Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a method for treating high-salinity oil extraction wastewater by suspended photoelectrocatalysis oxidation. The method applies the suspended state photoelectrocatalysis oxidation method to the treatment of high-salt oil extraction wastewater, fully and effectively volatilizes the efficiency of light and electricity cooperative catalytic oxidation, and has the characteristics of good COD degradation effect, suitability for deep removal of petroleum pollutants and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method for treating high-salinity oil extraction wastewater by suspended-state photoelectrocatalysis oxidation comprises the following steps and process conditions:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, naturally precipitating the oil extraction wastewater, and adjusting the initial pH value to 3.3-8.5 after removing precipitates;
secondly, adding a nano photocatalyst into the oil extraction wastewater according to the concentration of 0.5-2.5 g/L;
and thirdly, allowing the oil extraction wastewater to enter a fluidized bed, applying 2-30V of tank voltage on two sides of the fluidized bed, starting ultraviolet irradiation, introducing air with the flow velocity of 0.01-0.10 Mpa at the bottom of the fluidized bed to enable the nano photocatalyst to be in a suspended state in the oil extraction wastewater, and reacting for 1-4 hours.
In order to better implement the invention, the nano photocatalyst comprises TiO2、TiO2/SiO2Composite photocatalyst or ZnO/SnO2A composite photocatalyst; the TiO is2/SiO2The composite photocatalyst is TiO according to the mass ratio2∶SiO21-10: 1; the ZnO/SnO2The composite photocatalyst is ZnO and SnO in a mass ratio21-20: 1; the ultraviolet light irradiation dominant wavelength is 254 nm or 365 nm; adding H with the concentration of 2-300 mM into the oil extraction wastewater in the treatment2O2(ii) a When H is present2O2When the concentration is more than or equal to 150mM, the dominant wavelength of ultraviolet light irradiation is 254 nm, and when H is2O2When the concentration is less than 150mM, the dominant wavelength of ultraviolet irradiation is 365 nm; the pH value of the oil extraction wastewater is adjusted by adopting hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention firstly provides a technology which applies the suspension state photoelectrocatalysis oxidation method to the actual treatment of the oil extraction wastewater with high salt concentration and is high-efficient, practical and suitable for treating the oil extraction wastewater with high salt concentration. In the existing photocatalytic oxidation treatment of high-salt oil extraction wastewater, the photon quantum efficiency is very low because photo-generated electrons and holes are very easy to be compounded. Under the condition of applying a very high voltage exceeding the oxidation potential of pollutants, the adopted photoelectrocatalysis reaction not only can degrade organic pollutants through the oxidation of OH free radicals generated by a photocatalysis oxidation technology, but also can greatly reduce the recombination speed of photoproduction electrons and holes, thereby greatly improving the light quantum efficiency; meanwhile, the reaction also effectively utilizes the inhibitor chloride ions of the photocatalytic reaction which are abundantly existed in the high-salt oil extraction wastewater to generate active chlorine components (such as soluble chlorine gas and strong oxidants such as hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite which are generated later) through the electrochemical reaction under high voltage, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of the photoelectric catalytic reaction, further accelerating the oxidation of organic pollutants in water, effectively inhibiting the action of a quenching agent of the chloride ions in the suspended state photocatalytic reaction, and fully and effectively playing the efficiency of the light and electricity synergistic catalytic oxidation. The existing photoelectrocatalysis technology is to artificially add electrolyte chloride ions into an immobilized photoelectrocatalysis reactor to improve the photoelectrocatalysis degradation efficiency, and the invention utilizes the electrooxidation reaction of a large amount of existing chloride ions in photoelectricity suspended solution contained in the treated high-salt oil extraction wastewater to improve the photoelectrocatalysis degradation efficiency.
2. The invention integrates a plurality of wastewater treatment methods such as catalytic oxidation, adsorption and the like, so that the organic pollutants in the treated high-salt oil extraction wastewater can be subjected to the effects of adsorption, electrochemical oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation and the like at the same time, and the invention has the characteristics of good COD degradation effect, suitability for deep removal of petroleum pollutants and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be describedin further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example one
The first step, oil extraction wastewater is naturally precipitated, and hydrochloric acid is adopted to adjust the initial pH value to 3.3 after precipitates are removed;
secondly, adding nano-photocatalyst TiO into the oil extraction wastewater according to the concentration of 0.5g/L2;
Thirdly, the oil extraction wastewater enters a fluidized bed, 2V tank voltage is applied to two sides of the fluidized bed, ultraviolet irradiation is started, the main wavelength of the ultraviolet irradiation is 365 nanometers, and air with the flow velocity of 0.01MPa is introduced to the bottom of the fluidized bed, so that the nano photocatalyst TiO2Is in a suspended state in the oil extraction wastewater and can be obtained after reaction for 1 hour.
Example two
The first step, oil extraction wastewater is naturally precipitated, and after precipitates are removed, the initial pH value is adjusted to 8.5 by adopting sodium hydroxide;
secondly, adding nano-photocatalyst TiO into the oil extraction wastewater according to the concentration of 2.5g/L2/SiO2Composite photocatalyst (TiO)2/SiO2The composite photocatalyst is TiO according to the mass ratio2∶SiO21: 1) and adding H with the concentration of 300mM into the oil extraction wastewater2O2;
Thirdly, the oil extraction wastewater enters a fluidized bed, 30V tank voltage is applied to two sides of the fluidized bed, ultraviolet irradiation is started, the main wavelength of the ultraviolet irradiation is 254 nanometers, and air with the flow velocity of 0.10Mpa is introduced to the bottom of the fluidized bed, so that the nano photocatalyst TiO is prepared2/SiO2The composite photocatalyst is in a suspension state in the oil extraction wastewater and can be obtained after 4 hours of reaction.
EXAMPLE III
The first step of natural precipitation of the oil extraction wastewater, and adjusting the initial pH value to 5.5 by using sulfuric acid after removing precipitates;
in the second step, sodium is added into the oil extraction wastewater according to the concentration of 2.0g/LMitsubishi TiO photocatalyst2/SiO2Composite photocatalyst (TiO)2/SiO2The composite photocatalyst is TiO according to the mass ratio2∶SiO2Mixed 10: 1) and simultaneously adding 2mM H into the oil extraction wastewater2O2;
Thirdly, the oil extraction wastewater enters a fluidized bed, 15V tank voltage is applied to two sides of the fluidized bed, ultraviolet irradiation is started, the main wavelength of the ultraviolet irradiation is 365 nanometers, and the flow velocity is introduced to the bottom of the fluidized bed0.05Mpa of air to make the nano photocatalyst TiO2/SiO2The composite photocatalyst is in a suspension state in the oil extraction wastewater and can be obtained after 2 hours of reaction.
Example four
The first step of natural precipitation of the oil extraction wastewater, and after removing precipitates, adjusting the initial pH value to 6.5 by using sulfuric acid;
secondly, adding nano-photocatalyst TiO into the oil extraction wastewater according to the concentration of 1.5g/L2/SiO2Composite photocatalyst (TiO)2/SiO2The compositephotocatalyst is TiO according to the mass ratio2∶SiO2Mixed at a ratio of 5: 1) and adding H with the concentration of 150mM into the oil extraction wastewater2O2;
Thirdly, the oil extraction wastewater enters a fluidized bed, 20V tank voltage is applied to two sides of the fluidized bed, ultraviolet irradiation is started, the main wavelength of the ultraviolet irradiation is 254 nanometers, and air with the flow velocity of 0.08MPa is introduced to the bottom of the fluidized bed, so that the nano photocatalyst TiO2/SiO2The composite photocatalyst is in a suspension state in the oil extraction wastewater and can be obtained after reaction for 3 hours.
EXAMPLE five
The first step, oil extraction wastewater is naturally precipitated, and after precipitates are removed, the initial pH value is adjusted to 7.5 by adopting sodium hydroxide;
secondly, adding nano photocatalyst ZnO/SnO into the oil extraction wastewater according to the concentration of 1.0g/L2Composite photocatalyst (ZnO/SnO)2The composite photocatalyst is ZnO to SiO in the mass ratio220: 1) and adding H with the concentration of 50mM into the oil extraction wastewater2O2;
Thirdly, the oil extraction wastewater enters a fluidized bed, simultaneously, 10V tank voltage is applied to two sides of the fluidized bed, ultraviolet irradiation is started, the main wavelength of the ultraviolet irradiation is 365 nanometers, and air with the flow velocity of 0.02MPa is introduced to the bottom of the fluidized bed, so that the nano photocatalyst ZnO/SnO2The composite photocatalyst is in a suspension state in the oil extraction wastewater and can be obtained after reaction for 3 hours.
EXAMPLE six
The first step, oil extraction wastewater is naturally precipitated, and hydrochloric acid is adopted to adjust the initial pH value to 3.5 after precipitates are removed;
secondly, adding nano photocatalyst ZnO/SnO into the oil extraction wastewater according to the concentration of 0.8g/L2Composite photocatalyst (ZnO/SnO)2The composite photocatalyst is ZnO to SiO in the mass ratio2Mixing at a ratio of 10: 1And (c)) to form);
thirdly, the oil extraction wastewater enters a fluidized bed, a 6V tank voltage is applied to two sides of the fluidized bed, ultraviolet irradiation is started, the main wavelength of the ultraviolet irradiation is 365 nanometers, and air with the flow velocity of 0.06MPa is introduced to the bottom of the fluidized bed, so that the nano photocatalyst ZnO/SnO2The composite photocatalyst is in a suspension state in the oil extraction wastewater and can be obtained after 2 hours of reaction.
EXAMPLE seven
The first step of natural precipitation of the oil extraction wastewater, and adjusting the initial pH value to 4.5 by using sulfuric acid after removing precipitates;
secondly, adding nano photocatalyst ZnO/SnO into the oil extraction wastewater according to the concentration of 1.2g/L2Composite photocatalyst (ZnO/SnO)2The composite photocatalyst is ZnO to SiO in the mass ratio21: 1) and adding 25mM H into the oil extraction wastewater2O2;
Thirdly, the oil extraction wastewater enters a fluidized bed, at the same time, 18V tank voltage is applied to the two sides of the fluidized bed, ultraviolet irradiation is started, the main wavelength of the ultraviolet irradiation is 365 nanometers, and air with the flow velocity of 0.09Mpa is introduced to the bottomof the fluidized bed, so that the nano photocatalyst ZnO/SnO2The composite photocatalyst is in a suspension state in the oil extraction wastewater and can be obtained after 4 hours of reaction.
Example eight
The first step, oil extraction wastewater is naturally precipitated, and hydrochloric acid is adopted to adjust the initial pH value to 4.0 after precipitates are removed;
secondly, adding nano photocatalyst ZnO/SnO into the oil extraction wastewater according to the concentration of 1.8g/L2Composite photocatalyst (ZnO/SnO)2The composite photocatalyst is ZnO to SiO in the mass ratio215: 1) and adding 250mM H into the oil extraction wastewater2O2;
Thirdly, the oil extraction wastewater enters a fluidized bed, a 28V tank voltage is applied to two sides of the fluidized bed, ultraviolet irradiation is started, the main wavelength of the ultraviolet irradiation is 254 nanometers, and air with the flow velocity of 0.03MPa is introduced to the bottom of the fluidized bed, so that the nano photocatalyst ZnO/SnO2The composite photocatalyst is in a suspension state in the oil extraction wastewater and can be obtained after reaction for 3 hours.
Different treatment methods are adopted to compare the degradation effect of the oil extraction wastewater. The initial COD of the oil extraction wastewater sample is 645.0mg/L, the pH value is about 6.5, and the TiO content is2The amount of catalyst was 2g/L and the reaction time was 60 minutes. During single photocatalysis treatment, only a high-pressure mercury lamp is used without electrifying; when the catalyst is subjected to single electrocatalysis treatment,only 30V direct current is used without illumination; during the photoelectrocatalysis treatment, the voltage of 30V is added while the light is irradiated, and the air flow rate is 0.05 Mpa. As shown in FIG. 1, in which 1 is raw water, 2 is electrooxidation, 3 is photocatalysis, and 4 is photoelectrocatalysis, it can be seen from the experimental results that the treatment effect of electrocatalysis is the worst, the COD after 60 minutes of degradation is 558mg/L, the removal rate is only 13.5%, and the COD after photocatalytic degradation is 400mg/L, the removal rate is slightly better than that of electrocatalysis, 38.0%. The best effect of the photoelectrocatalysis treatment is that the COD is 339mg/L after 60 minutes of degradation (the removal rate of the COD is 47.4%). Therefore, the photoelectricity is cooperated with the catalytic oxidation technology to have a certain synergistic effect. This is because the application of voltage during the photocatalytic reaction can more effectively reduce the recombination probability of photo-generated electrons and holes, thereby improving the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
Meanwhile, active chlorine generated in the photoelectrocatalysis process plays a great role in accelerating the degradation of organic matters. Because the following main reactions (1) to (4) (R is various organic radicals) also exist in the brine medium electrocatalysis, the reaction can generate a certain amount of active chlorine, and the indirect electrochemical chlorine disinfection is carried out on the high-salinity wastewater, so that the degradation efficiency of the photoelectrocatalysis system is greatly improved. As shown in fig. 2, the generation of active chlorine was compared under different treatment conditions, and all samples generated active chlorine during photoelectrocatalysis or electrocatalysis, and the amount of active chlorine generated was very small in the first 45 minutes, and gradually increased sharply with the increase of time, and after reaching a certain time, the amount of generated active chlorine tended to be stable (this was because the active chlorine generated and continuously performed synchronous consumption reaction with organic matter present in the wastewater). But different samples or different treatment methods produce different amounts and growth patterns of active chlorine. Compared with electrocatalysis, the electrocatalysis activity of raw water generated by photoelectrocatalysis is better in a period of time at the beginning, but the amount of active chlorine generated by photoelectrocatalysis later exceeds the amount of electrocatalysis, the amount generated finally is not much different and is respectively 6.30mg/L and 6.15mg/L, the amount of active chlorine generated by photoelectrocatalysis and distilled water solution with the same NaCl concentration as the raw water is very small and is 0.96mg/L at 120min, the active chlorine generated by photoelectrocatalysis and electrocatalysis high-salt oil recovery wastewater is far lower than that generated by photoelectrocatalysis and electrocatalysis high-salt oil recovery wastewater, and the amount generated by photoelectrocatalysis even after 75 minutes of reaction is lower than that generated by photoelectrocatalysis 1/2 raw water. The method shows that in an actual high-salt oil extraction wastewater photoelectrocatalysis system, the high-salt condition not only does not inhibit the degradation effect of photoelectrocatalysis, but also greatly improves the reaction rate of photoelectrocatalysis degradation of organic pollutants.
As shown in FIG. 3, 10mM of H was added2O2And without addition of H2O2Photo-electro-catalytic oxidation of oil recovery wastesThe influence of water. From FIG. 3a (where 1 is raw water, 2 is photoelectrocatalysis, and 3 is photoelectrocatalysis/H2O2) As can be seen, photoelectrocatalysis/H2O2The efficiency of degrading organic matters is far higher than that of photoelectrocatalysis, the COD of the organic matters after 60 minutes of degradation is 339mg/L and 72mg/L respectively (the COD removal rates are 47.4 percent and 88.8 percent respectively), and the average rates are 5.1mg/L&min and 9.55mg/L&min respectively. To add H2O2And without addition of H2O2As shown in FIG. 3b, the COD concentrations of both reaction systems are rapidly reduced with the continuous extension of the reaction time, because the longer the reaction time is, the more photo-generated electrons are captured. But at the same time it can be found that the photocatalytic oxidation is carried out in the presence of H2O2Greater degradation rate in the presence of H2O2Can oxidize and mineralize a plurality of organic matters in a short time, and the COD removal rate in 15 minutes of reaction is 61.7 percent, which is almost different from the degradation effect in 240 minutes of photoelectrocatalysis reaction (the COD removal rate is 63.9 percent). photoelectrocatalysis/H2O2The COD after 120 minutes of degradation is only 45mg/L (the COD removal rate is 93.0 percent), the average speed of degrading organic pollutants is 5.0 mg/L.min, which is 1.6 times greater than the average speed of only photoelectrocatalysis oxidizing organic matters (the COD is 278mg/L), therefore, a proper amount of H is added into the high-salt oil extraction wastewater2O2Is favorable for further improving the rate of degrading organic pollutants by photoelectrocatalysis.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized.