CN1760392A

CN1760392A - Method for preparing intermediate alloy of aluminum, silicon and posphor

Info

Publication number: CN1760392A
Application number: CN 200510044827
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘相法; 刘相俊; 边秀房
Original assignee: Shandong University
Current assignee: Shandong University
Priority date: 2005-09-28
Filing date: 2005-09-28
Publication date: 2006-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 2025-09-28
Also published as: CN100389220C

Abstract

A process for preparing the Al-Si-P intermediate alloy, which contains proportionaly Al, Si, P, Cu, Ni, Ti, and C or B, includes such steps as proportionally providing industrial pure Al, and the intermediate alloys Si-15P, Si-20Ni-20P, Cu-20P-15Si, and Al-5Ti-1C or Al-5Ti-1B, smelting industrial pure Al, adding Al-5Ti-1C or Al-5Ti-1B, stirring, adding Si-15P and Si-20Ni-20P, stirring, adding Cu-20P-15Si, stirring and casting.

Description

The preparation method of a kind of aluminium, silicon, phosphorus master alloy

One, technical field

The invention belongs to metal material field, particularly relate to a kind of polynary Al-Si-Po master alloy that is used for refinement Al-Si-Cu-Ni piston alloy primary silicon and preparation method thereof.

Two, background technology

The method that general employing phosphorates in the industrial production is come the primary silicon in the refinement Al-Si-Cu-Ni piston alloy, mainly is to add the processing of going bad with red phosphorus, microcosmic salt or phosphorus-forms such as copper master alloy.But these methods all exist many shortcomings: the burning-point of red phosphorus is about 240 ℃, discharges a large amount of deleterious P during rotten the processing ₂O ₅Gas, serious environment pollution; Also there is problem of environmental pollution in microcosmic salt modification effect instability in the use; Phosphorus-copper master alloy density is big, fusing point is high, is leaving standstill under the stove melting condition, joins the easy precipitation in back, infusibilityization in the aluminium alloy melt, the modification effect instability, and make copper content increase in the alloy.Owing to have good structural similarity between silicon crystal itself and the AlP, can play the effect of solid phosphorus, and silicon is the main alloy element in the Al-Si-Cu-Ni piston alloy, and the silicon in polynary Al-Si-P master alloy and the Al-Si-Cu-Ni piston alloy, copper, nickel content are suitable.Therefore, when adopting polynary Al-Si-P master alloy that this multicomponent alloy is gone bad processing, can not cause the variation of other composition outside the dephosphorization, avoid the waste product that causes because of the chemical alloying off analysis.

Three, summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly can play efficient metamorphism the primary silicon in the Al-Si-Cu-Ni piston alloy, pollution-free, easy to use, and the preparation method of a kind of aluminium with low cost, silicon, phosphorus master alloy.

The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

This polynary Al-Si-P master alloy, its chemical ingredients mass percent is: aluminium 60.0-85.0%, silicon 8.0-26.0%, phosphorus 2.0-7.5%, copper 1.3-5.0%, nickel 0.6-4.0%, titanium 0.05-0.5%, carbon or boron 0.01-0.1%.

Wherein, phosphorus is distributed on the aluminum substrate with the aluminium phosphide form in this master alloy, and aluminium phosphide and silicon crystal all belong to the diamond lattice structure.Therefore, aluminium phosphide can serve as the heterogeneous central role of primary silicon, thereby primary silicon is played metamorphism.Phosphorus adds with three kinds of rich phosphorus alloy intermediate forms, is accompanied by to have added silicon, copper, nickel element, and they are main alloy element of Al-Si-Cu-Ni piston alloy, all play the effect of reinforced aluminum matrix.Titanium and boron exist with the TiB2 form, add by Al-5Ti-1B master alloy form; Titanium and carbon exist with the titanium carbide compound form, are to add by Al-5Ti-1C master alloy form.TiB2 and titanium carbide play the effect of phosphor-curing agent in the Al-Si-P master alloy, further improve the phosphorus content in the Al-Si-P master alloy.

The preparation method of above-mentioned polynary Al-Si-P master alloy, realize by following steps:

(1) takes by weighing raw material by commercial-purity aluminium 50.40～84.04%, Al-5Ti-lC or Al-5Ti-1B master alloy 1～10%, Si-15P master alloy 7～15%, Si-20Ni-20P master alloy 3.0～20.0%, low melting point Cu-20P-15Si master alloy 2.0～7.7% mass ratioes.

(2) in smelting furnace, fine aluminium is melted to 780～980 ℃, at first adds Al-5Ti-1C or the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy that has taken by weighing, stirred 1-3 minute; Add Si-15P and Si-20Ni-20P master alloy simultaneously, and stirred 10-20 minute; Add low melting point Cu-20P-15Si master alloy at last, stir after reaction finishes.

(3) direct casting ingot-forming.

This master alloy has that fusing point is low, add-on is little, advantages such as modification effect is good, stable and long-acting, add-on less than 0.5% situation under, the size that can make the primary silicon in the Al-Si alloy is a kind of novel high-efficiency environment friendly type alterant by refineing to below the 30 μ m more than the 150 μ m.

Four, embodiment

Provide several preferred example of the present invention below.

Embodiment 1

(1) takes by weighing raw material by commercial-purity aluminium 72%, Al-5Ti-1C master alloy 5%, Si-15P master alloy 10%, Si-20P-20Ni master alloy 8%, low melting point Cu-20P-15Si master alloy 5% mass percent.

(2) in smelting furnace, fine aluminium is melted to 820～850 ℃, adds the Al-5Ti-1C master alloy that has taken by weighing, stirred 2 minutes; Add Si-15P and Si-20Ni-20P master alloy simultaneously, and stirred 15 minutes; Add low melting point Cu-20P-15Si master alloy at last, stir after reaction finishes.

(3) direct casting ingot-forming.

Obtain a kind of polynary Al-Si-P master alloy of optimal components according to said ratio and technology, the mass percent of its chemical ingredients is: phosphorus 3.8-4.1, and silicon 13.8-14.5, copper 3.1-3.3, nickel 1.5-1.7, titanium 0.23-0.27, carbon 0.04-0.06, all the other are aluminium.

Embodiment 2

(1) takes by weighing raw material by commercial-purity aluminium 72%, Al-5Ti-1B master alloy 5%, Si-15P master alloy 10%, Si-20P-20Nio master alloy 8%, low melting point Cu-20P-15Si master alloy 5% mass percent.

(2) in smelting furnace, fine aluminium is melted to 820～850 ℃, adds the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy that has taken by weighing, stirred 2 minutes; Add Si-15P and Si-20Ni-20P master alloy simultaneously, and stirred 15 minutes; Add low melting point Cu-20P-15Si master alloy at last, stir after reaction finishes.

(3) direct casting ingot-forming.

The polynary Al-Si-P master alloy of producing, the mass percent of its chemical ingredients is: phosphorus 3.8-4.1, silicon 13.8-14.5, copper 3.1-3.3, nickel 1.5-1.7, titanium 0.23-0.27, boron 0.04-0.06, all the other are aluminium.

Embodiment 3

According to adding technology and the melting method of embodiment 1, different is that proportioning raw materials and smelting temperature change.Its proportioning raw materials is: commercial-purity aluminium 52%, Al-5Ti-1C master alloy 9%, Si-15P master alloy 14%, Si-20Ni-20P master alloy 18%, low melting point Cu-20P-15Si master alloy 7% mass ratio take by weighing raw material.Its smelting temperature is: 940-970 ℃.The polynary Al-Si-P master alloy of producing, the mass percent of its chemical ingredients is: phosphorus 7.0-7.2, silicon 23.2-23.8, copper 4.4-4.6, nickel 3.5-3.7, titanium 0.43-0.46, boron 0.08-0.10, all the other are aluminium.

Embodiment 4

According to adding technology and the melting method of embodiment 2, different is that proportioning raw materials and smelting temperature change.Its proportioning raw materials is: commercial-purity aluminium 82%, Al-5Ti-1C master alloy 2%, Si-15P master alloy 9%, Si-20Ni-20P master alloy 4%, low melting point Cu-20P-15Si master alloy 3% mass ratio take by weighing raw material.Its smelting temperature is: 790-810 ℃.The polynary Al-Si-P master alloy of producing, the mass percent of its chemical ingredients is; Phosphorus 2.6-2.8, silicon 10.0-10.5, copper 1.8-2.0, nickel 0.7-0.9, titanium 0.04-0.06, boron 0.008-0.012, all the other are aluminium.

Claims

1, the preparation method of a kind of aluminium, silicon, phosphorus master alloy, comprise aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, copper, nickel and titanium elements, it is characterized in that also contain at least a in carbon, the boron, the mass percent of each component is: aluminium 60.0-85.0%, silicon 8.0-26.0%, phosphorus 2.0-7.5%, copper 1.3-5.0%, nickel 0.6-4.0%, titanium 0.05-0.5%, carbon or boron 0.01-0.1%; Its method steps is as follows:

(1) mass ratio by commercial-purity aluminium 50.40～84.04%, Al-5Ti-1C or Al-5Ti-1B master alloy 1～10%, Si-15P master alloy 7～15%, Si-20Ni-20P master alloy 3.0～20.0%, low melting point Cu-20P-15Si master alloy 2.0～7.7% takes by weighing raw material.

(2) in smelting furnace, fine aluminium is melted to 780 ℃～980 ℃, at first adds Al-5Ti-1C or the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy that has taken by weighing, after stirring 1-3 minute; Add Si-15P and Si-20Ni-20P master alloy more simultaneously, and stirred 10-20 minute; Add low melting point Cu-20P-15Si master alloy at last, directly casting ingot-forming of back reacts completely and stirs.