CN1741434A - Method and apparatus for monitoring wave divided multiplexing system to increase and reduce channel - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for monitoring wave divided multiplexing system to increase and reduce channel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for monitoring channel increase and derease in WDM system applies technical means of monitoring different wavelength to analyze increase and derease of inputted light channel and inputted light power variation caused by line total attenuation . The device for realizing the method is also disclosed , the said method and device can be applied on DWDM transmitting system . OADM transmitting system and EDFA equipment .
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the monitoring method and the device of channel increase and decrease in the wave division multiplexing transmission system, method and apparatus of the present invention is applied to have dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM) transmission system and Optical Add Drop Multiplexer (OADM) transmission system and erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) equipment of light amplification.
Background technology
The signal of optical wavelength-division multiplex equipment and Optical Add Drop Multiplexer transmission equipment is by Optical Fiber Transmission, and for the consideration that improves transmission range, reduction system cost, EDFA has played important role as a vitals in the system.But, because EDFA has the advantages that significant gain changes with input optical power, so automatic gain control (AGC) performance good in EDFA just becomes one of its indispensable function, this AGC performance is seriously restricting the further raising of device and whole transmission system transmission quality.
Yet for wavelength-division system, it is not unique target that institute wishes realization most that EDFA keeps constant gain.When the quantity of system transmissions channel changes, require EDFA can have good mapping on the one hand, its gain is remained unchanged; On the other hand, when system the attenuation change of optical link occurs along with the variation of the aging or line conditions of optical fiber, be the transmission performance of systems stabilisation, require the gain of EDFA can follow the variation of line hepatitis consumption and produce the corresponding compensation gain again.But the variation of system channel quantity or the variation of line hepatitis consumption all are reflected as the variation of luminous power at the input of EDFA, and this makes EDFA to judge should to keep that gain still should compensating gain.
Conventional wavelength-division multiplex system channel monitoring method is the luminous power of each optical channel of monitoring, though this conventional method technology is simple, effect is directly perceived, but when being used for the dense wavelength division system, since in the system to transmit optical channel too many, cause monitoring making cost too high, the data of in addition handling all passages are consuming time oversize, response speed is slower, so this method does not have practice substantially in the dense wavelength division system.The method of another kind of prior art is to be transmitted in the information that the dense wavelength division multiplexing system receiving terminal monitors by Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) to the dense wavelength division multiplexing system transmitting terminal to carry out system's control, the method because involve that system's far-end, intermediate link are many, complex structure and response speed be slow, thereby be difficult in system, implement.The monitoring method of the third prior art is that the attenuation of utilizing the variation relation of the optical power change of OSC channel and main optical path luminous power to detect this section optical link changes, but the method can't the perception main optical path the variation of optical channel number, the method is vulnerable to the influence of OSC channel transmitting optical power simultaneously, causes the monitoring erroneous judgement.The 4th kind of monitoring method is to utilize the OSC channel to analyze this section optical link attenuation change to the main optical path transmitting optical power that the dense wave division multiplexing transmission system receiving terminal transmits transmitting terminal, and this way can't be finished the compensation that comprehensive input optical power is descended too.Therefore, need a kind of method that can distinguish the luminous power change that optical transmission line is decayed or the increase and decrease of main optical path channel causes.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of variable power of monitoring dense wavelength division multiplexing system image intensifer input signal, differentiate and monitor the reason of its variable power and the monitoring method and the device of big or small wavelength-division multiplex system increase and decrease channel.
At first explain know-why of the present invention.The device of monitoring dense wavelength division multiplexing system channel increase and decrease of the present invention is two to four the tunnel with the input optical power beam split of system equipment, wherein one tunnel variation of directly monitoring its luminous power, other one to three the tunnel by carrying out the monitoring of luminous power again behind the optical filter/attenuator with different wave length dependent loss, then each road optical power monitoring signal is carried out opto-electronic conversion, after the signal of telecommunication amplification that obtains, carry out sending microcontroller/digital signal processor to carry out judgment processing after analog/digital (A/D) conversion, to analyze that the input signals optical channel has taken place to change or Line Attenuation changes and then caused the variation of input optical power.Because each channel adopts wavelength optical signals in the dense wavelength division multiplexing system, like this when changing owing to channel increase and decrease causing total optical power, optical signal power in the different wavelength range changes different, do not relate to that optical signal power does not change in the wave-length coverage that increases and decreases channel, and relate to the obviously change of optical signal power of the wave-length coverage that increase and decrease signal.And when the total optical power that the optical transmission line decay causes changes, the change basically identical of the optical signal power in each wave-length coverage.The variation that can judge the total optical signal power of system thus is to be caused or caused by the optical transmission line decay by the channel increase and decrease, thereby can carry out further power control and adjusting.
A kind of channel increase and decrease monitoring device that is used for dense wavelength division multiplexing system, this device comprises: a plurality of optical couplers, input optical signal is become several light detection channel signal along separate routes, wherein one road light detection channel signal directly sends optical-electrical converter to, and all the other each road light detection channel signals are transferred to optical-electrical converter by a plurality of wavelength relative photo filter/attenuators respectively; A plurality of wavelength relative photo filter/attenuators, its each one road light detection channel signal is carried out the decay of different spectral characteristics; A plurality of optical-electrical converters are used for each road light detection channel signal is carried out opto-electronic conversion respectively, and light signal is changed into the signal of telecommunication and sends a plurality of amplifiers to; A plurality of amplifiers, its each will amplify from the signal of telecommunication of one of a plurality of optical-electrical converters, send a plurality of analog/digital converters then to; A plurality of analog/digital converters will carry out analog/digital conversion from the signal of telecommunication of one of a plurality of amplifiers, produce the digital signal of each road monitoring channel signal light power numerical value of expression and send this digital signal to microcontroller/digital signal processor; Microcontroller/digital signal processor carries out analysis and judgement to the data of the representative Ge Lu monitoring channel signal light power numerical value gathered, determines that by each road monitoring channel optical power change rate is whether consistent it is to be caused or caused by the increase and decrease of transmission optical channel number by the optical transmission line decay that luminous power changes.
A kind of channel increase and decrease monitoring method that is used for dense wavelength division multiplexing system, this method comprises: input optical signal is become several light detection channel signal along separate routes, wherein one the tunnel directly carries out opto-electronic conversion, all the other each road light detection channel signals carry out opto-electronic conversion after the wavelength correlation filtering/decay by different spectral characteristics respectively, changing the signal of telecommunication into by light signal also amplifies respectively, then each road signal of telecommunication is carried out analog/digital conversion, produce the digital signal of each road monitoring channel signal light power numerical value of expression, and will carry out analysis and judgement according to the data of each road monitoring channel signal light power numerical value of this digital signal representation, determine that by each road monitoring channel optical power change rate is whether consistent it is to be caused or caused by the increase and decrease of transmission optical channel number by the optical transmission line decay that luminous power changes.
That dense wavelength division multiplexing system of the present invention increase and decrease channel monitoring device has is simple in structure, volume is small and exquisite, need not characteristics such as intermediate conveyor link and response speed be fast, this device utilizes the way of the signal light power of process attenuation in the monitoring different wavelength range, and the optical channel increase and decrease of differentiating comprehensive input changes with the input optical power that the total attenuation of circuit causes.It can be installed among the EDFA module, also can be installed on the light amplification dish of wavelength-division system, and then distinguish the reason of changes of image intensifer input light decay consumption, carry out suitable system or image intensifer parameter adjustment again, thus the stable transfer of the system of realization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of wavelength-division multiplex system increase and decrease channel monitoring device first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of wavelength-division multiplex system increase and decrease channel monitoring device second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of wavelength-division multiplex system increase and decrease channel monitoring device the 3rd embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of wavelength-division multiplex system increase and decrease channel monitoring device the 4th embodiment of the present invention;
The different spectral characteristics of employed five kinds of wavelength correlation filter/attenuators in Fig. 5,6,7,8,9 expression the foregoing descriptions;
Figure 10 shows that each step of the performed analysis and judgement method of microcontroller/digital signal processor in the wavelength-division multiplex system increase and decrease channel monitoring device of the present invention.
Embodiment
Explain technical scheme of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with each embodiment shown in the drawings.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 to 4, the represented structure of each Reference numeral is as follows: 1 expression optical coupler, 2 expression wavelength correlation filter/attenuators, 3 expression optical-electrical converters, 4 expression amplifying circuits, 5 expression analog-to-digital converters, 6 expression microcontroller/digital signal processors, 7 expression input optical signals.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of wavelength-division multiplex system increase and decrease channel monitoring device first embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, the sub-fraction light signal 7 that extracts in the input optical signal is used for the optical channel monitoring, this input optical signal 7 is four the tunnel by three optical couplers 1 along separate routes, wherein one the tunnel directly send into optical-electrical converter 3 and carry out light-to-current inversion, other three the tunnel carry out light-to-current inversion by sending into optical-electrical converter 3 again behind three wavelength relative photo filter/attenuators 2 with different wave length correlation properties respectively, four the tunnel pass through four amplifying circuits 4 respectively through the signal of telecommunication that opto-electronic conversion obtained amplifies, four tunnel amplified signal are converted to digital signal by four analog-to-digital converters 5 respectively, and four way word signals are all given microcontroller/digital signal processor 6 and carried out the analysis and judgement processing.
In the deterministic process, if the power of input optical signal 7 changes when being caused by the optical link attenuation, the monitor signal of above-mentioned four road light detection passages can produce the variation of same ratio; And when the power change of input optical signal 7 is caused by optical passage signal increase and decrease channel, because different channels has its certain wavelengths separately, by after the filtering of three different wavelength correlation filter/attenuators 2, difference will appear in the optical power change that each road monitoring channel shows like this.Like this when microcontroller, digital signal processor 6 are found the change rate signal unanimity of each monitoring channel, then being judged as the input optical signal variation is caused by the optical link attenuation, and will be not the monitor value of monitoring channel by wavelength correlation filter/attenuator 2 send, with the variation size of pilot light circuit attenuation, be convenient to further take automatic gain control (AGC) control measure; When the change rate signal of each road monitoring channel is inconsistent, then be judged as wave division multiplexing transmission system and the increase and decrease of channel occurred, the monitor value that each road monitoring channel is comprised not the monitoring channel by wavelength correlation filter/attenuator 2 is all exported, so that further EDFA is taked automated power control (APC) or automatic gain adjustment (AGA) measure.
In requiring the less demanding environment for use of low cost and monitoring accuracy, monitoring channel can be reduced to three road shown in Fig. 2,2 or two-way shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of wavelength-division multiplex system increase and decrease channel monitoring device second embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 2, the sub-fraction light signal 7 that extracts in the input optical signal is used for the optical channel monitoring, this input optical signal 7 is two the tunnel by an optical coupler 1 earlier along separate routes, wherein one the tunnel directly send into optical-electrical converter 3 and carry out light-to-current inversion, leading up to another optical coupler 1 in addition is divided into two-way, carry out light-to-current inversion by sending into optical-electrical converter 3 again behind two wavelength relative photo filter/attenuators 2 with different wave length correlation properties respectively, three the tunnel pass through three amplifying circuits 4 respectively through the signal of telecommunication that opto-electronic conversion obtained amplifies, amplified signal is converted to digital signal by three analog-to-digital converters 5 respectively, send microcontroller/digital signal processor 6 to carry out analysis and judgement again and handles.
In the deterministic process, if the power of input optical signal 7 changes when being caused by the optical link attenuation, the monitor signal of above-mentioned four road light detection passages can produce the variation of same ratio; And when the power change of input optical signal 7 is caused by optical passage signal increase and decrease channel, because different channels has its certain wavelengths separately, after the filtering by different wavelength correlation filter/attenuators 2, difference will appear in the optical power change that each road monitoring channel shows like this.Like this when microcontroller, digital signal processor 6 are found the change rate signal unanimity of each monitoring channel, then being judged as the input optical signal variation is caused by the optical link attenuation, and will be not the monitor value of monitoring channel by wavelength correlation filter/attenuator 2 send, with the variation size of pilot light circuit attenuation, be convenient to further take automatic gain control (AGC) control measure; When the change rate signal of each road monitoring channel is inconsistent, then be judged as wave division multiplexing transmission system and the increase and decrease of channel occurred, the monitor value that each road monitoring channel is comprised not the monitoring channel by wavelength correlation filter/attenuator 2 is all exported, so that further EDFA is taked automated power control (APC) or automatic gain adjustment (AGA) measure.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of wavelength-division multiplex system increase and decrease channel monitoring device the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.The difference of Fig. 3 technical scheme and Fig. 2 technical scheme only is: at first utilize an optical coupler 1 that input optical signal 7 is divided into two-way, wherein one the tunnel through wavelength correlation filter/attenuator 2, another road is divided into two-way once more by another optical coupler 1 again, wherein one the tunnel directly export to optical-electrical converter 3, wavelength correlation filter/attenuator 2 is also passed through on another road.The remainder of Fig. 3 technical scheme is all identical with Fig. 2 technical scheme, and the employed judgment criterion of deterministic process is also all identical.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of wavelength-division multiplex system increase and decrease channel monitoring device the 4th embodiment of the present invention.The 4th embodiment is particularly useful for low-cost and the not high environment for use of required precision.As shown in Figure 4, input optical signal 7 is a two-way through an optical coupler 1 along separate routes, wherein one the tunnel directly gives optical-electrical converter 3, gives optical-electrical converter 3 behind another road process wavelength correlation filter/attenuator 2.Similar shown in other structure division embodiment illustrated in fig. 4 and Fig. 1 to 3, wherein the judgment criterion of microcontroller/digital signal processor 6 and step are also same as the previously described embodiments, are not repeated in this description at this.
Fig. 5,6,7,8,9 expressions can supply the different spectral characteristics of employed several wavelength correlation filter/attenuators among the above-mentioned embodiment.For the difference of the optical signal power that can monitor out different wavelength range under channel increase and decrease situation changes, in monitoring device of the present invention, need to use different wavelength correlation filter/attenuators.
In the technical scheme of three wavelength correlation filter/attenuators of use shown in Figure 1, can select three kinds of uses, optimal selection mode from the wavelength correlation filter/attenuator shown in Fig. 5 to 9 arbitrarily is that Fig. 5,6 two kinds of wavelength correlation filter/attenuators or Fig. 7,8 two kinds of wavelength correlation filter/attenuators any another wavelength correlation filter/attenuator of arranging in pairs or groups again is used in combination.
In the technical scheme of two wavelength correlation filter/attenuators of the use shown in Fig. 2,3, best mode uses wavelength correlation filter/attenuator shown in Fig. 5,6 for collocation, or the wavelength correlation filter/attenuator shown in Fig. 7,8 is used in collocation.
In above-mentioned wavelength correlation filter/attenuator, the wavelength correlation filter/attenuator shown in Fig. 7,8 can be considered the special case of wavelength correlation filter/attenuator shown in Figure 9 when Δ is taken as greater than 32nm.The span of Δ is 0.8nm～60nm among Fig. 9, and the span of α is 2dB～25dB.Those skilled in the art should be noted that, if when in same channel increase and decrease monitoring device of the present invention, adopting two or more wavelength correlation filters with spectral characteristic shown in Figure 9/attenuator, the spectral characteristic of each wavelength correlation filter/attenuator must have different Δ values, or with having identical Δ value peak wavelength staggers mutually so that different wave-length coverage monitoring channel is obtained different spectrum monitoring characteristics.
When if to adopt spectral characteristic be the wavelength correlation filter shown in Fig. 5 to 8/attenuator, then should avoid the wavelength correlation filter/attenuator of the same or similar spectral characteristic of employing in same monitoring device.The spectral characteristic that is wavelength correlation filter in the same monitoring device of the present invention or attenuator must be different.
The core of dense wavelength division multiplexing system increase and decrease channel monitoring method of the present invention is for distinguishing monitoring Input Monitor Connector light signal, it is divided into directly monitors in the optical power change that different wavelength has the wavelength relative photo filter/attenuator of different attenuation characteristics to the optical power change monitoring and to having passed through tool, the rate of change of the monitoring light signal that passed through wavelength correlation filter/attenuator its luminous power when optical channel number occurring and change is shown and the direct inconsistent characteristic of monitoring light signal optical power change, tell channel quantity thus and change the optical signal power variation that the optical signal power that causes changes and the optical link decay causes.Figure 10 is each step schematic diagram of wavelength-division multiplex system monitoring method of the present invention, as shown in figure 10, judgement of the inventive method and analyzing and processing step are specific as follows: " initialization monitoring analysis flow process ", and microcontroller/digital signal processor 6 need write down and preserve each monitoring channel optical signal power numerical value from each analog/digital converter 5 in this step; " gather the Monitoring Data of each optical power monitoring passage and the monitor value of the straight-through monitoring channel of output ", the real time data that needs microcontroller/digital signal processor 6 to gather in this step from each monitoring channel luminous power of each analog/digital converter 5; " take out each former monitoring channel monitor value of preserving ", need microcontroller/digital signal processor 6 to read the initial value of each monitoring channel luminous power data of preserving in this step; " each monitoring channel luminous power changes? " each monitoring channel luminous power real time data that microcontroller/digital signal processor 6 will be gathered in this step compares with the initial value of being preserved, and judges whether each monitoring channel luminous power numerical value changes; " calculate the optical power change rate of each monitoring channel ", before optical power change rate in this step is meant and changes the back luminous power and change the difference of luminous power with change the back or change before the ratio of luminous power, need microcontroller/digital signal processor 6 to calculate the rate of change of the luminous power of each monitoring channel in this step; " variation has taken place in line hepatitis consumption ", if judge the optical power change rate unanimity of each monitoring channel in the last step, then microcontroller/digital signal processor 6 judges that optical power change is caused by the line hepatitis consumption change institute of optical transmission line; " variation has taken place in transmission optical channel number ", if judge in the last step that the optical power change rate of each monitoring channel is inconsistent, then microcontroller/digital signal processor 6 judges that optical power change is caused by the increase and decrease of transmission optical channel; " preserve the monitor value of each monitoring channel ", the optical signal power numerical value that needs microcontroller/digital signal processor 6 to incite somebody to action each monitoring channel this moment in this step is preserved, so that use in the follow-up observation process.
Claims (6)
1. a channel that is used for dense wavelength division multiplexing system increases and decreases monitoring device, and this device comprises:
Optical coupler, input optical signal is become several light detection channel signal along separate routes, wherein one road light detection channel signal directly sends optical-electrical converter to, and all the other each road light detection channel signals are transferred to optical-electrical converter by a plurality of wavelength relative photo filter/attenuators respectively;
Wavelength relative photo filter/attenuator, its each one road light detection channel signal is carried out the decay of different spectral characteristics;
A plurality of optical-electrical converters are used for each road light detection channel signal is carried out opto-electronic conversion respectively, and light signal is changed into the signal of telecommunication and sends a plurality of amplifiers to;
A plurality of amplifiers, its each will amplify from the signal of telecommunication of one of a plurality of optical-electrical converters, send a plurality of analog/digital converters then to;
A plurality of analog/digital converters will carry out analog/digital conversion from the signal of telecommunication of one of a plurality of amplifiers, produce the digital signal of each road monitoring channel signal light power numerical value of expression and send this digital signal to microcontroller/digital signal processor;
Microcontroller/digital signal processor carries out analysis and judgement to the data of the representative Ge Lu monitoring channel signal light power numerical value gathered, determines that by each road monitoring channel optical power change rate is whether consistent it is to be caused or caused by the increase and decrease of transmission optical channel number by the optical transmission line decay that luminous power changes.
2. the described channel according to claim 1 increases and decreases monitoring device, it is characterized in that: described optical coupler is three, described wavelength relative photo filter/attenuator is three, described a plurality of optical-electrical converter is four, described a plurality of amplifier is four, and described a plurality of analog/digital converters are four.
3. the described channel according to claim 1 increases and decreases monitoring device, it is characterized in that: described optical coupler is two, described wavelength relative photo filter/attenuator is two, described a plurality of optical-electrical converter is three, described a plurality of amplifier is three, and described a plurality of analog/digital converters are three.
4. the described channel according to claim 1 increases and decreases monitoring device, it is characterized in that: described optical coupler is one, described wavelength relative photo filter/attenuator is one, described a plurality of optical-electrical converter is two, described a plurality of amplifier is two, and described a plurality of analog/digital converters are two.
5. a channel that is used for dense wavelength division multiplexing system increases and decreases monitoring method, and this method comprises:
Input optical signal is become several light detection channel signal along separate routes,
Wherein one the tunnel directly carries out opto-electronic conversion, and all the other each road light detection channel signals carry out opto-electronic conversion after the wavelength correlation filtering/decay by different spectral characteristics respectively, change the signal of telecommunication into by light signal
Each road signal of telecommunication of obtain is amplified respectively,
Each road signal of telecommunication after amplifying is carried out analog/digital conversion, produces the digital signal of each road monitoring channel signal light power numerical value of expression,
Data according to each road monitoring channel signal light power numerical value of this digital signal representation are carried out analysis and judgement, determine that by each road monitoring channel optical power change rate is whether consistent it is to be caused or caused by the increase and decrease of transmission optical channel number by the optical transmission line decay that luminous power changes.
6. according to the described channel increase and decrease monitoring method of claim 5, it is characterized in that: the analysis and judgement step specifically comprises:
Initialization monitoring analysis flow process, microcontroller/digital signal processor need write down and preserve each monitoring channel optical signal power numerical value from each analog/digital converter in this step;
Gather the Monitoring Data of each optical power monitoring passage and the monitor value of the straight-through monitoring channel of output, need the real time data of microcontroller/digital signal processor collection in this step from each monitoring channel luminous power of each analog/digital converter;
Take out each former monitoring channel monitor value of preserving, need microcontroller/digital signal processor to read the initial value of each monitoring channel luminous power data of preserving in this step;
Whether each monitoring channel luminous power changes, and each monitoring channel luminous power real time data that microcontroller/digital signal processor will be gathered in this step compares with the initial value of being preserved, and judges whether each monitoring channel luminous power numerical value changes;
Calculate the optical power change rate of each monitoring channel, described optical power change rate be meant after the variation luminous power with change before luminous power difference with change the back or change before the ratio of luminous power, need microcontroller/digital signal processor to calculate the rate of change of the luminous power of each monitoring channel in this step;
Variation has taken place in line hepatitis consumption, if judge the optical power change rate unanimity of each monitoring channel, then microcontroller/digital signal processor judges that optical power change is caused by the line hepatitis consumption change institute of optical transmission line;
Variation has taken place in transmission optical channel number, if judge that the optical power change rate of each monitoring channel is inconsistent, then microcontroller/digital signal processor judges that optical power change is caused by the increase and decrease of transmission optical channel;
Preserve the monitor value of each monitoring channel, the optical signal power numerical value that needs microcontroller/digital signal processor to incite somebody to action each monitoring channel this moment in this step is preserved, so that use in the follow-up observation process.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8548322B2 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2013-10-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Channel power estimation means |
| CN106097850A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-11-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | The additional path loss compensating circuit of a kind of education experiment path and method |
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| CN103475412A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2013-12-25 | 成都成电光信科技有限责任公司 | Optical fiber network multichannel transmission system |
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| CN1423445A (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2003-06-11 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Method for transmitting wavelength number optimized WDM system power management by optical monitoring channel |
| US7151875B2 (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2006-12-19 | General Instrument Corporation | Method and apparatus for balancing the power of optical channels traversing an optical add drop multiplexer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8548322B2 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2013-10-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Channel power estimation means |
| CN106097850A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-11-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | The additional path loss compensating circuit of a kind of education experiment path and method |
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