CN1774577A - Pulse activated actuator pump system - Google Patents

Pulse activated actuator pump system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1774577A
CN1774577A CNA2004800102033A CN200480010203A CN1774577A CN 1774577 A CN1774577 A CN 1774577A CN A2004800102033 A CNA2004800102033 A CN A2004800102033A CN 200480010203 A CN200480010203 A CN 200480010203A CN 1774577 A CN1774577 A CN 1774577A
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Prior art keywords
pump
actuator
fluid
polymer
housings
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CNA2004800102033A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1774577B (en
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马克·巴尼斯特
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/12—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action
    • F04B43/14—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action having plate-like flexible members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
    • F04B43/04—Pumps having electric drive
    • F04B43/043—Micropumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/08—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having tubular flexible members
    • F04B43/082—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having tubular flexible members the tubular flexible member being pressed against a wall by a number of elements, each having an alternating movement in a direction perpendicular to the axes of the tubular member and each having its own driving mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/08—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having tubular flexible members
    • F04B43/09—Pumps having electric drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F04B49/065—Control using electricity and making use of computers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/598—With repair, tapping, assembly, or disassembly means
    • Y10T137/612—Tapping a pipe, keg, or apertured tank under pressure
    • Y10T137/613—With valved closure or bung
    • Y10T137/6137—Longitudinal movement of valve

Abstract

A pump system containing no external parts or valves is provided. The pump system is characterized by a common type of actuating mechanism and incorporates reversibly expanding actuators, preferably eletroactive actuators. Fluid is caused to move at a selected flow rate and direction by sequentially activating contiguous actuators located inside the pump. The pump may be used to pump a variety of fluids and may be used in varius industrial, commercial, medical. Aeronautical, or military applications.

Description

The activated actuator pump system of pulsed drive
Introduction
Technical field
The present invention relates to pump, more precisely, the present invention is intended to a kind ofly be used for set rate and move the programmable servo pumping system of fluid along predetermined flowpath.
Background technique
Multiple pump known in the state of the art, and reequiped at concrete application.The pump that is used for mobile fluid drives this liquid being produced a kind of its power that flows that makes via motor, and this motor is in order to drive the normally movable part of piston and valve.Generally for example solenoid and other mechanical part drive valve in this pumping system via motor device.As the skilled person will appreciate, the pump that has the countless patterns that are used for many different application.For example, in the medical equipment field, there are the peristaltic pump, diaphragm pump and the centrifugal pump that are used to special purpose pumping blood and other biofluid.The pump that uses in many modern chemistry processing extensively relies on the complicated interconnection of pump, pipe and valve to realize specific chemical conversion or mixing, and this modern chemistry processing comprises oil refining or petroleum refining, food and medicine manufacturing and generating.Dependence to a plurality of dedicated pumps or too much valve constitution causes system complex and costliness, thereby needs higher maintenance and manufacturing expense.
Polymer actuator without any need for movable part usually is used in these complex systems to simplify the valve operation.Recently developed a kind of electroactive polymer (artificial muscle that EAP-is usually said) actuator.Referring to for example, " Electroactive Polymer (EAP) Activatorsas an Artificial Muscles " Yoseph ar-Cohen Ed., Society ofPhoto-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Publisher (2001).Electroactive polymer reversibly expands when being activated or changes form.The mechanical force that is applied by activation EAP is absorbed with the parts in the movement actuator equipment.
U.S. Patent No. 6,664,718 have described as transducer and electric energy have been converted to the one chip electroactive polymer of mechanical energy.EAP the parts that are used to produce mechanical energy with mobile robot device or pump.
U.S. Patent No. 6,682,500 have described a kind of diaphragm pump that is driven by EAP.In this pump, EAP is located at the below of the elastic membrane of a kind of being called " barrier film ".EAP expands when it is activated and shrinks, thus moving regulator reversibly, and this barrier film moves the fluid that is in contact with it conversely again.Diaphragm pump adopts safety check with control liquid stream.
U.S. Patent No. 6,685,442 disclose a kind of valve actuator based on conductive elastomeric polymer gel.During work, utilize electrolyte solution to make the activation of electric conductivity gelatin polymer.By handling the current potential at gel two ends, the motion of may command elastic membrane on expansion gel and electrolyte solution is to come the closure or openness fluid passage as a kind of " door ", and this also is used as the safety check of this passage.
The use of actuator in pumping system reduced the complexity of system operation.Yet every kind of pump of disclosed employing polymer actuator still needs movable part and valve.Mechanical complexity, maintenance cost, large scale and weight, sterility problems, fluid impurity corrosion products, often there is noise to make most pumping systems all not be suitable for special purpose with the chemical incompatibility and the work of particular fluid.
Therefore, seek the simple actuator device that does not adopt any mechanical part or valve.
Summary of the invention
Disclose the method through improved pump and pumping fluid hereinafter, they have overcome many shortcomings of prior art pump, and these shortcomings comprise the movable member of employing complexity and higher manufacturing expense.
A kind of like this actuator pumping of the present invention's imagination system, it utilizes in the enclosure expansion of fixed volume or the power of deflection actuator and makes fluid move past this shell.Without any need for movable part or valve.Regularly activate each actuator and make this actuator varying sized, thereby make fluid by special time and path flow by preset time and order.
The pumping system of the present invention that is used for mobile fluid comprises: actuator housings has the chamber that is used to hold fluid; A plurality of contiguous actuator are positioned at that this is indoor; And activating apparatus, be used for sequentially activating each actuator.Each actuator is all varying sized and apply a locomotivity to the fluid that is held when being activated.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, actuator housings comprises two or more chambers that are communicated with fluid.In some example, separately the chamber is programmed the different piece of preface to move fluid by separately speed and stream.Separately the chamber can for example be used to change the flow rate of the fluid that its viscosity changes when moving past shell.In other example, the coordination adjustment of the flow rate of the independent chamber of process is used to make any pulse fluidised form mitigation from each chamber to be the stable and continuous liquid fluidised form in this downstream, chamber.
Preferably, this pump comprises the device that is used to control the actuator activating apparatus, activates each actuator whereby on schedule.In a preferred embodiment, this controller is a kind of programmable microprocessor that is electrically connected with activating apparatus.
In some example, this pump comprises the detector means of the physical property that is used for definite fluid.This detector is electrically connected with control gear and can gives this control gear with the feedback information relevant with the physical state of fluid.This detectors measure is the variation of PH, viscosity, ionic strength, speed, pressure or the chemical composition of fluid for example.This feedback allows this pump interactively to change the speed and the flow direction of fluid.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, this pump moves fluid with controllable rate.In these embodiments, activating apparatus is by selected each contiguous actuator of time sequencing activatable.The flow rate of fluid depends on the active rate of actuator and the volume that moves via each actuator.Therefore, in some preferred example, repeat and each actuator of sequentially pulsing with time lag rapidly, fluid comes down to spray from shell.In other example, activate first group of contiguous actuator by special time, then when first group turns back to their original size, second group of contiguous actuator of sequential activation.Several times ground repeats this activation pattern or utilizes to repeat this activation pattern along more groups of actuators of fluid flowing path and make the certain volume fluid be moved and finally spray from shell.The volume differences of utilizing activated actuator and having recovered between the actuator is determined Fluid Volume mobile in preset time.
Chamber in the actuator housings is enough firm to prevent it owing to the activated actuators applied force deforms, because the locomotivity of activated actuator needs this chamber to keep constant in fact volume.Yet in some example, when this pump is put into capacitor, actuator housings can be when being inserted into slightly deformed.
In other preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flow direction of control actuator housings inner fluid.In these embodiments, each actuator determined in indoor position the stream of mobile fluid.To flow into through the fluid of the guiding of chamber thus and not contain any space that stops the actuator that liquid flows.In some preferred example, each actuator is arranged on indoor with lattice, and each actuator is placed on the intersection point place of every grid line.In these examples, the fluid of the grid of flowing through can move into by the unobstructed space that actuator position limited in this grid, but can not flow into the space that utilizes actuator to stop.Can design other actuator patterns to produce different streams.Most preferably, the pump among these embodiments comprises the detector that is used for determining fluid characteristics.Pump controller is programmed preface with in response to feedback of coming self-detector and the selected actuator of activation, thereby interactively is determined the stream of fluid.
In some example, the chamber comprise be used to receive different fluid more than one inlet, and every kind of fluid is imported into different paths.In these examples, intersect by the stream that makes different fluid, this pump can be used as fluid mixing apparatus.Make the fluid-mixing reaction, guide to the discharge stream then.
In other preferred embodiment of the present invention, this pump is by the speed of determining and definite path movement fluid.In these examples, the sequential activation speed of actuator and the flow rate that pattern has been determined fluid in the pump, and actuator has been determined stream in the indoor position of actuator housings.
The actuator that uses among the present invention be preferably come down to inertia and not with fluid reaction.In these examples, pump is used for for example blood of mobile biofluid, and actuator and fluid are biocompatible.In other example, this chamber comprises at actuator and contacting with fluid to stop actuator with the impermeable liner of elasticity between the holding fluid.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each individually actuating device all is wrapped in a kind of material of inertia in fact, contacts with fluid and prevent that to prevent it itself and contiguous actuator from interacting in some example.Each actuator is the independent integral unit that is positioned at actuator housings when being wrapped.
Most preferably, the actuator of this pump is made up of the elastic material in response to activating apparatus.This elastic material changes its size when being activated.In some example, this material expands, and since the expansion that contiguous actuator applies hinder and outwards move into linearly by in the space that holding, fluid occupied, thereby mobile this fluid.In some other example, the activation of polymer causes it to be shrunk to smaller size smaller, thereby flows for fluid in the space of vacating its top.In some other example, elastic material changes shape.When changing appearred in shape, elastic material promoted and mobile fluid.An importance of the present invention is that actuator is promptly replied its original-shape when not being activated.The reciprocal characteristics of actuator is kept pumping activities.
More preferably, but the actuator in the pump of the present invention is the elastic material of the reverse response selected from following group, and this group comprises electroactive polymer, electrolyte activated polymer gel, light-activated polymers, piezopolymer, piezoceramic material, chemical activation polymer, magnetic activating polymer, thermal activation polymer and shape-memory polymer.Utilize chamber size, the dimensional changes amount when actuator is activated and the characteristic of mobile fluid determine the shape and size of this actuator.
In the preferred embodiment of this pump, actuator is made up of electroactive polymer.In some example, this activating apparatus is that a kind of each actuator that directly impels is by time and the varying sized circuit of figure determined.For example PH changes the chemical change of the electroactive polymer that is caused by direct electricity activation, ionic strength changes or phase change makes the varying sized or shape of actuator.Piezopolymer or the polymer of being furnished with electric contact are the examples of actuators that is suitable for in these embodiments.In adopting the embodiment of electroactive polymer, each actuator all with the contiguous actuator electric shield.
In other preferred embodiment of pump of the present invention, actuator comprises the electrolyte activated polymer gel that is activated via contacting with electrolyte solution.In these embodiments, each polymer all wraps up with semipermeable materials, actuator housings comprises the storage that is used to hold electrolyte solution, activating apparatus is a kind of circuit, borrow it to make electrolyte solution contact and leave polymer via reversible the flowing to of semipermeable materials, so that this actuator carries out reciprocal movement with polymer from storage.
In these preferred embodiments, utilize the circuit direct activation or utilize the electrolyte activated actuators, this pump preferably includes the remote control equipment that is used to drive this circuit.Most preferably, this remote control equipment is by infrared rays or radio-frequency driven.In some preferred embodiment, utilize microprocessor to control this remote control equipment, this microprocessor is programmed preface with by selected time and sequential activation actuator.
In other preferred embodiment of pump of the present invention, actuator is made up of the photoresponse polymer.In some preferred example, this photoresponse polymer is ionized having under the situation of light.In other preferred example, this photoresponse polymer changes PH having under the situation of light.By laser beam, natural light, LED or other quantum light source that is exposed to specific wavelength, control the activation of this light-activated polymers.In some preferred example, utilize for example a kind of infrared rays of remote control equipment or radio-frequency driven equipment to control the exposure time.In these preferred embodiments, control remote control equipment with microprocessor, this microprocessor is programmed preface with by selected time and sequential activation actuator.
In one embodiment of the invention, this pump can be used as fluid mixing apparatus.These embodiments especially can be used in chemical treatment or the biological treatment system.For chemical treatment, this equipment can hold more than a kind of fluid, and every kind of selected stream inflow storage and independent fluid of conduct in fluid edge is flowed out from this storage.In biological treatment system, this equipment is as bland cell processing equipment (gentle cell processing device).
In other embodiments, this pump can be used as portable fluid delivery device.Because this pump is simple and is made up of the lightweight parts, so it is on to can be used on raid.
In another embodiment, this pump is as a kind of infusion pump of giving individual delivery of medicaments when the individual is critical.This infusion pump makes with less cost, therefore can abandon after single uses.In other example, if necessary, infusion pump can be quite little and its size allow to implant in individuality.This equipment can comprise fluid detection equipment, and is particularly useful for carrying insulin to the diabetes patient controllably.
In another embodiment, this pump is as a kind of medicament delivery device that by controllable rate and controlled time liquor or soup is flowed to the individual when the individual is critical.This conveying equipment is used for to people, dog, cat and other animal delivery of medicaments.In some embodiment of medicament delivery device, actuator housings comprises single outlet but without any inlet and accommodate the liquor or the soup that will be transferred.These equipment can be equipped with liquor or soup in advance, and keep aseptic until use.
In other preferred embodiment of the present invention, this pump is used for advancing object along a surface.In these embodiments, pump comprises: actuator housings contacts with object; A plurality of contiguous actuator contact with this actuator housings and contact with the surface; And activating apparatus, be used for each actuator of sequential activation.In this embodiment, when each actuator was activated, it changed shape and applies a locomotivity for this surface, thereby along advancing solid objects in the opposite direction with this locomotivity side.This boost pump can be used for advancing the object that is suspended on the liquid surface, be suspended on the object on the solid surface or be immersed in object in the liquid.
The invention allows for the method that is used for by the controllable rate pumping fluid.In the method, the actuator housings of this pump is arranged to carry out fluid with the fluid of want pumping to be contacted, activate first actuator to stop from the actuator housings backflow and repeatedly to activate contiguous actuator then in order, wherein, after the activation of one of each actuator occurs in one of its contiguous actuator and has been activated.
This method is used for the fluid of pumping different viscosities.In these methods, pump comprises two or more chambers that are communicated with fluid, by pressing different time and the sequential activation actuator in it, makes each chamber with different flow rate work.
Description of drawings
From provide below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to more specifically explanation of the present invention, above and other aspect of the present invention, feature and advantage will be more obvious, wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates pump of the present invention, has represented to have actuator housings, these indoor a plurality of contiguous actuator of the chamber that holds fluid and the activating apparatus that is used for sequentially activating each actuator.The controller and the fluid detector of activating apparatus have also been represented to be used for.Also represented fluid flowing through shell.When work, according to making fluid to determine time and each actuator of sequential activation of speed and path flow.
May arranging of the contiguous actuator that Fig. 2 a-2c explanation is indoor.In Fig. 2 a, contiguous actuator is pressed the linear array setting indoor.In this embodiment, actuator when being activated, be expanded to chamber relative to wall, form a kind of sealing of hinder fluid flow and move fluid along array axes simultaneously.Fig. 2 b explanation is the actuator of two arranged in linear arrays arranged side by side.In this embodiment, actuator is expanded to when being activated and is in contact with one another.Fig. 2 c explanation axis of flow in the cavity is the actuator of arranged in arrays in the shape of a spiral.This array is used for the vertical movement fluid.
Fig. 3 illustrates indoor pump with many group contiguous actuator.Indicated the fluid stream that causes by the sequential activation contiguous actuator.
Fig. 4 illustrates to have three pumps of the present invention with the chamber of fluid connection in the actuator housings.
Fig. 5 explanation is used for along the pump of determining the path movement fluid, and wherein, actuator is located at indoor by certain position, and this position defines the stream that uses for this fluid when fluid moves.In this schematic representation, contiguous actuator is located at the intersection point place of the grid line that limits a kind of matrix.
Fig. 6 is the expanded view of indoor actuator.Actuator is made up of light-activated polymers and is wrapped in the inert material.Represented to be used to lead to the pipeline of light source.In this embodiment, can be by controllable rate and direction pumping fluid.Fluid is directed to intersection point, and they mix there and their are reacted.
Fig. 7 represents the pump 10 in a kind of Online Processing System, and wherein, various fluids import main liquid flow path by the time of determining.This pump can be manufactured into a kind of modular unit that inserts in chemistry or the biological treatment system.
Fig. 8 explanation is as the actuator housings of the present invention 11 of the honeycomb supporter of actuator 12.
Fig. 9 represents to have the pump 10 of electric activated actuators 12, and this electricity activated actuators 12 is via contacting and be activated with electrolyte solution.Actuator housings 11 comprises chamber 14 and is used to hold the storage 27 of electrolyte solution 28.Electrode 29 is positioned at actuator, and electrode 30 is positioned at outside this actuator.Frit 31 (semi-permeable grid) is separated actuator and electrolyte solution.Semipermeable membrane 32 surrounds actuator.
Figure 10 represents the pump 10 as propulsion apparatus.Figure 10 a represents to be used for the pump along certain surperficial movable object.Figure 10 b represents to be used for moving the pump of the object that is suspended in fluid.
From following detailed description, accompanying drawing and appended claims, it is obvious that other features and advantages of the present invention will become.
Embodiment
Definition
" activating apparatus " (Activating means) refers generally to use the device that makes polymer actuator varying sized.Under by the situation of the electroactive polymer gel of direct activation, activating apparatus is the switch gear that is used for trigger circuit, and this circuit makes the electroactive chemical reaction that causes in the polymer, and this chemical reaction changes the size of this polymer.Under by the situation of the electroactive polymer gel of indirect activation, activating apparatus makes streams of electrolyte solution contact with polymer, leaves this polymer then.Under the situation of light-activated polymers, activating apparatus is the switch gear that allows light to contact with this polymer.Under the situation of piezoelectric actuator, switch gear generally is the switch gear that applies voltage or physical pressure to piezoelectric material.
" control gear " refers to the controller that electrically contacts with activating apparatus.Preferably, control gear is a kind of programming so that make the electronic equipment of activating apparatus activation by selected time and order.More preferably, control gear comprises the microprocessor of having programmed.Microprocessor chip is known in the art.Single-chip be cheap and be preferably used for after be in the discardable embodiment of the invention.
" fluid " refers to liquid, mud, fine powder, emulsion and solvent mixture.Under specific circumstances, this fluid can be a gas.
" microprocessor " refers to the CPU in computer and the computer.Preferably, microprocessor is that a kind of programmable is so that by the little chip of seclected time with the order process pump.But the microprocessor interactively is in response to detector.The dog-cheap certain chip of manufacturing expense is discardable pump embodiment of the present invention after quite being suitable for using.
" sequential activation " (Sequential activation) refers to a kind of activation pattern of contiguous actuator, and wherein, the adjacent actuators quilt is activatable one by one.In array of contiguous actuators, the Fluid Volume that the activation of first actuator decision will be moved.The activation of adjacent actuators will be moved this Fluid Volume.Repetition of activation will sequentially continue along the surface of contiguous actuator this Fluid Volume to be moved past the chamber.The sequential activation of contiguous actuator is similar to when playing scale the sounding of key on the piano plate.Yet this pump is not limited to the actuator of flat linear array.For example, a kind of tubular chamber can comprise the actuator of array in the shape of a spiral.In a particular embodiment, can activate the combination of a plurality of actuators simultaneously with mobile greater amount fluid and increase flow rate.In these embodiments, " in proper order " refers to the activation of the actuator group of adjacency.
Actuator used in this invention preferably includes electroactive polymer (EAP).These polymer come the electro photoluminescence of response external by showing significant shape or dimensional changes.EAP is divided into two big classes: electronics with ion.Electric field force or Coulomb force generally drive electronics EAP, and the original drive that is used for ion EAP is the migration or the diffusion of ion.
Electrical type EAP comprises ferroelectric polymers, dielectric polymer, electricity restriction graft polymer, electrostrictive paper, electric blood vessel elasticity polymer (electrovasoelastic polymers) and liquid crystal elastic body (LCE) material.Ion EAP comprises synthetic (IPMC), conducting polymer (CP) and the graphite nanotube (CNT) of polymer gel (IPG), iolon-metal.Below the Table I relevant with ion EAP can be at Axom network address http://www.azom.com/details.asp? find on the ArticleID=885#_Ferroelectric_Polymers:
Table I
Polymer gel (IPG)
These are the force density of current potential and biological muscles and the polymer gel that energy density is complementary.Utilize chemical reaction activation polyacrylonitrile material, the variation from the sour environment to the alkaline environment causes the action that makes gel become densification or expand.Because ion will pass multilayer gel and could spread, this action a bit slowly.
The synthetic of iolon-metal (IPMC)
These are in response to the electricity that is caused by the migration of positive ion in polymer network and activate and crooked EAP.Usually, two kinds of base polymers are used to form IPMC, and they are Nafion (by the perfluorinated sulfonate of Du Pont manufacturing) and Flemion (by the perfluorocarboxylic acid salt of Japanese Asahi Glass manufacturing).IPMC needs low voltage to excite the following low frequency of bending response (1-10V) and 1Hz.
Conducting polymer (CP)
CP inserts and ejects driving via the reversible counter ion counterionsl gegenions that occur in the oxidation reduction cycle process.Significant Volume Changes takes place in oxidation and reduction reaction by at counter electrode place and electrolyte exchange electronics.
Electrode is made by the PAN of polypyrrole or polyaniline or the HCL that mixed usually.The CP actuator need be at the voltage in the 1-5V scope.Voltage change can be controlled actuating rate.These materials can realize being higher than 20J/cm 3Higher mechanical energy density, yet they have 1% poor efficiency.
Other material compound that is used for CP is polypyrrole, polyethylene dihydroxy thiophene, poly-(the inferior second fat of right-benzene), polyaniline and polythiophene.Some application of these CP robotic surgical device of the small box that can open and close, microrobot, surgical technique and tools being arranged, assembling other micromodule equipment according to reports.
Graphite nanotube (CNT)
1999, the CNT that occurs as formal EAP had and is similar to adamantine mechanical property.Actuating mechanism is through electrolyte medium, makes the electric charge of charge balancing ion between nanotube and the electrolytic solution by injection, and the bond distance changes.The electric charge that injects in the CNT is many more, and dimensional changes is big more.Because mechanical strength and modulus and the attainable actuator displacement of single CNT, EAP compares with other form, and these EAP have weekly the phase maximum work and produce much higher mechanical stress.
As observable in Table I, mechanical property and the chemical mechanism of ion EAP are changed significantly.The present invention is used, and the EAP that shows remarkable and reversible Volume Changes when activation is preferred.Preferred polymers example with remarkable bending response comprises base polymer Nafion (by the perfluorinated sulfonate of Du Pont manufacturing) and Flemion (by the perfluorocarboxylic acid salt of Japanese AsahiGlass manufacturing).
The second class actuator that can be used in the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the light-activated polymers that is called optical actuator.Optical actuator changes the length of illuminated material and volume.Photoactivation machine-processed example behind comprises the inside reconstruct (isomerization) and the photo-induced telescopic (combination of photoelectric effect and piezoelectric effect) of phase transformation, polymer.
U.S. Patent No. 6,143,138 disclose the light-activated polymers as actuator of the present invention.This polymer comprises the PH jump molecule of preferred anthracene.Utilize visible light to activate the PH jump molecule.The PH that follows changes generation (in nanosecond) rapidly, and keeps this variation by continuous wavelength light or by suitable photoderm.
As the suitable polymer of this actuator is known, and the new material that will become suitable actuator is constantly found.The comment of relevant electroactive polymer can be at " ElectroactivePolymer (EAP) Activators as an Artificial Muscles " Yoseph bar-CohenEd., Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Publisher finds in (2001), in this whole its content of introducing.
Although disclose some the reversible expansion polymer that is suitable as actuator of the present invention here, but any material with following characteristic all is suitable for, and this characteristic comprises that reversible and variation rapidly, low voltage demand, good compliance and tenacity take place for shape and volume when being activated.The scope of the invention attempts to extend to the new material that demonstrates desirable characteristics with being developed out.
The general expression of Fig. 1-10 preferred embodiment of the pumps of the present invention of numeral 10 indications.
Referring now to Fig. 1, pump 10 comprises actuator housings 11, chamber 14, a plurality of activating apparatus 13 that is positioned at the contiguous actuator 12 of this chamber 14 and is used for sequential activation individually actuating device 12.Actuator housings can have one or more inlets 15 and one or more outlet 16.
Also represented controller 21 among Fig. 1.Controller 21 control activating apparatus 13, and time of sequentially being activated of definite individually actuating device.Sort controller is known in the art.Preferably, controller 21 is a kind of programmable microprocessors, and more preferably, controller 21 is a kind of electrical connections with activating apparatus and programmable simple microplate.
Also represented to be used for to determine the detector 22 of the particular physical characteristics of fluid among Fig. 1, wherein, this detector is electrically connected with control gear also can send to the signal that obtains from fluid this control gear.Be used for that the detector of this purpose is known in the art, and can be in response to the physical property of the fluid that comprises chemical composition, PH, pressure, temperature and flow rate.
Fig. 2 a-2c represents may the arranging of contiguous actuator in the chamber 14.In Fig. 2 a, contiguous actuator 12a-e is arranged in linear arrays in chamber 14.In such an embodiment, actuator is expanded to the relative wall of chamber when being activated, and forms a kind of hinder fluid flow and while move axially fluid along array sealing.Fig. 2 b represents to be the actuator 12a-e of two arranged in linear arrays arranged side by side.In such an embodiment, actuator is expanded to when being activated and is in contact with one another.Fig. 2 c represents the axis of flow actuator 12a-e of arranged in arrays in the shape of a spiral in the cavity.In such an embodiment, actuator is expanded to when being activated and relative wall contact.This array is useful along the axis of flow vertical movement in the actuator housings for fluid.These examples are exemplary actuator arrangement, yet other layout that is provided for expanded actuators is contacted with solid surface with mobile fluid also is fine.
Realize displacement of fluid by activating each contiguous actuator separately according to a kind of sequential time figure.Elastic material in the actuator is varying sized when activation, and gives their fluid in contact volume application of forces.The power that is applied by each actuator in the containing fluid is multidirectional, although fluid moves, does not generate any stream.In the present invention, so that being expanded to the corresponding fluid volume of dilation dimension of apparent surface and mobile and this actuator, the individually actuating device realizes displacement of fluid by sequentially activating contiguous actuator.First actuator in the array is activated, is expanded to the apparent surface and gives the fluid application of force.The fluid that moves of first actuator will move along fore-and-aft direction with respect to this actuator thus.Yet when second actuator with the first actuator adjacency was activated, it only moved fluid along a direction, because its excess-three direction is stopped by the locular wall that first actuator, apparent surface and this actuator are attached thereto.By continuing to carry out the sequential activation of contiguous actuator, force fluid along path flow by actuator and shell limited.In a preferred embodiment, actuator group indoor along axis of flow.Continuation repeats sequential activation to every group, until first group of actuator its change in shape oppositely and is then activated once more.By putting upside down the activation sequence of individually actuating device, this pump can be realized reverse flow.Some polymer shrinks when being activated.When as actuator of the present invention, first actuator through expanding is located at the ingress of chamber.Activation pattern starts from the contraction of first actuator, and contiguous actuator is sequentially shunk subsequently.Fluid is along the path flow by actuator limited.
Fig. 3 represents to have a plurality of continuous group of pumps 10 of promptly organizing 17a-e, group 18a-e and group 19a-e that are set in sequence in the contiguous actuator in the chamber 14.Fluid flow point stage ground appearance in this schematic representation, wherein, in the phase I, first group of actuator 17a-e sequentially activated, and then in second stage, second group of actuator 18a-e sequentially activated.The fluid volume that is moved by first group of 17a-e will flow into the position of second group of 18a-e top.Repeat the pulsed flow of liquid that these stages will obtain process and flow out actuator housings.
The speed of the actuator housings of flowing through 11 is by the selected soak time and the order decision of actuator.Can be by the dimensional changes calculation of expected flow rate of actuator.The Fluid Volume that moves in preset time is the total volume amount of (or having shunk) actuator of all expanding in the process between at this moment.Rate of flow of fluid is the volume that moves in by soak time and order determined preset time of process.Controller 21 can be programmed preface, so that by given time and sequential activation actuator, thereby provides selected flow rate.
Fig. 4 represents to comprise three chamber 14a, the pump of the present invention 10 of 14b and 14c.In this schematic representation, institute has family all with the setting of fluid mode of communicating.Each chamber can be independent of other chamber operation, like this can be by different time and sequence starting fluid stream.This layout is used for pumping changes viscosity at process fluid flow fluid.It also is used for decaying pulse stream.By actuator being arranged in parallel in indoor and realizing decay by the actuator that different time activates in each shell.
Fig. 5 represents to be used for moving along predetermined pathway the preferred embodiment of the pump 10 of fluid.Actuator 12 is arranged in the chamber 14 according to a kind of figure, and this figure defines the liquid flow path.Fill the actuator that the circle indication is activated, empty circle limits the actuator that is not activated.In Fig. 5, the individually actuating device is arranged on the intersection point place of grid line, and has indicated the path that is used for fluid 1 and fluid 2.When the contiguous actuator in the path was activated, fluid will be along the path flow by empty circle limited.An importance of the present invention is to utilize this pump by to activate particular actuators preset time, and fluid is flowed according to predetermined pattern.Therefore, as shown in Figure 5, by making actuator 14a and 14b change the size of the state of activation not and, can making two fluid junction by activated actuators 14c.Fluid 2 will move and will combine with fluid 1 along new route.Can react in the intersection, new fluid will be drawn outdoor by the sequential activation of actuator.
Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic sketch of the actuator in the chamber 14, and expression is wrapped in the individually actuating device 12 in the inert material 23.Actuator among Fig. 6 comprises light-activated polymers.Also represented to be used to lead to the pipeline 24 of light source.In some embodiment of pump shown in Figure 6, actuator is sequentially activated and fluid flows with a kind of controllable rate.In other embodiments, come activated actuators according to a kind of figure that limits the liquid flow path.Fig. 6 has also represented to be used to receive the inlet 25 and 26 of two kinds of fluids.Can be as shown in the figure along independent route guidance fluid.Optionally, fluid can be directed to the intersection, and there, they mix and reaction.
Fig. 7 represents the pump 10 in a kind of Online Processing System, wherein, at the fixed time various fluids is guided to main liquid flow path.Inlet 15a-e receives various fluids.Along every kind of fluid of independent flow path guiding, and at the fixed time with every kind of FLUID TRANSPORTATION to main fluid.The reaction product that is obtained by reaction between main fluid and the various fluid flows out from exporting 16.This pump can be manufactured into a kind of modular unit to insert in chemistry or the biological treatment system.This modular unit comprises that suitable connector 32 is communicated with the fluid of on-line system with realization.
Fig. 8 represents the actuator housings of the present invention 11 as the honeycomb supporter of actuator 12.
Fig. 9 represents to have the pump 10 of electric activated actuators 12, and this electricity activated actuators 12 is via contacting and be activated with electrolyte solution.Actuator housings 11 comprises chamber 14 and is used to hold the storage 27 of electrolyte solution 28.Electrode 29 is positioned at actuator, and electrode 30 is positioned at outside this actuator.Frit 31 (semi-permeable grid) is separated actuator and electrolyte solution.Semipermeable membrane 32 surrounds actuator.
Figure 10 represents the pump 10 as propulsion apparatus.Figure 10 a represents to be used for the pump along certain surperficial movable object.Figure 10 b represents to be used for moving the pump of the object that is suspended in fluid.In Figure 10, actuator is out of shape when being activated or is crooked, and the power that is applied by activated actuators has directional component like this.In Figure 10 a, direction of propulsion will be according to the direction of power along linear direction.In Figure 10 b, by being arranged on, actuator makes the unbalanced position of total locomotivity, and it is circular or tortuous can making direction of propulsion.
Pump of the present invention and actuator housings can be made by method commonly known in the art.Actuator housings can by material for example teflon, crystalline homopolymer acetal resin, polysulfones, polyurethane, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), polymethylmethacrylate and similar polymer, can be molded or workable glass, pottery, silicon chip and any its non-conductive, firm and chemically inert other material that makes make.In certain embodiments, porous member or frit are between actuator and electrolyte solution.This frit can be a for example polypropylene of glass, porous polymer, perhaps porous corrosion resistant metal nickel for example.
Actuator housings preferably adopts non-conductive polymer to make by injection molding method.Form the chamber of anticipated shape in the enclosure.At first, flexibility circuit is set in die cavity, closed, locate this die cavity and give this cavity injection molten polymer or similar material.Then, from mould, shift out parts and shifting out rapidly.At this moment, carry out any secondary operation for example machining or boring.Then, actuator is installed in indoor, the porous glass material is arranged on polymer and holds between the storage of electrolyte solution.Next step will be to be electrically connected and to install not molded parts in the enclosure.After this, if desired, with added resilience liner and extra electrolytic solution.
Preferred embodiment
In a preferred embodiment, actuator is made up of a kind of like this EAP material, and this EAP material changes and expands by it being carried out PH that spectral radiance causes.The diffusion of passing multilayer gel by electrolyte ion causes this expansion, although this is a kind of slow process, can remedy by increasing more effective fluid passages in the enclosure.For example, if passage produces the flow rate of 1ml/hr, ten passages will produce the flow rate of 10ml/hr so.Tuning photon chip and optical fiber tube make single light source controlled radiation is provided can for each actuator, thus with provide the selection of single source to compare for each actuator, reduce required energy loss.
Described the present invention thus, but obviously can change the present invention according to multiple mode.This modification is not considered to break away from the spirit and scope of the invention.Apparent to those skilled in the art, all such modifications are all attempted to be included in the scope of following claims.

Claims (57)

1. pump that is used for mobile fluid comprises:
A. an actuator housings has the chamber that is used to hold described fluid, and described chamber has and is used to regulate the aperture of fluid of described chamber of flowing through;
B. many individually actuating devices are positioned at described indoor and contact with described fluid;
C. an activating apparatus is used for sequentially activating described individually actuating device,
It is characterized in that each described actuator is all varying sized and apply a locomotivity to the described fluid that is held when being activated.
2. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuator housings comprises two or more chambers that are used for holding with flow communication described fluid.
3. one kind is used to make fluid to be made up of the described pump of claim 1 with the pump that set rate flows, and it is characterized in that, makes described activating apparatus by selected time and the described individually actuating device of sequential activation, thereby moves described fluid by selected speed.
4. pump as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the controller that is used for described activating apparatus, activates described individually actuating device whereby on schedule.
5. pump as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described controller is the programmable microprocessor that a kind of and described activating apparatus is electrically connected.
6. pump as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the detector means of the physical property that is used for determining described fluid it is characterized in that described detector is electrically connected with described control gear also can send to the signal that obtains from described fluid described control gear.
7. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described detected physical property is selected from following group, and described group comprises chemical composition, PH, pressure, temperature and flow rate.
8. a pump that is used for moving along predetermined pathway fluid is made up of the described pump of claim 1, it is characterized in that, limits the stream for described liquid use when selecting the position of described actuator in described actuator housings to be moved with the described liquid of box lunch.
9. pump as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described actuator housings comprises the inlet more than, and each described inlet all can receive a kind of independent fluid; And be to determine independent stream for every kind of fluid.
10. pump as claimed in claim 8 comprises two or more outlets.
11. pump as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, allow the stream of described independent fluid to intersect, thereby the described fluid that allows to be moved mixes.
12. one kind is used for being made up of the described pump of claim 1 with set rate and the pump that moves fluid along predetermined pathway, it is characterized in that, described activating apparatus is by selected each contiguous actuator of time sequencing activatable, and described actuator limits a kind of stream for institute's moving liquid use when being located at by selected position on one or more walls of inner chamber and being activated with the described actuator of box lunch.
13. pump as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described actuator housings is positioned at a kind of inside that holds the chamber of described fluid, and described chamber is a kind of assembly of online fluid handling system, and the entrance and exit of described actuator housings is on the axis of flow of described fluid handling system.
14. pump as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the connection set that is used for described actuator housings is inserted a kind of Online Processing System.
15. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, at least one described actuator is positioned near the described inlet of described actuator housings, and it forms a kind of obstacle that stops described fluid to reflux from described actuator housings when being activated.
16. pump as claimed in claim 1 also comprises a kind ofly contacting with described fluid to stop described actuator with the impermeable liner of elasticity between the holding fluid at described actuator.
17. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuator with respect to described fluid come down to inertia and not with described fluid reaction.
18. pump as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, described actuator is biocompatible.
19. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described individually actuating device is all wrapped up by a kind of material of in fact inertia.
20. pump as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described material is can be semi permeable with respect to electrolytic solution.
21. pump as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described material is impervious.
22. pump as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described actuator is the reversibly elastic material of selecting from following group of response, and described group comprises electroactive polymer, electrolysis, activation polymer gel, light-activated polymers, piezopolymer, piezoceramic material, chemical activation polymer, magnetic activating polymer, thermal activation polymer and shape-memory polymer.
23. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuator is made up of electroactive polymer.
24. pump as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, each described actuator all with the contiguous actuator electric shield.
25. pump as claimed in claim 23 comprises a kind of electric device that is used for activating on schedule the individually actuating device.
26. pump as claimed in claim 23 also comprises the microprocessor that electrically contacts with described electric device, described microprocessor is programmed preface to drive described electric device on schedule, thus on schedule with sequential activation individually actuating device.
27. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuator comprises the electrolyte gel that is activated via contacting with electrolyte.
28. pump as claimed in claim 27 comprises the storage that is used to hold electrolyte solution.
29. pump as claimed in claim 28 comprises a kind of permeable frit between described actuator and described electrolyte solution.
30. pump as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described actuator is by contact the polymer gel that is activated with electrolyte solution, the individually actuating device all wraps up with semipermeable materials, described actuator housings comprises storage and the frit between described storage and described actuator that is used to hold described electrolyte solution, described activating apparatus is a kind of circuit, circuit makes described electrolyte solution flow through described frit from described storage and contacts and leave described polymer with described semipermeable materials with described polymer whereby, so that reversible dimensional changes takes place described actuator.
31. pump as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, described circuit is handled by remote control equipment.
32. pump as claimed in claim 31 is characterized in that, described remote control equipment is by infrared rays or radio-frequency driven.
33. pump as claimed in claim 31 is characterized in that, described remote control equipment comprises that a kind of preface that is programmed is with the microprocessor by seclected time and the described actuator of sequential activation.
34. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuator is made up of the photoresponse polymer.
35. pump as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that, described photoresponse polymer is ionized having under the situation of light.
36. pump as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that, described photoresponse polymer changes PH having under the situation of light.
37. pump as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that, described polymer comprises anthracene.
38. pump as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that, by laser beam, natural light, LED or the quantum light source that is exposed to specific wavelength, controls the activation of described light-activated polymers.
39. pump as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that, utilizes remote control equipment to control the time of described exposure.
40. pump as claimed in claim 39 is characterized in that, described remote control equipment is by infrared rays or radio-frequency driven.
41. pump as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that, utilizes the described remote control equipment of microprocessor driven, described microprocessor is programmed preface with by selected time and the described actuator of sequential activation.
42. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuator is made up of electroactive polymer, is used to the described electroactive polymer of signal direct activation from a circuit.
43. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuator is made up of the chemical activation polymer.
44. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuator is made up of the magnetic activating polymer.
45. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuator is made up of the thermal activation polymer.
46. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuator is made up of marmem.
47. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuator is made up of the piezoelectric ceramics actuator.
48. pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuator is made up of polymer/ceramic piezoelectricity mixture.
49. the described pump of claim 11 as fluid mixing apparatus.
50. the described pump of claim 1 as implantable infusion pump.
51. the described pump of claim 1 as medicament delivery device, be used for liquor or soup being flowed to the individual by controllable rate and controlled time, it is characterized in that described actuator housings comprises single outlet but without any inlet and accommodate the described liquor or the soup that will be transferred.
52. a pump that is used for advancing along a surface object comprises:
A. an actuator housings contacts with described object;
B. many contiguous actuator contact with described actuator housings and contact with described surface; And
C. an activating apparatus is used for sequentially activating each described actuator,
It is characterized in that each described actuator is all varying sized and apply a locomotivity for described surface when being activated, thereby along advancing described solid body in the opposite direction with described locomotivity side.
53. be used to advance a kind of described pump of claim 52 that is suspended in the object on the liquid surface.
54. be used to advance a kind of described pump of claim 52 that is suspended on the object on the solid surface.
55. be used for advancing a kind of described pump of claim 52 that is immersed in the object of liquid.
56. method with the controllable rate pumping fluid, comprise that the described actuator housings of claim 1 is arranged to carry out fluid with described fluid contacts, activates first actuator to stop from described actuator housings backflow and repeatedly to activate contiguous actuator then in order, it is characterized in that, after the activation of one of each actuator occurs in one of its contiguous actuator and has been activated.
57. be used for the described method of claim 56 of the fluid of pumping different viscosities, it is characterized in that described pump comprises two or more actuator housings that are communicated with fluid, each described actuator housings is with different flow rate work.
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US9039389B2 (en) 2015-05-26
WO2004076859A2 (en) 2004-09-10
EP1611353B1 (en) 2012-07-11
US20040234401A1 (en) 2004-11-25
EP1611353A4 (en) 2007-03-07
WO2004076859A3 (en) 2004-12-16
US20140161628A1 (en) 2014-06-12
CN1774577B (en) 2011-06-08
EP2302216A1 (en) 2011-03-30
CA2557325A1 (en) 2004-09-10

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