CN1755489A - Reflective display pixels arranged in non-rectangular arrays - Google Patents
Reflective display pixels arranged in non-rectangular arrays Download PDFInfo
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- CN1755489A CN1755489A CN 200510105049 CN200510105049A CN1755489A CN 1755489 A CN1755489 A CN 1755489A CN 200510105049 CN200510105049 CN 200510105049 CN 200510105049 A CN200510105049 A CN 200510105049A CN 1755489 A CN1755489 A CN 1755489A
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Abstract
A display is formed with a plurality of reflective display pixels arranged in a curvilinear configuration, and a plurality of electrodes, where each electrode is electrically coupled to two or more reflective display pixels. In some embodiments, the array is at least partially curvilinear. The reflective display pixels include interferometric modulators.
Description
Technical field
Technical field of the present invention relates to MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS).More specifically, the application's case relates to the interfere type display pixel of non-rectangular arrays form.
Background technology
MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS) comprises micromechanical component, driver and electronic component.Micromechanical component can adopt deposition, etching or other several portions that can etch away substrate and/or institute's deposited material layer maybe can add several layers and make with the micromachined technology that forms electricity and electromechanical assembly.One type MEMS device is called as interferometric modulator.Employed in this article term interferometric modulator or interferometric light modulator are meant a kind ofly utilizes principle of optical interference to absorb selectively and/or catoptrical device.In certain embodiments, an interferometric modulator can comprise the pair of conductive plate, one of them or the two all can be transparent whole or in part and/or be reflectivity, and can relative motion when applying suitable electric signal.In a certain embodiments, a plate can comprise a quiescent layer that is deposited on the substrate, and another plate can comprise a metallic film that separates by an air gap and this quiescent layer.Plate can change the optical interference that is incident in the light on the described interferometric modulator with respect to the position of another plate, will carry out more detailed description to this in this article.Said apparatus is with a wide range of applications, and in this technology, utilizes and/or revises the characteristic of these types of devices so that its performance can be used for improving existing product and makes still undeveloped at present new product will be rather useful.
Summary of the invention
System of the present invention, method and device all have many aspects, and arbitrary single aspect all can not determine its desired characteristic separately.Now, its main characteristic is carried out brief discussion, this not delimit the scope of the invention.Checking this argumentation, especially reading title for after the part of " embodiment ", how people provides the advantage that is better than other display device if can understanding feature of the present invention.
In certain embodiments, a kind of equipment comprises a display.Described display comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators of the structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to.Described display further comprises plurality of electrodes.Each electrode all is electrically coupled to two or more interferometric modulators.
In certain embodiments, a kind of display comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators of the structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to.Described display comprises that further one is electrically coupled to first electrode of one first interferometric modulator group.Described display comprises that further one is electrically coupled to second electrode of one second interferometric modulator group.Each group all contains at least one total interferometric modulator and contains at least one not total interferometric modulator in described first interferometric modulator group and the described second interferometric modulator group.
In certain embodiments, a kind of equipment comprises a display.Described display comprises a plurality of members that are used for the interference mode light modulated.Described display further comprises a plurality of members that are used to conduct electricity, and wherein each conductive member all is electrically coupled to two or more modulation members.
In certain embodiments, a kind of method forms a display device.Described method comprises: form a plurality of interferometric modulators on substrate.Described interferometric modulator is arranged to the structure of curved shape at least in part.Described method further is included on the described substrate and forms plurality of electrodes.Each electrode all is electrically coupled to two or more interferometric modulators.
In certain embodiments, a kind of method shows an image.Described method comprises: a display is provided, and described display comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators of the structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to.Described display further comprises plurality of electrodes.Each electrode all is electrically coupled to two or more interferometric modulators.Described method further comprises optionally and applies signal to described plurality of electrodes, to activate selected interferometric modulator in described a plurality of interferometric modulator.
In certain embodiments, a kind of display comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators of curved columnar structure at least in part that are arranged to.Described display comprises that further one observes the surface, and described observation surface comprises plurality of regions.Each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics.Each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics.All the described ratio with the second area of arbitrary area greater than described appointment of described display is identical basically greater than the described ratio of the first area of the surface area of an appointment for any.
In certain embodiments, a kind of display comprises the member that is used for the interference mode light modulated, and described modulation member cloth is set to the structure of curved shape at least in part.Described display further comprises the member that is used to observe an image.Described observation member comprises plurality of regions.Each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics.Each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics.All the described ratio with the second area of arbitrary area greater than described appointment of described display is identical basically greater than the described ratio of the first area of the surface area of an appointment for any.
In certain embodiments, a kind of method forms a display device.Described method comprises and forms a plurality of interferometric modulators of the structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to.Described method comprises that further formation one comprises the observation surface of plurality of regions.Each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics.Each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics.All the described ratio with the second area of arbitrary area greater than described appointment of described display is identical basically greater than the described ratio of the first area of the surface area of an appointment for any.
In certain embodiments, a kind of method shows an image.Described method comprises provides a display, described display to comprise a plurality of interferometric modulators of the structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to.Described display comprises that further one observes the surface, and described observation surface comprises plurality of regions.Each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics.Each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics.All the described ratio with the second area of arbitrary area greater than described appointment of described display is identical basically greater than the described ratio of the first area of the surface area of an appointment for any.Described method further comprises and optionally activates selected interferometric modulator in described a plurality of interferometric modulator.
In certain embodiments, a kind of display has the edge of curved shape at least in part.Described display comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators of the pixel structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to.Described pixel forms a border, and wherein said border is corresponding to described edge.
In certain embodiments, a kind of display has the edge of curved shape at least in part.Described display comprises a plurality of members of the pixel structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to that are used for the interference mode light modulated.Described pixel forms a border, and wherein said border is corresponding to described edge.
In certain embodiments, a kind of method forms a display device.Described method comprises and forms a plurality of interferometric modulators of the pixel structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to.Described pixel forms a border, and wherein said border is corresponding to the edge of curved shape at least in part of described display.
In certain embodiments, a kind of method shows an image.Described method comprises provides a display, described display to comprise a plurality of interferometric modulators of the pixel structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to.Described pixel forms a border, and wherein said border is corresponding to the edge of curved shape at least in part of described display.Described method further comprises and optionally activates selected interferometric modulator in described a plurality of interferometric modulator.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is first-class axle figure, it shows the part of an embodiment of an interferometric modulator display, wherein one of one first interferometric modulator removable reflection horizon is in an off-position, and a removable reflection horizon of one second interferometric modulator is in an excited target position.
Fig. 2 is a system block diagram, and it shows that one comprises an embodiment of the electronic installation of one 3 * 3 interferometric modulator displays.
Fig. 3 is the removable mirror position of an exemplary embodiment of interferometric modulator shown in Figure 1 and the graph of a relation of the voltage that applies.
Fig. 4 is one group of synoptic diagram that can be used for driving the row and column voltage of interferometric modulator display.
Fig. 5 A is presented at an exemplary frame of display data in 3 * 3 interferometric modulator displays shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 5 B demonstration can be used for writing the capable signal of frame shown in Fig. 5 A and an exemplary sequential chart of column signal.
Fig. 6 A is the sectional view of a device shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 6 B is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment of an interferometric modulator.
Fig. 6 C is a sectional view of another alternate embodiment of an interferometric modulator.
Fig. 7 one illustrates the stereographic map of a wrist-watch, wherein employed non-rectangle pel array on this Watch dail plate has been carried out amplifying showing.
Fig. 8 be one wherein each pixel all have the synoptic diagram of the non-rectangular arrays of essentially identical area.
Fig. 9 A be one wherein each pixel all comprise the synoptic diagram of the non-rectangle pel array of single interference formula modulator.
Fig. 9 B be one wherein each pixel all comprise the synoptic diagram of the non-rectangle pel array of four interferometric modulators with basic identical shape.
Fig. 9 C be one wherein each pixel all comprise the synoptic diagram of the non-rectangle pel array of a plurality of interferometric modulators with essentially identical size and essentially identical shape.
Figure 10 A is the system block diagrams of the embodiment of a display device.
Figure 10 B is the system block diagrams of the embodiment of a display device.
Embodiment
Below describe in detail at some embodiments of the invention.But, the present invention can implement by being permitted different ways.In this explanation, can be with reference to accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawings, identical parts use identical number-mark from start to finish.Find out easily that according to following explanation the present invention can implement in arbitrary configuration is used for the device of display image (no matter no matter is dynamic image (for example video) or still image (for example rest image), be character image or picture also).More specifically, the present invention can implement in numerous kinds of electronic installations below (but being not limited to) for example or be associated with these electronic installations: mobile phone, wireless device, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld computer or portable computer, gps receiver/omniselector, camera, the MP3 player, video camera, game machine, wrist-watch, clock, counter, TV monitor, flat-panel monitor, computer monitor, automotive displays (for example mileometer display etc.), driving cabin control device and/or display, camera scenery display (for example rear view cameras display of vehicle), electronic photo, electronics billboard or label, projector, building structure, packing and aesthetic structures (for example image display of a jewelry).The MEMS device that has similar structures with MESE device described herein also can be used for non-display application, for example is used for electronic switching device.
Show an interferometric modulator display embodiment who contains an interfere type MEMS display element among Fig. 1.In these devices, pixel is in bright state or dark state.Under bright (open (on) or open (open)) state, display element reflexes to the user with the major part of incident visible light.Be in dark (close (off) or close (closed)) state following time, display element reflects the incident visible light to the user hardly.Decide on different embodiment, can put upside down the light reflectance properties of "on" and "off" state.The MEMS pixel can be configured to mainly reflect under selected color, also can realize colored the demonstration except that black and white.
Fig. 1 is first-class axle figure, and it shows two neighbors in a series of pixels of a visual displays, and wherein each pixel all comprises a MEMS interferometric modulator.In certain embodiments, an interferometric modulator display comprises a row/column array that is made of these interferometric modulators.Each interferometric modulator includes a pair of reflection horizon, and this is positioned to each other to have a variable-sized optical resonance cavity at a distance of a variable and controlled distance at least to form one to the reflection horizon.In one embodiment, one of them reflection horizon can be moved between the two positions.Be referred to herein as on the primary importance of relaxed state, the local reflex layer that the position of this displaceable layers distance one is fixed is far away relatively.On the second place, the position of this displaceable layers is more closely near this local reflex layer.Decide position according to removable reflection horizon, from the incident light of this two layers reflection can with mutually long or mutually the mode of disappearing interfere, thereby form the mass reflex or the non-reflective state of each pixel.
The pixel array portion that shows in Fig. 1 comprises two adjacent interferometric modulator 12a and 12b.In the interferometric modulator 12a in left side, demonstration one movably high reflection layer 14a is in a relaxation position, and this relaxation position is apart from fixing local reflex layer 16a one preset distance.In the interferometric modulator 12b on right side, show this movably high reflection layer 14b be in an excited target position, this excited target position is near fixing local reflex layer 16b.
Fixed bed 16a, 16b conduct electricity, the part is transparent and local is reflectivity, and can the layer of one or more respectively do for oneself chromium and tin indium oxides be made by for example depositing on a transparent substrates 20.Described each layer is patterned into parallel band, and can form the column electrode in the display device, as further specifying hereinafter.Displaceable layers 14a, 14b can form by one or more depositing metal layers that is deposited on pillar 18 tops (and column electrode 16a, 16b quadrature) and and be deposited on the series of parallel band that the middle expendable material between the pillar 18 constitutes.After expendable material was etched, these deformable metal level 14a, 14b and the metal level of fixing separated by an air gap 19 of stipulating.These deformable layer can use one to have high conductivity and reflexive material (for example aluminium), and those bands can form the row electrode in the display device.
When not applying voltage, cavity 19 remains between a layer 14a, the 16a, and deformable layer is in the mechanical relaxed state shown in pixel 12a among Fig. 1.Yet after a selected row and column applies potential difference (PD), the capacitor that forms at the respective pixel place of described row and column electrode intersection is recharged, and electrostatic force pulls to these electrodes together.If voltage is enough high, then displaceable layers generation deformation, and be forced on the fixed bed (can on fixed bed, deposit a dielectric material (not shown in this Figure), preventing short circuit, and the control separation distance), shown in the pixel 12b on right side among Fig. 1.Regardless of the potential difference (PD) polarity that is applied, the behavior is all identical.This shows, may command reflection and row/row of non-reflective pixel state encourage to traditional LCD and other display techniques in used row/row encourage similar in many aspects.
Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 B shows the example process and the system that use an interferometric modulator array in a display application.
Fig. 2 is a system block diagram, and this figure shows that one can embody an embodiment of the electronic installation of each side of the present invention.In this exemplary embodiment, described electronic installation comprises a processor 21-, and it can be any general purpose single-chip or multicore sheet microprocessor, for example ARM, Pentium
, Pentium II
, Pentium III
, Pentium IV
, Pentium
Pro, 8051, MIPS
, Power PC
, ALPHA
, or any special microprocessor, for example digital signal processor, microcontroller or programmable gate array.According to convention in the industry, processor 21 can be configured to carry out one or more software modules.Except that carrying out an operating system, also this processor can be configured to carry out one or more software applications, comprise web browser, telephony application, e-mail program or any other software application.
In one embodiment, processor 21 also is configured to communicate with an array controller 22.In one embodiment, array control unit 22 comprises a horizontal drive circuit 24 and the column drive circuit 26 that signal is provided to an array of display or panel 30.Array sectional view shown in Fig. 1 illustrates with line 1-1 in Fig. 2.For the MEMS interferometric modulator, described row/row excitation protocol can utilize the hysteresis property of these devices shown in Figure 3.It for example may need, and one 10 volts potential difference (PD) makes a displaceable layers be deformed into actuated state from relaxed state.Yet, when described voltage when this value reduces, reduce when being back to below 10 volts at described voltage, described displaceable layers will keep its state.In the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 3, before voltage drop was low to moderate below 2 volts, displaceable layers is relaxation fully not.Therefore, in example shown in Figure 3, exist one to be approximately the voltage range that 3-7 lies prostrate, exist one to apply voltage window in this voltage range, described device is stabilized in relaxation or actuated state in this window.Be referred to as " lag windwo " or " stability window " in this article.For an array of display with hysteresis characteristic shown in Figure 3, OK/the row excitation protocol can be designed to be expert at during the gating, the pixel that is energized is applied about 10 a volts voltage difference to selected in current, and to being applied one near 0 volt voltage difference by the pixel of relaxation.After gating, it is poor to apply about 5 a volts steady state voltage to pixel, and gating makes its residing any state so that its maintenance is expert at.After being written into, in this example, each pixel is all born one and is in " stability window " interior potential difference (PD) that 3-7 lies prostrate.This characteristic makes pixel design shown in Figure 1 be stabilized in an existing foment or a relaxed state under identical the voltage conditions that applies.Because each pixel of interferometric modulator, no matter be in foment or relaxed state, in fact all be one by described fixed reflector and capacitor that mobile reflection horizon constituted, therefore, this steady state (SS) can be kept under the voltage in the lag windwo and consumed power hardly.If the current potential that is applied is constant, then there is not electric current to flow into pixel basically.
In the typical case uses, can be by determining that according to one group of desired actuated pixels in first row one group of row electrode forms a display frame.After this, a horizontal pulse is put on the electrode of the 1st row, thereby encourage the pixel corresponding with determined alignment.After this, determined one group of row electrode is become corresponding with desired one group of actuated pixels in second row.After this, with a pulse put on the 2nd the row electrode, thereby according to determined row electrode encourage the 2nd the row in respective pixel.The pixel of the 1st row is not subjected to the influence of the pulse of the 2nd row, thereby the state that keeps it to set at the impulse duration of the 1st row.The property mode repeats above-mentioned steps to the row of whole series in order, to form described frame.Usually, repeating this process continuously by the speed with a certain desired frame number/second to refresh and/or upgrade these frames with new video data.Also have a variety of row and the row electrodes that are used to drive pel array also to be known, and can use with the present invention by people with the agreement that forms display frame.
Fig. 4,5A and Fig. 5 B show a kind of possible excitation protocol that is used for forming a display frame on 3 * 3 arrays shown in Figure 2.Fig. 4 shows one group of possible row and column voltage level of can be used for having the pixel of hysteresis curve shown in Figure 3.In the embodiment of Fig. 4, encourage a pixel to comprise and be set to-V being listed as accordingly
Bias, and will go accordingly be set to+Δ V-its can correspond respectively to-5 volts and+5 volts.The relaxation pixel then is to be set to+V by being listed as accordingly
BiasAnd will go accordingly and be set to identical+Δ V, form one 0 volts potential difference (PD) at described pixel two ends thus and realize.Wherein go voltages at those and keep in 0 volt the row, pixel is stable at its initial residing state, and be in these row+Vbias still-Vbias has nothing to do.Equally as shown in FIG. 4, should be appreciated that, can use polarity and above-mentioned opposite polarity voltage, for example encourage a pixel to comprise and be set to+V being listed as accordingly
Bias, and will go accordingly and be set to-Δ V.In this embodiment, discharging pixel is to be set to-V by being listed as accordingly
BiasAnd will go accordingly and be set to identical-Δ V, form one 0 volts potential difference (PD) at described pixel two ends thus and realize.
Fig. 5 B is the sequential chart of a series of row of demonstration and column signal, and those signals put on 3 * 3 arrays shown in Figure 2, and it will form the demonstration shown in Fig. 5 A and arrange that wherein actuated pixels is non-reflectivity.Before writing the frame shown in Fig. 5 A, pixel can be in any state, and in this example, all row all are in 0 volt, and all row all be in+5 volts.Under these institute's voltages that apply, all pixels are stable at its existing actuated state or relaxed state.
In the frame shown in Fig. 5 A, pixel (1,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,2) and (3,3) are encouraged.For realizing this effect, during the line time of the 1st row, the 1st row and the 2nd row are set at-5 volts, the 3rd row are set at+5 volts.This can not change the state of any pixel, because all pixels all remain in the stability window of 3-7 volt.After this, rise to 5 volts of pulses that are back to 0 volt that descend again then by one from 0 volt and come gating the 1st row.Actuate pixel (1,1) and (1,2) and make pixel (1,3) relaxation thus.Other pixel in the array is all unaffected.For the 2nd row is set at desired state, the 2nd row are set at-5 volts, the 1st row and the 3rd row are set to+5 volts.After this, apply identical strobe pulse with actuate pixel (2,2) and make pixel (2,1) and (2,3) relaxation to the 2nd row.Equally, other pixel in the array is all unaffected.Similarly, by the 2nd row and the 3rd row are set at-5 volts, and be listed as the 1st be set at+5 volts to the 3rd capable the setting.The strobe pulse of the 3rd row is set at the state shown in Fig. 5 A with the 3rd row pixel.After writing incoming frame, the row current potential is 0, and the row current potential can remain on+5 or-5 volts, and after this demonstration will be stable at the layout shown in Fig. 5 A.Should be appreciated that, can use identical programs the array that constitutes by tens of or hundreds of row and columns.The timing, order and the level that should also be clear that the voltage that is used to implement the row and column excitation can alter a great deal in above-described General Principle, and above-mentioned example only is exemplary, and any actuation voltage method all can be used with system and method as herein described.
Figure 10 A and 10B are the system block diagrams of an embodiment of demonstration one display device 40.Display device 40 for example can be cellular phone or mobile phone.Yet the discrepant slightly assembly of the same components of display device 40 or its also can illustrate dissimilar display device, for example TV or portable electronic device.
Display device 40 comprises a shell 41, a display 30, an antenna 43, a loudspeaker 44, an input media 48, reaches a microphone 46.Shell 41 comprises injection moulding and vacuum forming usually by any the making in the known many kinds of manufacturing process of those skilled in the art.In addition, shell 41 can include, but is not limited to plastics, metal, glass, rubber and pottery or its combination by any the making in the many kinds of materials.In one embodiment, shell 41 comprises the moveable part (not shown) that can have different colours with other or comprise the moveable part exchange of unlike signal, picture or symbol.
The display 30 of exemplary display device 40 can be any in the numerous kinds of displays, comprises bi-stable display as herein described.In other embodiments, display 30 comprises flat-panel monitors such as plasma scope for example mentioned above, EL, OLED, STN LCD or TFT LCD or non-tablet display such as CRT or other tubular device for example, and this is known by the those skilled in the art.Yet for ease of the explanation present embodiment, display 30 comprises just like interferometric modulator display as herein described.
Figure 10 B schematically shows the assembly among the embodiment of exemplary display device 40.Example illustrated demonstration client computer 40 comprises a shell 41, and can comprise that other are at least partially enclosed within the assembly in the shell 41.For example, in one embodiment, exemplary display device 40 comprises a network interface 27, and this network interface 27 comprises that one is coupled to the antenna 43 of a transceiver 47.Transceiver 47 is connected to processor 21, and processor 21 is connected to again regulates hardware 52.Regulating hardware 52 can be configured to a signal is regulated (for example a signal being carried out filtering).Regulate hardware 52 and be connected to a loudspeaker 44 and a microphone 46.Processor 21 also is connected to an input media 48 and a driving governor 29.Driving governor 29 is coupled to one frame buffer 28 and is coupled to array driver 22, and array driver 22 is coupled to an array of display 30 again.One power supply 50 is powered to all component according to the designing requirement of this particular exemplary display device 40.
Network interface 27 comprises antenna 43 and transceiver 47, so that exemplary display device 40 can communicate by network and one or more device.In one embodiment, network interface 27 also can have some processing capacity, to reduce the requirement to processor 21.Antenna 43 is used to transmit and receive the antenna of signal for known any of person of ordinary skill in the field.In one embodiment, antenna is launched according to IEEE 802.11 standards (comprising IEEE 802.11 (a), (b), or (g)) and is received the RF signal.In another embodiment, antenna is launched according to bluetooth (BLUETOOTH) standard and is received the RF signal.If be cellular phone, then antenna is designed to receive CDMA, GSM, AMPS or other and is used for the known signal that communicates at the mobile phone network.47 pairs of signals that receive from antenna 43 of transceiver carry out pre-service, so that it can be received and further be handled by processor 21.Transceiver 47 is also handled the signal that self processor 21 receives, so that they can be by antenna 43 from 40 emissions of exemplary client computer.
In an alternate embodiment, transceiver 47 can be substituted by a receiver.In another alternate embodiment, can replace network interface 27 by an image source, this image source can store or produce and send out the view data of delivering to processor 21.For example, this image source can be one and contains the software module that the digital video disk (DVD) of view data or hard disk drive or produce view data.
The overall operation of processor 21 common control examples display device 40.Processor 21 automatic network interfaces 27 or an image source receive data (for example Ya Suo view data), and this data processing is become raw image data or is processed into a kind of form that is easy to be processed into raw image data.Then, the data after processor 21 will be handled are sent to driving governor 29 or are sent to frame buffer 28 and store.Raw data typically refers to the information that can discern the picture characteristics of each position in the image.For example, described picture characteristics can comprise color, saturation degree and gray level.
In one embodiment, processor 21 comprises a microcontroller, CPU or is used for the logical block of the operation of control examples display device 40.Regulating hardware 52 generally includes and is used for sending signals and from the amplifier and the wave filter of microphone 46 received signals to loudspeaker 44.Adjusting hardware 52 can be the discrete component in the exemplary display device 40, perhaps can incorporate in processor 21 or other assemblies.
Driving governor 29 direct self processors 21 or obtain the raw image data that produces by processor 21 from frame buffer 28, and suitably with the raw image data reformatting so as high-speed transfer to array driver 22.Particularly, driving governor 29 is reformated into a data stream with raster-like format with raw image data, so that it has a chronological order that is suitable for scanning array of display 30.Then, the information after driving governor 29 will format is sent to array driver 22.Although a driving governor 29 (a for example lcd controller) usually as one independently integrated circuit (IC) be associated with system processor 21, these controllers can make up by many kinds of modes.It can be used as hardware and is embedded in the processor 21, is embedded in the processor 21 or fully-integrated with example, in hardware and array driver 22 as software.
Usually, the self-driven controllers 29 of array driver 22 receive the information after the format and video data are reformated into one group of parallel waveform, and the parallel waveform per second of this group many times is applied to from hundreds of of the x-y picture element matrix of display, thousands of lead-in wires sometimes.
In one embodiment, driving governor 29, array driver 22, and array of display 30 be applicable to the display of arbitrary type as herein described.For example, in one embodiment, driving governor 29 is a traditional display controller or bistable display controllers (a for example interferometric modulator controller).In another embodiment, array driver 22 is a legacy drive or a bistable display driver (a for example interferometric modulator display).In one embodiment, a driving governor 29 integrates with array driver 22.This embodiment is very common in the integrated system of for example cellular phone, wrist-watch and other small-area display equal altitudes.In another embodiment, array of display 30 is a typical array of display or a bistable array of display (a for example display that comprises an interferometric modulator array).
Input media 48 makes the operation that the user can control examples display device 40.In one embodiment, input media 48 comprises a keypad (for example a qwerty keyboard or a telephone keypad), a button, a switch, a touch sensitive screen, a pressure-sensitive or thermosensitive film.In one embodiment, microphone 46 is an input media of exemplary display device 40.When using microphone 46, can provide voice command to come the operation of control examples display device 40 by the user to these device input data.
Power supply 50 can comprise many kinds of energy storing devices, and this is well-known in affiliated field.For example, in one embodiment, power supply 50 is a rechargeable accumulator, for example a nickel-cadmium accumulator or a lithium-ions battery.In another embodiment, power supply 50 is a regenerative resource, capacitor or solar cell, comprises a plastic solar cell and solar cell coating.In another embodiment, the socket that is configured to from the wall of power supply 50 receives electric power.
In certain embodiments, programmability is as indicated above is present in the driving governor in control, and this driving governor can be arranged on several positions of electronic display system.In some cases, the control programmability is present in the array driver 22.The those skilled in the art will know, can reach the above-mentioned optimization of enforcement in different structures in number of hardware and/or the component software arbitrarily.
Detailed structure according to the interferometric modulator of above-mentioned principle operation can be ever-changing.For example, Fig. 6 A-6C shows three kinds of different embodiment of moving lens structure.Fig. 6 A is a sectional view embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, wherein deposition one strip of metal material 14 on the support member 18 that quadrature extends.In Fig. 6 B, movably reflecting material 14 only is on the tethers 32 at corner and is attached to support member.In Fig. 6 C, movably reflecting material 14 is suspended on the deformable layer 34.Because the structural design and the material therefor of reflecting material 14 can be optimized aspect optical characteristics, and the structural design of deformable layer 34 and material therefor can be optimized aspect the desired mechanical property, so this embodiment has some advantages.In many open files, comprise that for example No. 2004/0051929 U.S. discloses in the application case, the production of various dissimilar interference devices has been described.Can use the known technology of a variety of people to make said structure, this comprises a series of material depositions, patterning and etching step.
Many displays, for example computer monitor, TV, and the display of mobile phone, counter and PDA are rectangular display.There is the display in some display application (for example Watch dail plate) then to be non-rectangular display.The program that is generally used for making these non-rectangular displays is to form a rectangular display, remove or cover each corner as required then.Only use a part of reason of rectangular display to be that many display element technology (for example in thin film transistor used display element technology) need complicated driving and addressing circuit.Because circuit must mate or compensate at least in part irregular display geometry shape, thereby preference use rectilinear geometry only always.Can recognize, the aspect that this can cause the waste of material and therefore become installation cost, and this of cancellation element cost will be rather useful on the one hand.In addition, when in a circular application, using rectangular display, also can sacrifice the aesthetic property at periphery place at least.
As hereinafter will more fully illustrating, interferometric modulator for example mentioned above is highly suitable for making the non-rectangle pel array.Fig. 1 discusses as reference, and an interfere type optical modulation cavity is formed at the place, point of crossing of removable stratose 14a and 14b and rows of electrodes 16a and 16b.Because its driving and addressing circuit are not too complicated, thereby row and the row that comprise the array of display of interferometric modulator and not only be confined to have linearity as herein described.When keeping general structure shown in Figure 1, each removable stratose all will be modulated at the place, point of crossing with its rows of electrodes of intersecting by one, and regardless of each part or overall shape of going or respectively being listed as.This kind modulation will be as mentioned with reference to Fig. 5 A and 5B is described carries out.Correspondingly, can form interferometric modulator according to principle mentioned above with curve shape.This feature of interferometric modulator makes people can make the array of display with various structure.
Fig. 7 shows that one has the wrist-watch 700 of non-rectangular display, and the part of wrist-watch 700 is exaggerated demonstration as display part 702.In this embodiment, this array is made of removable stratose 714 and curve-like rows of electrodes 716, and wherein interferometric modulator is formed at row and the place, point of crossing that is listed as.Although be to discuss rows of electrodes 716 and removable stratose 714 in this embodiment, yet should be appreciated that, be at random to the selection of the sign of row and row, and each row or each row can be formed by interferometric modulator electrode or displaceable layers structure.Although should be further appreciated that displaceable layers-be called " displaceable layers ", in fact also be electrode so that it is distinguished mutually with the structure that is known as " electrode ".Should be further appreciated that also each row and each row can be linearity, non-linear shape or curve-like.
In Fig. 7, row 716 is shown as a series of isocentric circular arc, and the row 714 of linearity extend radially from a common center point.The central point of each row is to share same point with the central point of described isocentric circular arc in embodiment illustrated in fig. 7.And as indicated above, modulator pixel is formed at row 716 and locates with the point of crossing of row 714.
In certain embodiments, row 716 and row 714 can be isocentric circular arc or concentric circles, and perhaps it can have different centers.It can have essentially identical curvature value maybe can have different curvature values.It can partially or even wholly be a linearity.It can be at one or crooked on a plurality of directions.It can have essentially identical or different width.The width of row 716 or row 714 can according to or do not vary along its length according to local curvature's value.Row 716 can have essentially identical or different curvature characteristic with row 714.Adjacent row 716 or adjacent row 714 both can seem substantially parallel also can seem not substantially parallel.The curvature characteristic of the part of display can be basic identical or different with the curvature characteristic of another part of display.The part of display can not shared delegation 716 or row 714 with another part of display.The curvature of row 716 and row 714 can or comprise the shape of certain other part of the device of this display corresponding to overall shape or its part of whole display.Row 716 can be from meeting at right angles to very sharp little angle substantially with the angular range that row 714 can intersect.Can control the characteristics such as for example curvature, angle and width of row 716 and row 714 and realize desired aesthetic effect.Display can comprise row 716 and row 714, perhaps can only comprise row 716 or row 714.Row 716 and row 714 can show as and self intersect or have end points continuously and not.The path that can use the bottom of electronic installation is made the electric connection line of row 716 and row 714.These connecting lines can occur by single mode or multiple mode, and the end that perhaps both can be formed at row 716 and row 714 also can not be formed at the end of row 716 and row 714.
Because pixel is to be formed by row 716 point of crossing with row 714, thereby the shape of pixel will accompany 716 and the characteristic of row 714 and changing.Pixel can have straight and/or crooked edge.It can have essentially identical size and/or shape, perhaps can be of different sizes and shape.Some pixel can be triangle.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 7, each row 716 in the array has the spacing that equates basically, thereby makes all pixels have identical length along its column border.Along with the length of each row 716 reduces towards the center, the pixel wide that follows the edge reduces, thereby the area of each pixel is reduced towards array center.Therefore, Fig. 7 shows a specific embodiment that wherein area of different pixels can be inequality in the array.Other structures of array can make the area change of pixel as required.For example, the width that changes row 714 among Fig. 7 also can make the area change of pixel.
The embodiment that great majority in the array wherein or all pixels can have essentially identical area also contained in this paper.Fig. 8 shows the part of such an embodiment.Inevitably, each row 814 can be along with it narrows down near the center.For being compensated, row 816 is broadened, thereby make area substantially constant in whole array constant.Also can make some pixel form its area and be greater than or less than most of pixels in the array.For example, in Fig. 8, can the rest of pixels in the array can be constructed with essentially identical area simultaneously with making forr a short time (for example dividing half) or bigger (for example uniting two into one) near the pixel of center.
In certain embodiments, pixel can be made up of an interferometric modulator.In this case, the shape of the shape of pixel and size and interferometric modulator and measure-alike is shown in Fig. 9 A.In other examples, a pixel can comprise a plurality of interferometric modulators, shown in Fig. 9 B and 9C.Interferometric modulator can form any selected shape (for example circular, oval or the like) according to the shape of required pixel and size, and this only is subjected to the constraint of the manufacturing capacity level when making.
Fig. 9 B shows the example of a plurality of interferometric modulators in an array, and wherein for a plurality of pixels in this array, the quantity of each pixel internal interference formula modulator is identical.For realizing the pixel of different size, can use the interferometric modulator of different size.Fig. 9 C shows the example of a pel array, and wherein the interferometric modulator in each pixel is measure-alike.For realizing the pixel of different size, can use interferometric modulator more or less.The various structures that on behalf of the person of ordinary skill in the field, these embodiment can design.
In arbitrary specific embodiment with the shape of the interferometric modulator that uses and size all can according to principle described herein and under in the technical field known principle select, wherein the knowledge that the person of ordinary skill in the field understood is included in the 6th, 794, No. 119, the 6th, 741, No. 377, the 6th, 710, No. 908 and the 5th, 835, the subject matter of being contained in No. 255 United States Patent (USP)s.Design consideration includes but not limited to manufacture craft, the process of motivation of interferometric modulator, the required character of display, for example density of active region, brightness, size and the shape of interferometric modulator.
The display that comprises interferometric modulator described herein comprises an optical activity part, and the optical property of this optical activity part can change with the signal that is applied to interferometric modulator.Described display also comprises an optics non-active portion, and the optical property of described optics non-active portion does not change with the signal that is applied to interferometric modulator.Usually, the most of or whole invalid part of invalid part is to separate the part of each interferometric modulator.
In some cases, it is rather useful that each zone in the observation district of a display is compared, thereby wherein each zone of display is arbitraryly in the display to comprise the part that a sufficient amount pixel is represented the vague generalization density of interferometric modulator.For example, a zone must not be too little so that only comprise the inactive area of separating two interferometric modulators.Usually, a zone comprises at least four interferometric modulators, but also can comprise any greater number interferometric modulator, for example 100,1000 or 10,000 interferometric modulators.Described zone also can be measured by area, and wherein a zone is at least 0.0025mm usually
2, but also can be bigger, for example be 0.1mm
2, 1mm
2Or 10mm
2
In certain embodiments, the live part that display architectures can be become arbitrary zone with enough areas (for example, as indicated above) in the display to the area of invalid part than all basically with display in arbitrary live part in zone that other have enough areas to the area of invalid part than identical.Therefore, in such an embodiment, on the whole surface of display, live part compares basically identical to the area of invalid part.The live part of display described herein to the area of invalid part than can being arbitrary value in the various values according to the required outward appearance of display.In many examples, make the value maximization of useful area.
In other embodiments, when the character of wishing display is not to have consistent live part when the area of invalid part is compared, can design this display according to described teaching herein, pixel is ranked into a non-rectangular arrays and interferometric modulator is arranged in these pixels.For example, for wishing that wherein Outboard Sections has the circular displays of bigger live part to the area ratio of invalid part, can use design for example shown in Figure 7.In the present embodiment, the Pixel Dimensions at the exterior lateral area place of display increases.Principle as herein described also can be used for forming a wherein round inside part to be had bigger live part and forms the display with any structure in the various not isostructures to the display of the area ratio of invalid part or according to the required form and the outward appearance of display.
Embodiment as herein described is current preferred embodiment, and setting forth these embodiment is in order to realize understanding of the present invention.Yet, though also exist many do not specified the present invention in this article can be by the non-rectangular arrays structure that comprises interferometric modulator of its enforcement.Therefore, should not think that the present invention only limits to specific embodiment as herein described, but should be appreciated that the present invention has extensive applicability for the non-rectangular arrays that comprises interferometric modulator.Use or implement because some feature can be independent of other features, thereby the present invention can not provide in the form of all features as herein described and advantage one and implements.Therefore, all modification, variation or equivalent layout and embodiments that still belong in claims category of enclosing all should be considered as belonging in the category of the present invention.
Claims (66)
1, a kind of equipment, it comprises:
A plurality of interferometric modulators of the structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to; And
Plurality of electrodes, wherein each electrode all is electrically coupled at least two interferometric modulators in described a plurality of interferometric modulator.
2, equipment as claimed in claim 1, the described interferometric modulator in wherein said a plurality of interferometric modulators is arranged along the segmental arc that is parallel to each other substantially.
3, equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein said segmental arc are the concentric circles section.
4, equipment as claimed in claim 2, some interferometric modulator at least in wherein said a plurality of interferometric modulators are further along the straight line of cardinal principle perpendicular to described segmental arc.
5, equipment as claimed in claim 4, wherein said straight line is not parallel to each other substantially.
6, equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one interferometric modulator has a general rectangular shape.
7, equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one interferometric modulator has one or more straight substantially edges.
8, equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein each interferometric modulator all has essentially identical area.
9, equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein each interferometric modulator all has essentially identical shape.
10, equipment as claimed in claim 1, one of wherein said equipment is observed the surface and is comprised plurality of regions, each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics, each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics, and wherein any is all identical greater than the described ratio of the second area of the area of described appointment with any basically greater than the described ratio of the first area of the surface area of an appointment.
11, equipment as claimed in claim 10, the area of wherein said appointment is between about 0.01mm
2With about 1mm
2Between.
12, equipment as claimed in claim 1, one of wherein said equipment is observed the surface and is comprised plurality of regions, each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics, each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics, and wherein a described ratio greater than the first area of the surface area of an appointment is different from a described ratio greater than the second area of the area of described appointment.
13, equipment as claimed in claim 1, it further comprises:
One with the processor of described plurality of electrodes electric connection, described processor is configured to image data processing; And
One with the memory storage of described processor electric connection.
14, equipment as claimed in claim 13, it further comprises:
One drive circuit, it is configured to send at least one signal to described plurality of electrodes.
15, equipment as claimed in claim 14, it further comprises:
One controller, it is configured at least a portion of described view data is sent to described driving circuit.
16, equipment as claimed in claim 13, it comprises that further one is configured to send to described processor the image source module of described view data.
17, equipment as claimed in claim 16, wherein said image source module comprise a receiver, transceiver, reach at least one in the transmitter.
18, equipment as claimed in claim 13, it further comprises an input media, described input media is configured to receive the input data and transmits described input data to described processor.
19, a kind of display, it comprises:
A plurality of interferometric modulators of the structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to;
One is electrically coupled to first electrode of one first interferometric modulator group; And
One is electrically coupled to second electrode of one second interferometric modulator group, and at least one total interferometric modulator is all contained in each group in wherein said first interferometric modulator group and the described second interferometric modulator group, and contains at least one not total interferometric modulator.
20, display as claimed in claim 19, some interferometric modulator at least in wherein said a plurality of interferometric modulators is arranged along a straight line.
21, display as claimed in claim 19, wherein at least one interferometric modulator has one or more straight substantially edges.
22, display as claimed in claim 19, wherein each interferometric modulator all has essentially identical area.
23, display as claimed in claim 19, wherein each interferometric modulator all has essentially identical shape.
24, display as claimed in claim 19, one of wherein said display is observed the surface and is comprised plurality of regions, each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics, each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics, and wherein any is all identical greater than the described ratio of the second area of the area of described appointment with any basically greater than the described ratio of the first area of the surface area of an appointment.
25, a kind of equipment that comprises a display, wherein said display comprises:
A plurality of members that are used for the interference mode light modulated; And
A plurality of members that are used to conduct electricity, wherein each conductive member all is electrically coupled to two or more modulation members.
26, equipment as claimed in claim 25, wherein said a plurality of modulation members comprise a plurality of interferometric modulators.
27, equipment as claimed in claim 25, wherein said plural conductive member comprises plurality of electrodes.
28, a kind of method of formation one display device, described method comprises:
Form a plurality of interferometric modulators on a substrate, described interferometric modulator is arranged to the structure of curved shape at least in part; And
Form plurality of electrodes on described substrate, wherein each electrode all is electrically coupled to two or more interferometric modulators.
29, method as claimed in claim 28, wherein each interferometric modulator all has essentially identical area.
30, method as claimed in claim 28, it comprises that further forming one of described display device observes the surface, described observation surface comprises plurality of regions, each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics, each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics, and wherein any is all identical greater than the described ratio of the second area of the surface area of described appointment with any basically greater than the described ratio of the first area of the surface area of an appointment.
31, method as claimed in claim 28, it further comprises and forms the interferometric modulator that at least one has one or more straight substantially edges.
32, method as claimed in claim 28, it comprises that further forming each has the interferometric modulator of essentially identical shape.
33, a kind of display device of making by method as claimed in claim 28.
34, a kind of method of demonstration one image, described method comprises:
One display is provided, described display comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators of the structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to, described display further comprises plurality of electrodes, and wherein each electrode all is electrically coupled to two or more interferometric modulators; And
Optionally apply signal, to activate selected interferometric modulator in described a plurality of interferometric modulator to described plurality of electrodes.
35, a kind of display, it comprises:
A plurality of interferometric modulators of curved columnar structure at least in part that are arranged to; And
One observes the surface, it comprises plurality of regions, each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics, each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics, and wherein any is all identical greater than the described ratio of the second area of the area of described appointment with any of described display basically greater than the described ratio of the first area of the surface area of an appointment.
36, display as claimed in claim 35, wherein at least one interferometric modulator has one or more straight substantially edges.
37, display as claimed in claim 35, wherein each interferometric modulator all has essentially identical area.
38, display as claimed in claim 35, wherein each interferometric modulator all has essentially identical shape.
39, display as claimed in claim 35, it further comprises:
One with the processor of described a plurality of interferometric modulator electric connections, described processor is configured to image data processing; And
One with the memory storage of described processor electric connection.
40, display as claimed in claim 39, it further comprises:
One drive circuit, it is configured to send at least one signal to described a plurality of interferometric modulators.
41, display as claimed in claim 40, it further comprises:
One controller, it is configured at least a portion of described view data is sent to described driving circuit.
42, display as claimed in claim 39, it comprises that further one is configured to send to described processor the image source module of described view data.
43, display as claimed in claim 42, wherein said image source module comprise a receiver, transceiver, reach at least one in the transmitter.
44, display as claimed in claim 39, it further comprises an input media, described input media is configured to receive the input data and transmits described input data to described processor.
45, a kind of display, it comprises:
Be used for the member with the interference mode light modulated, it is arranged to the structure of curved shape at least in part; And
Be used to observe the member of an image, described observation member comprises plurality of regions, each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics, each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics, and wherein any is all identical greater than the described ratio of the second area of the area of described appointment with any of described display basically greater than the described ratio of the first area of the surface area of an appointment.
46, display as claimed in claim 45, wherein said modulation member comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators.
47, display as claimed in claim 45, wherein said observation member comprises a surface.
48, a kind of method of formation one display device, described method comprises:
Form a plurality of interferometric modulators of the structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to; And
Form one and observe the surface, described observation surface comprises plurality of regions, each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics, each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics, and wherein any is all identical greater than the described ratio of the second area of the area of described appointment with any of described display basically greater than the described ratio of the first area of the surface area of an appointment.
49, a kind of display device that forms by method as claimed in claim 48.
50, a kind of method of demonstration one image, described method comprises:
One display is provided, described display comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators of the structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to, described display further comprises one and observes the surface, described observation surface comprises plurality of regions, each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics, each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics, and wherein any is all identical greater than the described ratio of the second area of the area of described appointment with any of described display basically greater than the described ratio of the first area of the surface area of an appointment; And
Optionally activate selected interferometric modulator in described a plurality of interferometric modulator.
51, a kind of have a display at the edge of curved shape at least in part, described display comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators of the pixel structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to, described pixel forms a border, and wherein said border is corresponding to described edge.
52, display as claimed in claim 51, wherein at least one interferometric modulator has one or more straight substantially edges.
53, display as claimed in claim 51, wherein each interferometric modulator all has essentially identical area.
54, display as claimed in claim 51, wherein each interferometric modulator all has essentially identical shape.
55, display as claimed in claim 51, it comprises that further one observes the surface, described observation surface has plurality of regions, each zone all comprises an optical activity area and the nonactive area of an optics, each zone all has the ratio of certain described optical activity area to the nonactive area of described optics, and wherein any is all identical greater than the described ratio of the second area of the surface area of described appointment with any basically greater than the described ratio of the first area of the surface area of an appointment.
56, display as claimed in claim 51, it further comprises:
One with the processor of described a plurality of interferometric modulator electric connections, described processor is configured to image data processing; And
One with the memory storage of described processor electric connection.
57, display as claimed in claim 56, it further comprises:
One drive circuit, it is configured to send at least one signal to described a plurality of interferometric modulators.
58, display as claimed in claim 57, it further comprises:
One controller, it is configured at least a portion of described view data is sent to described driving circuit.
59, display as claimed in claim 56, it comprises that further one is configured to send to described processor the image source module of described view data.
60, display as claimed in claim 59, wherein said image source module comprise a receiver, transceiver, reach at least one in the transmitter.
61, display as claimed in claim 56, it further comprises an input media, described input media is configured to receive the input data and transmits described input data to described processor.
62, a kind of have a display at the edge of curved shape at least in part, described display comprises a plurality of members of the pixel structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to that are used for the interference mode light modulated, described pixel forms a border, and wherein said border is corresponding to described edge.
63, display as claimed in claim 62, wherein said a plurality of modulation members comprise a plurality of interferometric modulators.
64, a kind of method of formation one display device, described method comprises and forms a plurality of interferometric modulators of the pixel structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to, described pixel forms a border, and wherein said border is corresponding to the edge of curved shape at least in part of described display.
65, a kind of display device by forming as the described method of claim 64.
66, a kind of method of demonstration one image, described method comprises:
One display is provided, described display comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators of the pixel structure of curved shape at least in part that are arranged to, described pixel forms a border, and wherein said border is corresponding to the edge of curved shape at least in part of described display; And
Optionally activate selected interferometric modulator in described a plurality of interferometric modulator.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US61385304P | 2004-09-27 | 2004-09-27 | |
| US60/613,853 | 2004-09-27 | ||
| US11/134,837 | 2005-05-20 |
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|---|---|
| CN1755489A true CN1755489A (en) | 2006-04-05 |
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ID=36688844
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200510105049 Pending CN1755489A (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-09-26 | Reflective display pixels arranged in non-rectangular arrays |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110989319A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2020-04-10 | 苹果公司 | Electronic watch |
| US11200386B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2021-12-14 | Apple Inc. | Electronic card having an electronic interface |
| US11299421B2 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2022-04-12 | Apple Inc. | Electronic device enclosure with a glass member having an internal encoded marking |
| US11571766B2 (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2023-02-07 | Apple Inc. | Laser marking of an electronic device through a cover |
-
2005
- 2005-09-26 CN CN 200510105049 patent/CN1755489A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110989319A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2020-04-10 | 苹果公司 | Electronic watch |
| CN110989319B (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2021-10-08 | 苹果公司 | Electronic watch |
| US11200386B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2021-12-14 | Apple Inc. | Electronic card having an electronic interface |
| US11200385B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2021-12-14 | Apple Inc. | Electronic card having an electronic interface |
| US11571766B2 (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2023-02-07 | Apple Inc. | Laser marking of an electronic device through a cover |
| US11299421B2 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2022-04-12 | Apple Inc. | Electronic device enclosure with a glass member having an internal encoded marking |
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