence that identifies itself uniquely.This pseudo random sequence is the bit that a series of receivers can be used for locking.This pseudo random sequence called after " pilot signal " in the CDMA term; But the term pilot signal can be applicable to any wireless communication system as used herein, also comprises cdma system.

Repeater 16 comprises an amplifier and receive and transmit pilot signal between a BTS and a travelling carriage in its citation form.Repeater can be arranged in strategicly whole cellular network those otherwise will find the gap, disturb and the place of faint service, strengthen signal to noise ratio by the pilot signal of amplifying to an additional overlay area from BTS.

Gps satellite 18 comprises the satellite group that any position that is used for a GPS receiver is determined.Satellite sends the radio signal that the GPS receiver can detect continuously, the GPS receiver and is offset up to obtaining relevant the measurement radio signal needed time from the satellite transmission to the receiver with the satellite C/A sign indicating number that is received it in time by carrying out relevantly with gps satellite C/A code book ground copy.Because the propagation velocity of radio signal is known and satellite is all launched their signal synchronously and on each millisecond period ground with " gps time ", so can arrive definite signal of the time that is spent and how far propagate by determining their.To a user who is positioned at open space, the GPS receiver typically has clog-free satellite field of view; Thereby, when the user is in open space, can measure the time of advent of gps signal straight from the shoulder, because be typical directly " sight line " from the satellite to the receiver.But in wireless communications environment, the user may be arranged in the city that building or other barriers are arranged, and this makes the GPS location difficult more.

Fig. 2 shows an exemplary honeycomb BTS overlay area structure.In this exemplary structure, a plurality of hexagon BTS overlay area 24 is against each other with symmetry tiling arrangement mode.Each BTS 10 lays respectively in each BTS overlay area 24 and provides covering for its region.At this is purpose of description especially, and BTS 10a provides covering in the 24a of overlay area, and BTS 10b provides covering in the 24b of overlay area, or the like.

In desirable cellular communications networks, overlay area 24 is arranged to located adjacent one another, when travelling carriage is walked between different overlay areas, covers for it provides continuous honeycomb.Yet there is the gap in most of cellular coverage, disturb and other obstacles, cause the problem that honeycomb covers.For example, as the tunnel, the environment of garage and sports field throws into question to the cellular service.As other example, the covering of keeping the highway of extension and country by BTS is very expensive.Thereby for strengthen or expand the covering of BTS with the cost of the BTS other far below installation, one or more repeaters 16 can be placed in the overlay area.

In one embodiment, repeater 16 comprises that antenna and transceiver are used for sending and received signal between a travelling carriage and BTS, as the more detailed description that will carry out with reference to figure 3.In a simple example, repeater amplifies the signal of reception and with identical frequency it is transmitted.

In Fig. 2, user's 20 hand-held travelling carriages 22 are positioned at the first overlay area 24a.Because from a barrier, such as the interference of a building (not shown), travelling carriage 22 possibly can't receive the pilot signal of sufficient intensity from a BTS 10a.In addition, because distance is far away relatively, travelling carriage 22 possibly can't directly receive the pilot signal of sufficient intensity from the 2nd BTS 10b.But repeater 16b suitably is placed in the 24b of overlay area, makes otherwise the position at travelling carriage 22 places that will face the gap of service can be covered fully.In other words, when a pilot signal when the 2nd BTS 10b launches, it will amplify and be moved platform 22 and receive by repeater 16b.

Travelling carriage 22 has the position location capability of the aforesaid AFLT of comprising, therefore not only can utilize the current pilot signal (for example Active Set) of distributing to this travelling carriage, and other pilot signals outside the Active Set can be used for the purpose of the position of definite this travelling carriage.

In an exemplary realization of using CDMA technology, the pilot signal of travelling carriage search in a neighbor list 29, this tabulation nigh pilot signal tabulation that this travelling carriage can receive of serving as reasons.For example, this neighbor list can be provided by a base station.According to present CDMA standard, some pilot tone in the neighbor list can be included in the Candidate Set 28 (promptly, the pilot signal that can see by a travelling carriage, surpass " the aerial download " given thresholding by its intensity of moving table measuring) or Active Set 27 in (promptly, the current pilot signal relevant of distributing to travelling carriage with forward traffic channel, it is the strongest pilot signal that is received from home base stations by a travelling carriage and a plurality of paths that typically are same pilot signal).

For using AFLT to measure in the position of travelling carriage 22 is determined, pilot signal (no matter concentrating activation, candidate or neighbours) must successfully mask the influence of repeater, if by relaying, travelling carriage must determine signal is from which repeater; In addition, for the AFLT that uses relaying in the location Calculation of position measures, also must know and can obtain the position and the inner time delay of repeater.

As previously mentioned, traditional AFLT and A-GPS navigation system do not detect and/or discern a signal and whether pass through relaying in the travelling carriage, and this makes and can not use the pilot phase measurement to carry out location positioning basically in a zone that has repeater to cover.Be head it off, this openly can for forward link signal embed unique watermark repeater and can detection and Identification one by the travelling carriage of the repeating signal of watermark.Because whether travelling carriage can pass through relaying by signal of detection and Identification, if through relaying, which repeater signal is again from, so can use any FL signal that is received by travelling carriage to determine accurate positional information.

In some implementations, may only need to detect pilot signal and whether pass through relaying, and needn't discern the given trunk device of repeating signal.Disclose a selective execution mode for this purpose, wherein travelling carriage only detects the FL signal and whether passes through relaying (the repeater ID that nonrecognition is unique).Whether pass through relaying because the travelling carriage in this execution mode is merely able to detection signal, thus the pilot signal of all relayings (successfully not masking the pilot signal of repeater) must get rid of determine in the position outside.

Describe

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of realizing the communication system of a FLRDWM system.This communication system comprises 10, repeaters 16 of a base transceiver station (BTS) and a travelling carriage (MS) 22.BTS 10 has one to be used for from the antenna 30 of a forward link pilot signal 31 of its emission.Repeater 16 has one to be used for from first antenna 32 of BTS 10 reception forward link signals 31, an amplifier 33 that is used for amplifying signal, one be used for to the FL signal carry out watermark the time become 34, one system clocks 35 of retardation element and one and be used for to MS 22 emissions by second antenna 36 of the forward link signal 37 of watermark.MS has the device that is used for therefrom continuing to receive by the antenna 38 of the forward link signal 37 of watermark.

BTS 10 can comprise any suitable base station that is used for radio communication.In one embodiment, BTS is arranged for cdma network; Yet in other execution mode, BTS can be implemented as and is used for other cordless communication network, such as TDMA and GSM.Though only show an antenna that is used for transmitting 30, should be appreciated that this BTS has the Typical Disposition of a BTS, comprise one or more transceiver and antennas that are used for transmitting and receiving signal.In a CDMA realized, base was launched when each BTS was synchronized with a system.

Repeater 16 comprises any suitable repeater, and it has an amplifier 33 that is used for amplifying signal of communication; That is, repeater 16 comprise any suitable configuration be used for to receive, amplify and transmit signal of communication from BTS10.In addition, become retardation element 34 when repeater comprises, it is used for is that forward link signal 31 embeds delay watermarkings, as the detailed discussion that will carry out with reference to figure 4 or Fig. 5.Therefore, repeater also comprises a system clock (STC) 35, is used for when time-varying element spare the delay watermarking sequence modulation to the FL signal the time, being finished the time synchronized of this sequence and system time.

In one embodiment, repeater 16 comprises first and second antennas 32,36.First antenna 32 is used for receiving forward link signal 31, the second antennas 36 and is used for outwards transmitting forward link signal 37 from repeater.Become retardation element though it should be noted that repeater among Fig. 3 when only showing an amplifier and one, should be appreciated that repeater 16 is included in the other parts in any suitable configuration; For example, repeater also can comprise transceiver (emittor/receiver), its function for by antenna 32 signal is received into repeater 16 and by antenna 36 from repeater 16 outside forward signals.It should be noted that repeater can comprise optionally configuration; For example, repeater can be connected to BTS by a wired connection.Such embodiment comprises an optical repeater, and it receives a light signal (for example fiber optics), with its amplification (and/or with its reformation shape, when resetting, frequency displacement and otherwise rebuild) and wirelessly it is transmitted (on identical or different frequency).

Become retardation element 34 when repeater 16 comprises, it is used for a delay watermarking, for example with reference to the watermark of figure 4 or Fig. 5 detailed description, is modulated to forward link signal 31.This time to become retardation element be repeating signal into the FL signal is watermarked to discern it, this watermark can comprise a unique encoding sequence, is used for the repeater of identification signal by its transmission.By being that the forward link signal of relaying is watermarked, which pilot tone travelling carriage can determine through relaying, and by utilizing a unique sequence watermarked uniquely for the relaying forward link signal, can discern the repeater of this signal of relaying.By means of this information, use AFLT or other similar location positioning technology can obtain accurate position location information.

Still with reference to figure 3, travelling carriage 22 has an antenna 38, be used for from a BTS and/or repeater receiving communication signal, such as from the embedding of repeater 16 forward link signal 37 of watermark.As the detailed description that will carry out with reference to figure 6 to Fig. 8, MS 22 can detect the delay watermarking on a FL signal, if exist, distinguish signal and whether come from a repeater, and discern which given trunk device in some embodiments and launched this signal, thereby, can finish accurate AFLT measurement and make them can be used in location positioning and calculate as the description of other parts herein.

Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show two exemplary time delay modulation waveforms, this waveform can be used to into the FL signal watermarked.In Figure 4 and 5, transverse axis is represented the time (t), and longitudinal axis representative is according to the amplitude (D) of the time delay modulation waveform of system clock measurement.Thereby these figure have described function D (t), and promptly the time delay modulation waveform is with respect to the time.

Fig. 4 shows the embodiment of a delay watermarking, and wherein repeater information is encoded to a binary symbol sequence.To describe in detail as this paper, in Fig. 4, this binary character have triangular shaped and peak amplitude for+A or-A.Fig. 5 shows the embodiment of another watermark, wherein uses a senary symbol sebolic addressing that repeater information is encoded in the watermark, comprises the triangular shaped of one or more each symbol of formation, will describe in detail as this paper.

Except that the delay watermarking shown in Figure 4 and 5, should be noted that various waveform can be used to provide time delay with triangular shaped waveform; For example, can use ladder, sine and/or ramp waveform.

In one embodiment, waveform D (t) can be further designed to and be different from abiogenous phenomenon, usually this phenomenon occurs and be since the motion of travelling carriage (for example, sign indicating number Doppler (code Doppler) and multipath (fat path)), and realize that this difference is by differently time delay wave being encoded in the path in the individual received signal of N (wherein N is an integer, for example 2).In this execution mode, repeater element 34 (Fig. 3) can comprise that N delay cell (for example 2) is used for a plurality of time delay wave D1 (t), D2 (t) ..., DN (t) time modulates the FL signal of reception and before transmitting the FL signals by antenna 36, they is carried out addition.In the case, because D (t)=D1 (t)+D2 (t)+...+DN (t) requirement of single time delay wave has just been loosened, or as selecting, the probability that detects in travelling carriage has increased.It should be noted that to obtaining the detection probability of an expectation, need extra resource (being that N-1 extra rake refers to) in the travelling carriage.

In addition, any M scale coding scheme (wherein M is an integer) can be used for the repeater information of encoding on the FL signal, come symbol sebolic addressing is encoded as selecting to implement multiple other encoding scheme, for example the time delay wave of PSK encoding scheme (for example BPSK, QPSK etc.) or one-period is with the frequency of this time delay wave repeater ID that encodes thereon.

In the execution mode that only needs detection repeater signal (promptly not requiring the repeater ID that identification is unique), whether travelling carriage detection signal simply passes through relaying, without the repeater of identification signal by its transmission.In the case, because the existence of watermark only shows simply that pilot signal through relaying, does not need extra information, distribute same watermark so can be all repeaters.But, need in the execution mode of the repeating signal of detection and Identification simultaneously at other, unique repeater ID at each repeater can be coded in each watermark, makes travelling carriage not only can detect the existence of watermark like this, and can discern the repeater of relaying FL signal.

With reference now to Fig. 4,, it shows an embodiment of watermark 40, and when signal passed through repeater, this watermark can be modulated on the FL signal.The curve of Fig. 4 has been described the symbol sebolic addressing by the time delay that is changed to the function of time (D) formation, and wherein A is the peak amplitude of time delay.Especially, watermark 40 comprises 5 modulation symbol 42a, 42b, and 42c, the sequence of 42d and 42e, it forms sequence 44, and this sequence is discerned the repeater of relaying FL signal uniquely.In the embodiment of Fig. 4, each symbol has a subtriangular shape, its peak value or define by the definition of positive time delay+A or by negative time delay-A.In Fig. 4, use a simple binary coding scheme, become time delay when wherein symbol " 0 " is encoded to such one, it comprises from 0 44 to the acclivity of positive peak 45 and the decline slope from positive peak 45 to 0 46 of following, and symbol " 1 " is encoded to from 0 46 to the decline slope of negative peak 47 and the acclivity from negative peak 47 to 0 48 of following.

In the execution mode of Fig. 4, watermark 40 comprises one 5 symbol binary sequence, and it allows 2 ⁵Individual (promptly 32) possible binary sequence, 32 possible repeater ID like this can encode.Obviously can use any n symbol binary sequence (wherein n is integer); In other words, the quantity n of the symbol of definition watermark can increase or reduce, and this will correspondingly increase or reduce the quantity of the repeater ID that supports because possible watermark number equals 2 in this execution mode ⁿYet according to realization, the increase of the symbol quantity of definition watermark or minimizing can increase respectively or reduce detection time.

It should be noted that the triangle symbol in Fig. 4 has the gradient of an approximate constant (rate of change that is time delay is a constant) or is+2A/T _SymbolOr be-2A/T _SymbolFor example, in a realization of the execution mode of Fig. 4, the duration T of each symbol 42 _SymbolBe about one second, the maximum delay amplitude is about 1.5 chips, so the slope on each slope is about 3 chips/per second. for one 5 symbol watermark, in this implementation, the duration T of sequence _SequenceTo be about five seconds.

In any specific realization, time delay modulation waveform D (t) and its characteristic, for example symbol duration T _Symbol, amplitude A and in the sequence duration T _SequenceThree conditions are satisfied in the selection of interior amplitude peak: to the influence of FL performance minimum, and the repeater detection/recognition probability of maximum and minimum detection/recognition time in travelling carriage.For example, be maximization repeater detection/recognition probability in travelling carriage, the amplitude of time delay wave, its slope, with and the duration should be up to and delay watermarking can be different from because the abiogenous time that travelling carriage causes changes.

In such embodiment, the maximum code Doppler that the sequence in watermark took place in the duration is considered in the selection of amplitude, the timing jitter of time tracking loops and occur in shake in the received signal peak (because existence of multipath (fatpath)), all considerations all help the detection probability at the travelling carriage place.So, suppose that the sign indicating number Doppler speed of worst case is 0.5 chips/sec, the standard deviation of time tracking loops is 0.0375 chip and because the variation of the received signal peak value that the multipath (fat path) of a chip causes, at symbol duration T _SymbolWhen being 0.5 second, the amplitude A of symbol 42 can be designed as has 1.3625 chips at least.It should be noted that modulation symbol should have additional characteristic so that it is different from abiogenous phenomenon (for example it should be made up of triangular waveform, and not only is the slope) so if result's slope and amplitude are big not a lot of than this.For restriction may be to any influence of FL performance, delay watermarking must minimum level ground reduces the SNR (for example average the reduction is no more than 0.2dB in cdma system) of FL signal, minimum level ground increases that rake refers to heavily to distribute or the PN that separates apportionment ratio and minimum level ground and increase relaying drops on outside the search box size (for example among IS-98A/B in cdma system and the IS-2000 defined), thereby has reduced the probability of FL measurement productive rate.These requirements will be exerted one's influence to the type of modulation waveform (for example slope, ladder, triangle etc.), set maximum admissible mark slope and amplitude (for example A among Fig. 4 and 2A/T _SymbolAnd 2A among Fig. 5 and 4A/T _Symbol) the upper limit and in the sequence duration T _SequenceThe interior maximum peak to peak that allows changes the upper limit of (for example 2A among Fig. 4 and the 4A among Fig. 5), to limit the permission type of modulation symbol and encoding scheme.At last, for the detection/recognition time is minimized, should select to satisfy the symbol duration T of the minimum of all requirements previously discussed _Symbol

With reference now to Fig. 5,, wherein show another embodiment of watermark 50, when signal passed through repeater, this watermark can be modulated on the FL signal.It is the symbol sebolic addressing of time delay (D) formation of the function of time by variation that the curve of Fig. 5 has been described one, and wherein 2A is the peak amplitude of time delay.Especially, watermark 50 comprises 6 modulation symbol 54a, 54b, and 54c, 54d, the sequence of 54e and 54f, it forms sequence 56, and this sequence is discerned the repeater of relaying FL signal uniquely.In the embodiment of this 6 scale coding, acclivity can comprise one 1/4th symbol duration 52 the slope (for example symbol " 0 " from zero to+A) or the slope of 1/2nd symbol durations 53 (for example symbol " 4 " from zero to+2A), the decline slope can comprise the slope (for example at symbol " 0 " from+A to zero) of 1/4th symbol durations 52 or the slope of 1/2nd symbol durations 53 (for example at symbol " 4 " from+2A to zero).Therefore, complete symbol duration T _SymbolComprise the combination on acclivity and decline slope, form one or more aforesaid, with reference to the triangle shown in the figure 5.

In the execution mode of Fig. 5, watermark 50 comprises one 6 symbol senary sequence, and it allows 6 ⁶Individual (promptly 46656) possible watermark, 46656 possible repeater ID like this can encode.Obviously can use any n symbol senary sequence (wherein n is integer); In other words, the quantity n of the symbol of definition watermark can increase or reduce, and this will correspondingly increase or reduce the quantity of the repeater ID that supports because possible watermark number equals 6 in this execution mode ⁿYet according to realization, the increase of the symbol quantity (n) of definition watermark or minimizing can increase respectively or reduce detection time.

The use binary coding of comparison diagram 4 generates the execution mode of watermark, the symbol duration T of this senary coding in Fig. 5 _SymbolChange the twice that is about in the binary coding with greatest gradient, each symbol has six possible values, rather than as only two possible values in the above-mentioned binary coding execution mode. be similar to the watermark as shown in Fig. 4, the maximum of watermark amplitude changes the quantity n that is independent of the symbol in the sequence in this execution mode, but present amplitude can be to double execution mode among Fig. 4 (for example ± 2A=± 3 chip). for the same sequence duration, the number of unique sequence of being supported by senary coding is much higher than the quantity of binary coding scheme. for example, for a duration be four seconds two symbol senary sequences, the symbol sebolic addressing number of support is 6 ²=36, thereby 36 unique watermarks are arranged, for the duration be six seconds three symbol senary sequences, the symbol sebolic addressing number of support is 6 ³=216, thereby 216 unique watermarks are arranged.Similarly, in the exemplary realization of the six symbol senary sequences of Fig. 5, can use 6 ⁶Repeater is discerned in=46656 unique watermarks.

It is favourable having many reasons to make the watermark of describing with reference to Figure 4 and 5.For example, the triangular waveform of employed symbol selection (for example not selecting the slope) causes harrowing the zero clean drift (zero net drift) that refers to the position in the execution mode of Figure 4 and 5; In other words, all sign-on and end at zero.Zero clean drift position permission is carried out with respect to the accurate estimation of the signal time delay of time and is influenced the productive rate that forward link is measured minimumly at the travelling carriage place.In addition, the triangular shaped waveform of the formation watermark of Figure 4 and 5 is favourable at least in part because its characteristic makes it be different from abiogenous phenomenon, and higher repeater detection/recognition probability is consequently arranged.In addition, the slope on slope can be designed as the slope greater than the natural occurring phenomenon; In other words, bigger slope allows at the travelling carriage place bigger watermark detection probability is arranged, because it is different from the time delay that takes place at random that other sources cause.The established standards of the upper limit of slope slope can be maximum referring to separate to the influence of forward link SNR or to the rake of FL signal minimum influence and distributing or heavy apportionment ratio of allowing.

Though it should be noted that at this to have provided some examples of realizing in cdma system, the time delay modulation can realize in various wireless communication systems, such as TDMA and GSM.

Travelling carriage

Fig. 6 is one and combines AFLT and based on the block diagram of an execution mode of the travelling carriage 22 of the location determination capabilities of GPS, it comprises a repeater identification system, can detect a watermark (if promptly this signal is through relaying) on the FL signal.If detect a watermark on a FL signal, travelling carriage also can be from this watermarked relaying FL signal extraction outgoing trunk circuit id information.Though it should be noted that the execution mode of Fig. 6 uses GPS and/or AFLT to carry out the position simultaneously and determines that alternative execution mode can only use AFLT.

In Fig. 6, a wireless communication system 59 is connected to an antenna 58.In one embodiment, this wireless communication system 59 comprises the suitable and cdma communication system that cdma wireless BTS network communicates; Yet in other embodiments, this wireless communication system can comprise the network of other types, such as TDMA and GSM.This wireless communication system 59 comprises proper device, hardware and software is used for communicating by letter with a BTS and/or detects signal from a BTS, comprises that a receiver 60 that is used to receive the FL signal and one set up and keep the time tracking loops (TTL) 61 of appropriate timing for forward link signal.

The initial processing that this receiver 60 receives the FL signal and this FL signal is provided.In one embodiment, receiver 60 can be a Rake type receiver, has a plurality of rakes that are used for receiving in parallel a plurality of pilot signals to refer to.It should be noted that in some design, can optionally provide other receiver with the picked up signal diversity.

Time tracking loops (TTL) 61 realizes in each rake of travelling carriage refers to and comprises that a time delay estimator (TDE) 62 is used for estimating the time delay of FL signal with respect to the time. when this TTL uses the time delay of being estimated by TDE to proofread and correct inner rake to specify and accurately estimate the timing of the FL signal that enters, thereby accurately demodulation. the correction of being undertaken by TTL for example solves because sign indicating number Doppler, come from the result that the user changes with respect to base station location, and some multipath situation, the time delay or the skew that on the FL signal that enters, influence. in addition, if a FL signal that enters comprises a delay watermarking described herein, TDE also can estimate that time delay wave, and TTL can correspondingly proofread and correct forward link signal.

Time delay estimator (TDE) 62 is provided at and is used for estimating the time delay of FL signal with respect to the time in the TTL.The speed of TDE estimation time delay allows TDE to be enough to the waveform of estimation time delay.Refer to that for the rake of following the tracks of same forward link signal tracking arrives on the path the earliest to be carried out.

TDE exports time delay with waveform, and it comprises it being the time delay of the function of time.Should be noted that waveform is substantially zero if there is not time delay.If some time delay is arranged, waveform will correspondingly comprise it being the time delay of the function of time.

Travelling carriage control system 63 comprises that typically one provides the microprocessor of standard processing capacity and other calculating and the MS of execution requirement to handle necessary control system.Travelling carriage control system 63 connects together the various systems of MS usually.

An AFLT searcher is connected to wireless communication system 59 and travelling carriage control system 63.This AFLT searcher detects pilot tone, carries out the pilot phase measurement and those measured values are offered a pilot phase on the pilot signal that travelling carriage is found and measure (PPM) database 65.

The pilot phase that is connected to control system 63 is measured (PPM) database 65 and is provided as and is used for storing the DATA REASONING that observes about from the AFLT searcher, time of advent for example, RMSE and Ec/Io.Pilot tone ID is each pilot signal in the identification database uniquely.

A position determination system (PDS) 66 can optionally be provided in the travelling carriage, is connected to travelling carriage control system 63 and PPM database 65; This position determination system 66 asks in due course that (for example the GPS communication system 75 from other system, PPM database 65 and repeater identification system 72) information and operation, and use by any suitable AFLT algorithm, the calculating of determining location of mobile station necessity is carried out in the measurement that GPS algorithm or AFLT and GPS algorithm combination (in A-GPS) obtain.For this purpose, PDS 66 also can comprise the position of each BTS and repeater and the database (not shown) of inner time delay.

Should notice that PDS 66 can move alone, determine entity (PDE) without the network site; In other words, MS can not determine the position (stand-alone mode) of himself by means of the MS external resource.As selection, PDS 66 can be arranged in other local PDE of network and move together; For example, PDE can help MS to generate a GPS search listing (for example by GPS almanac and ephemeris are provided to MS), and MS can executing location calculate (based on the pattern of MS) simultaneously.Yet, at some optionally in the execution mode, travelling carriage control system 63 receives GPS from an outside PDE and catches assistance (GPS acquisition assistance) (GPS search listing for example, have simultaneously the sign indicating number and the frequency search window) and with MS outside PDE switch metrical information (for example AFLT and GPS the measurement, repeater information, or the like) some or all, this PDE calculates the position of MS and can the position be sent back to MS by cordless communication network.PDE can be arranged in one or more external treatment system, and they are by network and mobile communications.In other selectivity execution mode, the PDE system can be modified as and comprise to the utilizable repeater help information of MS transmission serving BS, for example all possible repeater on a specific PN, their repeater ID and their inner time delay (reaching their position potentially) if carry out location positioning at the MS place.This can help to reduce the repeater identification time, thereby reduces positioning time.

A user interface 67 comprises any suitable interface system, such as microphone/speaker 68, and keyboard 69 and display 70, they allow between user and the MS interactive.Microphone/speaker 68 provides the voice communications services of using this wireless communication system.Keyboard 69 comprises any suitable button that is used for user's input.Display 70 comprises any suitable display, for example carries on the back bright formula (backlit) LCD display.

A GPS communication system 75 is connected to travelling carriage control system 63 and an antenna 76, and comprises the hardware and software that any suitable being used for received and handled gps signal.

A repeater searcher 73 is connected to the travelling carriage control system and comprises the repeater AFLT search that suitable hardware and software comes a simplification of operation in the pilot signal sampling of the FL signal that the process of being found by common AFLT searcher 64 is selected.With AFLT searcher 64 relatively, the repeater searcher can comprise the long cumulative time, to obtain the needed processing gain of reliable detection/discern.

A time delay estimator (TDE) 74 is provided at the time delay with respect to the time that is used in the repeater searcher 73 estimating in the FL signal of repeater search, to be similar to the mode of the TDE 62 among the TTL 61.In other words, TDE estimates that the speed of each FL signal time delay allows TDE to be enough to the waveform of estimation time delay.TDE exports this time delay with the waveform of this time delay of the representative function that is the time.Should be noted that waveform is substantially zero if there is not time delay.If some time delays are arranged, waveform will correspondingly comprise it being the prolonging at that time of function of time.

A repeater identification (ID) system 72 is connected to control system 63 and comprises any suitable hardware, and firmware and/or software are used for carrying out repeater identification on the time delay of time delay estimator (TDE) 62,74 outputs.In other words, travelling carriage control system 63 receives this and comes from TDE 62 among the TTL 61 and/or the estimation FL signal time delay with respect to the time of the TDE 74 in the repeater searcher 73, and this estimation FL signal time delay with respect to the time is sent to repeater ID system 72.In one embodiment, this repeater ID system comprises a correlator, its by with this delay data with determine repeater information so that the known watermark of determining repeater information from it is relevant from estimation FL signal time delay with respect to the time.For example, in one embodiment, can realize extracting repeater identification from this delay data based on the algorithm of matched filter.

In some embodiments, can optionally provide a repeater ID database 71, it is stored near the information of the relevant repeating signal the travelling carriage, with helping detection and location positioning.The repeater ID database 71 that is connected to repeater ID system 72 can be with helping discern a repeater; For example, for use the pilot signal through relaying in the MS position is determined, the information in the repeater ID database can send to PDS or the outer network PDE of MS in the travelling carriage.Should be noted that canned data can optionally be stored among the PDE of MS outside in the repeater database as described in the reference PDS 66.

With reference now to Fig. 7,, it is a flow chart, show two core procedures that relate in the shielding of FL signal repeater, and with reference to figure 8 and Fig. 9, they is flow charts, shows two embodiment that how to realize the repeater shielding in a travelling carriage.

The flow chart of Fig. 7 since 77 shows by a travelling carriage and carries out the shielding of FL signal repeater.Especially, core procedure described here can realize in a wireless network that a travelling carriage in this network can receive the watermarked signal through relaying, and wherein this watermark comprises a delay watermarking.

78, be at travelling carriage and carry out time delay on the FL signal and estimate.This time delay estimate by one for example among Fig. 6 the time delay estimator (TDE) shown in 62 and 74 carry out, to determine time delay wave (if any) from this FL signal.

79,, implement a repeater identification algorithm in the delay data that receives from this time estimating step for from this delay data identification repeater information.This repeater identification can by one for example among Fig. 6 the repeater ID system shown in the square frame 72 carry out.

80, repeater information offers one of travelling carriage PDS or PDE, thereby even can use the pilot phase measurement to determine the position of travelling carriage in the zone that repeater is arranged.

Repeater information can comprise a signal through relaying, does not pass through relaying or unknown indication; And in some embodiments, repeater information can comprise a unique repeater ID, which repeater relaying it has been used for discerning this FL signal.For example, if approximating T _SequenceA period of time in time delay be about zero, this repeater information indicates this FL signal not pass through relaying so; Yet, if time delay greater than zero, this repeater information can comprise one by the determined repeater ID. of this repeater ID system so

Repeater ID is encoded in the execution mode in the watermark therein, and the repeater identification process comprises by determining repeater information from this time delay wave with this time delay wave is relevant with the known watermark collection; Surpass certain thresholding if find a coupling, so just know this repeater ID.In these execution modes, so PDS or PDE can use the position of calculating travelling carriage with the PPM of the repeating signal that comprises about the information (for example their position and inner time delay) of the repeater of identification.

With reference now to the Fig. 8 that starts from 81,, it is a flow chart that shows an illustrative embodiments of FL signal repeater shielding, and wherein the time tracking loops (TTL) by travelling carriage (Fig. 6) carries out the time delay estimation.

82, implement time delay and estimate to determine the time delay of FL signal with respect to the time.In this execution mode, time delay estimates it is to be undertaken by the time delay estimator (TDE) among the TTL (seeing Fig. 6, square frame 62), and it estimates that the FL signal is with respect to the time delay of time and export this delay data.

84, send to repeater ID system from the time delay of time delay estimating step and be used for repeater identification.It should be noted that this delay data can handle by a control system or other devices among the MS, or can directly send to repeater ID system and handle.

86, implement a repeater identification algorithm in the time delay that receives from the time delay estimating step, to determine repeater information, as detailed description with reference to figure 7 square frames 79 from this FL signal.

88, repeater information offers one of travelling carriage PDS or PDE, thereby even can use the pilot phase measurement to determine the position of travelling carriage in the zone that repeater is arranged.

With reference now to the Fig. 9 that starts from 90,, it is a flow chart that shows another illustrative embodiments of FL signal repeater shielding, and wherein the repeater searcher by travelling carriage (Fig. 6) carries out the time delay wave estimation.

92, implement time delay and estimate to determine the time delay of FL signal with respect to the time.In this execution mode, time delay is estimated to be carried out by the time delay estimator (TDE) in the repeater searcher (Fig. 6), and it estimates that the FL signal is with respect to the time delay of time and export this delay data.

94, send to this repeater ID system from the delay data of time delay estimating step and be used for repeater identification.It should be noted that delay data can handle by a control system or other devices among the MS, or can directly send to repeater ID system and handle.

96, implement a repeater identification algorithm in the delay data that receives from the time delay estimating step, to determine repeater information, as detailed description with reference to figure 7 square frames 79 from the FL signal.

98, repeater information offers one of travelling carriage PDS or PDE, thereby even can use the pilot phase measurement to determine the position of travelling carriage in the zone that repeater is arranged.

Starting from Figure 10 of 100 is a flow chart, and it shows the zone that has repeater therein and obtains enough repeater shieldings and measure an illustrative methods that is used for location positioning.

102, activate at one and to implement the shielding of TTL repeater on the FL signal, be included in and implement time delay among the TTL of travelling carriage and estimate, as description with reference to figure 8.

103, parallel with the activation FL signal repeater shielding (102) based on TTL, the measurement that AFLT of execution searches for and searches for from conventional AFLT on pilot signal can be stored in the database.

104, selectively, also can implement a GPS search.

105, the enough GPS that are used for determining the position measure (if can use) and the shielding of TTL repeater is measured definite. should be noted that an A-GPS system, only need one or two other PPM to determine position (measuring) in conjunction with PRM from GPS, and have only in the system of AFLT at other, if need four or more PPM to be used for the position and to determine to obtain enough measurements. obtained enough measured values, if process is transferred to square frame 108. and do not obtained enough measured values, process is transferred to square frame 106.

106, be used for location positioning if on activation FL signal, use the shielding of TTL repeater not obtain enough measured values, then on from other FL signals of AFLT search, implement the repeater shielding, be included in the time delay of implementing in the repeater searcher of travelling carriage and estimate, as description with reference to figure 9.Process turns back to 105 and repeat this process and be used for definite position up to obtaining enough GPS measured values (if can use) and repeater shielding pilot phase measurements then.

In an exemplary CDMA realizes, for saving time, just in the pilot signal sampling that is not in the FL signal in the Active Set, use the repeater searcher to implement the repeater shielding, because the repeater that has used TTL to implement to activate pilot signal shields, as described in square frame 102.Yet in other embodiments, use the repeater shielding of repeater searcher also can on the activation pilot signal, carry out, in some implementations, can realize of the time delay estimation of more accurate FL signal like this with respect to the time.

108, in case being the position, the FL signal of sufficient amount determines to have carried out the repeater shielding, carrying out time delay in the AFLT of the FL signal that is identified as relaying measures removes, thereby can provide accurate pilot phase measurement to be used for location positioning (that is, AFLT measures and must be adjusted into the delay watermarking that compensation is measured by TDE).For measure removing delay watermarking from AFLT, travelling carriage can from or the pilot phase that approaches the corresponding time measure (being stored in the database) deduct estimation time delay, this pilot phase that obtains time adjustment is measured.

109, all measurements comprise the PRM from GPS (if can use), from the PPM of AFLT search and the repeater information that obtains from the repeater identification step, send to the position that suitable system (for example PDS or PDE) is used for handling travelling carriage.

As detailed description in its elsewhere, repeater information can comprise a signal and whether successfully (for example even not attempt carrying out the repeater search through the repeater shielding, or attempted repeater search but failed, or successfully implemented the repeater search), whether signal detects is the indication through relaying, and in some embodiments, the unique repeater ID relevant with repeating signal.This repeater information will help MS position determination system or a PDE accurately to carry out determining of location of mobile station, even some or all in this signal are through relaying.

The flow chart of an illustrative methods of the position that starts from Figure 11 of 110 and be using AFLT or A-GPS to determine travelling carriage in the cellular coverage that has repeater therein obviously uses in repeater identification disclosed herein system and can realize many differences method of allocation really.

111, obtain neighbours' honeycomb BTS search listing.This cell search list will be used for the cellular basestation search for pilot signals from the tabulation, and it also can comprise finding the pilot signal Useful Information of the base station in the tabulation.

Can obtain this cell search list in several ways; In a simple execution mode, this cell search list is included in the possible pilot signal of institute in the cellular system; Yet search for all possible pilot signal and will consume the unnecessary time.For saving time, in one embodiment, can provide this cell search list to travelling carriage with a local cellular base station of mobile communications, comprise the search window of searching for each pilot signal thereon.It should be noted that this cell search list can be modified as also comprises the utilizable any repeater help information of serving BS if any, such as all possible repeater on the PN in tabulation, their ID and their inner time delay (reaching their position potentially) if will carry out location positioning at the MS place.This can help to reduce the repeater identification time, thereby reduces positioning time.

112, the pilot signal of coming each the honeycomb BTS on the comfortable cell search list is carried out AFLT measure.Be parallel to this AFLT search, activating the FL signal is the shielding of TTL repeater, as the detailed description with reference to figure 8.

In one embodiment, the AFLT measurement comprises an earliest arrival time (TOA) estimation, one provides the RMSE estimation in the path of TOA the earliest, and the Ec/Io in all distinguishable paths of pilot signal estimates, it is used for upgrading Ec/Io. for pilot signal and measures in the PPM database that can be stored in as shown in Figure 6, wherein each pilot signal is relevant with a plurality of relevant measurements. should be noted that, even the undercapacity of a pilot signal is communicated by letter to set up, but this pilot signal still can have enough intensity to be detected and to be measured to the time of advent and other character.

113, can obtain a gps satellite search listing.This is a selection operation, and it advantageously provides one can make the search listing that is used for seeking satellite by gps system, thereby reduces the enough satellites in location to obtain a needed time of location positioning.As selection, this gps system can be searched for whole sky simply; Yet the search of such all-sky typically consumes long time.

114, obtain GPS according to the GPS process that is fit to and measure.In one embodiment, seek the satellite of in visible satellite list, stipulating on the search window that this GPS communication system is at first stipulated in tabulation.Can significantly reduce the enough needed time of gps signal that obtains like this.

115, MS determines whether to obtain enough GPS measurements and TTL repeater shielding measurement is used for determining the position.If obtained enough measurements, have no reason in MS, to cause further operation, in flow chart, handle and transfer to 117, to remove delay watermarking from any repeating signal.If do not obtain enough measurements, handle and transfer to 116, carry out repeater search as described below.

116, use the repeater searcher that the FL signal is carried out the repeater shielding, as detailed description with reference to figure 9.Because the repeater search is to implement on the pilot tone that has been found that in the AFLT search, so search is carried out on little search window, the repeater searcher can side by side carry out these.Then process turn back to 115 and this process repeat that enough GPS measure and the AFLT measurement of repeater shielding is used for definite position location up to obtaining.

117, in case can be used for the position location through repeater shielding, the PPM of sufficient amount determines, just must remove the delay watermarking in the AFLT measurement that is identified as the FL signal of relaying, as the detailed description of square frame 108 among the above-mentioned Figure 10 of reference.

118, can or be positioned at outside the MS to the PDS that is positioned at MS, but the PDE in wireless network provides the pseudo range measurement (PRM) from the GPS search, pilot phase from conventional AFLT search is measured (PPM), and from the repeater information of repeater identification step.PDS or PDE handle all measurements to obtain the MS location positioning, as the detailed description in its elsewhere.

It should be noted that, to relating in to create more accurate GPS help information (little GPS window) is the call flow that purpose is calculated based on the initial rough position (being pre-determined bit) of AFLT measurement, for more accurate initial rough position and GPS search window are provided, in pre-determined bit is calculated, use before the conventional AFLT search measurement, should implement to use the repeater shielding (and from the AFLT result of repeater FL signal, removing detected watermark) of TTL and/or repeater search.A travelling carriage initial rough position determines that the embodiment of (being pre-determined bit) can follow the flow chart of Figure 10 (not optionally GPS search).A travelling carriage final position determines that the embodiment of (promptly final location) can follow the flow chart of Figure 11.

At last, in some embodiments, can introduce the notion of preferred response quality, the wherein different preferred response quality values and the repeater search sensitivity of expectation, destination probability, scope/productive rate and the maximum recognition time that allows are consistent.In this way, determine (promptly final location) repeater search, different preferred response quality values can be arranged, to allow the requirement of different maximum recognition time between the two at initial rough position (being pre-determined bit) and final position.In addition, different preferred response quality values also can be arranged, to allow the possible different requirement of various types of application in the repeater testing process at final location.

Those skilled in the art should recognize, in view of these religious doctrines, can under the situation that does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, realize optionally execution mode. the restriction of claims below the present invention will only be subjected to, it comprises all execution mode and modifications in conjunction with above-mentioned specification and accompanying drawing.

Claims (10)

1. one kind is used to use forward link pilot signal that a travelling carriage is carried out the method that the position is determined, comprises this forward link pilot signal is carried out the repeater shielding to determine repeater information, and this method comprises:

Become at least some that retardation element is modulated described forward link pilot signal during with one at a repeater place, to embed the repeater information watermark thereon;

Receive at least some of described forward link pilot signal at this travelling carriage, comprise that described watermark information has been modulated to the forward link pilot signal of the relaying on it;

Carrying out pilot phase from the forward link pilot signal of described reception measures;

On a period of time, estimate forward link pilot signal the time become time delay;

Respond and become time delay when described, in this travelling carriage, carry out repeater identification whether to discern this forward link pilot signal by relaying;

Based on described repeater identification, described forward link pilot signal is carried out the repeater shielding;

The forward link pilot phase measurement that determines whether to obtain enough repeater shieldings is used for the position and determines;

If also do not obtain the forward link pilot phase measurement of enough repeater shielding, repeat describedly to become time delay when estimating so, carry out repeater identification and carry out that at least one forward link signal that receives in addition described forward link pilot signal is carried out the repeater shielding that to be used for the position up to pilot phase measurements that obtains enough repeater shieldings definite;

Proofread and correct described pilot phase and measure, comprise when the forward link signal that is identified as the process relaying is removed described estimation fully, becoming time delay; And

To a position determination entity provide the pilot phase of forward link pilot signal measure and any repeater information with the position of definite described travelling carriage.

2. method according to claim 1, wherein said execution repeater identification comprise that becoming time delay when described estimates relevant to discern repeater information with a known time delay watermark collection.

3. method according to claim 2, wherein said execution repeater identification further comprise unique repeater ID of identification.

4. method according to claim 1, described estimation forward link pilot signal the time further comprise before becoming time delay and carry out a GPS search, to obtain pseudo range measurement.

5. method according to claim 4 comprises that further determining whether to obtain enough GPS pseudo range measurements is used to locate purpose become time delay when one of described estimation before.

6. method according to claim 1, wherein said estimation forward link pilot signal the time become time delay and comprise and use a time tracking loops to estimate to become when described time delay.

7. method according to claim 1, wherein said estimation forward link pilot signal the time become time delay and comprise and use a repeater searcher to estimate to become when described time delay.

8. method according to claim 1, wherein

With described reception forward link pilot signal at least some concomitantly, change time delay when service time, track loop was carried out described estimations to activating forward link pilot signal, and

Become time delay when using a repeater searcher that the forward link signal of another reception is at least carried out described estimation.

9. method according to claim 8 before the described forward link pilot phase measurement that determines whether to obtain enough repeater shieldings, further comprises and carries out a GPS search to obtain pseudo range measurement.

10. method according to claim 9, the wherein said forward link pilot phase measurement that determines whether to obtain enough repeater shieldings further comprise and determine whether that the forward link pilot phase measurement that obtains enough GPS pseudoranges and repeater shielding is used for location positioning.

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