CN1759199A - Steel having finely dispersed inclusions - Google Patents
Steel having finely dispersed inclusions Download PDFInfo
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- CN1759199A CN1759199A CN200480006307.7A CN200480006307A CN1759199A CN 1759199 A CN1759199 A CN 1759199A CN 200480006307 A CN200480006307 A CN 200480006307A CN 1759199 A CN1759199 A CN 1759199A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 140
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- -1 REM oxysulfide Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009847 ladle furnace Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017082 Fe-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017133 Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000287680 Garcinia dulcis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007981 Si-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008316 Si—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004125 X-ray microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
An object of the invention is to provide a steel having good fatigue life characteristics and acoustic characteristics by eliminating the harmful effects of oxide based inclusions. The object is attained by the following steel. A steel having at least a part comprising: REM of which amount meets formula (1); and REM-containing inclusions of which number meets formula (2); wherein the concentration of A1203 in the REM-containing inclusions is 30 mass% or less (including 0%); Formula (1) ; -30 < REM (ppm) - (T.O (ppm)x 280/48) < 50, Formula (2) ; number of REM-containing inclusions/total number of inclusions > 0.8, wherein the inclusions of Formula (2) having an equivalent diameter of 1 m or more.
Description
The application requires the right of priority of the Japanese patent application submitted in Japan on March 13rd, 2003 2003-068541 number, and the full content of this patent is incorporated herein by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to have the steel of finely divided oxidation inclusion and oxysulfide inclusion, and relate in particular to steel by having of obtaining of the deleterious effect of eliminating the oxide-base inclusion good fatigue lifetime of characteristic and acoustic characteristics.Described inclusion refers to oxide compound inclusion, sulfide inclusion, oxysulfide inclusion, nitride inclusion and their combination.Described steel refers to molten steel, cast slab, casting bloom, casting steel billet and other work in-process and final steel, and to its purposes without limits.
Background technology
Recently, more and more stricter and diversified to the requirement of product made from steel quality.The clean steel of height that need have harmless inclusion.
The purified molten steel comprises a large amount of dissolved oxygens in converter (converter) or the vacuum process vessel.Excessive oxygen usually with the reactive aluminum that oxygen is had strong avidity, form aluminum oxide (Al
2O
3) inclusion.Even add the reaction of Si and Mn and oxygen, because used ladle (ladle) is most of by Al
2O
3The refractory materials of base is made, molten steel and its reaction, reduction and dissolving Al
2O
3So, have Al in the molten steel.Dissolved Al flows in the molten steel, by oxidation again, forms Al once more then
2O
3
These Al
2O
3The base inclusion is hard and reunites the thick Al of formation
2O
3Cluster, this can cause: (a) fractureing of the line of tyre cord (tire cord) for example; (b) the calendering fatigue characteristic of reinforcing bar are impaired, for example in bearing steel; And (c) during the process that forms cylinder (can), for example in the drawing made from draw in thin (DI) cylinder and form crackle by steel sheet.Particularly, required to reduce as far as possible the size of inclusion in order to improve the fatigue lifetime of bearing steel.
The product that contains bearing steel (bearing steel) parts comprises electrical appliance, for example VCR or CD player; General-purpose equipment, for example measurer or medical equipment; Business automation equipment, and the electron device of hard disk drive for example.But in these products, use bearing steel under light load, sound and vibration that the moving parts that requirement is made by bearing steel produces are low as far as possible.Especially, noise and the vibration for the micro-component of being made by bearing steel that is used for hard disk drive has strict requirement.The major cause that produces sound and/or vibration can be the hard inclusion that is positioned on the bearing surface, for example carbonitride of Ti or Al
2O
3The base inclusion.
Except reducing hard nonmetal Al
2O
3The total quantity of base inclusion is to improve outside the degree of cleaning, by reducing Al
2O
3The base inclusion size (refinement) it is transformed so that they harmless also be important.By after the deoxidation treatment of refined molten steel, the inclusion that the technology initial stage is existed all changes into harmless product on composition, shape and size, can make inclusion become harmless.
In order to reduce and to eliminate Al
2O
3The base inclusion, made following trial: (1) is except reducing the non-oxidized substance inclusion of sneaking into by cutting down slag, suppress the oxidation again of Al by slag conversion and/or secluding air, and (2) are by using the secondary refining unit, for example RH type vacuum degasser or dusting device reduce the deoxidation product.
Traditionally, by in molten steel, adding the Mg alloy, with Al
2O
3Change into spinel (MgOAl
2O
3) or MgO, thereby suppress Al
2O
3Reunite and form thick Al
2O
3Cluster can make Al
2O
3The base inclusion becomes harmless.(for example consulting JP H05-311225A).Take off the Al steel about what production comprised 0.005 quality % or more Al, known a kind of method that no cluster is taken off the Al steel of producing, wherein in molten steel, add by Al and the alloy formed more than two kinds of components that are selected from Ca, Mg and REM (rare earth metal), and limit Al in the gained inclusion
2O
3Content is 30-85 quality %.(for example consulting JP H09-263820A).
But, above-mentioned elimination Al
2O
3The method of base inclusion is not enough to satisfy present high level requirement to quality.In addition, for by adding the concrete grammar that Mg and/or REM attenuate inclusion, the problem below the known existence.When using Mg to reduce the inclusion size, because add the boiling point (1070 ℃) that the temperature of the molten steel of Mg is higher than metal M g, the Mg that adds evaporates (vaporization) easily.Even add Mg with the formation with the mixture of Si, Al or Fe-Si, the activity of Mg still remains 1.Therefore, identical with the situation of independent adding Mg, still there is the evaporation problem.In the situation of using Al-Mg for example or Si-Mg alloy, can reduce to a certain extent because the loss that the Mg evaporation brings.But, in being dissolved into molten steel after, the same with the situation of independent adding Mg, prevent that the Mg evaporation from being difficult, this can cause low productive rate.
Compare with adding under standard atmosphere pressure, add fashionablely in a vacuum, Mg can evaporate faster.Therefore, must be in the interpolation of having carried out carrying out under the standard atmosphere pressure of setting up after the vacuum refinement Mg.
In addition, as shown in table 1, the spinel that forms in step of converting does not have initial Al
2O
3So hard, but it is still very hard.Therefore, still can not fully satisfy low vibration and acoustic characteristics requirement to little bearing steel product.
Table 1
| Microhardness (Hv) | |
| Al 2O 3 | 3000～4000 |
| TiC | 2640～3100 |
| MgO·Al 2O 3 | 2100～2400 |
| TiN | 1800～2300 |
| SiO 2 | 1600 |
| REAlO 3 | 1100 |
| MgO | 1000 |
| RE 2O 2S | 500 |
| RE 2S 3 | 450 |
| MnO·SiO 2 | 750 |
There is following problem by the conventional art that adds REM refinement (reduction size) inclusion.In JP H09-263820A in the situation of disclosed interpolation REM, for fear of forming Al
2O
3Cluster, the component of adding the two or more Ca of being selected from, Mg and REM causes formation to have low-melting compound inclusion.This has and helps prevent crack defect, but it can not reduce the size of inclusion to the required level of bearing steel.This is the chap because low-melting inclusion is reunited usually.
In addition,, knownly can add the shape that REM controls inclusion,, thereby provide better fatigue lifetime because REM can make the shape globulate of inclusion as for the thinning method that uses traditional interpolation REM.The addition of REM should be 0.010 quality % or lower, can increase the amount of inclusion because add greater than the REM of 0.010 quality %, thereby cause the reduction of fatigue lifetime.(consulting JP H11-279695A).But also do not analyze and suggestion for mechanism and existence that inclusion is formed.
REM can become key to form the element of REM oxide compound with oxygen (O), and by with sulphur Cheng Jian, can also form sulfide.Therefore, it is believed that so excessive REM will form sulfide if existing to compare with all oxygen reacts required more REM, it can be by the size that increases inclusion to characteristic generation fatigue lifetime harmful effect.In order to control the inclusion size, the composition that adds the next strict control inclusion of amount of REM by regulating is important.In other words, should pass through the addition of balance REM and the content of O, thereby avoid excessive REM to prevent the formation of thick sulfide.Because sulfide can influence characteristic fatigue lifetime, so sulfide also should be by refinement (reduction size).As mentioned above, because REM forms sulfide easily, so in order further to reduce the size of inclusion structure, content that should S reduces.These technological thoughts are not open in JP H11-279695A.
Disclose for JP 2000-45048A number in order to reduce the amount and the size thereof of Ti base inclusion, thereby improved the acoustic characteristics of little bearing steel product and comprise the bearing steel of 7ppm or lower Ti and 7ppm or lower O, described product is used for electrical equipment, for example VCR or CD player; General-purpose equipment, for example measurer or medical equipment; Business automation equipment, and the electron device of hard disk drive for example.JP H08-312651 A disclose quench or the carbon nitrogenize after in carbonitride layer, do not contain residual austenite (0%), and under 350 ℃ or higher high temperature, have the calendering bearing steel of HPC57 or bigger surface hardness.But the oxide-base inclusion is because of Al
2O
3But hard, so even, can not expect the further improvement of acoustic characteristics by reducing the absolute magnitude that T.O. (total oxygen content) has reduced the oxide-base inclusion.Al
2O
3Can change into thin spinel by adding Mg, spinel as shown in table 1 does not have Al
2O
3Firmly, but be still hard and can not provide enough improvement.On the contrary, as shown in table 1, REM base inclusion is soft.Therefore, by adding REM with hard Al
2O
3It is useful for improving acoustic characteristics that the base inclusion changes into soft REM base inclusion.
Description of drawings
The more specific description of all respects of the embodiment of the present invention of illustrating in the accompanying drawings will be provided now.Should understand these accompanying drawings and only exemplarily describe embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention without limits of therefore determining, will be by using description of drawings and explaining each feature of the exemplary that these have supplementary features and details.
Fig. 1 represents the influence of the value of (REM (ppm)-T.O. (ppm) * 280/48) to the inclusion size;
The stabilized zone of the sulfide of the oxide compound of Fig. 2 (A) expression Ce, the oxysulfide of Ce and Ce, and
The stabilized zone of the sulfide of the oxide compound of Fig. 2 (B) expression La, the oxysulfide of La and La;
Fig. 3 represents the influence of REM source to the inclusion size; And
Fig. 4 represents [S] influence to the inclusion size.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of good fatigue lifetime of characteristic and the steel of good acoustics/vibration performance that has by refinement and dispersion oxide base and oxysulfide base inclusion.Described steel is known as the steel that comprises finely divided inclusion.
Term " oxysulfide that contains REM " is defined as follows.REM forms aforesaid oxide compound, and can easily form sulfide.Therefore, if there is S, it is possible that REM forms the REM oxysulfide with S and O, and its stoichiometric ratio is expressed as RE
2O
2S, wherein RE represents REM.
By test and detection, the condition of accomplished the object of the invention, described condition relate to the aspects such as REM addition, inclusion composition and steel constituent that form thin inclusion.Brief summary is as follows.
Project (1): a kind of steel, its at least one part comprises:
Content satisfies the REM of formula (1); And quantity satisfies the inclusion that contains REM of formula (2); Al in the wherein said inclusion that contains REM
2O
3Concentration be no more than 30 quality %:
Formula (1)
-30＜REM(ppm)-(T.O.(ppm)×280/48)＜50；
Formula (2)
Total quantity＞0.8 of quantity/inclusion of containing the inclusion of REM;
Wherein the inclusion of formula (2) has 1 micron or bigger equivalent diameter.
Project (2): the steel of describing in the above-mentioned project (1), wherein REM is selected from Ce, La, Nd and Pr one of at least.
Project (3): the steel of describing in above-mentioned project (1) or (2), wherein said steel satisfies one of following four conditions at least:
The content of Al=0.05 quality %;
T.O. content=0.005 quality %;
The content of S=0.003 quality %; And
The content of Ti=0.001 quality %,
Wherein, use above-mentioned condition by the refinement inclusion, described steel has improved fatigue lifetime and/or acoustic characteristics.
Project (4): the steel of describing in the above-mentioned project (3), wherein said steel is a bearing steel.
Project (5): the steel of describing in the above-mentioned project (4), wherein said steel is used for the little bearing steel element of hard disk drive or audio-visual equipment.
" at least one part " of mentioning described steel in project (1) satisfies formula (1) and (2).Usually be known in the production of steel, the composition of surface region may be different with the composition of steel central area.Satisfy formula (1) and (2) by at least one part of pointing out steel of the present invention, can expect that steel of the present invention can have the zone of all not satisfying formula (1) and (2), but must have the zone that at least one had not only satisfied formula (1) but also satisfied formula (2).
Embodiment
The component of some non-limiting embodiments of explained later the present invention and composition.Every kind of component concentrations is represented with mass percent.
The content of Al
As mentioned above, make steel of the present invention in following process, wherein by adding REM, for example the inclusion of oxide compound is by from Al
2O
3Change into the oxysulfide of REM oxide compound or REM.For all types of steel, the dispensable element of Al, but it is useful components and the deoxidant element that can be used as reduction T.O. for regulating grain-size.But, after Al content reaches 0.05%, not only grain-size there is not adjection, and Al
2O
3Can not be converted to REM oxide compound or REM oxysulfide, this makes purpose of the present invention become difficult to achieve.Therefore, the upper limit of Al content should be 0.05%.Applicant's inference when the concentration of Al is high, Al
2O
3Be in than REM oxide compound or the more stable thermokinetics state of REM oxysulfide.Therefore, can not form REM oxide compound or REM oxysulfide.
T.O. content (total oxygen content)
Term used herein " T.O. content " (mainly is Al with form oxide compound in steel basically
2O
3) the content of dissolved oxygen identical.Therefore, T.O. content is high more, the Al that transforms in steel
2O
3Many more.Find when T.O. content surpasses 0.0050% Al
2O
3Too high can't passing through added REM with whole Al to such an extent as to content becomes
2O
3Change into REM oxide compound or REM oxysulfide, i.e. some Al
2O
3Remain in the steel.Therefore, T.O. content is 0.0050% or lower.
REM is strong deoxidant element, the Al in itself and the steel
2O
3Reaction is (with Al
2O
3In oxygen reaction) form the REM oxide compound.Therefore, if do not have and Al
2O
3Amount (being T.O. content) add the REM of appropriate amount pro rata, will stay unreacted Al
2O
3Further studies show that, between REM content and T.O. content, have the relation shown in (1) as the following formula.
Formula (1)=-30＜REM (ppm)-(T.O. (ppm) * 280/48)＜50
Explain formula (1) based on Fig. 1.Shown S content 0.005% (hereinafter with [S] expression) and 0.002%[S by " dmax, 30000 (microns) " among Fig. 1] under, (value of REM (ppm)-(T.O. (ppm) * 280/48) is how to influence inclusion.
Ordinate zou " dmax, 30000 (microns) " representative by statistics of extremes estimate at 30000mm
2Area in the overall dimension (consult Beretta etc., Metallurgicaland Materials Transactions B, the 32B volume, the 517-523 page or leaf, calendar year 2001, document full content is incorporated herein for referencial use) of the inclusion that exists.The step that statistics of extremes is estimated is as follows:
I) 16 10 * 10mm (100mm of preparation
2) steel sample, be used for microscopic inspection;
The overall dimension of ii) clear and definite 16 each inclusion of sample, and measure its size; And
Iii) adopt the statistics of extremes method, from 16 overall dimension data estimation 30000mm
2The interior overall dimension that exists.
At first, prepare two kinds [S] and be respectively 0.005% and 0.002% and comprise the bearing molten steel of 8ppm T.O., add mixed rare earth alloy then as REM.Detect the refinement characteristic of inclusion.The amount of detect adding REM is the size that how to influence inclusion.From steel ingot, take out the sample be used for microscopic inspection, estimate the overall dimension of inclusion, and detect the relation of overall dimension between measuring with add REM by statistics of extremes.In Fig. 1, solid line represents that [S] is 0.005% situation, and dotted line represents that [S] is 0.002% situation.
When REM (ppm)-(T.O. (ppm) * 280/48) was between-30 and 50, the inclusion of gained was stabilized the ground refinement.
In [S] was 0.002% situation, it is thinner that inclusion becomes.In addition, the composition of inclusion satisfies formula described below (2), and Al
2O
3Amount be 30% or lower.That is, can prevent Al-30 to 50 by value according to defined maintenance REM (ppm)-(T.O. (ppm) * 280/48) in the formula (1)
2O
3Do not react, and oxygenate conversion is become required REM oxide compound.Surpass 50 if add the value that makes REM (ppm)-(T.O. (ppm) * 280/48), can promote the formation of sulfide and form thick sulfide.If the value that interpolation makes REM (ppm)-(T.O. (ppm) * 280/48) less than-30, then can not reach purpose of the present invention because REM oxide compound or REM oxysulfide form very little.
The coefficient of T.O. (ppm) in the formula (1), promptly 280/48
The main ingredient of mixed rare earth alloy is Ce, La, Nd and Pr.The nucleidic mass of Ce be 140 and the nucleidic mass of O be 16.The REM oxide compound of supposing formation is RE
2O
3, so coefficient of performance " 280/48 " is kept (stoichiometry) balance of REM and O content.
The restriction particle diameter is 1 micron or the bigger oxide-base and the reason of oxysulfide base inclusion percentage (ratio)
In the refining process of steel, steel has other inclusion beyond REM oxide-base and the REM oxysulfide base inclusion inevitably.For example, at the slag of a large amount of high oxidation degree from the effusive situation of Decarburising and refining converter.If degree of oxidation does not reduce in the secondary refining process, molten steel will be caused Al by the slag reoxidation
2O
3The base inclusion increases.In addition, if air is not exclusively isolated after adding the REM source, because all REM use, so will there not be residual REM to be dissolved in the molten steel.Therefore, because by air reoxidation, Al
2O
3The base inclusion increases.In addition, if the second time refining process chats basicity of slag be high, by the balanced reaction between slag and the molten steel, introduce Ca from slag.This can form the inclusion of the rich CaO that can not be transformed by REM.Equally obtain in the situation of inclusion refinement effect by adding REM in can not expecting with above-mentioned situation, it is important eliminating reoxidation fully.Therefore, if the quantity (comprising sulfide and nitride) of finding the inclusion except the inclusion that contains REM is less than 20% of inclusion total amount, general formula (2) below promptly satisfying can refinement also stably disperse the inclusion of high percentage composition, thereby further improve fatigue lifetime.
Total quantity＞0.8 of the quantity/inclusion of the inclusion of formula (2)=contain REM
Be the method for measuring inclusion quantity below.
Use is measured according to the following steps by the analytical instrument that X-ray microanalysis instrument and computer unit form:
I) appointment of steel sample survey area
Determine that an area is the visual field of 0.5mm * 0.5mm, and each sample is got 5 field of view;
Ii) electron beam irradiation
Beam diameter is 0.5 micron, and in order to carry out ultimate analysis, to each all irradiating electron beam 1000 times and be also to shine 1000 times in " Y " direction on " X " direction of five visual fields;
The iii) identification of inclusion
With the ultimate analysis information of Computer Processing from the electron beam irradiation, the identification inclusion;
Iv) contain the identification of the inclusion of REM
Computer Processing is from the ultimate analysis information of electron beam irradiation, and if inclusion comprise REM, discerning this inclusion is the inclusion that contains REM, and quantitatively estimates its composition; And
The v) identification of quantity
Above the calculating iii) and iv) in inclusion particulate equivalent diameter, detect the size of inclusion, and calculate in the visual field of five 0.5mm * 0.5mm, exist above the quantity of inclusion iii) and iv).
Al in the restriction inclusion
2O
3The reason of content to 30% as follows.If find to exist Al above 30%
2O
3, be lower than 30%Al with use
2O
3The time the REM oxide compound compare with the REM oxysulfide, it is harder that inclusion becomes.This is just to fatigue lifetime and acoustic characteristics bringing negative impact.From this point, Al in the inclusion
2O
3The upper limit of content is 30%.Preferably contain Al in the inclusion of REM
2O
3Content is lower than 30 quality %, and 0 to 29 quality % more preferably.
Use mixed rare earth alloy as the REM source
REM represents rare earth metal (rare earth element), be 17 kinds of elements that belong to the III subgroup in the periodictable, i.e. the generality of Sc (ordination number 21), Y (39) and lanthanon (57-71) La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu statement.Although often serve as reasons they are put together to have identical behavior in the literature, in fact to form the tendency of oxide compound, oxysulfide and sulfide be different to each in them.For instance, as shown in Figure 2, La and Ce have dissimilar compounds respectively, thereby even also are stable under identical O or S concentration.
Discovery interpolation main ingredient is that the mixed rare earth alloy of Ce, La, Nd and Pr (total amount of 4 kinds of elements accounts for more than 98%) can be than adding single-element refinement inclusion more stably (consulting Fig. 3).
High S content promotes to form REM sulfide.Even without forming REM sulfide, when the S that exists than the amount in the stoichiometric composition of REM oxysulfide more for a long time, can form thick inclusion.From this point, as shown in Figure 4, low S content is preferred.For example, 0.003% or lower S content under, can not form thick sulfide, and obtain the material of good quality.When the content of Ti surpassed 0.001%, the formation of hard TiN acutely increased, and this can have negative impact to fatigue lifetime, acoustic characteristics and vibration performance.Therefore, the content of Ti should be 0.001% or lower.
Except the component of using in the product made from steel of the present invention: 0.05% or the Al content of lower (comprising 0%), 0.005% or lower T.O. content, 0.003% or lower S content, perhaps 0.001% or lower Ti content beyond; It is envisaged that for specific bearing steel or little bearing steel product and can add enhancement component below at least a, be i.e. the Mn of the Si of 0.01-0.4%, 0.1-0.5% and 0.01 to 1.5% Cr.
Be not specifically limited the concentration of C among the present invention.
In the present invention, the concentration of carbon is not specifically limited.But because if the concentration of C surpasses 1.2%, REM will form carbide with C, reduce conversion Al
2O
3Efficient, and if the concentration of C be lower than 0.005%, the initial Al that exists
2O
3Content is big, has reduced conversion Al
2O
3Efficient, so the concentration from 0.005% to 1.2% of preferred C.
The production method of steel of the present invention is not limited to concrete method.Can make basic molten steel (base moten steel) in the blast furnace of electric furnace having converter or have simply.Can in basic molten steel, add other component as required.There is not concrete restriction for addition means and equipment.Can add each component by freely falling body, and can use rare gas element or each component is blown in the mixture by other method.In addition, do not get rid of the method that forms steel ingot and roll steel ingot by molten steel.
Add the REM source in vacuum refinement (for example RH) back.For example, in the final stage that Ruhrstahl-Hausen (RH) handles, add the mixed rare earth alloy (bulk) that is stored in the hopper that is arranged in the vacuum chamber exterior upper portion on the molten steel surface in vacuum chamber.
Embodiment
(embodiment 1)
The pig iron of emitting in the blast furnace is carried out dephosphorization and desulfurization handle, 270 tons of pig iron are conveyed into are used for the oxygen blowing in the converter then, make the basic molten steel that is used for bearing steel with predetermined C, P and S content.In prepared basic molten steel, add Al, Si, Mn and Cr, simultaneously basic molten steel is injected ladle and carry out ladle furnace (LF) and RH vacuum outgas processing.When LF handled, the slag of the high oxidation degree of emitting from converter was reduced into the ferric oxide and the MnO of lower aq, and adding CaO increases CaO/SiO
2Ratio has so just reduced the component that causes reoxidation.Regulate Al
2O
3Content, the slag that obtains to have high absorption inclusion ability is formed.When RH handles, carry out dehydrogenation and remove inclusion.In addition, the REM that adds the predetermined amount that is stored in the hopper that is arranged in RH vacuum chamber exterior upper portion at RH treatment step later stage.Use the mixed rare earth alloy shown in the table 2 as REM, its median size is the 35-45 millimeter.
The composition of table 2 mixed rare earth alloy (quality %)
| La | Ce | Pr | Nd |
| 30.7 | 52.2 | 4.3 | 10.9 |
Produce steel billet by the successive casting process by the molten steel that makes above.Calendering gained steel billet forms chemical constitution bearing steel reinforcing bar (65 millimeters of diameters) as shown in table 3.
Table 3 embodiment 1 and comparing embodiment 1
| The sample of embodiment 1 | The chemical constitution of bearing steel c | REM addition: formula (1) | Quantity percentage composition: formula (2) | Dmax, 30000 (microns) | Roll fatigue lifetime a | ||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Al | S | Ti | TO． | REM | ||||||
| 1 | 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.000 8 | 0.0006 | 0.0036 | 1 | 0.85 | 12.3 | 7.8 | |
| 2 | 1.02 | 0.23 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.0008 | 0.0006 | 0.0075 | 40 | 0.92 | 12.5 | 7.6 | |
| 3 | 0.99 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.0008 | 0.0006 | 0.0010 | -25 | 0.82 | 11.9 | 8.5 | |
| 4 | 1.01 | 0.22 | 0.40 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.0007 | 0.00lO | 0.006l | 2.7 | 0.87 | 12.1 | 7.7 | |
| 5 | 1.00 | 0.23 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.0009 | 0.0006 | 0.0038 | 3 | 0.86 | 10.5 | 9.2 | |
| The sample of comparing embodiment b | 1 | 1.00 | 0.23 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.0008 | 0.0006 | 0 | -35 | 0.0 | 18.3 | 1.O |
| 2 | 1.01 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.0009 | 0.0005 | 0.0003 | -32 | 0.82 | 16.5 | 1.8 | |
| 3 | 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.0009 | 0.0006 | 0.0102 | 67 | 0.95 | 17.4 | 1.4 | |
| 4 | 1.02 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.0008 | 0.0006 | 0.0037 | 2 | 0.72 | 17.7 | 3.2 | |
| 5 | 1.00 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.0007 | 0.0006 | 0.0045 | 10 | 0.93 | 18.5 | 1.5 | |
A)-and roll fatigue test results embodiment 1 based on the comparison, wherein the value of comparing embodiment 1 is made as 1.0.
B)-according to the comparing embodiment of the method for comparing embodiment 1 preparation.
c)-Cr：1.40-1.44％，P：0.0010-0.0015％。
With regard to inclusion in the product made from steel (reinforcing bar), a large portion inclusion is the inclusion that contains REM, and its size is very tiny.Use statistics of extremes to estimate at 30000mm
2Inclusion size (the cross-sectional area: 100mm of maximum in the area
2, n=16, estimated area 30000mm
2), and the result shows and obtains good size, as shown in table 3.In addition, the calendering fatigue test (is consulted " Development of High Temperature; Long Life BearingSteel (STJ2) ", Hiromasa Tanaka etc., Technical Review, the 68th phase, in May, 2000, the 51-57 page or leaf, document full content is incorporated herein for referencial use) provide good result, as shown in table 3.For each corresponding sample, described in REM component concentrations shown in the table 3 such as the table 4.
Table 4
| The REM component concentration | Contain Al in the inclusion of REM 2O 3Content | |||||
| La | Ce | Pr | Nd | |||
| Sample | 1 | 0.0011 | 0.0020 | 0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0～18 |
| 2 | 0.0025 | 0.0038 | 0.0004 | 0.0008 | 0～10 | |
| 3 | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0～29 | |
| 4 | 0.0017 | 0.0035 | 0.0003 | 0.0006 | 0～12 | |
| 5 | 0.0012 | 0.0018 | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | 0～20 | |
| Comparative sample | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 2 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0 | 0 | 0～50 | |
| 3 | 0.0032 | 0.0051 | 0.0007 | 0.0012 | 0～10 | |
| 4 | 0.0012 | 0.0019 | 0.0002 | 0.0004 | 0～25 | |
| 5 | 0.0014 | 0.0024 | 0.0002 | 0.0005 | 0～75 | |
(comparing embodiment 1)
According to embodiment 1 in identical method produce the bearing steel shown in the table 3.But in comparing embodiment 1, adopt following conditions: final stage is not added REM in as the RH treatment step of embodiment 1; Use the technology identical, add REM, but the addition of REM or be higher than the upper limit that suitable REM measures perhaps is lower than its lower limit with embodiment 1; And handle implementing RH, the percentage composition that will contain the inclusion of REM increase to the proper range of the present invention's definition outer after, incomplete secluding air.The result of the inclusion size of gained bearing steel and calendering fatigue test embodiment as a comparison is illustrated in the table 3, and described result is poorer as a result than embodiment's 1.
(embodiment 2)
Produce bearing steel as shown in table 5 according to the method identical with embodiment 1.
Table 5
| The chemical constitution of bearing steel b | REM addition: formula (1) | Quantity percentage composition: formula (2) | Dmax, 30000 (microns) | Acoustic characteristics | Vibration performance | |||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Al | S | Ti | T.O. | REM | |||||||
| The sample of embodiment 2 | 1 | 1.01 | 0.23 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.0005 | 0.0006 | 0.0033 | -2 | 0.87 | 11.8 | ◎ | ◎ |
| 2 | 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.0005 | 0.0006 | 0.0077 | 42 | 0.93 | 12.3 | ◎ | ◎ | |
| 3 | 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.0006 | 0.0006 | 0.0012 | -23 | 0.85 | 12.1 | ◎ | ◎ | |
| 4 | 1.02 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.0004 | 0.0010 | 0.0042 | 7 | 0.90 | 11.5 | ◎ | ○ | |
| 5 | 0.99 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.0005 | 0.0006 | 0.0037 | 2 | 0.85 | 12.4 | ○ | ○ | |
| Comparative sample a | 1 | 1.02 | 0.22 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.0005 | 0.0006 | 0 | -35 | 0.0 | 19.2 | △ | △ |
| 2 | 0.99 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.0003 | -32 | 0.81 | 17.5 | △ | △ | |
| 3 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.0004 | 0.0006 | 0.0110 | 75 | 0.95 | 17.3 | △ | △ | |
| 4 | 1.01 | 0.23 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.0005 | 0.0006 | 0.0040 | 5 | 0.65 | 16.3 | △ | △ | |
| 5 | 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.0015 | 0.0005 | 0.0042 | 7 | 0.85 | 12.2 | × | × | |
| 6 | 1.01 | 0.23 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.0004 | 0.0006 | 0.0045 | 10 | 0.95 | 16.8 | × | × | |
A)-use the comparing embodiment of the method preparation of comparing embodiment 2.
b)-Cr：1.40-1.44％，P：0.0010-0.0015％。
A large amount of inclusion is the inclusion that contains REM in described bearing steel product, and the size that contains the inclusion of REM is very thin.With regard to the reinforcing bar (65 millimeters of diameters) of calendering, use statistics of extremes to estimate at 30000mm
2Inclusion size (the cross-sectional area: 100mm of maximum in the area
2, n=16, estimated area 30000mm
2), and the result shows and obtains good size, as shown in table 5.Product made from steel is rolled into wire rod (10 millimeters of diameters), makes the miniature bearings steel then.Then, detection of acoustic and vibration performance, and find it is good.Provide the composition of REM component used in the table 5 in the table 6.
Table 6
| The composition of REM component | Contain Al in the inclusion of REM 2O 3Content | |||||
| La | Ce | Pr | Nd | |||
| Sample | 1 | 0.0009 | 0.0017 | 0.0002 | 0.0005 | 0～18 |
| 2 | 0.0024 | 0.0042 | 0.0003 | 0.0008 | 0～11 | |
| 3 | 0.0003 | 0.0006 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0～29 | |
| 4 | 0.0013 | 0.0023 | 0.0002 | 0.0004 | 0～21 | |
| 5 | 0.0011 | 0.0018 | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | 0～17 | |
| Comparative sample | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 2 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0 | 0 | 0～45 | |
| 3 | 0.0035 | 0.0057 | 0.0005 | 0.0012 | 0～13 | |
| 4 | 0.0012 | 0.0021 | 0.0002 | 0.0005 | 0～16 | |
| 5 | 0.0013 | 0.0022 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0～20 | |
| 6 | 0.0014 | 0.0023 | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | 0～70 | |
(comparing embodiment 2)
According to embodiment 2 in identical method produce the bearing steel shown in the table 5.But in comparing embodiment 2, adopt following conditions: final stage is not added REM in the RH treatment step; Use the addition means identical to add REM, but the addition of REM or be higher than the upper limit that suitable REM measures perhaps is lower than its lower limit with embodiment 1; And handle implementing RH, the percentage composition that will contain the inclusion of REM increase to the proper range of the present invention's definition outer after, incomplete secluding air; And add Ti, make the content of Ti exceed concentration range of the present invention.The result of the inclusion size of gained bearing steel and calendering fatigue test embodiment as a comparison is illustrated in the table 5, and described result is poorer as a result than embodiment's 2.
This shows, the present invention relates to have the steel of finely divided REM base oxide and REM oxysulfide inclusion, and can provide by the deleterious effect of eliminating the oxide-base inclusion and to have good fatigue lifetime of characteristic and the steel of good acoustic/vibration performance.
Claims (18)
1. steel, its at least one part comprises:
Content satisfies the rare earth metal (REM) of formula (1); And quantity satisfies the inclusion that contains REM of formula (2); Al in the wherein said inclusion that contains REM
2O
3Concentration be 0～30 quality %;
Formula (1)
-30＜REM(ppm)-(T.O.(ppm)×280/48)＜50；
Formula (2)
Total quantity＞0.8 of quantity/inclusion of containing the inclusion of REM,
Wherein the inclusion of formula (2) has 1 micron or bigger equivalent diameter.
2. according to the steel of claim 1, wherein REM is selected from Ce, La, Nd and Pr one of at least.
3. according to the steel of claim 2, wherein REM comprises Ce, La, Nd and Pr at least.
4. according to the steel of claim 1 or 2, wherein said steel satisfies one of following four conditions at least:
A) content of Al=0～0.05 quality %;
B) total oxygen content (T.O.)=0.005 quality %;
C) content of S=0.003 quality %; And
D) content of Ti=0.001 quality %.
5. according to the steel of claim 4, the Al content of wherein said steel is 0～0.05 quality %.
6. according to the steel of claim 4, the total oxygen content of wherein said steel (T.O.)=0.05 quality %.
7. according to the steel of claim 4, the S content of wherein said steel=0.003 quality %.
8. according to the steel of claim 4, the Ti content of wherein said steel=0.001 quality %.
9. according to the steel of claim 1 or 2, calendering (L fatigue lifetime of wherein said steel
10) greater than the L that does not add the substantially the same steel that REM makes
103.2 times.
10. according to the steel of claim 9, calendering (L fatigue lifetime of wherein said steel
10) be the L that does not add the substantially the same steel that REM makes at least
107.6 times.
11. according to the steel of claim 9, calendering (L fatigue lifetime of wherein said steel
10) be the L that does not add the substantially the same steel that REM makes
103.2 times to 9.2 times, comprise 9.2 times.
12., do not add calcium or magnesium in the wherein said steel according to the steel of claim 1.
13. according to the steel of claim 4, wherein said steel is a bearing steel.
14. according to the steel of claim 13, wherein said bearing steel is through being shaped to be used for hard disk drive or audio-visual equipment.
15. a method of producing steel, it comprises the steps:
The preparation molten steel,
In described molten steel, add rare earth metal (REM) and oxygen,
The described molten steel of casting forms described steel,
At least one part of wherein said steel comprises:
Content satisfies the REM of formula (1); And quantity satisfies the inclusion that contains REM of formula (2); Al in the wherein said inclusion that contains REM
2O
3Concentration be 0～30 quality %;
Formula (1)
-30＜REM(ppm)-(T.O.(ppm)×280/48)＜50；
Formula (2)
Total quantity＞0.8 of quantity/inclusion of containing the inclusion of REM,
Wherein the inclusion of formula (2) has 1 micron or bigger equivalent diameter.
16., wherein during the RH of molten steel vacuum outgas is handled, add described REM according to the method for claim 15.
17., wherein in adding REM forward direction molten steel, add aluminium according to the method for claim 16.
18. according to the method for claim 16, secluding air fully basically after RH handles wherein.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003068541A JP4256701B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2003-03-13 | Inclusion finely dispersed steel with excellent fatigue life |
| JP068541/2003 | 2003-03-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1759199A true CN1759199A (en) | 2006-04-12 |
| CN100427628C CN100427628C (en) | 2008-10-22 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060157162A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4256701B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100675709B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100427628C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004081250A2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103068513A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2013-04-24 | Skf公司 | Flash-butt welded bearing component |
| CN104583442A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2015-04-29 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Induction-hardening steel having excellent fatigue characteristics |
| CN110079728A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-08-02 | 东北大学 | A kind of good high-strength deformed steel bar muscle of weldability and its manufacturing method |
| CN110484811A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-22 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of ultra-clean rare earth steel and inclusion conditioning control method |
| CN112322988A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 浙江宝武钢铁有限公司 | High-wear-resistance bearing steel electroslag ingot and processing technology thereof |
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| KR101271899B1 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2013-06-05 | 주식회사 포스코 | High carbon and chromium bearing steel and method for manufacturing the same |
| WO2013058131A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2013-04-25 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Bearing steel and method for producing same |
| PL2772559T3 (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2017-05-31 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Steel sheet |
| JP5712945B2 (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2015-05-07 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Method for melting low-sulfur steel |
| CN102732685A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2012-10-17 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Method for adding rare earth into RH refining furnace |
| JP5833984B2 (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2015-12-16 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Bearing steel and bearing parts with excellent rolling fatigue characteristics |
| KR101668201B1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2016-10-20 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | Case-hardened steel having excellent fatigue characteristics |
| US10350676B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2019-07-16 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Spring steel with excellent fatigue resistance and method of manufacturing the same |
| WO2020004496A1 (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-02 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Steel production method |
| CN110592319B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2020-12-01 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Rare earth microalloyed steel and control method |
| CN110438389B (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-03-16 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Production method of high-purity rare earth steel |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3666570A (en) * | 1969-07-16 | 1972-05-30 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp | High-strength low-alloy steels having improved formability |
| US3933480A (en) * | 1972-09-18 | 1976-01-20 | Republic Steel Corporation | Method of making stainless steel having improved machinability |
| DE69127580T2 (en) * | 1990-05-23 | 1998-04-16 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | Bearing steel |
| JP3626278B2 (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 2005-03-02 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Method for producing Al-killed steel without clusters |
| TW408184B (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2000-10-11 | Kawasaki Steel Co | Manufacturing method for producing Titanium killed steel with smooth surface texture |
| JP3661421B2 (en) * | 1998-06-19 | 2005-06-15 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Hot-rolled steel sheet for rerolling and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2003
- 2003-03-13 JP JP2003068541A patent/JP4256701B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-03-11 US US10/547,303 patent/US20060157162A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2004-03-11 WO PCT/JP2004/003251 patent/WO2004081250A2/en active Application Filing
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| CN103068513A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2013-04-24 | Skf公司 | Flash-butt welded bearing component |
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| CN110484811B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2020-07-28 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Ultra-clean rare earth steel and inclusion modification control method |
| WO2021046938A1 (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2021-03-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Ultra-clean rare earth steel and occluded foreign substance modification control method |
| CN112322988A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 浙江宝武钢铁有限公司 | High-wear-resistance bearing steel electroslag ingot and processing technology thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20060157162A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
| JP2004277777A (en) | 2004-10-07 |
| CN100427628C (en) | 2008-10-22 |
| KR100675709B1 (en) | 2007-02-02 |
| JP4256701B2 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
| KR20050103978A (en) | 2005-11-01 |
| WO2004081250A3 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
| WO2004081250A2 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
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