CN1766404A - Automatic monitoring and evaluation system for interference corrosion of buried metal pipelines - Google Patents
Automatic monitoring and evaluation system for interference corrosion of buried metal pipelines Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域:本发明涉及一种能够对埋地金属管线是否存在干扰腐蚀进行自动监测与评估系统,尤其是能够对埋地金属管线是否会受到干扰腐蚀威胁以及受干扰腐蚀威胁的程度进行监测的装置和专用计算机系统。Technical field: The present invention relates to an automatic monitoring and evaluation system for the existence of interference corrosion in buried metal pipelines, especially a device capable of monitoring whether buried metal pipelines are threatened by interference corrosion and the degree of interference corrosion threats and dedicated computer systems.
背景技术:地下各种管线输送着工业和民用的各种介质,是城市生存和发展以及工业生产的生命线,也是最大最快的运输工具。埋地金属管线经常因油气泄漏而引起火灾、爆炸、中毒事故发生。主要原因是腐蚀。各种高低压输电线路、工厂、电气化铁路等会给埋地金属管线产生干扰,使埋地金属管线的腐蚀电位(自然电位)发生变化:(1)腐蚀电位降低使金属容易失去电子,金属变成金属离子溶入土中而产生腐蚀;(2)腐蚀电位升高使金属容易得到电子,金属材料产生氢脆而断裂;(3)腐蚀电位升高使金属容易得到电子,因析出氢气造成防腐涂层脱落使金属更容易被腐蚀。在现有技术中对埋地管线的监测仪器大部分只局限于对已被腐蚀的部位作腐蚀、损害程度测试,而不能作预防性的定期监测,特别是不能实现多点同步测量以及对埋地管线干扰腐蚀程度的分析和评估等功能。Background technology: Various underground pipelines transport various industrial and civil media, which are the lifeline of urban survival and development and industrial production, and are also the largest and fastest means of transportation. Buried metal pipelines often cause fires, explosions, and poisoning accidents due to oil and gas leakage. The main reason is corrosion. Various high and low voltage transmission lines, factories, electrified railways, etc. will interfere with buried metal pipelines, and change the corrosion potential (natural potential) of buried metal pipelines: (1) The reduction of corrosion potential makes metals easy to lose electrons, and metals become Metal ions dissolve into the soil and cause corrosion; (2) The increase in corrosion potential makes the metal easy to obtain electrons, and the metal material is hydrogen embrittled and fractures; (3) The increase in corrosion potential makes the metal easy to obtain electrons, causing corrosion due to the precipitation of hydrogen The peeling off of the coating makes the metal more susceptible to corrosion. In the prior art, most of the monitoring instruments for buried pipelines are limited to testing the corrosion and damage degree of the corroded parts, but cannot be used for preventive regular monitoring, especially cannot realize multi-point synchronous measurement and The analysis and evaluation of ground pipeline interference corrosion degree and other functions.
发明内容:为了保障地下管线安全、有效运行,实现在地面上能多点同步检测出地下管道受周围环境干扰腐蚀的状态及对地下管道干扰腐蚀程度的分析和评估。本发明采用的技术方案是:一种用于埋地金属管线干扰腐蚀自动监测与评估系统,该系统由埋地金属管线干扰腐蚀自动监测装置和专用计算机系统构成。该装置可以独立工作,实现自动定时启动、多点同步测量、采集并记录数据及与专用计算机系统通信;通过专用计算机系统与自动监测装置通信,完成对自动监测装置的设置与数据读取;通过专用计算机系统对采集数据分析、评估,以图表、曲线、文本的形式输出评估结果,尤其实现了对埋地金属管线是否会受到干扰腐蚀威胁以及受干扰腐蚀威胁的程度进行快速评估。自动监测装置是一种可以长时间工作在野外、能够自动测量与记录的智能化仪器。每次测量时,先把这些仪器分放在埋地管道的沿线的各个测量点上,按照设定的时间统一启动,进行同步测量与记录。测量完成以后,再将这些仪器收集回来,通过串行端口与专用计算机系统通信,专用计算机系统将记录的数据读出来,并汇总存储,再进行快速分析处理,最后以曲线、表格和文本的方式给出评估的结果。Summary of the invention: In order to ensure the safe and effective operation of underground pipelines, it is possible to simultaneously detect the state of underground pipelines being disturbed and corroded by the surrounding environment at multiple points on the ground, and to analyze and evaluate the degree of interference and corrosion of underground pipelines. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is: an automatic monitoring and evaluation system for interference corrosion of buried metal pipelines, the system is composed of an automatic monitoring device for interference corrosion of buried metal pipelines and a special computer system. The device can work independently, realize automatic timing start, multi-point synchronous measurement, collect and record data, and communicate with a special computer system; communicate with the automatic monitoring device through the special computer system to complete the setting and data reading of the automatic monitoring device; through The special-purpose computer system analyzes and evaluates the collected data, and outputs the evaluation results in the form of charts, curves, and texts, especially realizing the rapid evaluation of whether buried metal pipelines will be threatened by interference corrosion and the degree of interference corrosion threats. The automatic monitoring device is an intelligent instrument that can work in the field for a long time and can automatically measure and record. For each measurement, first place these instruments at various measurement points along the buried pipeline, start them up at the set time, and perform synchronous measurement and recording. After the measurement is completed, these instruments are collected and communicated with the special computer system through the serial port. The special computer system reads out the recorded data, summarizes and stores them, and then performs rapid analysis and processing. Give the result of the evaluation.
自动监测装置可同时监测交流干扰信号与直流干扰信号,这两种信号分别经过交流信号转换电路和直流信号转换电路处理后再经采集开关电路送AD转换器到MCU,实时时钟芯片和NVRAM芯片是挂接在MCU的数据总线上的。MCU扩展了一个RS 232串行接口电路,用于与专用计算机系统通信。所述的专用计算机系统是由PC机和编写的程序组成的,它完成两项任务:(1)测量:测量前对每个监测装置进行参数设置,测量后由专用计算机系统读取以数据文件方式存放在监测装置的数据;(2)评估:主要依据干扰等效电压及强度谱对数据进行快速分析、评估,输出评估结果。The automatic monitoring device can monitor the AC interference signal and the DC interference signal at the same time. These two signals are respectively processed by the AC signal conversion circuit and the DC signal conversion circuit, and then sent to the AD converter to the MCU through the acquisition switch circuit. The real-time clock chip and the NVRAM chip are It is connected to the data bus of the MCU. The MCU is extended with an RS 232 serial interface circuit for communication with a dedicated computer system. Described special-purpose computer system is made up of PC and written program, and it finishes two tasks: (1) measurement: carry out parameter setting to each monitoring device before measurement, after measurement, be read with data file by special-purpose computer system (2) Evaluation: quickly analyze and evaluate the data mainly based on the interference equivalent voltage and intensity spectrum, and output the evaluation results.
本发明的特点:应用监测装置和专用计算机系统,实现了在地面上能多点同步监测出埋地金属管线受周围环境干扰腐蚀影响的状态并可以提供对埋地金属管线干扰腐蚀程度的分析和评估信息,为查找干扰腐蚀信号产生的原因、被测管线是否需要采取防干扰腐蚀措施、采取什么样的防干扰腐蚀措施提供了可靠的科学依据,以保障埋地金属管线安全、有效运行。The characteristics of the present invention: the application of the monitoring device and the special computer system realizes the multi-point synchronous monitoring on the ground of the state of the buried metal pipeline affected by the interference and corrosion of the surrounding environment, and can provide the analysis and analysis of the interference and corrosion degree of the buried metal pipeline. The evaluation information provides a reliable scientific basis for finding the cause of interference corrosion signals, whether anti-interference and corrosion measures need to be taken for the pipeline under test, and what anti-interference and corrosion measures to take, so as to ensure the safe and effective operation of buried metal pipelines.
监测装置功能先进、操作简单、使用方便,测量过程中实现了无人值守,节省了大量人力和物力。The monitoring device has advanced functions, simple operation and convenient use, and realizes unattended during the measurement process, saving a lot of manpower and material resources.
本发明由于具有以上特点,可以广泛应用于石油管道、供暖管道、供水管道、桥梁、大型建筑物等干扰腐蚀影响的测量。Due to the above characteristics, the present invention can be widely used in the measurement of interference and corrosion effects of oil pipelines, heating pipelines, water supply pipelines, bridges, large buildings and the like.
附图说明:Description of drawings:
图1专用计算机系统的功能框图Figure 1 Functional block diagram of a dedicated computer system
图2埋地金属管线干扰腐蚀自动监测装置原理框图Figure 2 Block diagram of the automatic monitoring device for interference and corrosion of buried metal pipelines
图3是图2中信号转换电路---直流干扰信号转换电路图Figure 3 is the signal conversion circuit in Figure 2 --- DC interference signal conversion circuit diagram
图4是图2中信号转换电路---交流干扰信号转换电路图Figure 4 is the signal conversion circuit in Figure 2 --- AC interference signal conversion circuit diagram
具体实施方式:Detailed ways:
参看图1、图2、图3、图4,埋地金属管线干扰腐蚀自动监测与评估系统是由专用计算机系统和自动监测装置组成。自动监测装置是一种可以独立工作的监测装置,实现自动定时启动,多点同步测量、采集并记录数据,能够与专用计算机系统通信;通过专用计算机系统与自动监测装置通信,完成对自动监测装置的设置与数据读取;通过专用计算机系统对采集数据分析、评估,以图表、曲线、文本的形式输出评估结果,尤其实现了对埋地金属管线是否会受到干扰腐蚀威胁以及受干扰腐蚀威胁的程度进行快速评估。Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 4, the automatic monitoring and evaluation system for interference and corrosion of buried metal pipelines is composed of a special computer system and an automatic monitoring device. The automatic monitoring device is a monitoring device that can work independently, realize automatic timing start, multi-point synchronous measurement, collect and record data, and be able to communicate with the special computer system; communicate with the automatic monitoring device through the special computer system to complete the automatic monitoring device The setting and data reading; through the special computer system to analyze and evaluate the collected data, the evaluation results are output in the form of charts, curves, and texts, especially to realize whether the buried metal pipeline will be threatened by interference corrosion and the threat of interference corrosion. A quick assessment of the level.
所述的自动监测装置可同时监测交流干扰信号与直流干扰信号,这两种信号分别经过交流信号转换电路和直流信号转换电路处理后再经采集开关电路送AD转换器到MCU,实时时钟芯片和NVRAM芯片是挂接在MCU的数据总线上的。MCU扩展了一个RS232串行接口电路,用于与专用计算机系统通信。其中,直流信号转换电路,它将来自硫酸铜参比电极和埋地金属管线测试桩的直流干扰信号转换成适当的测量电压。R05、R06、R07组成分压电路,C04旁路高频干扰,D3、D4是限幅器件,R08匹配电阻,它将信号电压送达下一级电路。直流干扰信号的监测范围是-20~+20V,测量精度为0.001V。交流信号转换电路,它将来自硫酸铜参比电极和埋地金属管线测试桩的交流干扰信号转换成适当的测量电压;C01是隔直流电容,R01、R02、R03组成分压电路,C02、C03、C05旁路高频干扰,D1、D2是限幅器件,R04匹配电阻,AD736是交流真有效值转换电路,C06、C07、C08是AD736工作需要的外围器件;信号电压是从AD736的第6管脚输出的。交流干扰信号的监测范围是0~200V,测量精度为0.01V。The automatic monitoring device can monitor the AC interference signal and the DC interference signal at the same time, and these two signals are respectively processed by the AC signal conversion circuit and the DC signal conversion circuit and then sent to the AD converter through the acquisition switch circuit to the MCU, the real-time clock chip and The NVRAM chip is connected to the data bus of the MCU. The MCU expands an RS232 serial interface circuit for communication with a dedicated computer system. Among them, the DC signal conversion circuit, which converts the DC interference signal from the copper sulfate reference electrode and the buried metal pipeline test pile into an appropriate measurement voltage. R05, R06, and R07 form a voltage divider circuit, C04 bypasses high-frequency interference, D3, D4 are limiting devices, and R08 matches the resistor, which sends the signal voltage to the next stage circuit. The monitoring range of DC interference signal is -20~+20V, and the measurement accuracy is 0.001V. AC signal conversion circuit, which converts the AC interference signal from the copper sulfate reference electrode and buried metal pipeline test pile into an appropriate measurement voltage; C01 is a DC blocking capacitor, R01, R02, R03 form a voltage divider circuit, C02, C03 , C05 bypasses high-frequency interference, D1 and D2 are limiting devices, R04 matching resistors, AD736 is an AC true RMS conversion circuit, C06, C07, and C08 are peripheral devices required for AD736 work; the signal voltage is from the 6th of AD736 pin output. The monitoring range of the AC interference signal is 0-200V, and the measurement accuracy is 0.01V.
所述的专用计算机系统是由PC机和编写的程序组成的,它完成两项任务:(1)测量:测量前对每个监测装置进行参数设置,测量后由专用计算机系统读取以数据文件方式存放在监测装置的数据;(2)评估:主要依据干扰等效电压及强度谱对数据进行快速分析、评估,输出评估结果。其中,Described special-purpose computer system is made up of PC and written program, and it finishes two tasks: (1) measurement: carry out parameter setting to each monitoring device before measurement, after measurement, be read with data file by special-purpose computer system (2) Evaluation: quickly analyze and evaluate the data mainly based on the interference equivalent voltage and intensity spectrum, and output the evaluation results. in,
参数设置项目有:仪器号,测试日期,测量起始时间,测量时长,测量桩号,测量方式,通信速率。所述评估是在计算机的屏幕上显示数据表,腐蚀电位曲线,强度谱图,评估结论文本并用打印机打印输出数据表,腐蚀电位曲线,强度谱图,评估结论文本。所述的腐蚀电位曲线是根据多点同步监测数据的时间对应关系绘制的,为判断干扰腐蚀信号产生原因的提供重要依据。Parameter setting items include: instrument number, test date, measurement start time, measurement duration, measurement stake number, measurement method, and communication rate. The evaluation is to display the data table, corrosion potential curve, intensity spectrum, evaluation conclusion text on the computer screen and print out the data table, corrosion potential curve, intensity spectrum, evaluation conclusion text with a printer. The corrosion potential curve is drawn according to the time correspondence relationship of the multi-point synchronous monitoring data, which provides an important basis for judging the cause of the interference corrosion signal.
实施例:埋地金属管线干扰腐蚀自动监测与评估系统是由专用计算机系统和自动监测装置组成。概括起来可分为:由高性能低功耗MCU构成的自动监测装置--监测装置,实现数据采集、信号处理及存储记录;在特定的通讯协议下实现自动监测装置与专用计算机系统的联机通信,用它实现对仪器的参数设置、数据读取与传输;应用专用计算机系统的数据处理软件,完成对所采集数据的处理、分析、评估。Embodiment: The automatic monitoring and evaluation system for interference and corrosion of buried metal pipelines is composed of a special computer system and an automatic monitoring device. In summary, it can be divided into: an automatic monitoring device composed of a high-performance and low-power MCU--monitoring device, which realizes data acquisition, signal processing, and storage and recording; realizes online communication between the automatic monitoring device and a dedicated computer system under a specific communication protocol , use it to realize the parameter setting, data reading and transmission of the instrument; use the data processing software of the special computer system to complete the processing, analysis and evaluation of the collected data.
埋地金属管线干扰腐蚀监测与分析系统的自动监测装置是以高性能低功耗MCU(89S51)为主控元件,控制着整个装置的运行;信号转换电路作用是将交流或直流干扰信号转换为测量电压信号的电路;为了能够对交流和直流干扰信号同时监测,在装置中应用采集开关电路来实现交流与直流交替采集;AD转换电路的作用是将采集的信号转换成数字信号并输入给MCU,经过转换处理后再保存,A/D转换器选择4位半积分式芯片ICL7035;为了防止数据丢失,用大容量非易失RAM数据存储器记录所采集的数据,它可以在掉电情况下保存数据10年以上,芯片是HONHKONG公司生产HK1255,是一种容量为512K的NVRAM;为了实现多点同步测量,采用实时时钟电路芯片DS12C887实现同步定时启动;因为该装置是长时间工作在野外的,所以没有设计键盘和显示装置,是通过RS232接口电路与专用计算机系统通信来实现仪器的设置;电源电路的作用是把电池的电压转换成整个系统所需要的+5V、-5V电压,主要芯片是7805和ICL7660。要实现本发明的技术方案,首先要对专用计算机系统与监测装置进行通讯连接,即根据测试工程的要求,通过专用计算机系统的用户界面对每台监测装置进行测试参数设置及确定通讯协议;设置的项目包括:仪器号,测试日期的年、月、日,测量起始小时、分钟,实测小时、分钟,交、直流信息等。在这些设置项目中,测试日期、测量起始时间参数决定监测装置自动启动测量的时间。将每台设置好的监测装置沿着管线分放在各个测试桩处;根据每台监测装置设置的参数定时同步启动,实现对管道上的干扰腐蚀信号定时同步监测,即用MCU控制交、直流电位采集电路分别对交、直流干扰信号进行交替转换与采集、实现分时测量,并将数据按照协议规定的格式存放到存储器中;在实时监测过程中,读取即时采集数据,并在监测装置的显示屏上进行时间-电压的曲线描绘。The automatic monitoring device of the buried metal pipeline interference and corrosion monitoring and analysis system uses a high-performance low-power MCU (89S51) as the main control component to control the operation of the entire device; the function of the signal conversion circuit is to convert AC or DC interference signals into A circuit for measuring voltage signals; in order to simultaneously monitor AC and DC interference signals, an acquisition switch circuit is used in the device to realize alternating acquisition of AC and DC; the function of the AD conversion circuit is to convert the acquired signal into a digital signal and input it to the MCU , and then save after conversion, the A/D converter selects 4-bit semi-integral chip ICL7035; in order to prevent data loss, use a large-capacity non-volatile RAM data memory to record the collected data, which can be saved in the case of power failure The data is more than 10 years old, the chip is HK1255 produced by HONHKONG company, which is a kind of NVRAM with a capacity of 512K; in order to realize multi-point synchronous measurement, the real-time clock circuit chip DS12C887 is used to realize synchronous timing start; because the device works in the field for a long time, Therefore, no keyboard and display device are designed, and the setting of the instrument is realized by communicating with the dedicated computer system through the RS232 interface circuit; the function of the power supply circuit is to convert the voltage of the battery into +5V and -5V voltages required by the entire system, and the main chip is 7805 and ICL7660. To realize the technical solution of the present invention, at first the dedicated computer system and the monitoring device will be connected through communication, that is, according to the requirements of the test project, each monitoring device will be tested with the user interface of the computer system and the communication protocol is determined; The items include: instrument number, year, month, and day of test date, measurement start hour, minute, actual measurement hour, minute, AC and DC information, etc. Among these setting items, the parameters of test date and measurement start time determine the time when the monitoring device automatically starts measurement. Distribute each set monitoring device at each test pile along the pipeline; start synchronously according to the parameters set by each monitoring device to realize timing and synchronous monitoring of interference corrosion signals on the pipeline, that is, use MCU to control AC and DC power The bit acquisition circuit alternately converts and collects the AC and DC interference signals, realizes time-sharing measurement, and stores the data in the memory according to the format specified in the protocol; The time-voltage curve is drawn on the display screen.
实现监测装置上的MCU与专用计算机系统的联机通信,用它实现对仪器的参数设置、数据传输:即将监测装置上的单片机串行通信接口经RS-232C通讯电缆与专用计算机系统联机,传输所采集的数据到专用计算机系统;专用计算机系统与监测装置的通信包括所有专用计算机系统需要和监测装置联机的部分。首先监测装置的工作参数是需要通过专用计算机系统来设定的。其次,监测装置的所有数据都要传输到专用计算机系统,专用计算机系统要处理的数据全部来自监测装置,所以通讯方式是连接二者的关键。在整个通信过程中需要解决双方的传输方式、传输数据正确性检验等问题。监测装置与专用计算机系统通信是通过单片机内部的全双工串行口,采用异步通信方式。由于专用计算机系统和监测装置所进行的通信操作较多,双方为了了解对方所传输数据的信息含义必须进行规划共同的通信协议,只有这样才能知道对方向己方发送数据的含义。专用计算机系统与监测装置只有共同遵循通信协议才能实现彼此数据的正确传输。所述通信协议主要包括:联机协议、专用计算机系统对监测装置的设置字协议、专用计算机系统对监测装置的数据传输字协议、专用计算机系统要求监测装置清空数据存储区协议、专用计算机系统要求监测装置传送实时监测的电压数据的通信协议以及专用计算机系统要求得到监测装置的时钟协议。Realize the on-line communication between the MCU on the monitoring device and the special computer system, and use it to realize the parameter setting and data transmission of the instrument: the serial communication interface of the single-chip microcomputer on the monitoring device is connected to the special computer system through the RS-232C communication cable, and the data transmission is carried out. The collected data is sent to the special computer system; the communication between the special computer system and the monitoring device includes all the parts that the special computer system needs to be connected with the monitoring device. First of all, the working parameters of the monitoring device need to be set through a special computer system. Secondly, all the data of the monitoring device must be transmitted to the special computer system, and all the data to be processed by the special computer system come from the monitoring device, so the communication method is the key to connect the two. During the entire communication process, problems such as the transmission mode of both parties and the correctness verification of the transmitted data need to be resolved. The communication between the monitoring device and the special computer system is through the full-duplex serial port inside the single-chip microcomputer, and adopts the asynchronous communication method. Due to the many communication operations performed by the dedicated computer system and the monitoring device, both parties must plan a common communication protocol in order to understand the information meaning of the data transmitted by the other party. Only in this way can they know the meaning of the data sent by the other party. Only when the dedicated computer system and the monitoring device follow the communication protocol can they realize the correct data transmission of each other. The communication protocol mainly includes: an online protocol, a protocol for setting the monitoring device by the special computer system, a data transmission protocol for the monitoring device by the special computer system, a protocol for the special computer system to require the monitoring device to clear the data storage area, and a protocol for the special computer system to require monitoring A communication protocol for the device to transmit real-time monitored voltage data and a dedicated computer system requires a clock protocol for the monitoring device.
应用专用计算机系统的数据处理软件,完成对所采集数据的处理、分析、评估:即专用计算机系统对保存的数据进行处理、分析,同时对埋地管线干扰腐蚀的状况进行评估,以数据表格和文本的形式给出结果。专用计算机系统的数据处理包括专用计算机系统接受监测装置传输过来的数据以及对数据格式的转化和数据的保存方式,实时监测、描绘数据曲线、数据的分析、统计及打印。软件设计的关键技术是利用专家系统原理解决数据的统计与评估,为被测管道是否需要采取防腐措施、采取什么样的防腐措施提供了可靠的科学依据,以保障地下管线安全、有效运行。软件处理问题的主要依据以下参数:(1)国家标准中规定的参数;(2)管道的材质及尺寸;(3)土壤的化学成分等。这些参数以输入选项的形式输入给计算机,计算机结合测量数据并经过计算、统计和逻辑判断、推理,提供对埋地管线干扰腐蚀状况的准确评估信息。同时,由于腐蚀电位曲线是根据多点同步监测数据的时间对应关系绘制的,所以可以判断出干扰腐蚀信号的来源。The data processing software of the special computer system is used to complete the processing, analysis and evaluation of the collected data: that is, the special computer system processes and analyzes the stored data, and at the same time evaluates the interference and corrosion status of the buried pipeline, and uses the data form and The results are given in text form. The data processing of the special computer system includes the special computer system accepting the data transmitted by the monitoring device, converting the data format and saving the data, real-time monitoring, drawing data curves, data analysis, statistics and printing. The key technology of software design is to use the principle of expert system to solve the statistics and evaluation of data, which provides a reliable scientific basis for whether anti-corrosion measures need to be taken for the pipeline under test and what kind of anti-corrosion measures to take, so as to ensure the safe and effective operation of underground pipelines. The main basis for the software to deal with the problem is the following parameters: (1) the parameters specified in the national standard; (2) the material and size of the pipeline; (3) the chemical composition of the soil, etc. These parameters are input to the computer in the form of input options, and the computer provides accurate evaluation information on the interference and corrosion status of buried pipelines through calculation, statistics, logical judgment and reasoning based on the measurement data. At the same time, since the corrosion potential curve is drawn according to the time correspondence of multi-point synchronous monitoring data, the source of the interference corrosion signal can be judged.
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CN101865817A (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2010-10-20 | 天津大学 | Sensor and detection method for buried metal corrosion detection |
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