CN1759387A - Automated method for discriminating the cardiac beat - Google Patents
Automated method for discriminating the cardiac beat Download PDFInfo
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- CN1759387A CN1759387A CNA2004800067701A CN200480006770A CN1759387A CN 1759387 A CN1759387 A CN 1759387A CN A2004800067701 A CNA2004800067701 A CN A2004800067701A CN 200480006770 A CN200480006770 A CN 200480006770A CN 1759387 A CN1759387 A CN 1759387A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/0255—Recording instruments specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/02108—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7239—Details of waveform analysis using differentiation including higher order derivatives
Abstract
The invention concerns an automated method for discriminating the cardiac beat, on the basis of a blood pressure sampled signal, having a starting point Pstart, characterised in that it operates according to a finite state machine for determining at least the diastolic point Pdia, the systolic point Psys, and the dicrotic point Pdic of the pressure signal, the method being apt to iteratively repeat on subsequent sections of the pressure signal. The present invention further concerns the instruments necessary to perform the automated method and the apparatus performing the same.
Description
The present invention relates to be used for to begin to distinguish the automatic mode of heartbeat from the pressure curve that analysis records, be can easy realization, cheap and highly reliable, this method is suitable for the subsequent section of pressure signal is repeated iteratively.
The invention still further relates to and carry out required instrument and the device of automatic mode.
As everyone knows, the estimation of biological signals has fundamental position in diagnostics and clinical medicine.
Especially, developed the Several Methods that is used to estimate the blood pressure curve that has recorded in recent years, and they are realized with relevant device.
Yet these methods and relevant device have presented some shortcomings.
At first, they are not suitable for all testing conditions, and testing conditions is to depend on may showing and measuring condition and variable of patient, pathology.As example, this equipment can not be identified in the ECG signal of obtaining during the cardiac operation.
In addition, reliable apparatus is just complicated more more for they, and therefore expensive more.
Therefore, target of the present invention provides the automatic mode that is used for beginning to distinguish from the pressure curve that analysis records heartbeat, it be can easyly realize, cheap and highly reliable.
Another target of the present invention provides carries out required instrument and the device of automatic mode.
Particular topic of the present invention is based on the automatic mode that the blood pressure sampled signal is used for distinguishing heartbeat, and it has starting point Pstart and characterizes to operate according to finite state machine, and this finite state machine comprises:
A. first state (1), wherein this method search:
-pressure bare minimum Pmin, this is included in the force value of the very first time at interval by scanning and obtains, this very first time be no more than at interval from starting point Pstart to and definite minimum value Pmin distance be the interval of the point of very first time threshold value DTMIN_SYS,
-pressure bare maximum Pmin, this obtains by the force value that scanning was included in second time interval, this second time interval be no more than from starting point Pstart to and definite minimum value Pmin the distance be the interval of the point of the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS, and
-be included in the pressure signal first order derivative maximal value Y1max_postdia in the 3rd time threshold, the 3rd time interval be no more than from starting point Pstart to and definite minimum value Pmin distance be the interval of point of period of equaling the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS
This method postulated point Pmin is diastole point Pdia, and some Pmax is heart contraction point Psys, and enters following second state (2);
B. second state (2), wherein this method is searched for heart contraction point Psys pressure signal deformation point Pinfection afterwards in the 5th time interval, the 5th time interval was no more than from heart contraction point Psys and begins and sustained periods of time equals the interval of the 3rd time threshold DTMAX_MINY1_SYS, and this method enters the following third state (3) then;
C. the third state (3), wherein whether this 6th time interval of method validation is no more than from deformation point Pinfection and begins and sustained periods of time equals the interval of the 4th time threshold DTMAX_SYS2Y1DIC, this pressure signal presents the peak value with downward concavity, thereby:
If-checking result is for affirming, then this method is searched for the first pressure curve relative minimum in the 7th time interval, the 7th time interval was no more than from deformation point Pinfection and begins and sustained periods of time equals the interval of the 4th time threshold DTMAX_SYS2Y1DIC, and it supposes that the latter is dicrotic pulse point Pdic, and is opposite
If-checking result is for negating, then search for the pressure signal second derivative in described the 7th time interval be the moment of maximal value Y2max_postinflection to this method, and its supposes that related pressure signaling point is dicrotic pulse point Pdic,
This method enters following four condition (4) then;
D. four condition (4), wherein this method is searched for the maximal value Y1MAX_postdic of pressure signal first order derivative in the 8th interval, the 8th is no more than at interval from dicrotic pulse point Pdic and begins and sustained periods of time equals the interval of the 5th time threshold DPOSTDIC, the maximal value Y1max_postdia value of being not less than Y1max_postdic that this method validation is determined in first state (1), thereby:
If-checking result is for negating, then method turns back to first state (1), suppose new starting point Pstart be diastole point Pdia afterwards rather than dicrotic pulse point Pdic point afterwards, on the contrary,
If-checking result is for affirming that then method proceeds to end-state (7); And
E. end-state (7), wherein this method is suitable for providing diastole point Pdia, heart contraction point Psys and dicrotic pulse point Pdic.
According to the present invention, this method is also searched in first state in addition:
-be included in the pressure signal second derivative maximal value Y2max_diatosys in the 4th time interval, the 4th time interval be no more than from starting point Pstart to and definite minimum value Pmin distance be the interval of point of period of equaling the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS
Thereby this method is also searched for pressure signal second derivative maximal value Y2max_postdic in the 8th interval in four condition, and this method is also verified the maximal value Y2max_postsys value of the being not less than Y2max_postdic that determines in first state (1), thereby:
If the result of-checking is for negating, then method turns back to first state (1), suppose new starting point Pstart be diastole point Pdia afterwards rather than dicrotic pulse point Pdic point afterwards, on the contrary,
If-checking result is for affirming that then method proceeds to end-state (7).
Always according to the present invention, in first state (1), some Pmin and Pmax is assumed to be diastole point Pdia respectively and heart contraction point Psys can be dependent on the checking result of a Pmin before a Pmax, thereby:
If-checking result is for negative, then method is returned to carry out all operations of first state, and ground zero Pstart is not the point before Pmin, and is opposite
If-checking result, then puts Pmin for certainly and is assumed to be diastole point Pdia and puts Pmax and be assumed to be heart contraction point Psys, and method proceeds to second state subsequently.
Still according to the present invention, finite state machine can comprise the 5th state according to its operation, method proceeds to end-state from four condition by arriving first the 5th state, method is determined the pressure signal point P3 corresponding to instant t 3 in the 5th state, the pressure signal second derivative is supposed the bare minimum Y2min_systodic in the 9th interval in instant t 3, the 9th is no more than the interval from heart contraction point Psys to dicrotic pulse point Pdic at interval, and this method proceeds to the end-state that is suitable for providing a P3 then.
According to the present invention, the described the 9th at interval preferably the centre in the interval that comprises between heart contraction point Psys and dicrotic pulse point Pdic is instantaneous
tsys+(tdic-tsys)/2
Arrive the instantaneous of dicrotic pulse point Pdic
tdic，
Wherein tsys is instantaneous corresponding to heart contraction point Psys, and tdic is instantaneous corresponding to dicrotic pulse point Pdic.
According to the present invention, this method can verify whether pressure signal detects on main artery in four condition in addition, thereby:
If the result of-checking is opposite for affirming that then this method proceeds to end-state
If the result of-checking is for negative, then this method proceeds to the 5th state.
Especially, this checking can be carried out as the input of manipulater based on the data of relevant point detection signal.This input data can be advantageously provided the value of suitable register, or this method can only be verified the mark of this value at four condition.
Always according to the present invention, finite state machine can comprise the 6th state according to its operation, wherein this method is in this situation: verified that when in the third state pressure signal presents the peak value with downward concavity in the 6th time interval, entering end-state after four condition before, this method arrives the 6th state, this method is searched for dicrotic pulse point Pdic (being peak value) relative maximum point P4 afterwards in described the 6th time interval in the 6th state, and this method enters the end-state that is suitable for providing a P4 then.
Still according to the present invention, this method also can be searched for the relative smallest point Pend of pressure signal in the tenth interval in the 6th state, the tenth be no more than at interval from dicrotic pulse point Pdic to and dicrotic pulse point Pdic distance be the interval that the Ptermination of the 6th time threshold DENDPOSTDIC order, this method is suitable for providing a Pend in the definite situation at a Pend in end-state in the 6th state.
According to the present invention, this method is preferably in determines a search point Pend after the some P4, and the described the tenth at interval from a P4 to a Ptermination.
Always according to the present invention, the 6th time threshold DENDPOSTDIC is preferably long unlike 150 milliseconds.
According to the present invention, this method can enter the 6th state since the 5th state in addition.
Always according to the present invention, this method can be searched for first Pdec that belongs to the pressure signal decline stage after starting point Pstart in first state, the very first time at interval can from the first drop point Pdec to the point of definite minimum value Pmin at a distance of very first time threshold value DTMIN_SYS, and second time interval can from the first drop point Pdec to the point of definite minimum value Pmin at a distance of the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS.
Still according to the present invention, third and fourth time interval can from the first drop point Pdec to the point of definite minimum value Pmin at a distance of the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS.
In addition according to the present invention, third and fourth time interval can from determine minimum value Pmin to the point of definite minimum value Pmin at a distance of the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS.
Perhaps according to the present invention, third and fourth time interval can be from determining that minimum value Pmin is to definite maximal value Pmax.
Always according to the present invention, in second state, this method can be searched for a Pinfection by the bare minimum Y1min_postsys of search pressure signal first order derivative in the 5th time interval, supposes that the pressure signal point of its first order derivative hypothesis bare minimum Y1min_postsys is deformation point Pinflection.
Still according to the present invention, the bare maximum Y1max_postsys that this method can be by search pressure signal first order derivative in the third state and by this value of checking Y1max_postsys for just, verify whether pressure signal presents the peak value that has downward concavity in the 6th time interval, thereby present described peak value for the timing pressure signal at Y1max_postsys on duty.
In addition according to the present invention, what this method can be when search pressure signal first order derivative be null value in described the 7th time interval in the third state is instantaneous, comes search pressure curve first relative minimum in the 7th time interval.
Always according to the present invention, in four condition, the 8th at interval in to the search of the first order derivative maximal value Y1max_postdic and the second derivative maximal value Y2max_postdic of pressure signal, and to neither greater than the checking of determined maximal value Y1max_postdia and Y2max_diatosys in first state, can only be in the third state this method verified in the 6th time interval internal pressure signal presents the situation of the peak value that has downward concavity and carried out.
Still according to the present invention, when this method when four condition turns back to first state, can suppose just determining that the point before the dicrotic pulse point Pdic is new starting point Pstart.
According to the present invention, very first time threshold value DTMIN_SYS should be not more than 200 milliseconds, preferably is not more than 150 milliseconds.
Always according to the present invention, the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS should be not more than 380 milliseconds, preferably is not more than 350 milliseconds.
Still according to the present invention, the 3rd time threshold DTMAX_MIN1_SYS should be not more than 250 milliseconds, preferably is not more than 200 milliseconds.
Always according to the present invention, the 4th time threshold DTMAX_SYS2Y1DIC should be not more than 250 milliseconds, preferably is not more than 200 milliseconds.
Still according to the present invention, the 5th time threshold DPOSTDIC should be not more than 200 milliseconds, preferably is not more than 150 milliseconds.
Always according to the present invention, pressure signal is preferably sampled with the frequency of 1kHz.
According to the present invention, this method can be returned from end-state in addition, being that new starting point Pstart carries out first state iteratively by the point after the hypothesis dicrotic pulse point Pdic.
Always according to the present invention, when method when the 4th or the 5th state arrives end-state, this method can be returned from end-state, with by being that the point of the 7th time threshold DNEW is that new starting point Pstart carries out first state iteratively after the hypothesis dicrotic pulse point Pdic and apart from dicrotic pulse point, the 7th time threshold preferably is not less than 1 millisecond and is not more than 150 milliseconds.
Still according to the present invention, when this method when the 6th state arrives end-state, in the situation of in the 6th state, having determined some Pend, this method can be returned from end-state, to be that new starting point Pstart carries out first state iteratively, suppose that preferably just the point before a Pend is ground zero Pstart by putting Pend point before after the hypothesis dicrotic pulse point Pdic.
In addition according to the present invention, when this method when the 6th state arrives end-state, when in the 6th state, not determining in the situation of some Pend, this method can be returned from end-state, to be that new starting point Pstart carries out first state iteratively, suppose that preferably just the point before a Ptermination is ground zero Pstart by the point a Ptermination after after the hypothesis dicrotic pulse point Pdic and not.
Another particular topic of the present invention be comprise input and/or output interface device, memory storage and treating apparatus and aforementionedly be used to distinguish that the automatic mode of heartbeat is the computing machine of sign to be suitable for carrying out.
Another particular topic of the present invention is the device that is suitable for detecting and analyzing blood pressure, comprises computing machine and blood pressure detector, and is sign with described computing machine for computing machine is shown.
A particular topic more of the present invention is aforementionedly to be used to distinguish that the code device of the automatic mode of heartbeat is the computer program of sign to comprise carrying out when being suitable on running on computing machine.
Another particular topic of the present invention is computer-readable stored programme and is that described computer program is the storage medium of sign with this program.
The present invention will be especially with reference to accompanying drawing as an illustration and unrestricted preferred embodiment is described according to it, wherein in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 illustrates the synoptic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the inventive method by its state machine of operating;
Fig. 2 illustrates the synoptic diagram of first state of the state machine of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 illustrates the synoptic diagram of the third state of the state machine of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 illustrates first pressure curve that the preferred embodiment by the method according to this invention detects and analyzes;
Fig. 5 illustrates second pressure curve that the preferred embodiment by the method according to this invention detects and analyzes.
In the accompanying drawings, same numeral is used for representing similar elements.
The inventor has developed a kind of method that can identify the pressure signal of cardiac cycle, and its purpose is passed through the party Method can be identified the fact of the signal that obtains the electrocardiogram littler during cardiac operation and confirm. According to this Inventive method detection of biological signal, feature maximum point and smallest point and the spy of some physiological status of search expression Levy intermediate point.
More specifically, method can be known at the pressure curve that intra-operative produces according to the invention enables by heart Not. The inventor has developed a kind of method, and it considers that the pressure wave of heartbeat is assumed to be a series of clearly defined shape The fact of shape, and the characteristic point of their definite curve, they are considered as will be by the event of the method detection. When showing as different conditions in identification heartbeat characteristic point, the method for being developed by the developer can be used as finite state machine Operate.
Especially, in order to determine the heartbeat in artery and/or the venous system, the method is determined heart according to the present invention Contraction phase and diastole stage. Cardiac systolic stage reaches the peak (except anti-when reaching the pressure relative maximum It is outer to fight), and the diastole stage reaches peak (except ill-condition) when reaching the pressure relative minimum. In addition, The dicrotism otch (notch) that this method is also determined thirdly-is associated with heartbeat. Dicrotic pulse point is that cardiac valves is closed Point, and it on mathematics corresponding to the maximum of points of second dervative, or corresponding to after heart contraction point, occurring The relative minimum point of pressure curve. Therefore, finite state machine is at first determined this 3 point. Then, in order to verify Determine point effectively corresponding to heartbeat for these three, this method determines that according to the present invention subsequently sequence of events is with just The order of determining occurs. In the sure situation that the subsequently event of this order takes place, method will before determine three Individual point is identified as the characteristic point of the heartbeat that finishes when the diastole of subsequently heartbeat.
With reference to Fig. 1, can see that state machine comprises seven main states, wherein the method according to this invention is operated according to state machine.
In first state 1, this method analysis forms the available pressure value sequence that records pressure curve, so that determine:
-be assumed to be pressure (relatively) minimum value of diastole point Pdia;
-be assumed to be pressure (relatively) maximal value of heart contraction point Psys;
The maximal value Y1max_postdia of the pressure first order derivative that comprises between-diastolic value and the heart contraction value; And
The maximal value Y2max_diatosys of the pressure second derivative that comprises between-diastolic value and the heart contraction value.
Especially, the continuous difference on instantaneous of pressure first order derivative and pressure curve two is proportional, and the continuous difference on instantaneous of pressure second derivative and pressure first order derivative two is proportional.Or rather, scale-up factor equal two continuous instantaneous between the inverse of difference, promptly equal the inverse in pressure signal sampling period.Do not lose validity, the preferred embodiment of this method is assumed to be unit (unitary) with two continuous differences between instantaneous, thereby the pressure first order derivative equals the continuous difference on instantaneous of two of pressure curve, and the pressure second derivative equals the continuous difference on instantaneous of two of first order derivative.
In the following description, must consider the sampled point of pressure curve, and consider relevant derivative one by one in chronological order.The pressure curve that records is preferably sampled with the frequency of 1kHz, thus 1 millisecond of this sequence force value each interval.
With reference to Fig. 2, can see that state 1 comprises 4 sub-states.
In sub-state 1.0, determine that first Pdec belongs to the decline stage of pressure curve, thereby cause arriving the relative minimum point.Thisly determine preferably to realize by first of its value of search on pressure curve less than more preceding value.In case determined this Pdec, method proceeds to following sub-state 1.1.
In sub-state 1.1, the bare minimum point Pmin of method search pressure curve.According to the present invention in the preferred embodiment of the method shown in the accompanying drawing, search to a Pmin is undertaken by value that compares each curve point P (i) and the value of putting Pmin_current, point Pmin_current stores the point of the minimum value that (comprises from Pdec to just considering the each point of P (i) some P (i-1) before) in the curved portion with previous inspection, thereby Pmin_current uses with its some P (i) relatively and upgrades, promptly
Pmin_current＝P(i) [1]
In the latter has situation than low value, promptly working as
Pmin_current＞P(i) [2]
Pmin_current can tentatively be initialized as the some Pdec that determines in state 1.0.
In sub-state 1.1, method is also searched for the absolute maximum point Pmax of pressure curve.In the embodiment shown in the figures, be similar to Pmin, the search ye of Pmax is by relatively the value of each curve point P (i) and the value of some Pmax_current are carried out, point Pmax_current stores the peaked point that (comprises from Pdec to just considering the each point of P (i) some P (i-1) before) in the curved portion with previous inspection, thereby Pmax_current uses with its some P (i) relatively and upgrades, promptly
Pmax_current＝P(i) [3]
Have in the situation of higher value the latter, promptly working as
Pmax_current＜P(i) [4]
Even Pmax_current can tentatively be initialized as the some Pdec that determines in state 1.0.
In addition, the maximal value Y1max_postdia of the pressure first order derivative of this method search after diastole.Especially, in the embodiment shown in the figures, this maximal value Y1max_postdia is by relatively the value of each some Y1 (i) of first order derivative curve and the value of some Y1max_current are searched for, the maximal value of first order derivative in the previous curved portion of checking of some Y1max_current storage, this curved portion comprises from beginning to just considering the each point of Y1 (i) some Y1 (i-1) before corresponding to the instantaneous of a Pmin_current, thereby Y1max_current uses with its some Y1 (i) relatively and upgrades, promptly
Y1max_current＝Y1(i) [5]
Have in the situation of higher value the latter, promptly working as
Y1max_current＜Y1(i) [6]
Y1max_current can tentatively be initialized as the value corresponding to the pressure curve first order derivative of a Pmin_current.
This method is left sub-state 1.1 and is entered sub-state 1.2, is not upgrading in the long stage than minimum threshold DTMIN_SYS as the value of fruit dot Pmin_current, and this threshold value generally equals 200 milliseconds, preferably equals 150 milliseconds.Like this, this method time counter when at every turn upgrading some Pmin_current is set to zero in sub-state 1.1, and when some Pmin_current and next pressure curve point P (i) compare, the data counter is added 1 at every turn, verify whether this time counter value has surpassed minimum threshold DTMIN_SYS.Before entering next son state 1.2, this method will be put the bare minimum point Pmin that Pmin_current is assumed to be pressure curve.In other words, in sub-state 1.1, this method considers that last some Pmin_current can be diastole point and therefore stop its search, pressure curve keeps its value in the shortest stage at that time, and this stage corresponds essentially to the minimum physiological time distance between diastole point and the heart contraction point.
In sub-state 1.2, this method continues the bare maximum point Pmax of search pressure curve, and the diastole point maximal value Y1max_postdia of pressure first order derivative afterwards.Search preferably is similar to sub-state 1.1 to be carried out, and therefore, in this method embodiment shown in the drawings, they are realized according to formula [3], [4] and [5] respectively.This search proceeds to the time gap that equals max-thresholds DTMAX_SYS from a Pmin at most, and this max-thresholds generally is not more than 380 milliseconds, preferably is not more than 360 milliseconds.Like this, in sub-state 1.2, in each comparison of pressure curve point and Pmax_current, this method adds 1 to the time counter that adopts in sub-state 1.1, verifies whether this time counter value has surpassed max-thresholds DTMAX_SYS.Before the sub-state 1.3 that enters subsequently, this method will be put the bare maximum point Pmax that Pmax_current is assumed to be pressure curve, and value Y1mx_current is the maximal value Y1max_postdia of the pressure first order derivative after the diastole point.In other words, in sub-state 1.2, this method is search heart contraction point (and maximal value of the pressure first order derivative after the diastole point) in the pressure curve interval, and this corresponds essentially to the maximum physiological time distance between diastole point and the heart contraction point at interval.
(thereby diastole can be relevant with heart contraction point with counter fighting to consider cardiac arrhythmia, rather than the smallest point of the absolute maximum of pressure curve), and because of not being the incident that causes by curve physiology, for example electronic noise, patient's cough or blood pressure detector (for example conduit) moves, and the possible noise of introducing pressure curve, this method is carried out search simultaneously to diastole point and heart contraction point in sub-state 1.1.This search simultaneously can provide incorrect result on the physiology of bare minimum point Pmin after bare maximum Pmax in the high noisy situation.Therefore, in sub-state 1.3, before the some Pmax that the some Pmin that this method checking is determined in sub-state 1.1 determines in sub-state 1.1 or 1.2.
If the result of checking is for negative, this method is returned the sub-state 1.0 that begins from the previous pressure curve point Pmin that determines to carry out.Like this, sub-state 1.1 will be searched for the bare minimum point of determining after the minimum point.
If opposite checking provides positive result, then bare minimum point Pmin is assumed to be diastole point Pdia, and bare maximum point Pmax is assumed to be heart contraction point Psys; In addition, this method is determined the maximal value Y2mx_diatosys of the pressure second derivative that comprises between diastole point and the heart contraction point.This determine also can by suitably change sub-state 1.1 and 1.2 with the search of diastole and restriction constriction point is carried out simultaneously.At last, this method enters the second following state 2.
The time check of carrying out in sub-state 1.1 and 1.2 makes according to this method of the present invention considers such fact, cardiac systolic stage hold period on physiology constant (so heart contraction point about 150 in about 360 milliseconds interval, occurring after diastole point) when taking care the frequency hopping rate and changing, and the diastole stage can be changed its cycle when frequency change on the contrary; Therefore, even this method also can be discerned diastole point and heart contraction point exactly in extremely low palmic rate situation.
Still referring to Fig. 1, in case determine diastole Pdia and heart contraction Psys point, and Y1max_postdia and Y2max_diatosys value, state machine enters second state 2, and wherein this method is searched for this heart contraction bare minimum Y1min_postsys afterwards of pressure first order derivative after all period interval cardiac that equal DTMAX_MINY1_SYS are shunk according to the present invention; Especially, DTMAX_MINY1_SYS equals maximum physiology gap periods, and wherein pressure first order derivative minimum value is after heart contraction point, and it generally is not more than 250 milliseconds, preferably is not more than 200 milliseconds.Like this, this method is determined the deformation point Pinfletion after the pressure curve heart contraction, wherein the pressure first order derivative is supposed bare minimum Y1min_postsys, so that distinguish the situation that pressure curve detects under the high noisy condition, thereby the pressure signal shape is rendered as small peak or short plateau immediately after heart contraction, and wherein this method can be discerned dicrotic pulse point mistakenly.On the contrary, bare minimum Y1min_postsys's determines and will shift out these small peaks or the plateau that occurs immediately after the heart contraction exactly to the search of dicrotism otch.
Then, state machine enters the third state 3, wherein this method search dicrotic pulse point according to the present invention.
With reference to Fig. 3, can see that state 3 comprises 4 sub-states.
In sub-state 3.0, after deformation point Pinflection, equal in the period in cycle of DTMAX_SYS2Y1DIC, determine first order derivative bare maximum point Y1max_postsys, enter sub-state 3.1 subsequently then, especially, DTMAX_SYS2Y1DIC equals physiology maximum cycle at interval, and wherein dicrotic pulse point is after deformation point, and it generally is not more than 250 milliseconds, preferably is not more than 200 milliseconds.
In sub-state 3.1, whether the some Y1max_postsys that this method checking is determined in sub-state 3.0 is for just.
If the checking result is sure, mean that then a peak value appears in pressure curve after dicrotic pulse point, as shown in Figure 4, thus dicrotic pulse point Pdic is corresponding to pressure curve first relative minimum point after the deformation point Pinflection that determines in second state 2 in this case.Therefore, this method is carried out sub-state 3.2, and wherein it supposes that by determining the pressure curve first order derivative it is zero instantaneous this Pdic that determines that its value equaled in time interval of DTMAX_SYS2Y1DIC after deformation point Pinflection.This method enters next four condition 4 then.
On the contrary, result verification at sub-state 3.1 is negative, perhaps the first order derivative bare maximum point Y1max_postsys that determines in sub-state 3.0 is non-negative, and then pressure curve does not present any peak value after dicrotic pulse point, and the latter is assumed to be peaked point corresponding to the pressure second order.Therefore, this method is carried out sub-state 3.3, and wherein it instantaneously determines dicrotic pulse point Pdic by what determine pressure curve second derivative hypothesis maximal value Y2max_postinflection in the period in cycle that equals DTMAX_SYS2Y1DIC after deformation point Pinflection.This method enters next four condition 4 then.
Still referring to Fig. 1, state machine enters four condition 4, wherein first order derivative maximal value Y1max_postdic and the pressure curve second derivative maximal value Y2max_postdic after the dicrotic pulse point Pdic that this method is determined to determine in the third state 3 according to the present invention.Carry out among the interval D POSTDIC of this search after dicrotic pulse point, this interval preferably is not more than 150 milliseconds.Then, this method checking belongs among two maximal value Y1max_postdia of first order derivative after the diastole point of determining and pressure second derivative and the Y2max_diatosys at least one respectively whether less than the value of just definite respective derivative in the phase one 1, be respectively Y1max_postdic and Y2max_postdic.In order to distinguish that this checking of following situation is necessary, when having the specified pressure signal of peak value after being presented on the dicrotism otch, fixed dicrotic pulse point Pdic is actually the diastole point.This is the example of the pressure curve of special rubber-like heart (such as athletic heart) under the detected pressures, verifies that wherein the force value that dicrotic pulse point has less than diastole point is possible.Yet even in this case, the physiology rate of growth of interval pressure curve is than the physiology rate of growth height of the pressure curve after the dicrotic pulse point between checking diastole point and the heart contraction point.This by more respectively at the point that is assumed to be diastole point and the single order after being assumed to be the point of dicrotic pulse point and the maximal value of second derivative distinguish.
In this respect, only occurring in the situation of peak value when after dicrotic pulse point, determining in the third state 3, other embodiment of this method carries out in four condition 4 the determining of value Y1max_postdic and Y2max_postdic according to improving, and with the comparison of value Y1max_postdia and Y2max_diatosys.
In checking provides the situation of positive result (promptly two value Y1max_postdia and Y2max_diatosys's one of at least respectively less than value Y1max_postdic and Y2max_postdic), determined diastole Pdia point, heart contraction Psys point, and dicrotic pulse point Pdic does not correspond to pressure curve correct on the physiology, and this method is returned to carry out the sub-state 1.0 of first state 1 that begins with the Pdic that is defined as dicrotic pulse point point before after the Pdia that is defined as diastole point, is used to determine to be different from previous diastole and/or heart contraction and/or the dicrotic pulse point of determining.This method is preferably returned the sub-state 1.0 of first state 1 that begins with the point of carrying out before the Pdic point that just is defined as dicrotic pulse point the third state 3.
In checking provides the situation of negative decision (promptly two value Y1max_postdia and Y2max_diatosys are respectively greater than value Y1max_postdic and Y2max_postdic), determined diastole Pdia point, heart contraction Psys point and dicrotic pulse point Pdic are correct on physiology, and this method verifies also whether pressure curve detects in artery.
In sure situation, this method directly enters end-state 7, and wherein it provides all detection data and checks the characteristic of the heartbeat of pressure curve as its, and it may return to carry out first state 1 and checks next heartbeat.
Negating in the situation (pressure curve detects in artery), method enters the 5th state 5, wherein it determines the pressure curve point P3 corresponding to instant t 3, hypothesis minimum value Y2min_systodic in the interval of curve second derivative between heart contraction point and dicrotic pulse point in this is instantaneous.This intermediate point that is preferably in the interval that comprises between heart contraction point and the dicrotic pulse point at interval is to next Pdic point.In other words, the interval of determining the Y2min_systodic value is preferably from instantaneous:
tsys+(tdic-tsys)/2
To instantaneous
tdic，
Wherein tsys is that tdic is instantaneous corresponding to dicrotic pulse point corresponding to the instantaneous of heart contraction point.
Then, during along peak value that pressure curve occurs, this method enters carries out end-state 7 in the unidentified third state 3; Otherwise (having determined that in the third state 3 peak value appears in pressure curve), this method enters the 6th state 6 of execution.
In the 6th state 6, the instantaneous relative maximum point P4 (being peak value) after this method search dicrotic pulse point corresponding to the non-negative minimum value in the interval after the pressure curve first order derivative hypothesis dicrotic pulse point.Especially, carry out in the interval D POSTDIC of search after the dicrotism otch to a P4.
In addition, in the 6th state 6, this method is also searched for the relative minimum point Pend after the dicrotic pulse point, the end of heartbeat in promptly checking.Especially, to the search of a Pend from a P4 to carrying out for the interval of the some Ptermination of DENDPOSTDIC with dicrotic pulse point Pdic distance, this DENDPOSTDIC equals from dicrotic pulse point to next improper heartbeat (tachiysystole) or quickens maximum physiological time distance the heartbeat (the high heart is frequently); DENDPOSTDIC preferably is not more than 150 milliseconds.At last, this method enters and carries out end-state 7.
As described, in end-state 7, this method provides all detection data and checks the characteristic of the heartbeat of pressure curve as it, and it may return first state 1 of execution to check next heartbeat.Especially, in the situation that state 7 arrives from state 4 or state 5, this method is returned carrying out first state 1 that the point be spaced apart DNEW after dicrotic pulse point Pdic begins, and this DNEW preferably is not less than 1 millisecond and be not more than 150 milliseconds; At state 7 from the situation that state 6 arrives, this method is returned to carry out the sub-state 1.0 of first state 1, this first state has been determined the point (preferably from just the point before determining a Pend) before the some Pend after dicrotic pulse point Pdic, perhaps do not determining in the situation of some Pend as yet, after dicrotic pulse point Pdic but not the point after a Ptermination (preferably from just the point before fixed some Ptermination).
The benefit that obtains by this method according to the present invention is a lot.
At first, this method can be from obtaining pulse identification the analysis of the pressure curve that its operating period produced to heart, and the starting point and the terminal point of each heartbeat divided in this operation reliably.
In addition, this method can distinguish when pressure curve also presents other minimum value with maximum of points that diastole is relevant with the heart contraction point, rather than the situation of bare maximum and minimum point.In fact, diastole and heart contraction point only just are identified as effectively when the maximal value in the whole heartbeat of the first order derivative from any to another point pressure curve (and second derivative) arrival.
However, this method also comes to determine diastole, heart contraction and dicrotic pulse point at interval by checking around the considerable time of maximal value or minimum value or deformation point.
Diastole, heart contraction and the dicrotic pulse point in the physiological time restriction determined in the place that program depends on detected pressures.Especially, the physical end of pulse takes place after diastole, heart contraction and the dicrotic pulse point of determining next heartbeat.
This method also allows to determine heartbeat in the situation of extremely slow frequency and no matter be added in temporal restriction between dicrotic pulse point and the diastole according to the present invention, because it considers such fact, cardiac systolic stage be when heart rate changes not too variable cycle on the physiology, the opposite diastole stage is then changed its cycle when changes in heart rate.
In addition, this method is reliably studied Electrocardiographic signal according to the present invention.
Described preferred embodiment above and proposed, but should be appreciated that those skilled in the art can do other variation and change, and do not deviated from as the defined relevant protection domain of appended claims to some change of the present invention.
Claims (42)
1. one kind has distinguishing based on the blood pressure sampled signal of starting point Pstart and the automatic mode of heartbeat it is characterized in that described method is operated according to the finite state machine, and described method comprises:
(A). first state (1), wherein said method search:
-pressure bare minimum Pmin, this is included in interior at interval force value of the very first time by scanning and obtains, the described very first time be no more than at interval from described starting point Pstart to and definite minimum value Pmin distance be the interval of the point of very first time threshold value DTMIN_SYS
-pressure bare maximum Pmax, this obtains by the force value that scanning was included in second time interval, described second time interval be no more than from described starting point Pstart to and definite minimum value Pmin the distance be the interval of the point of the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS, and
-be included in the pressure signal first order derivative maximal value Y1max_postdia in the 3rd time threshold, described the 3rd time interval be no more than from described starting point Pstart to and definite minimum value Pmin distance be the interval of point of period of equaling the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS
Described method postulated point Pmin is diastole point Pdia, and some Pmax is heart contraction point Psys, and enters following second state (2);
B. second state (2), wherein said method is searched for the pressure signal deformation point Pinflection after the heart contraction point Psys in the 5th time interval, described the 5th time interval is no more than from heart contraction point Psys and begins and sustained periods of time equals the interval of the 3rd time threshold DTMAX_MINY1_SYS, and described then method enters the following third state (3);
C. the third state (3), carry out following steps thereby whether wherein said method validation described pressure signal in the 6th time interval presents the peak value with downward concavity, described the 6th time interval is no more than from deformation point Pinflection and begins and sustained periods of time equals the interval of the 4th time threshold DTMAX_SYS2Y1DIC:
If-checking result is for affirming, then described method is searched for the first pressure curve relative minimum in the 7th time interval, described the 7th time interval is no more than from deformation point Pinflection and begins and sustained periods of time equals the interval of the 4th time threshold DTMAX_SYS2Y1DIC, and the described method hypothesis latter is dicrotic pulse point Pdic, and is opposite
If-checking result is for negating, then described method search for the moment that the pressure signal second derivative is assumed to be maximal value Y2max_postinflection in described the 7th time interval, and described method supposes that the related pressure signaling point is dicrotic pulse point Pdic,
Described then method enters following four condition (4);
D. four condition (4), the maximal value Y1max_postdic of wherein said method search pressure signal first order derivative in the 8th interval, the described the 8th is no more than at interval from dicrotic pulse point Pdic and begins and sustained periods of time equals the interval of the 5th time threshold DPOSTDIC, the maximal value Y1max_postdia value of being not less than Y1max_postdic that described method validation is determined in first state (1), thereby:
If-checking result is for negating, then method turns back to first state (1), with diastole put after the Pdia rather than dicrotic pulse point Pdic after point be assumed to be new starting point Pstart, on the contrary,
If-checking result is for affirming that then method proceeds to end-state (7); And
E. end-state (7), wherein said method is suitable for providing diastole point Pdia, heart contraction point Psys and dicrotic pulse point Pdic.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also searches at described first state (1):
-be included in the pressure signal second derivative maximal value Y2max_diatosys in the 4th time interval, described the 4th time interval be no more than from starting point Pstart to and definite minimum value Pmin distance be the interval of point of period of equaling the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS
Thereby also in the 8th interval, search for pressure signal second derivative maximal value Y2max_postdic in method described in the four condition, described method is also verified the maximal value Y2max_postsys value of the being not less than Y2max_postdic that determines in first state (1), thereby:
If the result of-checking is for negating, then described method turns back to first state (1), suppose new starting point Pstart be diastole point Pdia afterwards rather than dicrotic pulse point Pdic point afterwards, on the contrary,
If-checking result is for affirming that then described method proceeds to end-state (7).
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, in described first state (1), will put respectively that Pmin and Pmax are assumed to be diastole Pdia point and heart contraction Psys point depends on the checking result of a Pmin before a Pmax, thereby:
If-checking result is for negative, then described method is returned to carry out all operations of first state, supposes that new starting point Pstart is not the point before Pmin, and is opposite
If-checking result, then puts Pmin for certainly and is assumed to be diastole point Pdia and puts Pmax and be assumed to be heart contraction point Psys, and described method proceeds to second state subsequently.
4. as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, the finite state machine that described method is operated according to it comprises the 5th state (5), described method proceeds to end-state (7) from four condition (4) by arriving first the 5th state (5), wherein said method is determined the pressure signal point P3 corresponding to instant t 3, the pressure signal second derivative is supposed the bare minimum Y2min_systodic in the 9th interval in instant t 3, the 9th is no more than the interval from heart contraction point Psys to dicrotic pulse point Pdic at interval, and described then method proceeds to the end-state (7) that is suitable for providing a P3.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described the 9th interval is instantaneous from the centre in the interval included between heart contraction point Psys and dicrotic pulse point Pdic
tsys+(tdic-tsys)/2
Arrive the instantaneous of dicrotic pulse point Pdic
tdic，
Wherein tsys is instantaneous corresponding to heart contraction point Psys, and tdic is instantaneous corresponding to dicrotic pulse point Pdic.
6. as claim 4 or 5 described methods, it is characterized in that can verify in method described in the four condition (4) whether pressure signal detects on main artery, thereby:
If the result of-checking is opposite for affirming that then described method proceeds to end-state (7)
If the result of-checking is for negative, then method proceeds to the 5th state (5).
7. as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, the finite state machine that described method is operated according to it comprises the 6th state (6), wherein said method is in this situation: when having verified that pressure signal presents the peak value with downward concavity in the 6th time interval when the third state (3), described method enters end-state (7) afterwards at four condition (4) and arrives the 6th state (6) before, search for dicrotic pulse point Pdic (being peak value) relative maximum point P4 afterwards in method described in the 6th state (6) in described the 6th time interval, described then method enters the end-state (7) that is suitable for providing a P4.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, also can in the tenth interval, search for the relative smallest point Pend of pressure signal in method described in the 6th state (6), the described the tenth be no more than at interval from dicrotic pulse point Pdic to and dicrotic pulse point Pdic distance be the interval that the Ptermination of the 6th time threshold DENDPOSTDIC order, described method is suitable for providing a Pend in end-state (7) in the definite situation in the 6th state (6) at a Pend.
9. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described method is a search point Pend after determining some P4, and described the tenth interval from a P4 to a Ptermination.
10. method as claimed in claim 8 or 9 is characterized in that the 6th time threshold DENDPOSTDIC is preferably long unlike 150 milliseconds.
11. the described method of arbitrary claim as claim 7-10 when depending on claim 4, is characterized in that, described method can arrive the 6th state (6) since the 5th state (5).
12. as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, can after starting point Pstart, search for first Pdec that belongs to the pressure signal decline stage in method described in first state (1), the very first time at interval can from the first drop point Pdec to the point of definite minimum value Pmin at a distance of very first time threshold value DTMIN_SYS, and second time interval can from the first drop point Pdec to the point of definite minimum value Pmin at a distance of the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS.
13. method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, third and fourth time interval can from the first drop point Pdec to definite minimum value Pmin at a distance of the point of the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS.
14. the described method of arbitrary claim as claim 1-12 is characterized in that, third and fourth time interval can from determine minimum value Pmin to the point of definite minimum value Pmin at a distance of the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS.
15. the described method of arbitrary claim as claim 1-12 is characterized in that, third and fourth time interval can be from determining that minimum value Pmin is to definite maximal value Pmax.
16. as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, in second state (2), described method can be searched for a Pinfection by the bare minimum Y1min_postsys of search pressure signal first order derivative in the 5th time interval, supposes that the pressure signal point of its first order derivative hypothesis bare minimum Y1min_postsys is deformation point Pinflection.
17. as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, method described in the third state (3) can be by search pressure signal first order derivative bare maximum Y1max_postsys and by this value of checking Y1max_postsys for just, verify whether pressure signal presents the peak value that has downward concavity in the 6th time interval, thereby present described peak value for the timing pressure signal at Y1max_postsys on duty.
18. as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, method described in the third state (3) can be when search pressure signal first order derivative be null value in described the 7th time interval instantaneous, come search pressure curve first relative minimum in the 7th time interval.
19. as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, in four condition (4), the 8th at interval in to the search of the first order derivative maximal value Y1max_postdic and the second derivative maximal value Y2max_postdic of pressure signal, and to neither greater than the checking of determined maximal value Y1max_postdia and Y2max_diatosys in first state (1), can only verify in the 6th time interval internal pressure signal presents the situation of the peak value that has downward concavity in method described in the third state (3) and carry out.
20. as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, when described method when four condition (4) turns back to first state (1), can suppose that just the point before being scheduled to dicrotic pulse point Pdic is new starting point Pstart.
21., it is characterized in that very first time threshold value DTMIN_SYS is not more than 200 milliseconds as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim.
22. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, very first time threshold value DTMIN_SYS is not more than 150 milliseconds.
23., it is characterized in that the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS is not more than 380 milliseconds as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim.
24. method as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, the second time threshold DTMAX_SYS is not more than 350 milliseconds.
25., it is characterized in that the 3rd time threshold DTMAX_MIN1_SYS is not more than 250 milliseconds as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim.
26. method as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that, the 3rd time threshold DTMAX_MIN1_SYS is not more than 200 milliseconds.
27., it is characterized in that the 4th time threshold DTMAX_SYS2Y1DIC is not more than 250 milliseconds as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim.
28. method as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, the 4th time threshold DTMAX_SYS2Y1DIC is not more than 200 milliseconds.
29., it is characterized in that the 5th time threshold DPOSTDIC is not more than 200 milliseconds as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim.
30. method as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that, the 5th time threshold DPOSTDIC preferably is not more than 150 milliseconds.
31., it is characterized in that pressure signal is preferably sampled with the frequency of 1kHz as the described method of arbitrary aforementioned claim.
32. the described method of arbitrary claim as claim 1-10 is characterized in that, described method can be returned from end-state (7), being that new starting point Pstart carries out first state (1) iteratively by the point after the hypothesis dicrotic pulse point Pdic.
33. method as claimed in claim 32, when any of the claim that depends on 1-7, it is characterized in that, when described method can be returned from end-state (7), being that the point of the 7th time threshold DNEW is that new starting point Pstart carries out first state (1) iteratively by distance after the hypothesis dicrotic pulse point Pdic and with it.
34. method as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described the 7th time threshold is not less than 1 millisecond and be not more than 150 milliseconds.
35. method as claimed in claim 32, when any of the claim that depends on 8-10, it is characterized in that, in the situation of in the 6th state (6), having determined some Pend, described method can be returned from end-state (7), being that new starting point Pstart carries out first state (1) iteratively by the point of hypothesis after dicrotic pulse point Pdic and before a Pend.
36. method as claimed in claim 35, it is characterized in that, when determining in the 6th state (6) that described method can be returned from end-state (7) in the situation of some Pend, with by hypothesis just the point before a Pend be that new starting point Pstart carries out first state (1) iteratively.
37. method as claimed in claim 32, when any of the claim that depends on 8-10, it is characterized in that, when in the 6th state (6), not determining in the situation of some Pend, described method can be returned from end-state (7), with by hypothesis after dicrotic pulse point Pdic and not the point after a Ptermination be that new starting point Pstart carries out first state (1) iteratively.
38. method as claimed in claim 37, it is characterized in that, when in the 6th state (6), not determining in the situation of some Pend, described method can be returned from end-state (7), with by the hypothesis just the point before a Ptermination be that new starting point Pstart carries out first state (1) iteratively.
39. a computing machine that comprises input and/or output interface device, memory storage and treating apparatus is characterized in that, is suitable for carrying out the automatic mode that is used to distinguish heartbeat according to arbitrary claim of aforementioned claim 1-38.
40. a device that is used to detect and analyze blood pressure comprises computing machine and blood pressure detector, it is characterized in that, described computing machine is the described computing machine of claim 39.
41. a computer program is characterized in that, it comprises carries out the aforementioned code device that is used to distinguish the automatic mode of heartbeat when arbitrary claim of being suitable for according to aforementioned claim 1-38 is on running on computing machine.
42. a computer-readable stored program storage medium is characterized in that described program is a computer program as claimed in claim 41.
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| CN103108585A (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2013-05-15 | 萨尔瓦托雷·罗马诺 | Method, apparatus and program for the automatic processing of blood pressure signals |
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| CN103108585A (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2013-05-15 | 萨尔瓦托雷·罗马诺 | Method, apparatus and program for the automatic processing of blood pressure signals |
| CN103200864A (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2013-07-10 | 萨尔瓦多·罗曼诺 | Automatic method for measuring and processing blood pressure |
| CN103200864B (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2015-03-25 | 萨尔瓦多·罗曼诺 | Automatic method for measuring and processing blood pressure |
| CN103108585B (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2015-04-29 | 萨尔瓦托雷·罗马诺 | Method and apparatus for the automatic processing of blood pressure signals |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL1604297T3 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
| RU2005131958A (en) | 2006-03-20 |
| JP4597968B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
| AU2004221236B2 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
| EP1604297A1 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
| WO2004084088A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| US20060264766A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
| EP1604297B1 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
| RU2397694C2 (en) | 2010-08-27 |
| ATE435462T1 (en) | 2009-07-15 |
| CA2517464C (en) | 2013-08-13 |
| US7468035B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 |
| IL170338A (en) | 2010-12-30 |
| BRPI0408440A (en) | 2006-04-04 |
| BRPI0408440B1 (en) | 2016-11-22 |
| BRPI0408440B8 (en) | 2021-07-27 |
| ITRM20030117A1 (en) | 2004-09-18 |
| AU2004221236A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| ITRM20030117A0 (en) | 2003-03-17 |
| CA2517464A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| ES2329243T3 (en) | 2009-11-24 |
| JP2006521164A (en) | 2006-09-21 |
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