Background technology
Texturing has changed the contact condition of roll and thin plate, can reduce roll-force in thin plate rolling, improve mill speed, reduce scuffing, Bian Lang etc.; Texturing has simultaneously changed the gap between thin plate and thin plate, can prevent the adhesion phenomenon of thin plate in annealing furnace and the slippage of lifting roll bending; Texturing has also changed the pattern of thin plate, can improve the deep drawing quality of next step operation, the property sheared, coating.Along with the urgency of steel market thin plate (galvanized sheet, Coil Coating Products) demand increases, the user is to thin plate diversification, high-quality demand; The competition of the needs of enterprise reduction cost of investment itself, operating cost and market, price, quality, the selection texturing equipment of science and technology seem very important.
By the time that produces, develops, roller surface texturing equipment and technology can roughly be divided into three generations, the first generation: shot-peening texturing equipment and technology, occupy an leading position in 20th century 60, the seventies; The second generation: electric spark texturing equipment and technology progressively obtain leading position in 20th century 80, the nineties; The third generation: laser roughening equipment and technology are just to be born in nearly ten years, have caused showing great attention to of metallurgical and relevant industry with its outstanding advantage.
First CO in the world
2The laser roughening demonstration apparatus is the development in 1984 of Belgian Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques, tried out successfully in automobile factory in 1985, because it obviously is different from electric spark texturing equipment and technology, can arrange in order the texturing surface topography, on a large scale adjust roughness value and density value, good reproducibility, self-enrichment is good, deep drawability is good, so Japan, France, Britain, Germany, some large enterprises of the U.S. begin to introduce, exploitation, use CO
2Laser roughening equipment and technology.But because the restriction of Stimulated Light device quality and optical element performance has brought very big difficulty for Machine Tool design and application.As in order to guarantee the stable of laser facula, German WALDRICH SECGEN company is at " LASER TEX " type CO of early 1990s development
2Laser roughening equipment is characterized in that roll supports do rotation and translation with bearing shell, and laser instrument, outer optic path system and texturing device maintain static, and be constant to guarantee outer light path and beam quality.Ohio, USA continent cold-rolled steel sheet company has produced CO in 1996
2Laser haired machine tool is characterized in that roll is to support only to rotate with the bearing shell, and laser instrument, outer optic path system do parallel moving with the texturing device, and be constant to guarantee outer light path and beam quality.
1, above-mentioned CO
2Laser haired machine tool all is to adopt grinding machine version, and is bulky, and external roll bearing shell automatic station-keeping system complexity, price is very expensive, need of import are 2 times of single head electric spark texturing equipment more than 3,000,000 dollars, have brought certain degree of difficulty to popularization.
2, the roll support lathe bed of grinding machine version and texturing device supporting bed status are from (generally using screw attachment), even adopt costly elastic foundation, because two big lathe bed intrinsic frequencies, excited frequency are different, be difficult to control the stable of a rolling face and a texturing relative position, this is one of key factor that influences the texturing quality.
3, adopt grinding machine version to utilize bearing shell static pressure mode to support axle journal, can guarantee this roll and preceding road grinding process location unifying datum theoretically, but in use roll belongs to and need repair the part of use repeatedly, its dimensional tolerance, form and position tolerance that supports axle journal all can change, can not form the hydrostatic bearing supporting, its rotating speed (is that working (machining) efficiency is subjected to great restriction generally≤80rpm); In a single day and becoming dynamic pressure support, roll rotational speed is that texturing efficient will be subjected to great restriction.
4, the compound motion that adds roll do rotation in man-hour and linear reciprocating motion, light path and texturing device are motionless, not only can increase considerably length, the weight of lathe, and roll and support member thereof are under heavy duty (about 15t), low speed (about 30mm/min), " creeping " very easily appears in hydraulic running, thereby influences the texturing quality.Only rotate as roll, laser instrument does reciprocating linear motion with outer light path (containing the texturing device), can guarantee that outer light path light path is constant, but the lathe volume is still huge.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of roller laser haired machine tool, and roll bearing telecontrol equipment and texturing device two big parts are supported by same lathe bed, solves the stability of its relative position, the quality of assurance texturing, and reduces the cost of lathe.
Roller laser haired machine tool of the present invention comprises lathe bed, headstock, tailstock, roll bearing telecontrol equipment, texturing device and control system, it is characterized in that:
(1) headstock, tailstock, slide plate, roll bearing telecontrol equipment, texturing device, feed box all are positioned on the same lathe bed; The lathe bed front portion is axially arranged with the slide plate longitudinal rail, and the lathe bed rear portion is axially arranged with the tailstock moving guide rail;
(2) headstock is fixedly mounted on the lathe bed, in be provided with the headstock spindle that drives by main transmission, chuck and top is housed on the headstock spindle;
(3) tailstock is located on the tailstock moving guide rail, and tailstock is driven by rack and pinion drive, and sleeve, tailstock main shaft are equipped with in tailstock inside; The tailstock main shaft is installed in the sleeve by bearing, and the tailstock front-end of spindle is top;
Top formation roll bearing telecontrol equipment on chuck on the described headstock spindle, the top and tailstock;
(4) slide plate is made up of longitudinal slide and dress cross slide two parts thereon, and longitudinal slide is driven by vertical ball-screw, and horizontal ball-screw is housed between cross slide and the longitudinal slide, and the texturing device is installed on the cross slide end face;
(5) feed box is fixedly mounted on the lathe bed tail end, and inside is provided with the clearance-dispelling gear transmission mechanism that is connected with vertical ball-screw.
Described roller laser haired machine tool, it is characterized in that: described main transmission drives headstock spindle by alternating-current variable frequency motor by the secondary synchronous cog belt, perhaps drives headstock spindle by alternating-current variable frequency motor by one-level gearbox and one-level synchronous cog belt; Feed system is for separating transmission, longitudinal slide is moved along bed slide longitudinal rail realization length feed by the clearance elimination gear and the drive of vertical ball screw assembly, of feed box by vertical AC servo motor, and cross slide is driven along cross slide way realization in-movement on the longitudinal slide by clearance elimination gear and horizontal ball-screw by the lateral communication servomotor that is contained on the longitudinal slide.
Described roller laser haired machine tool, it is further characterized in that: the contact-making surface of described tailstock, longitudinal slide, cross slide and corresponding tailstock moving guide rail, slide plate longitudinal rail, cross slide way all adopts the laminating technology of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); 4 groups of disk springs are equipped with at described tailstock main shaft rear, and pressure sensor is equipped with at the disk spring position.
Described roller laser haired machine tool, it further is characterised in that: the tailstock main shaft bearing adopts high accuracy can adjust the Biserial cylindrical roller bearing of radial clearance, be installed in the sleeve, tailstock front-end of spindle top is provided with slotting key, be used for the tailstock main shaft is separated or is connected with sleeve, when slotting key is extracted, top for rotating; When inserting the key insertion, be stationary center.
Lathe bed of the present invention adopts the lathe structure form, roll support and texturing device are installed on the same lathe bed, its intrinsic frequency is consistent, even there are slight vibrations also can guarantee the stable of a rolling face and texturing relative position, from Theory of Vibration solved its relative position stability, guaranteed the quality of texturing, and reduced the cost of investment of lathe and lathe.
For guaranteeing the stability of texturing device, the longitudinal slide that adopts 3 guide supporting texturing device laterals to move on lathe bed has been cancelled hydraulic drive in transmission, adopted high precision ball lead screw pair, clearance elimination gear and imposed pretightning force.
Main transmission is adopted and is directly driven roll by the frequency conversion servomotor by 2 grades of noise elimination synchronous belts, has fundamentally eliminated the exciting source that gear engagement impact brings.
Roll is with its centre bore location, two ends (with Roller Design location unifying datum), and rolling center supports, and top and roll rotates synchronously, and top do not have relative motion with the roll centre bore, and it changes scooter 250rpm, has significantly improved working (machining) efficiency; Roll only rotates, and the flight light path structure that the texturing device does reciprocating linear motion, laser instrument is motionless is simple in structure, practical.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Machine tool main body of the present invention comprises parts such as lathe bed, headstock, tailstock, feed box, texturing device, control system; Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, among the figure, headstock is top 1, chuck 2, roll 3, tailstock centre 4; The laser that laser instrument 10 sends enters the texturing device by speculum 9, and the texturing device partly comprises gage outfit 5, focus head 6, chopper disk 7, texturing device box 8.
Fig. 3 is a tailstock centre part-structure schematic diagram; Tailstock main shaft bearing 12 adopts high accuracy can adjust the Biserial cylindrical roller bearing of radial clearance, be installed in the sleeve, the tailstock centre 4 of tailstock front-end of spindle is provided with inserts key 13, is used for the tailstock main shaft is separated or is connected with sleeve, when slotting key 13 is extracted, top for rotating; When inserting key 13 insertions, be stationary center.4 groups of disk springs 15 are equipped with at described tailstock main shaft rear, and pressure sensor 14 is equipped with at the disk spring position, and its pressure is shown by pressure display unit 16.
Fig. 4 is roll and texturing setting position schematic diagram among the present invention; The supporting movement device of roll 3, feed box, texturing device box 8 all are loaded on the lathe bed 11 of laser haired machine tool.
Fig. 5 is texturing device schematic diagram among the present invention, gage outfit 5, focus head 6 and chopper disk 7 are housed on the texturing device box 8, chopper disk 7 can be the high-aluminium alloy special shape gear, is directly installed on (1200r/min) on the high-speed electric expreess locomotive main shaft by dynamic balancing detection and facing-up, does stepless speed regulation by frequency converter.
Fig. 6 is the A-A profile of Fig. 5, and the focal axis of texturing device dress focus head 6 is driven by ball screw assembly, 18, fork 17 by AC servo motor and does accurate reciprocating motion; The detection axle of dress gage outfit 5 is also driven by another set of ball screw assembly,, fork by AC servo motor and does accurate reciprocating motion.Stopping means near switch all is housed at described focal axis, the two ends of detecting axle, realizes the cross spacing protection of described two axles.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, the main drive gear of lathe is to be driven by alternating-current variable frequency motor, the secondary synchronous cog belt of, acoustic attenuation performance grease proofing by having is passed main shaft with rotating speed and torque axis, makes main shaft (roll) obtain the range of speeds of 11-200r/min.Feed system is for separating transmission, vertical, horizontal is by independent AC servo machinery driving half-closed loop control, slow down and precise ball screw pair through mechanical clearance elimination gear, drive longitudinal and transverse slide plate vertically or in-movement of longitudinal slide guide rail and fast moving along bed ways.
1. lathe bed
Lathe bed is the foundation of lathe.Establish an assistant spring rolling guide in the front of lathe bed, longitudinal slide is played the effect of supplemental support, strengthen the stability that being installed in texturing device motion on the slide plate by the rolling guide piece.
The lathe bed left end is provided with an oil sump, for headstock provides lubricating oil.Be provided with four guide rails above the lathe bed, the assistant spring rolling guide that two of fronts add the upper bed front is the slide plate longitudinal rail, vertically moves usefulness for slide plate; Next two is the tailstock moving guide rail, vertically moves usefulness for tailstock.Be not subjected to the restriction of tailstock position when therefore, slide plate vertically moves.The guide pass of moving-member all is equipped with the composite guide-way plate of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the advantage that reduces coefficient of friction, keeps precision is not only arranged, and can also play the effect of absorbing.
Longitudinal slide is driven by vertical ball-screw, and the supporting construction and the installation site of ball-screw is reasonable, rigidity is high, drive characteristic good.Tailstock is driven by rack and pinion drive.
The wire pulling device of tank chain type is equipped with in the lathe bed front.Electric wiring, hydraulic pressure, water-cooled and pneumatic pipeline link by the relevant apparatus on wire pulling device and the slide plate, and safety is attractive in appearance.Be provided with some plug housings that supply the tailstock power supply to use in the back of lathe bed.
2. headstock
Headstock is the casing of a sealing.In the casing all power transmission shafts be installed on the rolling bearing, its main shaft is contained on the high-precision double row centripetal cylindrical roller bearing of adjusting radial clearance, adopts whole shaft-penetrating type structure, so main axis rotation is steady, precision is high, and enough rigidity is arranged.Be provided with the unify lubricating arrangement of spindle unit of main transmission in the headstock.Lubrication motor is transported to each oil site with lubricating oil from the lathe bed oil sump by gear pump.System is provided with pressure protective device and is operated in reliable lubricating status to guarantee spindle unit, and is provided with oil to show on casing and the ventilative sebific duct of part, makes the operator can directly observe lubricating status.
3. tailstock
Tailstock is made up of upper body and lower body two parts.The upper body is holistic ironcasting, and the dynamometry display instrument of sleeve, main shaft, the manual travel mechanism of sleeve, a group of disk spring, pressure sensor and top installing is equipped with in inside, the line horizontal direction in the tailstock main shaft moves forward and backward guiding mechanism.The tailstock lower body also is a whole ironcasting, is provided with vertical fast moving mechanism and manual travel mechanism, tailstock fixedly clamping body, stopping mechanism and grease pump etc.
The tailstock main shaft bearing adopts high accuracy can adjust the Biserial cylindrical roller bearing of radial clearance, is installed in the sleeve.Front-end of spindle top by inserting key can be with main shaft and sleeve separately or be connected.When slotting key is extracted, top for rotating; When slotting key inserts, be stationary center.One group of disk spring that rear-end of spindle is installed is to protect associated mechanisms in order to absorb processed roll because of the elongation of thermal expansion.Pressure sensor that install at the disk spring position and pressure display instrument are to control pre-jacking force and play the effect of security alarm for the ease of the operator.
The same motor-driven of the fixing employing of tailstock fast moving and mechanical auto lock can realize the vertical fast moving and the auto lock of tailstock respectively by the handle conversion, and be provided with reliable lubricating arrangement.
4. feed box
Feed box is the part in the length feed motion transmission chain, and inside is provided with clearance-dispelling gear transmission mechanism.Vertically the clearance elimination gear reduction of speed of AC servo motor by feed box reaches vertical ball-screw with power and is provided with the pre-tightening apparatus of ball-screw.The feeding casing is the cast iron casing of a sealing, and whole parts are fixedly mounted on lathe bed bottom righthand side place, and are closed with protective cover.
5. slide plate
The lathe slide plate is made up of longitudinal slide, cross slide two parts.
Longitudinal slide is realized the length feed motion by AC servo motor by feed box and ball screw assembly.The motion of cross slide is to be realized by clearance elimination gear and horizontal ball-screw by the AC servo motor that is contained on the longitudinal slide.Be provided with the supplemental support guide rail scroll box and the automatic lubricating system at regular time and quantity of guide rail and traverse feed transmission system in length and breadth below the longitudinal slide, the light path support of introducing laser arranged in the arranged outside of longitudinal slide.
The cross slide end face is provided with the plane of 520mm * 520mm, so that the texturing device is installed.
For preventing that limited slip plate and top texturing device and chuck bump, limit switch is housed on longitudinal slide, realize the longitudinal spacing protection jointly with the collision block that is provided with on the lathe bed.Between cross slide and longitudinal slide, be provided with the travel switch stopping means, realize the cross spacing protection (above-mentioned protection has been considered software protection simultaneously in programming) of this lathe.
6. texturing device
The texturing device is a closed box, is fixedly mounted on the cross slide top, and the casing intermediate solid drive shaft all is installed on the bearing.
The laser beam that is come out by laser instrument is focused on by condenser lens after the speculum refraction enters the texturing device, and by chopper disk continuous laser is become and to satisfy the arts demand pulsed light beam.
Be connected U.S. PRC Corporation laser instrument that employing designs for industrial environment specially with the texturing device, comprise laserresonator, high voltage source, control system, turbofan, heat exchanger, frequency converter, mix parts such as gas unit, optical gate, vacuum pump pressure control valve, cooling system, its important technological parameters sees Table 1.
The important technological parameters of table 1 laser instrument
Optical maser wavelength (μ) | 10.6 | Peak power output (W) | 2800 |
Laser power scope (W) | 100-2500 | Long-time power stability | ±2% |
Spot diameter (output window place) (mm) | 16 | Beam emissions angle (full-shape) (mrad) | ≤2.0 |
Pattern | TEM00/01 | Beam quality (M
2)
| <2.2 |
The laser polarization state | Linear polarization or circular polarization | Working method | Pulse continuously,, super pulse |
Pulse frequency (Hz) | 20-2500 | Minimum pulse width (μ s) | 150 |
Peak power (W) | 5000 | Preheating time (min) | 6 |
Input current | 3×380V+E±10 %,50/60Hz | Electric power consumption (KVA) | 30 |
Working gas consumes (1/h) | 20-50 | Long * wide * high (cm) | 245×90 ×158 |
The detection axle of texturing device dress gage outfit, the focal axis of dress condenser lens are driven by ball screw assembly,, fork by AC servo motor respectively and do accurate reciprocating motion.Stopping means near switch all is housed at the two ends of described two axles, realizes the cross spacing protection of described two axles.
Its chopper disk (high-aluminium alloy special shape gear) is directly installed on (1200r/min) on the high-speed electric expreess locomotive main shaft by dynamic balancing detection and facing-up, does stepless speed regulation by frequency converter.
On the right-hand of texturing device the survey blowing apparatus is installed, so that the side-blown gas of setting pressure, flow is provided during texturing process.
Industrial camera is installed above the texturing device, and is connected with display screen on the operating console by video line.
7. control system
Machine tool numerical control system is a SINVMERIK 840D system, system and electric being installed in the airtight electric cabinet.Be handled easily, operating console is arranged on the lathe front and back end, and the screen display of real-time monitoring system is housed on the console, can observe directly the present situation in texturing process zone.The part control function of control function that lathe is all and laser instrument, handpiece Water Chilling Units all is arranged on the guidance panel.In addition, be provided with spindle drive in the headstock front, stop, crawl and scram button.
Economic and Efficiency Analysis of the present invention:
(1) saves roll changing time
Because the anti-wear performance of planisher working roll improves after the texturing, the single of the planisher working roll cycle that uses on the machine increases, by 400 tons of the average roll change of planisher cycles/to (barren turn to 200 tons/to), in February, 2003 to 2005, year 2 monthly outputs were 398000 tons, few roll change 995 times, whenever change a roll and need 0.5 hour, then saved roll changing time altogether 497.5 hours, 100 tons of/hour calculating of output during by average machine, can increase by 49750 tons of output, calculate cost-saved 1492.5 ten thousand yuan by 300 yuan of/ton materials of 25 months in the past ton material constant expenses; Calculate 28357.5 ten thousand yuan of new output values by 5700 yuan/ton of the average market prices (the existing market average price is 7500 yuan/ton); By 400 yuan of/ton calculating of steel average profit per ton, can create 1,990 ten thousand yuan of profits.
(2) save roll consumption
The planisher working roll doubles service life, makes the roll consumption of planisher descend 50%, and the overall consumption level of roll has descended: 12kg/.T calculates with 33000 yuan/t of Cr3 forged steel working roll valency by existing market is cold rolling, and the roll consumption saving amount of money is 157.608 ten thousand yuan since the smooth working roll of use texturing.
In addition, 12 at random roller increase to use diameter 22mm/ to prop up, be equivalent to save (22/52) * 12=5.077 and prop up new roller, 14 not enough roll increases of quench-hardened case are used diameter 8mm/ to prop up saving (8/52) * 12=2.154 and are propped up new roller, save 7.231 on new roller altogether, new roller weight is 4.642 tons/, and then saving the amount of money is 110.77 ten thousand yuan.