CN112964354A - Acoustic pressure gradient hydrophone - Google Patents
Acoustic pressure gradient hydrophone Download PDFInfo
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- CN112964354A CN112964354A CN202110196472.9A CN202110196472A CN112964354A CN 112964354 A CN112964354 A CN 112964354A CN 202110196472 A CN202110196472 A CN 202110196472A CN 112964354 A CN112964354 A CN 112964354A
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- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
- G01H11/08—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means using piezoelectric devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a sound pressure gradient hydrophone, which comprises a sound pressure gradient hydrophone and has the following specific structure: the novel piezoelectric sound transmission device comprises a base, the base is of a cylindrical structure, a plurality of piezoelectric three-lamination pieces are installed on the outer circumferential surface of the base at even intervals, sound transmission rubber is filled and sealed on the surface of each piezoelectric three-lamination piece, a sealing cover plate is fastened on the upper end face of the base through screws, and a watertight connector is installed at the center of the top face of the sealing cover plate. The sound pressure gradient hydrophone has sharp directivity, has the characteristics of low working frequency, small size and high cost performance, can be widely applied to acoustic detection, positioning and communication of underwater targets, and has potential important application value in the aspects of underwater robot navigation communication, port and channel underwater alert detection, seabed oil and gas resource exploration and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrophones, in particular to a sound pressure gradient hydrophone.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous and deep research on low-frequency and ultra-directional sound detection technologies, a high-order sound pressure gradient hydrophone with a small volume becomes a research hotspot. The sound pressure gradient has the directivity independent of the frequency, for example, the first-order sound pressure gradient has the directivity of a dipole sound source, and the second-order sound pressure gradient has the directivity of a quadrupole sound source, so that the directivity of the receiver can be effectively improved by measuring the high-order gradient quantity, and the direction-finding precision is improved.
At present, a method for improving the directivity of a receiving system by using sound field second-order sound pressure gradient quantity and the technical development are fast, the method comprises the research fields of air sound and underwater sound, and the measurement means comprises a sound pressure linear array, a vector plane array, a vector hydrophone volume array, a high-order hydrophone and the like.
There are several methods for measuring the first order sound pressure gradient of a sound field:
(1) directly measuring the sound pressure values of two adjacent positions in space, and performing differential operation in a subsequent circuit or processing;
(2) designing a sensitive structure to deform under the action of the sound pressure gradient force so as to generate an electric or optical signal proportional to the gradient force;
(3) according to an acoustic motion equation in a small-amplitude sound field, sound pressure gradient information, namely a co-vibration vector hydrophone, is obtained by measuring rigid motion (speed, acceleration and the like) driven by sound pressure gradient force. For higher order sound pressure gradient measurement of a sound field, an effective method is to perform multiple difference operations on sound pressure (or particle vibration velocity) at present.
In the prior art, a high-directivity sound receiver is provided, a plurality of acceleration sensors are packaged in a spherical shell by using elastic glue, and second-order sound pressure gradient measurement is realized between the acceleration sensors through finite difference. This patent is higher in the process requirement of implementing, can't guarantee acceleration sensor position and orientation precision, and secondly, is full of the elasticity colloid in the whole spherical shell, and the glue film is too thick leads to the sound decay big, therefore the sensitivity greatly reduced of acoustic pressure gradient.
In the prior art, a two-dimensional quadrupole directivity hydrophone is also provided, and four combined vector hydrophones are used for directly measuring the underwater sound pressure and the first-order sound pressure gradient and realizing the measurement of the second-order sound pressure gradient through finite difference. The directional hydrophone in the patent still has the disadvantages of low cost, high volume and large size due to the constraint of a single vector hydrophone, and large measurement errors are caused by the inconsistency of the elastic elements, the jitter of the frame and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The applicant aims at the defects in the prior art and provides a sound pressure gradient hydrophone, so that the measurement of the first-order sound pressure gradient and the second-order mixed sound pressure gradient of a sound field can be realized, and the hydrophone is a low-frequency, small-size and super-directional underwater sound receiver.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a sound pressure gradient hydrophone comprises a sound pressure gradient hydrophone, and the sound pressure gradient hydrophone has the following specific structure:
the novel piezoelectric sound transmission device comprises a base, the base is of a cylindrical structure, a plurality of piezoelectric three-lamination pieces are installed on the outer circumferential surface of the base at even intervals, sound transmission rubber is filled and sealed on the surface of each piezoelectric three-lamination piece, a sealing cover plate is fastened on the upper end face of the base through screws, and a watertight connector is installed at the center of the top face of the sealing cover plate.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the upper end face of the base is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, the middle of the upper end face of the base is provided with a rubber sealing ring, the threaded holes are matched with screws, and the sealing cover plate is sealed through the rubber sealing ring.
The outer circumference of the base is uniformly provided with a plurality of step-shaped circular grooves, piezoelectric three-lamination sheets are placed in the circular grooves, and gaps between the piezoelectric three-lamination sheets and the circular grooves are filled with sound-transmitting rubber.
The mounting structure of a single piezoelectric three-lamination comprises the following components: the piezoelectric ceramic wafer is characterized by comprising a metal backing sheet, wherein the metal backing sheet is placed at a step of a circular groove, piezoelectric ceramic wafers are respectively stuck to two sides of the metal backing sheet, a cable is welded on the outer surface of each piezoelectric ceramic wafer, a circuit board is placed in the inner space of a base, through holes are simultaneously formed in the centers of the metal backing sheet and the piezoelectric ceramic wafers, wiring holes are formed between the piezoelectric three-layer lamination and the base, and the cable penetrates through the through holes and is connected to the circuit board after passing through the wiring holes.
The sound-transmitting rubber is made of thermoplastic polyurethane.
The piezoelectric three-lamination is provided with four piezoelectric three-lamination sheets which are oppositely arranged in pairs along the x direction and the y direction.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has compact and reasonable structure and convenient operation, and the first-order sound pressure gradient and the second-order mixed sound pressure gradient of a sound field are obtained by utilizing finite difference approximation through reasonable layout and design of the piezoelectric three-lamination, the base, the circuit board, the watertight connector and other parts, the piezoelectric three-lamination is uniformly distributed around the base to directly obtain the sound pressure value of the space sound field, and the polarization direction, the space installation position and the cable connection mode of the piezoelectric three-lamination are configured. The sound pressure gradient hydrophone has sharp directivity, has the characteristics of low working frequency, small size and high cost performance, can be widely applied to acoustic detection, positioning and communication of underwater targets, and has potential important application value in the aspects of underwater robot navigation communication, port and channel underwater alert detection, seabed oil and gas resource exploration and the like.
The invention directly connects the multi-path output electric signals in parallel on the technical approach of realizing finite difference approximation, avoids using a differential circuit and has simpler and more reliable structure.
According to the invention, by configuring the polarization direction of the piezoelectric three-lamination, the first-order sound pressure gradient of a sound field can be measured, and the second-order mixed sound pressure gradient of the sound field can be measured.
Aiming at the characteristic of high failure rate of the circuit board, the invention designs a detachable structure, thereby facilitating the maintenance and replacement.
The invention relates to a low-frequency small-size high-directivity underwater sound receiver capable of measuring the first-order sound pressure gradient and the second-order mixed sound pressure gradient of a sound field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric tri-stack according to the present invention.
Wherein: 10. an acoustic pressure gradient hydrophone; 11. a base; 12. piezoelectric three-lamination; 13. an acoustically transparent rubber; 14. a watertight connector; 15. sealing the cover plate; 16. a screw;
111. a circular groove; 112. a threaded hole; 113. a rubber seal ring;
121. a piezoelectric ceramic wafer; 122. a metal backing sheet; 123. a via hole; 124. a wiring hole; 125. a cable; 126. a circuit board;
131. first order sound pressure gradient
132. First order sound pressure gradient
133. Second order sound pressure mixing gradient
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the acoustic pressure gradient hydrophone of the present embodiment includes an acoustic pressure gradient hydrophone 10, and has a specific structure:
the piezoelectric three-lamination acoustic sensor comprises a base 11, wherein the base 11 is of a cylindrical structure, a plurality of piezoelectric three-lamination sheets 12 are uniformly installed on the outer circumferential surface of the base 11 at intervals, sound-transmitting rubber 13 is filled and sealed on the surface of each piezoelectric three-lamination sheet 12, a sealing cover plate 15 is fastened on the upper end surface of the base 11 through screws 16, and a watertight connector 14 is installed in the center of the top surface of the sealing cover plate 15.
The upper end face of the base 11 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes 112, the middle of the upper end face of the base 11 is provided with a rubber sealing ring 113, the threaded holes 112 are matched with the screws 16, and the sealing cover plate 15 is sealed through the rubber sealing ring 113.
The outer circumference of the base 11 is uniformly provided with a plurality of step-shaped circular grooves 111, the piezoelectric three-lamination sheets 12 are placed in the circular grooves 111, and the gaps between the piezoelectric three-lamination sheets 12 and the circular grooves 111 are filled with sound-transmitting rubber 13.
The mounting structure of the single piezoelectric three-lamination 12 is as follows: the piezoelectric ceramic wafer structure comprises a metal backing sheet 122, wherein the metal backing sheet 122 is placed at a step of a circular groove 111, piezoelectric ceramic wafers 121 are respectively adhered to two sides of the metal backing sheet 122, a cable 125 is welded on the outer surface of each piezoelectric ceramic wafer 121, a circuit board 126 is placed in the inner space of a base 11, through holes 123 are simultaneously formed in the centers of the metal backing sheet 122 and the piezoelectric ceramic wafers 121, a wiring hole 124 is formed between each piezoelectric three-layer lamination 12 and the base 11, and the cable 125 penetrates through the through holes 123 and the wiring hole 124 and then is connected to the circuit board 126.
The sound-transmitting rubber 13 is made of thermoplastic polyurethane.
The piezoelectric three-lamination 12 is provided with four piezoelectric three-lamination, and the four piezoelectric three-lamination are oppositely arranged in pairs along the x direction and the y direction.
The specific structure and function of the invention are as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the sound pressure gradient hydrophone 10 structurally includes a base 11, four piezoelectric triplexes 12, four regions of acoustically transparent rubber 13, a circuit board 126, a watertight connector 14, a sealing cover 15, and four screws 16.
The sound pressure gradient hydrophone 10 is integrally cylindrical, the piezoelectric three-lamination sheets 12 are uniformly distributed around the base 11, the surface of the piezoelectric three-lamination sheets is filled with sound-transmitting rubber 13, and the sound-transmitting rubber 13 is thermoplastic polyurethane and is used for acoustic impedance matching. A sealing cover plate 15 is arranged on the upper end face of the base 11 and is fastened with each other through a screw 16, and a watertight connector 14 is arranged at the center of the sealing cover plate 15, so that signal transmission is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 2:
the upper end face of the base 11 is provided with a threaded hole 112 and a rubber sealing ring 113, the sealing cover plate 15 and the base 11 are pressed tightly through a screw 16 to realize sealing, and the specification of the threaded hole 112 is consistent with that of the screw 16.
The periphery of the base 11 is provided with a circular groove 111 in a step shape, the piezoelectric three-lamination 12 is placed on the step in the circular groove 111, and a gap between the piezoelectric three-lamination 12 and the circular groove 111 is filled with sound-transmitting rubber 13 to ensure sealing and water proofing.
In the piezoelectric three-layer lamination 12, the piezoelectric ceramic wafer 121 is adhered to two sides of the metal backing sheet 122, the glue has conductivity to ensure the conductivity between the electrode surface of the piezoelectric ceramic wafer 121 and the metal backing, and the cable 125 is welded on the outer surface of the piezoelectric ceramic wafer 121.
The circuit board 126 is disposed in the inner space of the base 11.
The center of the piezoelectric tri-stack 12 is provided with a via hole 123, a wiring hole 124 is also arranged on the base 11 between the piezoelectric tri-stack 12 and the circuit board 126, and a cable 125 is connected to the circuit board 126 through the via hole 123 and the wiring hole 124 to realize electric signal transmission.
As shown in fig. 3:
the four piezoelectric three-laminated sheets 12 are oppositely arranged in pairs along the x direction and the y direction, sound fields at the positions are respectively marked as p1, p2, p3 and p4, the piezoelectric ceramic wafers 121 are positioned on two sides of the metal backing sheet 122, and free electrode surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic wafers 121 are connected through cables 125. The polarization direction of the piezoelectric ceramic wafer 121 is as shown by the arrow in fig. 3, and under the action of the underwater sound field pulsating pressure, the metal backing sheet 122 is set to be zero potential, and the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic wafer 121 will generate voltages in the same direction or in the opposite direction due to the difference of the polarization directions, but the absolute values of the voltages generated by the piezoelectric ceramic wafers 121 on both sides of the same piezoelectric three-layer stack 12 are the same. The following formula is combined to easily obtain the first-order sound pressure gradient by connecting the outer electrodes of the upper and lower piezoelectric three-laminated sheets 12 in parallel through the cable 125
The outer electrodes of the left and right piezoelectric three-laminated sheets 12 are connected in parallel through a cable 125 to obtain a first-order sound pressure gradient
All the inner electrodes of the piezoelectric three-lamination 12 are connected in parallel through a cable 125 to obtain a second-order mixed sound pressure gradient
In the formula:
p1, p2, p3 and p4 are sound pressure values of sound field positions where the four piezoelectric three-layer sheets are located respectively.
r is the distance between the two piezoelectric three-laminated sheets.
The theoretical basis of the invention is as follows: the sound pressure gradient value of the sound field can be obtained by finite difference approximation of two-point sound pressure, when the difference distance is small enough compared with the wavelength of the sound wave, two points x with a distance delta x in the x direction in the sound field1And x2The sound pressures of (A) are p1 and p2, respectively
In the formula:
for a first order sound pressure gradient in the x-direction,
p1 and p2 are the sound field positions x of the two piezoelectric three-laminated sheets respectively1And x2The value of the sound pressure of (a),
and deltax is the distance between the two piezoelectric three-laminated sheets.
The above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, which may be modified in any manner within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An acoustic pressure gradient hydrophone, comprising: the sound pressure gradient hydrophone comprises a sound pressure gradient hydrophone (10), and the concrete structure is as follows:
including base (11), base (11) are the cylinder structure, and a plurality of piezoelectricity three laminations (12) are installed to the even interval in the outer periphery of base (11), and the surface embedment sound-transmitting rubber (13) of every piezoelectricity three laminations (12), the up end of base (11) has sealed apron (15) through screw (16) fastening, watertight connector (14) are installed to the top surface central point of sealed apron (15).
2. The acoustic pressure gradient hydrophone of claim 1, wherein: the upper end face of base (11) is provided with a plurality of screw holes (112), and the upper end face middle part of base (11) is provided with rubber seal (113), screw hole (112) and screw (16) cooperation, sealed apron (15) are sealed through rubber seal (113).
3. The acoustic pressure gradient hydrophone of claim 1, wherein: the outer circumferential surface of the base (11) is uniformly provided with a plurality of step-shaped circular grooves (111), piezoelectric three-lamination sheets (12) are placed in the circular grooves (111), and gaps between the piezoelectric three-lamination sheets (12) and the circular grooves (111) are filled with sound-transmitting rubber (13).
4. An acoustic pressure gradient hydrophone according to claim 3 wherein: the mounting structure of the single piezoelectric three-lamination (12) is as follows: the metal backing sheet (122) is placed at a step of a circular groove (111), piezoelectric ceramic wafers (121) are respectively adhered to two sides of the metal backing sheet (122), a cable (125) is welded to the outer surface of each piezoelectric ceramic wafer (121), a circuit board (126) is placed in the inner space of a base (11), a through hole (123) is formed in the centers of the metal backing sheet (122) and each piezoelectric ceramic wafer (121), a wiring hole (124) is formed between each piezoelectric three-layer lamination (12) and the base (11), and the cable (125) penetrates through the through hole (123) and the wiring hole (124) and then is connected to the circuit board (126).
5. The acoustic pressure gradient hydrophone of claim 1, wherein: the sound-transmitting rubber (13) is made of thermoplastic polyurethane.
6. The acoustic pressure gradient hydrophone of claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric three-lamination (12) is provided with four piezoelectric three-lamination sheets which are oppositely arranged in pairs along the x direction and the y direction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110196472.9A CN112964354B (en) | 2021-02-22 | 2021-02-22 | Sound pressure gradient hydrophone |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110196472.9A CN112964354B (en) | 2021-02-22 | 2021-02-22 | Sound pressure gradient hydrophone |
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| CN112964354B CN112964354B (en) | 2023-06-09 |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09149488A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-06-06 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Secondary sound pressure gradient type directional microphone |
| CN1776379A (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2006-05-24 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Three-dimensional airfoil coseismic vector hydrophone and its process |
| CN2814340Y (en) * | 2005-04-30 | 2006-09-06 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Vector sensor |
| CN101650246A (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-17 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一○研究所 | Curve disk-type hydraulic pressure sensor for built-in modulation circuit |
| CN202329798U (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2012-07-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Two-dimensional vector hydrophone based on piezoelectric ceramic |
| CN103308141A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-09-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Two-dimensional quadrupole directivity hydrophone |
| RU2677097C1 (en) * | 2018-04-05 | 2019-01-15 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Тихоокеанский океанологический институт им. В.И. Ильичева Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук (ТОИ ДВО РАН) | Three-component vector-scalar receiver |
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-
2021
- 2021-02-22 CN CN202110196472.9A patent/CN112964354B/en active Active
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| CN103308141A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-09-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Two-dimensional quadrupole directivity hydrophone |
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