CN1740829A - Single-structure integrated micro-structural optical fibre - Google Patents

Abstract

The optical fibre is composed of several independent microstructure optical fibres. These independent microstructure optical fibres can be arranged according to a certain regularity and integrated, also can be randomly arranged and integrated, in which every independent microstructure optical fibre can be formed from fibre core and cladding, also can be formed from hollow fibre core and cladding, every independent microstructure optical fibre has identical structure, also can have different structure. Said invention also provides the concrete structure of cladding.

Description

Single-structure integrated micro-structural optical fibre

The invention belongs to the special optical fiber field.Relate to a kind of single structure or structure integrated micro optical fiber (IntegratedMicro-structure Fiber), a kind of method of making structure integrated micro optical fiber.

Structure integrated micro optical fiber be by many independently the microstructured optical fibers boundling form, each root independently microstructured optical fibers has independently performance and can use separately.

An example of free-standing microstructure optical fiber is made up of quartz glass and many air columns, air column is along fiber lengths, lateral periodicity or arrangement disorderly, air column is round or six squares, the quartz glass fibre that is equivalent to a porous, the pore size that forms many disappearances position or center therein is greater than 1～7 times at pore on every side, and centre porosity is of a size of about 0.1～3 μ m, has formed the defective in the crystal structure; Length direction along optical fiber is to keep this structure constant.Defective has wherein just formed the passage of leaded light.The light of transmission all is single transverse mode on the spectral window of quartz in this optical channel (optical waveguide).Airport in the covering is parallel to fiber axis (center) and extends to the total length of optical fiber.

In the present invention in the microstructured optical fibers of Ti Chuing, can utilize the total internal reflection principle light conducting (fibre core is a high refractive index medium) of common optical fiber, also can utilize " photon band gap " (Photonic band gap) to come light conducting, when utilizing " photon band gap " light conducting, restriction leaded light wavelength could be realized in the wavelength coverage of several permissions.

Photon band gap is to be formed by the periodic structure in the covering, and it makes some optical wavelength can not form transmission mode therein, and by local in the middle of the central defect hole; Because the anomalous dispersion wavelength of the quartz material of center local hole wall itself is not at visible range and near infrared, so light conducting is still transmitted in the quartz wall of center pit.

Propose a kind of light conducting that can make among the present invention and in the air-core at center, transmitted, and had only few part to be deep into microstructured optical fibers in the covering.Big many of the airport of the center pit covering of this optical fiber, at this moment the unusual wavelength coverage of fiber optic materials is in the photon band gap, utilizes the fibre core airport of this microstructured optical fibers, can transmit the high power laser energy.When luminous power surpasses certain numerical value, can produce nonlinear effect in the microstructured optical fibers, utilize it can make super continuum light spectrum light source, the fiber laser of some characteristic wavelength, optical amplifier and optical device.

The present invention be with above-mentioned independently microstructured optical fibers equally by the hexagonal array boundling, again by wire drawing machine with its drawing-down, reach each independent airport and be of a size of about 0.1～2 μ m, the diameter at the logical light place of fiber optic hub is the size of 1～3 times of covering airport.

Concrete figure is (1～4).

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, structure integrated micro optical fiber

This optical fiber by 37 independently microstructured optical fibers form, every independently microstructured optical fibers all can use separately.

Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the structural drawing of microstructured optical fibers independently

Detailed description of the present invention:

From Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as seen, wherein include some independently microstructured optical fibers, every microstructured optical fibers is formed by being of a size of 0.1～1.2 μ m hole, these holes are to be arranged in the cycle greater than three layers (can be disorder distribution) substantially, the center is the airport or the real core of an omission, size is about 1.0～3.6 μ m, and profile is circle or polygon.The external diameter of structure integrated micro optical fiber is about about 100～130 μ m.

Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are microstructured optical fibers figure independently, and elementary microstructure optical fiber is by the airport at a center or real core, at this SMIS transmission laser energy, and the scattering (Bragg diffraction) of these energy to be formed by the periodic structure of covering, local is in fibre core.Pattern quantity and the wavelength coverage that can transmit in fibre core are by photon band gap and normalizing constant V decision.

$V=\frac{2\mathrm{\π\Λ}}{\mathrm{\λ}}\sqrt{n_{c0}^2-n_{c1}^2}$ Or $V=\mathrm{k\Λ}\sqrt{n_{c0}^2-n_{c1}^2}$

Wherein, Λ is the pitch of holes (Λ) in the microstructured optical fibers, goes into to be transmission wavelength, n _C0Be fiber core refractive index, n _C1Be the covering mean refractive index.When considering two polarization states:

${\left(2V\right)}^2=k^2{\mathrm{\Λ}}^2(n_{c0}^2-n_{c1}^2){,V}^2=N=\frac{k^2{\mathrm{\Λ}}^2(n_{c0}^2-n_{c1}^2)}{4},N=\frac{{\mathrm{\Λ}}^2({\mathrm{\β}}_{c0}^2-{\mathrm{\β}}_{c1}^2)}{4}$

The β here _C0And β _C1Propagation constant up and down for photon band gap.When fibre core is air, β _C0Be in the anomalous dispersion district, be negative value, transmit laser energy,, therefore, take Λ β just only make N＞1 have guided mode to exist in order to make in the hollow fibre core _C0Numerical value greater than Λ β _C1Value, make the airport of fibre core be greater than airport in the covering, we have chosen 3 times to the numerical value of covering Λ.

Making aforesaid microstructured optical fibers is to adopt the template forming method, the hollow glass capillary of diameter less than millimeter, be contained in the template according to hexagonal structure, covering is 4 layers, drawing-down for the first time is 0.05mm to covering hollow pore size on wire drawing machine after fastening, being integrated together,, manufacture structure integrated micro optical fiber as shown in Figure 1, 2 through drawing for the second time through the prefabricated rods that draws.

The template of using adopts the photoetching technique manufacturing, can reproduce the requirement of arranging of designed cladding structure very regularly.If making fibre core is the microstructured optical fibers of real core, a hexagonal real plug is filled at its center, is of a size of and is three times in unit glass capillary in the covering.

In the example described in the reference diagram of the present invention, core region can be air or be full of certain medium, or the glass of real core; Airport in the covering can fill up certain medium.This medium and the material different (they mainly being the refractive index n difference) that constitutes this microstructured optical fibers, and constituent material can be a quartz glass, optical glass, organic glass and transparent type plastics etc. all belong to content of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1, a kind of structure integrated micro optical fiber, comprising several microstructured optical fibers independently, independently the microstructured optical fibers structure is basic identical for each, and performance is close substantially.

2, in the described structure integrated micro optical fiber of claim 1, form every free-standing microstructure optical fiber properties basically identical by orderly or lack of alignment by many microstructured optical fibers, can pass light jointly,, can independently pass light with reinforcing property, disperse to use, can multiplely use.

3, the described independently microstructured optical fibers of claim 1 comprises a uniform fibre core of refractive index and is higher than the medium refraction index that surrounds it or is lower than the medium refraction index that surrounds it, can also be air or charges into certain gas, liquid etc.

4, the covering of the described encirclement fibre core of claim 3 is the structure by different refractivity periodic arrangement structure or different refractivity lack of alignment of multilayer.

5, described cycle of claim 4 or disordered structure are formed by round or polygonal pore, and it is arranged in glass, quartz glass, plastics or other medium.

6, the described pore total area of claim 5 is no less than 10% of free-standing microstructure profile of optic fibre, and maximum can reach 80%.

7, the described fibre core of claim 3 is the line defect in a kind of periodic structure, can transmit the luminous energy or the signal of certain wavelength therein, can also produce new light by multiple non-linear process, and these are single mode transport only.

8, the desired structure integrated micro optical fiber of above-mentioned various right can be made into multiple optical device, and as spectral filtering, optics amplifies, Laser emission, optical scattering and multiple nonlinear effect.

9, a kind of method of making microstructured optical fibers may further comprise the steps:

(1) at first prepare unit club or tube, its external form is six squares or round.

(2) tube or club are arranged by hexangle type, place real plug of a hexangle type or hollow pipe at the center, arrange outside the center 4 layers～10 layers periodic structure or unordered accumulation.

(3) core size as claimed in claim 2 can be to lack one central defect, also can be to lack seven central defect, and this defective can be to be made of air, also can be made of the medium of real core.

10, the structure of claim 9 accumulation being selected wherein 7,13 or 21 is integrated together.

11, the described deposit of claim 10 is drawn into elongated optical fiber, its mesopore gas is of a size of between 0.1～2 μ m.

12, by the described microstructured optical fibers of claim 9 to 11, shown in figure (1～4).

13,, has the performance of claim 1 to 8 by the microstructured optical fibers of claim 9 to 11 manufacturing.

14, the described structure integrated micro optical fiber of claim 1 can comprise the different independently microstructured optical fibers of many root architectures, and independently the structure of microstructured optical fibers is all inequality for each, and performance is also inequality.

15, the described structure integrated micro optical fiber of claim 14, each independently microstructured optical fibers can independently use, have different functions, it is integrated to be that multiple use uses optical fiber to realize simultaneously; Also can be that this structure integrated micro optical fiber is used for different purposes, realize multi-functional.

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