CN1769094A - Actuating device of fuel cell electric vehicle - Google Patents
Actuating device of fuel cell electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1769094A CN1769094A CNA200410067709XA CN200410067709A CN1769094A CN 1769094 A CN1769094 A CN 1769094A CN A200410067709X A CNA200410067709X A CN A200410067709XA CN 200410067709 A CN200410067709 A CN 200410067709A CN 1769094 A CN1769094 A CN 1769094A
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- fuel cell
- current
- electric vehicle
- driving
- voltage
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydrogen cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates a drive device of fuel battery electric vehicle, comprising a fuel battery, a direct-direct current converter, a driving motor, a foot rest, a speed controller, and a current sensor. Wherein, the output voltage and current of said fuel battery is processed via voltage-current stabilization by the direct-direct current converter to drive driving motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell, in particular to a driving device of a fuel cell electric vehicle.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device capable of converting hydrogen and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst,such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guide plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The flow guide polar plates can be polar plates made of metal materials or polar plates made of graphite materials. The fluid pore channels and the diversion trenches on the diversion polar plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is present, and a guide plate of anode fuel and a guide plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The guide plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the guide grooves on the guide plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid (such as water) and the flow guide channel uniformly distribute the cooling fluid into the cooling channels in each battery pack, and the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of vehicles, ships and other vehicles, and can also be used as a movable and fixed power generation device.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a vehicle power system, a ship power system or a mobile and fixed power station, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell must comprise a cell stack, a fuel hydrogen supply system, an air supply subsystem, a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, an automatic control part and an electric energy output part.
For example, fig. 1 shows a typical fuel cell power generation system, in fig. 1, 1 is a fuel cell stack, 2 is a hydrogen storage bottle or other hydrogen storage device, 3 is a pressure reducing valve, 4 is an air filtering device, 5 is an air compression supply device, 6', 6 are water-vapor separators, 7 is a water tank, 8 is a cooling fluid circulation pump, 9 is a radiator, 10 is a hydrogen circulation pump, and 11, 12 are hydrogen and air humidifying devices.
The power generation principle of a fuel cell is actually that hydrogen fuel in the fuel cell is combined with oxygen in the supply air to the fuel cell to generate water, and this chemical reaction process is a process in which most of chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. The speed at which the fuel cell generates electricity is affected by many factors:
1. the speed and sufficiency of supplying hydrogen fuel, air to the fuel cell;
2. the diffusion rate of hydrogen, oxygen in air, to the electrodes in the fuel cell;
3. the catalytic reaction speed of hydrogen and oxygen in the air in the electrode;
the above three points are related to the design of the power generation capacity of the fuel cell itself.
Generally, when a variable power condition such as starting or accelerating of a fuel cell electric vehicle occurs, or when a user supplied from a fuel cell power plant is loaded, the response of the required fuel cell output power also changes.
Although the design of the rated output power of the fuel cell, that is, the power generation capacity of the fuel cell itself, generally meets the requirement of the maximum power requirement of the vehicle-mounted power source or the power station, when the output power of the fuel cell changes, the output voltage also changes greatly due to the three polarization effects of the fuel cell itself. In general, fuel cell power output increases with increasing current output. A typical one is the 10KW fuel cell volt-ampere-power output curve, as shown in figure 2. A typical volt-ampere-power output curve of a 10KW fuel cell power generation system, from which it can be seen that the fuel cell power generation system, as a power source for an on-vehicle power source, outputs a voltage that varies greatly when the power output varies.
Therefore, when a fuel cell power generation system is used as a power source of a vehicle-mounted power source, a driving system thereof often needs a dc-dc conversion voltage stabilizer, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a driving system of an electric vehicle using a general fuel cell as a power source. In fig. 3, 100 is a fuel cell power generation system (current and voltage are output by positive and negative electrodes), 20 is a first dc-dc conversion voltage stabilizer, 30 is a vehicle speed controller of an electric vehicle drive motor, 40 is an electric vehicle drive motor, and 50 is a pedal.
The electric vehicle driving system mainly comprises a power supply, namely a fuel cell power generation system 100, wherein the output voltage of the fuel cell power generation system is greatly changed along with the increase of current, and the output voltage is firstly subjected to voltage reduction or voltage increase and stabilization through a first direct current-direct current conversion device 20(DC/DC), and the speed of the electric vehicle driving motor is controlled according to the power demand of a driver on a pedal 50, and the controller drives the electric vehicle driving motor 40 to operate.
The electric vehicle driving system has the following technical defects:
1.20, 30 are voltage regulators, each of which has large power loss, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the whole driving system is reduced;
2.20, 30 are expensive and take up a lot of space, weight;
3.20, 30 each device has limited reliability and stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a driving device of a fuel cell electric vehicle, which has low power consumption, small volume and high reliability.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the driving device of fuel cell electric vehicle includes fuel cell, DC-DC converter, driving motor and pedal, and features that it also includes vehicle speed controller and current sensor, and the voltage and current output by the fuel cell are stabilized and stabilized by the DC-DC converter before driving the driving motor directly.
The pedal receives a driving instruction, transmits a weak current signal to the direct current-direct current conversion device through the vehicle speed controller, and controls the voltage and current output of the direct current-direct current conversion device to directly drive the driving motor.
The weak current signals comprise sensing signals from a current sensor and the pedal.
The output voltage of the fuel cell is 100V-60V, and the current is 0A-165A.
The input voltage of the DC-DC conversion device is 100V-60V, and the output voltage is 0V-60V.
The operation principle of the present invention is shown in fig. 4, and the electric drive system mainly outputs power from a power source fuel cell power generation system 100, and since the output voltage of the fuel cell power generation system is greatly changed with the increase of current, a direct current-direct current conversion device (DC-DC) which can be completely adapted to the range between the highest voltage (at the time of minimum current) and the lowest voltage (at the time of maximum current) output from the fuel cell is used to directly drive an electric vehicle drive motor 40. The driver transmits a driving command through the foot pedal 50 through the vehicle speed controller to weak electric signals (sensing signals from the current sensor and the foot pedal) and controls the voltage output of the motor 20, and directly drives the main motor 40.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the main circuit of the driving system of the novel electric vehicle reduces a voltage conversion device and reduces the power self-loss;
2. a main circuit of the driving system reduces a power device with larger volume and weight, and replaces the main circuit with a vehicle speed controller 4 with smaller volume, smaller weight and inexpensive price for weak electric signal conversion;
3. the main circuit (strong current circuit) of the driving system reduces one power device and increases the reliability. A signal conversion device, namely a vehicle speed controller, is adopted in the weak current circuit, so that the overall reliability of the electric vehicle is improved.
4. The vehicle speed controller controls the output power to the U2 (power device) and can be controlled by the pedal and the current sensor signal simultaneously or in a cross mode. Sometimes, the pedal is stepped too hard, the vehicle speed controller is controlled by the current sensor, and thus the output power of the fuel cell power generation system can be controlled more smoothly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional fuel cell power generation system;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the volt-ampere-power output of a prior art 10KW fuel cell;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional electric vehicle driving system using a fuel cell as a power source;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Examples
As shown in fig. 4 in combination with fig. 3, a driving device for a fuel cell electric vehicle includes a fuel cell 100, a dc-dc converter 20, a driving motor 40, a pedal 50, a vehicle speed controller 60, and a current sensor 70, wherein the voltage and current output by the fuel cell 100 are regulated by the dc-dc converter 20 and then directly drive the driving motor 40. The foot pedal 50 receives a driving command and transmits a weak current signal to the dc-dc converter 20 through the vehicle speed controller 60, and controls the voltage and current output thereof to directly drive the driving motor 40. The weak current signals include sensing signals from the current sensor 70 and the foot pedal 50.
Specifically, the present embodiment is a 10KW fuel cell power generation system composed of a fuel cell stack composed of 100 single cells and its supporting and operating system, and is used as an electric tourist coach powered by fuel cells. The driving system of the electric vehicle is shown in fig. 4.
The output voltage range of the fuel cell power generation system is 100V-60V, the current range is 0V-165A, the main driving circuitis provided with a DC-DC voltage conversion device 20 with the input voltage range of 100V-60V and the output voltage range of 0V-60V, and the DC-DC voltage conversion device directly drives and drives the motor main motor 40.
The weak current control part in the driving device is transmitted by a pedal 5 to order a driver, and a current sensor 70 monitors the output current of the fuel cell power generation system 100, the two sensors can be respectively converted into driving signals to control a vehicle speed controller 60, and the vehicle speed controller 60 converts the driving signals into control voltage output signals of the power device 20 on the premise of the accurate increase rate and the range of the output current of the fuel cell power generation system, so as to achieve the purposes of controlling the voltage (60V-0V direct current) output of the power device 20 and controlling the rotating speed or the torque of the driving motor 40.
The driving motor is a DC series motor with 60V rated voltage, the rated power is 5KW, and the peak power is 10 KW.
Claims (5)
1. The driving device of fuel cell electric vehicle includes fuel cell, DC-DC converter, driving motor and pedal, and features that it also includes vehicle speed controller and current sensor, and the voltage and current output by the fuel cell are stabilized and stabilized by the DC-DC converter before driving the driving motor directly.
2. The fuel cell electric vehicle driving apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foot pedal receives a driving command and transmits a weak current signal to the dc-dc converter through the vehicle speed controller, and controls voltage and current outputs thereof to directly drive the driving motor.
3. The fuel cell electric vehicle drive apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said weak electric signal includes a sensing signal from a current sensor and a foot pedal.
4. The fuel cell electric vehicle driving apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the output voltage of the fuel cell is 100V to 60V, and the current is 0A to 165A.
5. The fuel cell electric vehicle driving apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the dc-dc converter has an input voltage of 100V to 60V and an output voltage of 0V to 60V.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200410067709XA CN100415562C (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2004-11-02 | Actuating device of fuel cell electric vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200410067709XA CN100415562C (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2004-11-02 | Actuating device of fuel cell electric vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1769094A true CN1769094A (en) | 2006-05-10 |
| CN100415562C CN100415562C (en) | 2008-09-03 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200410067709XA Active CN100415562C (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2004-11-02 | Actuating device of fuel cell electric vehicle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN100415562C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101117095B (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2010-10-13 | 上海攀业氢能源科技有限公司 | Power control system of the fuel cell electric two-wheel vehicle |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1346759A (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2002-05-01 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Electric power output control system for electric vehicle with combined fuel battery |
| CN1352484A (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2002-06-05 | 北京机电研究所 | Voltage converter for electric automobile fuel battery unit |
| JP3736474B2 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2006-01-18 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| DE10318172B4 (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2005-12-08 | Webasto Ag | Electric vehicle electrical system with fuel cell and method for operating an electrical load in such a vehicle electrical system |
| CN2750946Y (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2006-01-11 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Driving means of electric vehicle with fuel battery |
-
2004
- 2004-11-02 CN CNB200410067709XA patent/CN100415562C/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101117095B (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2010-10-13 | 上海攀业氢能源科技有限公司 | Power control system of the fuel cell electric two-wheel vehicle |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100415562C (en) | 2008-09-03 |
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Owner name: SHANGHAI SHEN-LI HIGH TECH. CO., LTD. STATE GRID C Effective date: 20121214 Owner name: SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHANGHAI SHEN-LI HIGH TECH. CO., LTD. Effective date: 20121214 |
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Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 201401 FENGXIAN, SHANGHAI TO: 200122 PUDONG NEW AREA, SHANGHAI |
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Effective date of registration: 20121214 Address after: 200122 Shanghai City, Pudong New Area source deep road, No. 1122 Patentee after: Shanghai Electric Power Corporation Patentee after: Shanghai Shen-Li High Tech Co., Ltd. Patentee after: State Grid Corporation of China Address before: 201401, Shanghai Industrial Development Zone, dragon Yang Industrial Park, an international 27 Patentee before: Shanghai Shen-Li High Tech Co., Ltd. |