CN1776379A - Three-dimensional airfoil coseismic vector hydrophone and its process - Google Patents

Abstract

Hydrophone is composed of quadrate external case, dual pieces of lamination inside case, cylindrical base for placing quadrate external cases in wing profile type. Using mould, the technique prepares the quadrate external case from admixture of epoxy resin in low density and micro glass bead. Comparing with vectorial hydrophone in low frequency in other structure, the disclosed hydrophone possesses advantages of small size, lightweight, good directivity, sensitivity of channels and phase characteristics so as to solve issue of designing sonar array. The invention can widely applicable to each area of hydroacoustics such as sonobuoy, navigation for torpedo, submarine communication system to execute high-frequency measurement task.

Description

Three-dimensional airfoil coseismic vector hydrophone and technology thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of three-dimensional airfoil coseismic vector hydrophone and technology thereof that adopts two laminate patches as sensitive element.

Background technology

The beginning of this century, one of research direction that China underwater acoustic technology field has development potentiality most is the vector hydrophone technology.Vector hydrophone (vector hydrophone) also claims vector sensor (vector sensor) usually, it can the space concurrent, time synchronized records the acoustic pressure and the particle vibration velocity at certain some place in the sound field, or acoustic pressure and particle acceleration, or the scalar sum Vector Message in the sound field under water such as acoustic pressure and acoustic pressure gradient.

Vector hydrophone can be divided into two big classes according to the principle of work difference: differential vector hydrophone (being also referred to as alliteration pressure type vector hydrophone) and synchronous vibration type vector hydrophone.Can be divided into piezoelectric type, magnetostriction type, electronic (induction) formula, electric capacity (static) formula, electromagnetic type and optical fiber type vector hydrophone again according to sensitive element material difference, what extensively adopt in underwater acoustic measurement is to be the piezoelectric type vector hydrophone of sensitive element with the piezoelectric ceramics.

What be used widely in each field of Underwater Acoustics Engineering at present is the synchronous vibration type vector hydrophone, particularly in low-frequency range.Generally, the synchronous vibration type vector hydrophone is when design, and inner employing center compression vibration transducer is as sensitive element, and such sensor bulk is big, weight is big, is therefore reached 220mm, is weighed 7 kilograms by its whole vector hydrophone maximum gauge that is assembled.Although this vector hydrophone sensitivity is higher, the characteristics that its physical dimension is big, weight is big, density is high have seriously limited its application on engineering.As everyone knows, the Underwater Acoustics Engineering field is comparatively paid close attention to becoming the battle array technology, and demand is more, if adopt this low frequency vector hydrophone of imitative Russia to study a gust technology, then can make a gust aperture increase, preponderance, uses extremely inconvenience on the engineering.Therefore, the small-sized vector hydrophone of low frequency arises at the historic moment.Adopt the three-dimensional airfoil coseismic vector hydrophone of two laminate patches, in conjunction with the principle of work design of traditional pressure hydrophone, thereby satisfied at present demand the miniaturization of low frequency vector hydrophone as sensitive element.The small-sized vector hydrophone kind of the low frequency of developing both at home and abroad is more, structure is complicated, but profile is sphere or column type substantially, as seen list of references: В e к т о р н о-ф а з о в ы e м e т о д ы в а к у с т и к e О т в e т с т в e н н ы й р e д а к т о р а к а д e м и к В. И. И Л Ь И Ч Е В. М О С К В А, Н А y К А, 1989:p46-66.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of three-dimensional airfoil coseismic vector hydrophone that adopts two laminate patches as sensitive element, this vector hydrophone adopts two laminate patch airfoil structure designs for the first time, and obtains higher sensitivity and comparatively ideal directional property.Three-dimensional airfoil coseismic vector hydrophone is on the theoretical foundation of synchronous vibration type vector hydrophone, adopt the traditional double laminate patch to design as internal vibration sensitive element (two laminate patches are made up of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces up and down that are bonded on the metal base), this structure is compared with the compression sensitive element, greatly reduce quality owing to having lacked mass, and because the low directional property of having improved nautical receiving set again greatly of two laminate patch cross sensitivity.In addition, compare airfoil structure with sphere or column construction, further reduced the weight of nautical receiving set again, and the advantage of two laminate patches is better brought into play owing to removed sensor peripheral part filling material.It can record the particle vibration velocity of X in the water, Y both direction, and volume is little, in light weight, sensitivity is higher, directive property is better, has overcome the shortcoming that the vector hydrophone volume is big, quality is high with other structures of frequency range.

Formation of the present invention is to be made up of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces [2] up and down that are bonded on the metal base [1] two laminate patch oscillators of forming and four the rectangle shell bodies [4] and the cylindrical base [5] that have the wire guide [3] that is used to draw lead.Wherein two laminate patch oscillators are placed on rectangle shell body [4] inside, and four rectangle shell bodies [4] are aerofoil profile and are symmetrically placed in cylindrical base [5] both sides.Because two volumes of laminate patch oscillator own are little, in light weight and have a lower cross sensitivity, so adopt this technology not only can reduce vector hydrophone density, reduce volume, improve sensitivity, and can guarantee that this invention has good cosine directivity.

Manufacture craft of the present invention is, utilize four the aerofoil profile shell bodies [4] and the cylindrical base [5] of this nautical receiving set of Mold Making that designs in advance, two laminate patches are fixed on shell body [4] inside, four shell bodies [4] symmetry is fixed on cylindrical base [5] both sides and is airfoil structure, and nautical receiving set is whole to adopt the low-density composite embedding of being made up of epoxy resin and glass microballoon to form.

Four aerofoil profile shell bodies [4] of this nautical receiving set mouthful cylindrical base [5] also adopts the low-density composite embedding of being made up of epoxy resin and glass microballoon to form.The two the density of ratio decision low-density composite of epoxy resin and glass microballoon, its average density is about 0.65～0.75g/cm ³(epoxy resin of different model is slightly different with the glass microballoon mixture density).Glass microballoon is a kind of material of absolute rigidity, have chemical inertness, proportion is less, and can bear very big pressure after epoxy resin mixes, this potpourri has very high hardness, high mechanical properties, extremely low hydroscopicity and good dielectric property, and can anti-objectionable impurities corrosion.

Theoretical foundation of the present invention is: if the physical dimension of the firm cylinder of acoustics is far smaller than wavelength (is kL＜＜1, k is a wave number, L is the maximum linear yardstick of firm cylinder), when then it does free movement under the underwater acoustic wave effect, the vibration velocity amplitude V of cylinder geometric center place water particle in the vibration velocity amplitude V of firm cylinder and the sound field ₀Between have a following relation:

$V=\frac{2{\mathrm{\ρ}}_0}{\stackrel{\‾}{\mathrm{\ρ}}+{\mathrm{\ρ}}_0}{V}_0$

Wherein: ρ ₀---aqueous medium density, the average density of ρ---firm cylinder.

By formula as can be known, equal the aqueous medium density p as the average density ρ of firm cylinder ₀The time, the vibration velocity amplitude V of cylinder geometric center place water particle in its vibration velocity amplitude V and the sound field ₀Identical, like this as long as firm column body has the senser element that can pick up this vibration velocity can obtain the vibration velocity of cylinder geometric center place water particle in the sound field.

When reality is used, use spring suspension on fixed support this vector hydrophone, place water then.When underwater acoustic wave causes that this place, nautical receiving set acoustic centre of source water particle vibrates, this nautical receiving set will vibrate with water particle, the amplitude and the phase place of vibration are basic identical, two laminate patch oscillators of nautical receiving set inside can be picked up the vibration velocity of water particle like this, and the vibration velocity conversion of signals is become electric signal output.

So advantage of the present invention is: nautical receiving set ensemble average density is low (to be about 1.0g/cm ³About), physical dimension little (minimum diameter can reach about 60mm) has cosine directivity preferably.Therefore, not only volume is little, in light weight for this low frequency vector hydrophone, directive property is good, and channel sensitivity and phase propetry are good, utilize the above-mentioned advantage of this nautical receiving set can solve the sonar transducer array design problem.The present invention can be widely used in each field of the underwater sound, as sonar buoy system, low-noise measurement system, bistatic sonar system, torpedo navigational system, underwater communication system, transponder etc., finishes the low frequency measurement task.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional airfoil coseismic vector hydrophone rectangle shell body diagrammatic cross-section

Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional airfoil coseismic vector hydrophone structural representation

Embodiment

At first, to add hardening agent by the low-density composite that epoxy resin and glass microballoon mix, pour in the mould, through oven dry, [4] four of rectangle shell bodies that have wire guide [3] are made in the demoulding, secondly two laminate patches are placed respectively wherein, then with four rectangle shell bodies [4] respectively symmetry be aerofoil profile and place cylindrical base [5] both sides, the whole embedding of the low-density composite that adopts epoxy resin and glass microballoon to mix at last forms nautical receiving set, its cable output end [6] places on the upper surface of cylindrical base [5], and symmetry is reserved [7] 8 of suppending holes respectively in nautical receiving set rectangle shell body [4] upper and lower end face.Wherein two laminate patches generally select for use piezoelectric ceramics disk or rectangular pieces and aluminum alloy materials to make.Present this nautical receiving set sample monolithic case diameter 80mn, weight is about 80g, and working band is 200Hz～5kHz, and free field voltage sensitivity is-200dB (0dB re ^1V/ _{μ Pa}, test frequency 1kHz).

The present invention can be widely used in each field of the underwater sound, as sonar buoy system, low-noise measurement system, bistatic sonar system, torpedo navigational system, underwater communication system, transponder etc., finishes the high frequency measurement task.

Claims (3)

1. three-dimensional airfoil coseismic vector hydrophone and technology thereof is characterized in that this nautical receiving set comprises two laminate patch oscillators of being made up of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces [2] up and down that are bonded on the metal base [1] and has 4 the rectangle shell bodies [4] and the cylindrical base [5] of the wire guide [3] that is used to draw lead; Wherein two laminate patch oscillators place rectangle shell body [4] inside, and 4 rectangle shell bodies [4] are aerofoil profile and are symmetrically placed in cylindrical base [5] both sides.

2. three-dimensional airfoil coseismic vector hydrophone as claimed in claim 1 and technology thereof, the manufacture craft that it is characterized in that the airfoil distribution structure of 4 rectangle shell bodies [4] is to be formed by the mould embedding that designs in advance by low-density composite, this low-density composite is epoxy resin and glass microballoon compounding substances by a certain percentage, and this mixture density is 0.65～0.75g/cm ³

3. three-dimensional airfoil coseismic vector hydrophone as claimed in claim 1 and technology thereof is characterized in that adopting 8 springs that vector hydrophone is suspended on the rigid frame by 8 suppending holes [7].

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