CN100426023C - Full solid band-gap optical fiber with low limited loss and low bending loss - Google Patents

Full solid band-gap optical fiber with low limited loss and low bending loss Download PDF

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CN100426023C
CN100426023C CNB2006101248601A CN200610124860A CN100426023C CN 100426023 C CN100426023 C CN 100426023C CN B2006101248601 A CNB2006101248601 A CN B2006101248601A CN 200610124860 A CN200610124860 A CN 200610124860A CN 100426023 C CN100426023 C CN 100426023C
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loss
optical fiber
refractive index
elementary cell
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CN1945363A (en
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童维军
韩庆荣
汪洪海
韦会峰
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Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Co Ltd
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Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2007/070953 priority patent/WO2008049374A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
    • G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to all solid band gap fibers with a restricted low loss and low bending loss, which includes a core-layer and a cladding layer, the features are: the cladding materials have a refractive index n1, and the basic units with high doped materials with a refractive index n3, which locates on the regular mesh nodes of the cladding layer, and the high doping region of each basic unit are wrapped around with at least one belt region at a low refractive index n2. The invention can be widely applied in the field of photonic optical devices, for instance the fiber amplifier and fiber laser of rare earth doping, and writing for fiber grating etc.

Description

Full solid band-gap optical fiber with low restriction loss and low bend loss
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of full solid band-gap optical fiber, specifically a kind of full solid band-gap optical fiber with low restriction loss and low bend loss, it belongs to optical fiber communication and optical signalling process field.
Background technology
Photonic crystal fiber (Photonic Crystal Fiber) be otherwise known as microstructured optical fibers or porous optical fiber are that [21 (1996) p.1547. for J.C.Knight, et al.Opt.Lett. for a kind of novel optical fiber that causes extensive concern in recent years; Errata, Opt.Lett.22 (1997) p.484], complicated index distribution is arranged on its xsect, usually the clad region of this type optical fiber contains the pore of running through of different spread patterns whole optical fiber, the yardstick in these holes and fiber optic wavelength are roughly at the same order of magnitude, and light wave can be limited in its core district and propagate.According to the difference of leaded light mechanism, photonic crystal fiber can be divided into two big class [J.C.Knight, et al.Science, 2002,296 (5566), p276]: total reflection light-conducting type (Total Internal Reflection, TIR) and the band gap light-conducting type (Photonic Band Gap, PBG).[F.Luan et al.Opt.Lett.29 (2004) p.2369 in nearest research; A.Argyros et al.Opt.Express 13 (2005) is p.309] find in total solids optical fiber, also to realize the mechanism of band gap type leaded light, be called as full solid band-gap optical fiber (All-solidBandGap Fiber), its xsect replaces pore with isolated high doped materials and is arranged on the background material of low-refraction, core district disappearance high doped materials is as the cross section of optic fibre among Fig. 2 (b).Document [A.Argyros et al.Opt.Express 13 (2005) p.309] reported the dopant material relative index of refraction only 1%, background material is quartzy full solid band-gap optical fiber.The appearance of this optical fiber shows can utilize common drawing optical fibers technology manufacturing band gap material.Relative hollow band gap fiber, this full solid band-gap optical fiber helps more realizing that those are widely used in the optical device in photon technology field, carries out that as the core district rear-earth-doped fiber amplifier and fiber laser, fiber grating write etc.In addition, have the optical fiber of airport relatively, they should more have superiority at aspects such as optimizing splice loss, splice attenuation and raising mechanical fiber optic reliability.
Yet, at present for the type optical fiber, carry out leaded light even utilize the relatively low high-order band gap of loss, the conventional relatively solid optical fiber of its loss is also high a lot, utilizes the 3rd rank band gap at the about 20dB/km of the loss of 1550 nanometers as what document [G.Bouwmans et al.Opt.Express 13 (2005) p.8452] was reported.In addition, this type fiber often shows very poor bending resistance, even utilize the relatively low high-order band gap of limitation loss (Confinement Loss) to carry out leaded light, the loss of this type fiber also is easy to be subjected to the influence of fibre strain.From above-mentioned document, also can find, when wishing that the relatively low high-order band gap of loss is operated in the general communication wavelength, generally require the remarkable element diameter of diameter (Pitch Λ) of elementary cell in the optical fiber greater than the optical fiber of being with pore, correspondingly, inevitable for the physical dimension of sandwich construction optical fiber significantly greater than conventional fiber.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the defective that exists at existing product, provides a kind of full solid band-gap optical fiber with low restriction loss and low bend loss, to remedy the deficiency of existing product.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that it comprises sandwich layer and covering, is characterized in that: the background material of fibre cladding has certain refractive index n 1, having the high doped materials refractive index is n 3Elementary cell be distributed on the regular grid node of covering, be wrapped in one deck low-refraction n at least around the high-doped zone of each elementary cell 2Strip region.
On the node that is centered close to regular hexagon or square grid of the elementary cell of described clad doped part, preferred regular hexagon.
The regular hexagon that the elementary cell of described clad doped part forms or the square number of turns are more than three circles, preferred 3-6 circle, more preferably 5 circles.
Described covering elementary cell is the center with the high doped materials, at least respectively comprises a refractive index and is higher than the array mode that background material and refractive index are lower than background material.
For guaranteeing that described band gap fiber leads to light time silk footpath not significantly greater than 300 microns, the refractive index n of background material near communication window 1, have a refractive index n of high doped materials 3, the strip region refractive index n 2Between, typically need to satisfy n 3 - n 2 n 1 × 100 % ≥ 1 % .
For the limitation loss and the crooked sensitive property that guarantee near described band gap fiber logical light time low order band gap communication window are significantly improved the refractive index n of background material 1, have a refractive index n of high doped materials 3, the strip region refractive index n 2Between, typically need to satisfy n 2 - n 1 n 1 × 100 % ≤ - 0.1 %
The diameter d of the equivalent cylindrical of the sagging annulus of described optical fiber 2Diameter d with the high doped materials district of equivalence 3Ratio, i.e. d 2/ d 3〉=1.5.
High doped materials is mainly the quartz glass of Germania-doped among the present invention, and sagging material is mainly fluoro-alloyed quartz glass.Preparation method of the present invention is that optical fiber makes the conventional method in field, and it is that the solid bar that will contain the solid bar of germanium oxide and background material is arranged in and moltenly together shortens prefabricated rods into, and optical fiber of the present invention is made in wire drawing then.
The present invention can be widely used in the optical device in photon technology field, as carrying out rear-earth-doped fiber amplifier and fiber laser, fiber grating write etc. in the core district.The optical fiber that has airport relatively, it should more have superiority at aspects such as optimizing splice loss, splice attenuation and raising mechanical fiber optic reliability.The present invention adopts the elementary cell of introducing the sagging covering of low-refraction, has reduced the limitation loss of full solid band-gap optical fiber effectively, makes optical fiber become possibility at the logical light of the higher relatively low order band gap window of limitation loss.The introducing of the sagging covering elementary cell of low-refraction of the present invention improves effectively and has gone up the crooked sensitive property of full solid band-gap optical fiber because of fibre strain introducing added losses.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the regular hexagon structural representation of principal character of the present invention
Fig. 1 (b) is the square structural representation of principal character of the present invention
Fig. 2 (a) is the band gap diagram and the guided mode of first embodiment of the invention
Fig. 2 (b) is not for introducing the band gap diagram and the guided mode of principal character optical fiber of the present invention
Fig. 3 (a) is not for introducing the influence synoptic diagram of the principal character optical fiber hexagon number of turns of the present invention to limitation loss
Fig. 3 (b) is the influence synoptic diagram of the hexagon number of turns of first embodiment of the invention covering elementary cell formation to limitation loss
Fig. 4 is the influence synoptic diagram of the sagging cladding thickness of first embodiment of the invention to limitation loss
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram that concerns of first embodiment of the invention critical bends radius and normalization wavelength
Embodiment
Specifically describe the various embodiment of principle of work of the present invention and this type optical fiber below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.In order to study the leaded light performance of full solid band-gap optical fiber, we have adopted full vector plane-wave method (Full-vectorial Plane-wave method respectively, PWM) and adopt the method for finite difference of perfect match layer absorbing boundary (PML) (Finite-difference Method, FDM) [S.Guo et al.Opt.Express 12 (2004) p.3341] calculates the band gap diagram and the guided mode of full solid band-gap optical fiber.
As embodiment one, the present invention includes sandwich layer and covering, the background material 1 of fibre cladding has certain refractive index n 1, having the high doped materials refractive index is n 3 Elementary cell 3 be distributed on the regular grid node of covering, be wrapped in one deck low-refraction n at least around the high-doped zone of each elementary cell 3 2Strip region 2.On the node that is centered close to the regular hexagon grid of the elementary cell 3 of described clad doped part.The regular hexagon that the elementary cell of described clad doped part forms is three circles.
Described covering elementary cell is the center with the high doped materials, has the refractive index n of high doped materials 3The refractive index n of＞background material 1The refractive index n of＞strip region 2
For guaranteeing that described band gap fiber leads to light time silk footpath not significantly greater than 300 microns, the refractive index n of background material near communication window 1, have a refractive index n of high doped materials 3, the strip region refractive index n 2Between, typically need to satisfy n 3 - n 2 n 1 × 100 % ≥ 1 % .
For the limitation loss and the crooked sensitive property that guarantee near described band gap fiber logical light time low order band gap communication window are significantly improved the refractive index n of background material 1, have a refractive index n of high doped materials 3, the strip region refractive index n 2Between, typically need to satisfy n 2 - n 1 n 1 × 100 % ≤ - 0.1 % .
The outside diameter d of the sagging annulus of described optical fiber 2Diameter d with the high doped materials district of equivalence 3Ratio, i.e. d 2/ d 3〉=1.5.The quartzy elementary cell 3 of mixing of covering press the regular hexagon structural arrangement, and arrange and the isometrical background quartz material of covering elementary cell in the core district, and elementary cell to select the simplest center for use be that circular high-doped zone, parcel cylindrical are d 2Refractive index sink annular region, background material as the continuous structure of outer layer segment.Typical structural representation such as Fig. 1 (a).
High doped materials is mainly the quartz glass of Germania-doped among the present invention, and sagging material is mainly fluoro-alloyed quartz glass.Preparation method of the present invention is that optical fiber makes the conventional method in field, and it is that the solid bar that will contain the solid bar of germanium oxide and background material is arranged in and moltenly together shortens prefabricated rods into, and optical fiber of the present invention is made in wire drawing then.
As embodiment two, the present invention includes sandwich layer and covering, the background material 1 of fibre cladding has certain refractive index n 1, having the high doped materials refractive index is n 3 Elementary cell 3 be distributed on the regular grid node of covering, be wrapped in one deck low-refraction n at least around the high-doped zone of each elementary cell 3 2Strip region 2.On the node that is centered close to the square grid of the elementary cell 3 of described clad doped part.The square that the elementary cell of described clad doped part forms is three circles.
Described covering elementary cell is the center with the high doped materials, has the refractive index n of high doped materials 3The refractive index n of＞background material 1The refractive index n of＞strip region 2
For guaranteeing that described band gap fiber leads to light time silk footpath not significantly greater than 300 microns, the refractive index n of background material near communication window 1, have a refractive index n of high doped materials 3, the strip region refractive index n 2Between, typically need to satisfy n 3 - n 2 n 1 × 100 % ≥ 1 % .
For the limitation loss and the crooked sensitive property that guarantee near described band gap fiber logical light time low order band gap communication window are significantly improved the refractive index n of background material 1, have a refractive index n of high doped materials 3, the strip region refractive index n 2Between, typically need to satisfy n 2 - n 1 n 1 × 100 % ≤ - 0.1 % .
The outside diameter d of the sagging annulus of described optical fiber 2Diameter d with the high doped materials district of equivalence 3Ratio, i.e. d 2/ d 3〉=1.5.
The quartzy elementary cell of mixing of covering press the square structural arrangement, and arrange and the isometrical background quartz material of covering elementary cell in the core district, and elementary cell to select the simplest center for use be that circular high-doped zone, parcel outside diameter are d 2Refractive index sink annular region, background material as the continuous structure of outer layer segment.Typical structural representation such as Fig. 1 (b).
For principle of work of the present invention is described, we select for use the special parameter (being designated as Fiber A) of embodiment one to calculate the band gap diagram and the guided mode of this structured optical fiber, wherein background material n 1=1.45, high-doped zone n 3=1.4858 and the normalization diameter is 0.4 Λ, and the annulus n that sink 2=1.4428, the normalization diameter is 0.8 Λ, and the hexagon number of turns that elementary cell forms is three circles.This structure has effectively realized band gap leaded light mechanism, shows several low order band gap inner fiber basic mode effective refractive indexs as Fig. 2 (a).
Advantage of the present invention for convenience of explanation, the full solid band-gap optical fiber (being designated as Fiber B) that we also adopt identical method to calculate not introduce principal character similar structures of the present invention, wherein background material n 1=1.45, high-doped zone n 3=1.4858 and the normalization diameter is 0.4 Λ, the hexagon number of turns three circles that elementary cell forms, but do not comprise sagging annulus.Show several low order band gap inner fiber basement membrane effective refractive indexs of its correspondence as Fig. 2 (b).
The band gap diagram of two kinds of structures relatively can notice obviously that the present invention has the bandgap structure that the band gap width of the ring structure that sink was reported before low order band gap window is better than, especially at low order band gap window guided mode effective refractive index further from the cladding mode effective refractive index.A notable attribute is in addition, and the 3rd rank band gap region characteristic remarkable that the present invention has the ring structure optical fiber that sink is different from the bandgap structure of report in the past.These features help optimizing the limitation loss and the bending resistance of optical fiber, make the present invention have that the optical fiber of following limiting ring structure is stable to be operated in low order band gap window and to become possibility.
At desirable symmetrical structure with do not consider to be mingled with etc. under the influence of defective (they main three manufacturing process that will depend on optical fiber), the loss of band gap fiber depends mainly on the limitation loss of optical fiber itself, and it depends on the structural design of optical fiber itself.We have calculated the limitation loss of two kinds of optical fiber shown in Figure 2 at low order band gap window respectively from the definition of optical fiber limitation loss, and have considered the influence (in calculating get Λ equal 4 micron) of the elementary cell number of turns to limitation loss.Fig. 3 (a) is the limitation loss result of calculation of former bibliographical information structure (as Fig. 2 (b)).Fig. 3 (b) is the limitation loss result of calculation that the present invention has sagging ring structure (as Fig. 2 (a)).The limitation loss computation structure that compares two kinds of structures, can find significantly that the structure that the present invention introduces is lower than 1dB/km, the result of calculation 1/10 of bibliographical information structure before the limitation loss of approaching normalization wavelength correspondence only is at the limitation loss of low order band gap window realization 3～4, this makes fiber work of the present invention realize that at low order band gap window logical light becomes possibility.We notice that also the number of turns that increases elementary cell can reduce the limitation loss of optical fiber significantly, but the diameter of optical fiber can not be infinitely great in actual applications.Therefore, for guaranteeing that full solid band-gap optical fiber can lead to light near near the conventional fiber diameter near communication window, the full solid band-gap optical fiber of bibliographical information was in the big problem of low order band gap window loss before scheme provided by the invention had effectively solved from the angle of optical fiber structure structural design, and provided within the specific limits and increase the possibility that the elementary cell number of turns is further optimized fibre loss.
In order to further specify the influence of sagging ring of the present invention to the full solid band-gap optical fiber limitation loss, we have further analyzed the influence of sagging ring normalization thickness to limitation loss.Based on the optical fiber as Fig. 2 (a) structure, Fig. 4 shows in the different influences of ring normalization thickness to limitation loss of sinking of the corresponding normalization wavelength of low order band gap window lower limit loss.From analysis result as can be seen, under the constant condition of high-doped zone, along with the increase of normalization thickness, the limitation loss of optical fiber can reduce by 4～5 orders of magnitude.P.2503, Argyros et al.Opt.Express 13 (2005) has reported that the bending property of some band gap fibers is different from conventional step-refraction index profile fiber.P.5688, the notion that T.A.Birks et al.Opt.express 14 (2006) has defined a critical bends radius is used for the bending resistance of approximate description band gap fiber:
R c ≈ 4 π 2 λ n m 2 | n fm 2 - n edge 2 | 3 / 2
N wherein mBe the background material refractive index, n FmBe the effective refractive index of basic mode, and n EdgeIt is the effective refractive index of band gap sideband.
Adopt above-mentioned definition, we have calculated the critical bends radius of above-mentioned two kinds of optical fiber (Fiber A, Fiber B) at low order band gap window.Encircle the influence of normalization thickness to bending property in order further to analyze to sink, we have also calculated Fiber C, and it has reduced sagging ring thickness to 0.6 Λ on the basis of Fiber A.Fig. 5 shows relevant result of calculation.As can be seen from the figure, the introducing of sagging ring of the present invention has reduced the about order of magnitude of critical bends radius of full band gap fiber significantly, i.e. the introducing of sagging ring of the present invention has improved the bending resistance of optical fiber significantly.We can notice that also the bending resistance of optical fiber is further improved along with the increase of the ring thickness that sink.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of full solid band-gap optical fiber with low restriction loss and low bend loss, it comprises sandwich layer and covering, it is characterized in that: the background material of fibre cladding has certain refractive index n 1, having refractive index is n 3The elementary cell of high doped materials be distributed on the regular grid node of covering, be wrapped in one deck low-refraction n at least around the high-doped zone of each elementary cell 2Strip region, wherein satisfy between the refractive index n 3 - n 2 n 1 × 100 % ≥ 1 % .
2, a kind of full solid band-gap optical fiber with low restriction loss and low bend loss according to claim 1 is characterized in that: on the node that is centered close to the regular hexagon grid of described covering elementary cell doped portion.
3, a kind of full solid band-gap optical fiber with low restriction loss and low bend loss according to claim 1 is characterized in that: on the node that is centered close to the square grid of described covering elementary cell doped portion.
4, according to claim 2 or 3 described a kind of full solid band-gap optical fibers with low restriction loss and low bend loss, it is characterized in that: the regular hexagon that described elementary cell forms or the square number of turns are more than three circles.
5, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described a kind of full solid band-gap optical fibers, it is characterized in that: refractive index n with low restriction loss and low bend loss 1And refractive index n 2Between satisfy n 2 - n 1 n 1 × 100 % ≤ - 0 . 1 % .
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PCT/CN2007/070953 WO2008049374A1 (en) 2006-10-26 2007-10-25 An all-solid band gap fiber with low limit loss and low bending loss

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CN100426023C (en) * 2006-10-26 2008-10-15 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 Full solid band-gap optical fiber with low limited loss and low bending loss
US9120693B2 (en) * 2010-11-08 2015-09-01 Corning Incorporated Multi-core optical fiber ribbons and methods for making the same
CN102375176B (en) * 2011-11-11 2013-10-23 江苏大学 Low-bending-loss optical fiber

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