CN1726371A - System for vaporization of liquid fuels for combustion and method of use - Google Patents
System for vaporization of liquid fuels for combustion and method of use Download PDFInfo
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- CN1726371A CN1726371A CNA2003801057399A CN200380105739A CN1726371A CN 1726371 A CN1726371 A CN 1726371A CN A2003801057399 A CNA2003801057399 A CN A2003801057399A CN 200380105739 A CN200380105739 A CN 200380105739A CN 1726371 A CN1726371 A CN 1726371A
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 91
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 93
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 75
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Abstract
A gas stream with a reduced oxygen concentration relative to ambient air is used to vaporize a liquid fuel or liquified higher hydrocarbon gas, or is mixed with a vaporized gas, and the reduced oxygen vaporized fuel gas is fed to a combustion device such as a premixed or diffusion combustor. Preferably, the oxygen content of the gas stream is less than the limiting oxygen index. By mixing the fuel with a gas stream that has an appropriately reduced oxygen content, auto-ignition prior to the flame front can be avoided. In some embodiments, the reduced oxygen stream is generated from an air separator or taken from the exhaust of the combustion device.
Description
60/430,653 the priority that the application requires the U.S. Provisional Application of submitting on October 10th, 2,002 60/417,184 and submitted on December 4th, 2002.The full content that is incorporated herein these two provisional application as a reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for suitably to vaporize at burner, the method and apparatus of mixing and fluid transfer fuel or liquefied gas.
Background technology
Burner, as the gas turbine engine that is used to generate electricity are usually with natural gas act as a fuel (for example, compressed natural gas or CNG).Usually, natural gas is by the methane (CH of about 90-98 volume %
4) form, although containing the gas that is low to moderate 82% methane, some is also referred to as natural gas.Except methane, natural gas can comprise CO
2, O
2, N
2And higher hydrocarbon gases, as C2 (ethane, ethene, acetylene), C3 (propane), C4 (butane) and C5 (pentane).
Recently gas turbine engine being used in the research of combustion system,, aspect toxic emission, obtained tangible improvement by when using natural gas, adopting poor fuel premixed combustion mode (lean, premixed combustion).In this combustion system, before arriving flame front, natural gas and combustion air premixed.The lean fuel mixture of natural gas and air burns being lower than under the temperature of conventional diffusion flame combustors, and pollutant (comprises nitrogen oxide (NO in the waste gas stream thereby make
X)) content is lower.For instance, the maximum of diffusion flame combustors can allow NO
XLevel is generally 42ppm@15%O
2, and the maximum of poor fuel premixed combustion gas turbine engine can allow NO
XLevel is generally 15ppm@15%O at present
2The 42ppm NO of diffusion flame combustors
XLevel only can realize to reduce flame temperature by a large amount of steam or water being added in the combustion chamber usually.
Attempted higher hydrocarbon liquid (as oils and diesel fuel) and higher hydrocarbon fuel gases (as propane (C3) and butane (C4)) that poor fuel premixed combustion devices is used to burn and substitutes.Herein, " higher hydrocarbon fuel " refers to that the hydrocarbon molecules of at least 50 weight % in the fuel wherein has the fuel of at least two carbon atoms.Unfortunately, when using substitute fuel, these burners are difficult to operation under (LPP) combustion system is gasified in poor fuel premixed in advance.Flame gasify in advance (herein for using liquid fuel or liquefied gas to produce poor fuel premixed, term " liquid fuel " should be understood as that comprising is liquid fuel usually under room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and through the cooling and/or the pressurization and liquefaction gas), liquid must at first evaporate and enter in the carrier gas (normally air) to produce fuel gas (being fuel vapour/air mixture), mixes with other combustion air before arriving flame front then.Yet, use this vaporized liquid fuel/liquefied gas and air mixture may be called as the phenomenon of automatic igniting (auto-ignition).Automatically igniting is the fuel spontaneous ignition before the predetermined flame location in burner.When described fuel is sent into burner, for example since fuel usually, in advance or other be heated and will cause the generation of advanced ignition.Automatically igniting makes the decrease in efficiency of burner and it is damaged, thereby shortens the service life of burner and/or can increase undesired emission.
Carried out various trials and avoided automatic igniting, but obtained whole successes without any a kind of trial in the middle-and-high-ranking hydrocarbon liquid of this poor fuel premixed combustion devices.Therefore, can use " double fuel " burner of natural gas and higher hydrocarbon liquid, for example gas turbine engine moves in poor fuel premixed mode when using natural gas usually, moves with diffusion way when using higher hydrocarbon liquid.With the diffusion way combustion of liquid fuel is unfavorable, because compare with the natural gas that burns in poor fuel premixed mode, this can increase NO
XWith other emission.
Recently, another problem that becomes more and more important is relevant with the use of liquefied natural gas.Because natural gas in home is under-supply, make liquefied natural gas more commonly used recently.When conveying liquified natural gas, normally by oil tanker (tanker), higher hydrocarbon gases has higher boiling point.When liquid natural gas is vaporized as fuel gas again, in the decline of the liquefied natural gas that from hold-up vessel, takes out, contain the higher hydrocarbon fuel of higher percent.Because above-mentioned automatic ignition problem, this part liquefied natural gas can not be used for many existing poor fuel premixed combustion of natural gas chamber.
The burner similar to using the natural gas burning device also is used in boiler, incinerator and turbogenerator and other combustion engine, and it comprises the application that generating is outer, as is used for propulsion for naval ships.The problem that in the use of warship, runs into turbogenerator comprise need be bigger the space to hold conventional compressed fuel gas and owing to a large amount of emissions that in conventional turbogenerator, use the substituted liquid fluid fuel to produce.These emissions can destroy environment, and bring danger, and for example, the visual emission of generation can expose the position of naval vessels.
Therefore still need the burner (as turbogenerator etc.) of development of new, it adopts poor fuel premix and pre-evaporation mode, the higher hydrocarbon liquid of can gas-firing burning again.For the multiple application that comprises generating, the gratifying double fuel of this burner selects to make it to select to have suitable flexibility in cost control and fuel.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the present invention are mainly by providing a kind of mechanism to solve the problems referred to above and other problem, described mechanism is used for preparing the pre-vaporized fuel gas that oxygen content is lower than surrounding air from multiple liquid fuel or liquefied gas, and this fuel gas can be sent in the burner as fuel gas.In preferred embodiments, this pre-vaporized fuel gas can be used in the poor fuel premixed combustion devices of existing gas-firing.This fuel gas can be used in turbogenerator, diesel oil and the petrol engine, as is used for to naval ship, locomotive engine, aircraft and automobiles.The present invention also is applicable to multiple other burner, is specially adapted to IGNITION CONTROL and/or emission are controlled the burner of having relatively high expectations.For example, even use the present invention in diffusion flame combustors, also can reduce NO
XCan reduce emission by the thermal capacity that increases reduced oxygen gas stream/fuel gas mixture, this is because the inert gas that adds can be in order to reducing flame temperature, thereby reduces NO
X
In one embodiment of the invention, inert gas or contain other air-flow that oxygen content is lower than surrounding air and be used to vaporized liquid fuel or liquefaction higher hydrocarbon natural gas, and the gained reduced oxygen vaporized fuel gas is sent in the burner.By fuel is mixed with the air-flow that oxygen concentration suitably reduces, can prevent or fully delay the reaction of vaporized fuel, thereby avoid automatic igniting.Height IGNITION CONTROL described below and further feature of the present invention can be used for reducing or control emission or combustion instability.
Multiple device well known in the art or system can be used for the supplied for inert air-flow, and multiple inert gas can be used among the present invention.For example, in one embodiment of the invention, can be provided for the reduced oxygen gas stream of vaporized liquid fuel or liquid gas by waste gas, thereby avoid automatic igniting from the dirt in premix burner or burner downstream.By suitably regulating this waste gas stream, this waste gas stream can be used for vaporizing any liquid fuel or liquefied gas, described liquid fuel or liquefied gas are in case through suitably handling and just mixing and can directly send into burner as fuel gas with waste gas stream.In another embodiment of the invention, use air separator unit that reduced oxygen gas stream is supplied to liquid fuel or liquid gas vaporization device.
Advantageously, this makes it become the separate unit that is used for preparing from various liquid fuels or liquefied gas and compressed air pre-vaporized fuel, and pre-vaporized fuel is in case just can directly be supplied in the existing turbogenerator that is suitable for gas-firing through suitably handling and mixing.Then, the gained mixture burns in poor fuel premixed mode, thereby improves engine performance.For example, this improvement can include but not limited to, improves exhaust emissions and/or improves flame holding, and it comprises the unstability that reduces burner.
The air separator unit oxygen separation and the nitrogen from air that are used for embodiment of the present invention.The output of air separator comprises two kinds of air-flows, first kind of air-flow oxygen height, nitrogen low (" oxygen-enriched stream "), second kind of air-flow oxygen is low, nitrogen is high (reduced oxygen gas stream that obtains in the present embodiment, and other reduced oxygen gas stream in other embodiment, be called as " oxygen low-flow " (theoxygen-reduced stream) or " reduced oxygen gas stream " (the reduced oxygen stream)).In one embodiment of the invention, air separator uses the method that is called " absorption method " in the art to prepare described air-flow.
Before sending into burner, reduced oxygen gas stream can be mixed with vaporized liquid fuel or liquid gas then.Because vaporized fuel needs the oxygen of capacity to burn, therefore by vaporized fuel and reduced oxygen gas stream the non-combustible nitrogen of low-level oxygen and suitable level (as be mixed with) are mixed, can prevent or fully delay the burning of vaporized fuel, thereby avoid automatic igniting.Then, the mixture of fuel and reduced oxygen gas stream is sent in the burner as fuel gas, can be mixed with oxygen source (for example, air inlet) and in engine, burn in this fuel/reduced oxygen gas stream.
In one embodiment of the invention, air separator uses from the compressed air of turbo-compressor supply.Selectively or additionally, air separator can use from the compressed air of any compressed air source supply.
In one embodiment of the invention, the oxygen-enriched stream that air separator produces can be provided to the downstream of the fuel combustion zone of burner, to reduce the emission of turbogenerator.Oxygen-enriched stream is supplied to the pollutant that can reduce the burner generation in the back effluent streams of burning, the oxidation of unburned fuel and/or carbon monoxide in for example flowing by promotion waste gas.
In one embodiment of the invention, the oxygen-enriched stream that air separator produces can be admitted to burner to widen the scope of application of burner.
Many liquid hydrocarbon fuels are applicable to the present invention.These liquid fuels or liquefied gas include but not limited to that liquefied natural gas, other liquefied gas that diesel fuel, #2 fuel oil, gasoline, higher hydrocarbon content improve (comprise liquefaction C2, C3, C4, C5 etc. and inflammability liquid waste stream (as the waste stream that obtains in the manufacture process).
In one embodiment of the invention,, can control calorific value with fuel gas stream quality or stereometer by mixing the reduced oxygen gas stream of proper proportion.This has made things convenient for fuel gas for example by the supply of existing natural gas fuel system to burner.
Those skilled in the art specification or enforcement the present invention below examination will understand other advantage of the present invention and new feature more.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the calcspar of embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 1 (b) and Fig. 1 (c) are the calcspars that is applicable to the dissimilar combustion chambers of Fig. 1 (a) embodiment;
Fig. 2 is a flow chart, shows the method for using liquid fuel or liquefied gas and burner according to embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a calcspar of being furnished with the gas turbine engine of liquid fuel or liquefied gas burner according to embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a flow chart, shows the method for using liquid fuel or liquefied gas and gas turbine engine according to embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 5 (a) is a calcspar of being furnished with the gas turbine engine of liquid fuel or liquefied gas burner according to embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 5 (b), (c), (d) and (e) be the calcspar of various chamber structures of the gas turbine engine of Fig. 5 (a); And
Fig. 6 is a flow chart, shows the method for using liquid fuel or liquefied gas and gas turbine engine according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
In conjunction with preferred combustion system embodiment the present invention is discussed.Listing detail, as the oxygen content of fuel type and air-flow, is in order to understand the present invention more up hill and dale.The preferred embodiment of this paper discussion should not be understood as that restriction the present invention.In addition, be easy understanding, some treatment step is divided into several steps; Yet these steps should not be interpreted as well-separated or relevant with its performance.
Herein, " vaporization " should be understood as that and be different from " gasification ".Gasification is meant following process: by making non-gaseous fuel (as coal) and surrounding air or oxygen-enriched stream partial reaction (for example burning), and non-gaseous fuel is changed into the process of fuel gas.On the contrary, owing to have the air-flow that oxygen content reduces for surrounding air, so the reaction of liquid fuel is suppressed basically in vaporescence of the present invention.
The present invention is considered to be specially adapted to poor fuel premix and pre-evaporation burner, therefore mainly discusses in conjunction with this point.Yet the present invention does not should be understood to and is subjected to this restriction.For example, the present invention also can be used for RQL (fuel-rich combustion-quick extinguishing-fuel-lean combustion (rich-quench-lean)) burner, partly-premixed combination burning device or diffusion flame burner.
Fig. 1 (a) is the calcspar of the combustion system of one embodiment of the invention, it comprises combustion chamber 5 (being also referred to as " burner " herein) commonly used, as the burner of combustion of liquid fuel or liquefied gas, such as but not limited to, turbogenerator or spark ignition or compression ignition engine.Shown in Fig. 1 (a), liquid fuel/liquified gas vaporization unit 1 is connected with combustion chamber 5.Reduced oxygen vaporized fuel stream 8 is supplied to combustion chamber 5 from vaporization unit 1.Oxygen flow 9 also is supplied to combustion chamber 5, as the air source.In one embodiment, combustion chamber 5 has the effect of suitable mixing vaporized fuel stream 8 and oxygen flow 9.
In certain embodiments, the temperature of vaporized fuel stream 8 needs enough high, so that in the process that is delivered to combustion chamber 5, vaporized fuel stream 8 remains on more than the dew point.In other embodiments, if vaporized fuel stream 8 distance that institute must process before arriving combustion chamber 5 enough lack, thereby do not have the enough time that obvious condensation takes place, the temperature of vaporized fuel stream 8 can be brought down below dew point so.In other embodiments, heating vaporized fuel stream 8 between vaporizer 4 and combustion chamber 5.
Described reduced oxygen 2 produces oxygen contents with respect to the air-flow that surrounding air reduces, and contains 21% the O of having an appointment usually
2In certain embodiments of the invention, the oxygen content of reduced oxygen gas stream is lower than limited oxygen index.Limited oxygen index (LOI) is the oxygen concentration in the local environment, is lower than this concentration material and does not support burning, and change with liquid fuel is different.LOI is about 10%～14% usually, is about 13% for multiple higher hydrocarbon fuel.The oxygen content of air flow source 2 reduces big more, and the inhibition that automatic igniting is subjected to is big more.Yet, need more merits (being energy) to prepare the air-flow of low oxygen content.This work done will reduce the gross efficiency of system.Therefore, in certain embodiments, the oxygen content of air flow source 2 is low to moderate just is enough to suppress the required amount of igniting automatically, can be to be higher or lower than LOI.In other embodiment of the present invention, described reduced oxygen 2 oxygen-frees.In some embodiments, the gas of reduced oxygen 2 supplies is inertia; In other embodiments, the gas from air flow source 2 contains hydrocarbon (for example methane and/or higher hydrocarbon).
The oxygen content reduction amount that is enough to suppress in the required air flow source 2 of igniting automatically depends on application-specific, particularly depends on following factor: such as fuel mass, mixing/vaporescence, boil-off gas flow to reach the combustion chamber temperature when it leaves vaporizer of the distance, vaporization air-flow of process, before burning the temperature of reduced oxygen gas stream/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, distance from the premixed district to the combustion zone in the combustion chamber.
As mentioned above, the combustion chamber 5 of Fig. 1 (a) can be the premixed combustor shown in Fig. 1 (b).Premixed combustor generally includes premixed district 5b-1, main combustion zone 5b-2, mesozone 5b-3 and dilution zone 5b-4.In premixed combustor, reduced oxygen vaporized fuel gas stream 8 is provided to premixed district 5b-1, and there with oxygen flow 9a (for example, air) premixed.Oxygen flow 9a is supplied among other district 5b-2,5b-3, the 5b-4 some or all usually.In the RQL burner, reduced oxygen vaporized fuel gas stream 8 is provided to mesozone 5b-3.Selectively, the combustion chamber 5 of Fig. 1 (a) can be the diffusion burner shown in Fig. 1 (c), and it comprises main combustion zone 5c-1, mesozone 5c-2 and dilution zone 5c-3.In typical diffusion combustor, reduced oxygen vaporized fuel gas stream 8 is provided to main combustion zone 5c-1, and burning in the presence of oxygen flow 9a there.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of liquid fuel/low-oxygen gas carburetion system according to an embodiment of the invention.In step 10, reduced oxygen gas stream and all be provided to the liquid fuel evaporation unit from the fuel of liquid fuel source stream.In step 11, the liquid fuel vaporization unit mixes and the supply stream of vaporizing.Vaporization energy can be by reduced oxygen gas stream or other energy supply.In step 12, can avoid the vaporized fuel stream of igniting automatically to be provided to the combustion chamber then by mixing with described reduced oxygen gas stream.In step 13, described combustion chamber uses the liquid fuel/reduced oxygen gas stream and the oxygen source that make to produce combustible mixture.
Another embodiment of combustion system of the present invention as shown in Figure 3.The combustion system of Fig. 3 comprises conventional gas turbine engine 14, it comprises that air compressor 15 (links to each other with combustion air source, Fig. 3 does not show), combustion chamber 5 (as mentioned above, it can be premixed or diffusion burner), turbine 16 and be used to discharge the passage 17 of emission.This turbogenerator 14 can be connected with any device, for example, is connected with generator 18 or other output, as the naval ship screw.In this embodiment, the part waste gas stream 20 from passage 17 is used to reduced oxygen gas stream is supplied to liquid fuel/liquified gas vaporization unit 21.Described liquid fuel/liquified gas vaporization unit 21 is connected with conventional gas turbine engine 14.This vaporization unit 21 comprises compressor 19, fuel vaporizer 4 and the liquid fuel/liquified gas source 3 of the described passage waste gas stream 20 that is used to pressurize, and it can be included in the described unit 21 or selectively be not included in the unit 21 but coupled.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of liquid fuel/low-oxygen gas carburetion system of using with turbine according to embodiments of the present invention.In step 25, the turbine exhaust stream of low oxygen content is provided to compressor.In step 26, described compressor pressurizes gas turbine exhaust stream.In step 27, the reduced oxygen gas stream and the liquid fuel stream of compressor output are provided to liquid fuel vaporizer.In step 28, described compressor output is mixed with described liquid fuel stream, with the described liquid fuel of vaporizing.In step 29, the vaporized liquid fuel stream of hypoxemia is supplied to the combustion chamber of gas turbine engine then.
In some preferred embodiment, described turbogenerator 14 is to use the existing poor fuel pre-mixing apparatus of natural gas, and described liquid fuel 3 is higher hydrocarbon liquid.Except above-mentioned automatic ignition problem, second problem is owing to using higher hydrocarbon fuel to cause in using the natural gas burning device, because higher hydrocarbon fuel has higher energy content than natural gas, therefore use the fuel gas distribution and the quantitative system of the engine of natural gas need change usually to use higher hydrocarbon fuel gases.Yet in preferred embodiments, gas vaporization unit 21 is used to reduced oxygen vaporized fuel gas is supplied to turbogenerator 14, does not therefore need to change the fuel gas compartment system of engine 14.This can be by mixing vaporized fuel with a certain amount of low-oxygen gas, the energy content of feasible reduced oxygen vaporized fuel gas from vaporizer 4 and the energy content of natural gas are quite realized.The quota of fuel method used according to engine 14, described energy content can volume or quality meter.In other embodiments, the energy content of hypoxemia fuel gas is higher or lower than natural gas, and the fuel distribution system is configured for the higher or lower gas of this energy content of burning.
For instance, the calorific value of fuel gas pact is proportional with the carbon number in the gas molecule.Therefore, pentane (C
5H
12) calorific value be about natural gas main component methane (CH
4) 5 times.If in Fig. 3 system, use the liquefaction pentane as liquid fuel, then need to construct vaporizer 4 and comprise the pentane gas of a vaporization and the fuel gas stream of four parts of low-oxygen gas, for use in the engine 14 of the fuel gas compartment system of being furnished with quantitative methane with the output by volume.
Fig. 5 a is depicted as another embodiment of combustion system of the present invention, and it comprises gas turbine engine 14, and this gas turbine engine comprises compressor 15, combustion chamber 5, turbine 16 and is used to discharge the passage 17 of emission.Turbine 16 can be connected with generator 18 or any other device, as the naval ship screw.The liquid fuel/liquified gas vaporization unit 31 of one embodiment of the invention is connected with gas turbine engine 14.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 a, unit 31 comprises air separator 32, auxiliary compressor 33, second compressor 34, fuel vaporizer 4 and liquid fuel/liquified gas source 3, and it can be included in the unit 31 or be not included in alternatively in the unit 31 but coupled.
Described air separator 32 sucks compressed air stream (or the compressed air in other source stream) from the compressor 15 of engine 14, output oxygen-enriched stream 41 and reduced oxygen gas stream 42, and the common air relatively of the latter contains a large amount of nitrogen.Various air separators are known in the art.In certain embodiments, air gas separation unit uses the method that is called as absorption to prepare oxygen-enriched stream 41 and reduced oxygen gas stream 42.In this embodiment, air stream can be compressed into 3 atmospheric pressure and be beneficial to separation.
In the embodiment of Fig. 5 a, compression oxygen-enriched stream 41 is injected combustion chamber 5 with the oxygen-enriched stream 43 of compression.Described reduced oxygen gas stream 42 is provided to auxiliary compressor 33, there pressurization.Then, the reduced oxygen gas stream 45 of resulting compression is provided to liquid fuel/liquified gas vaporization unit 4.Described liquid fuel/liquified gas vaporization unit 4 will at high temperature be mixed with the reduced oxygen gas stream 45 of compression from the liquid fuel/liquified gas material 6 of described liquid fuel/liquified gas source 3, with vaporized liquid fuel/liquefied gas.The reduced oxygen gas stream 45 of described compression and the mixing ratio of gas material 6 depend on the structure of liquid fuel 3 and engine 14.As mentioned above, can select described mixing ratio that higher hydrocarbon liquid 3 is used for the engine 14 of gas-firing, and not change the fuel distribution system of engine 14.Then, vaporization fuel/oxygen-reduced stream 8 is supplied to combustion chamber 5.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of liquid fuel/low-oxygen gas carburetion system of being used for turbine according to embodiments of the present invention.As shown in Figure 6, in step 51, in the suitable stage/and from the air compressor of gas turbine engine, extract compressed air out under the suitable pressure, be used for air gas separation unit.In step 52, air gas separation unit sucks compressed air stream, and produces oxygen-enriched stream and reduced oxygen gas stream.In one embodiment, oxygen-enriched stream is provided to first auxiliary compressor in step 53, first auxiliary compressor pressurization oxygen-enriched stream in step 54, and the oxygen-enriched stream of pressurization is injected into the combustion chamber in step 55 then.In certain embodiments, the flame front downstream that oxygen rich fuel stream is injected combustion chamber 5 (for example, the mesozone or the dilution zone of combustion chamber (premixed combustor as shown in Fig. 5 (b) and 5 (c)), or diffusion burner), to reduce the amount of pollutant that engine 14 produces.In other embodiments, oxygen rich fuel stream is mixed with combustion air from compressor 15, and described combustion air is provided in the main combustion zone of the combustion chamber 5 shown in Fig. 5 (d) (premixed combustor) and Fig. 5 (e) (diffusion burner).The opereating specification that this has widened the combustion chamber makes burning than under carry out (being fuel-lean combustion) at low equivalent, thereby reduces pollutant such as NO
XDischarging.In other embodiments, oxygen rich fuel stream is simply mixed with air from compressor 15, and is supplied in all districts of combustion chamber.
In step 56, be provided to second auxiliary compressor from the reduced oxygen gas stream of air gas separation unit, in step 57, the second auxiliary compressor described reduced oxygen gas stream of pressurizeing.Then in step 58, be supplied to the liquid fuel evaporation unit with resulting compressed oxygen-reduced air-flow with from the liquid fuel/liquid gas flow of liquid fuel source.In step 59, described liquid fuel evaporation unit at high temperature mixes the liquid fuel/liquid gas flow of supply and the reduced oxygen gas stream of described compression, with vaporized liquid fuel/liquid gas.In one embodiment of the invention, regulate the mixability of reduced oxygen gas stream and liquid fuel/liquified gas, with specific heat of combustion and/or quality or the volume flow rate specification that adapts to various liquid fuel/liquefied gas.In step 60, for example, vaporization fuel/oxygen-reduced stream is supplied to the combustion chamber then by existing turbine natural gas fuel system.
As mentioned above, certain embodiments of the present invention can prepare the hypoxemia fuel gas stream from liquid fuel, and it can be provided to and be used for the burn existing burner such as the gas turbine engine of other fuel such as natural gas, and need not change existing burner.This can realize by fuel gas is mixed the energy content that equals natural gas with the energy content that keeps fuel gas with the inertia reduced oxygen gas stream, the quantitative approach used according to burner, and described energy content is in volume or quality.In the existing burner of major part, can control the gas/combustion air ratio, so that the poorer fuel of mixture (lean) or few poor fuel.Other advantage of the present invention is, (being uniform temp, identical combustion air (or other oxygen-containing gas) supply etc.) under the same conditions, during than the equivalent proportion lower (poorer fuel) of methane, the vaporization higher hydrocarbon fuel of multiple hypoxemia can be burnt in equivalent proportion.For example, the aerial minimum equivalent proportion of methane is about 0.5 usually, and multiple higher hydrocarbon fuel can be burnt when aerial equivalent proportion is about 0.45.Use low equivalent than contaminant reducing such as NO
XDischarging.As mentioned above, by being added to from the oxygen-enriched stream of air separator in the embodiment of widening opereating specification in the combustion-supporting air flow, the operation equivalent proportion of burner can be lower therein.
In other embodiment of the present invention, can prepare the energy content hypoxemia fuel gas more higher or lower than natural gas.In this embodiment, if be used for the burner of gas-firing, the fuel distribution of burner/quantitative system needs suitably to change so.
In conjunction with above-mentioned advantage the embodiment of the invention has been described now.Be appreciated that these embodiment only are explanation the present invention.Those skilled in the art obviously can make numerous modifications and variations.
Claims (114)
1. method of operating burner, this method comprises the steps:
Use comprises the liquid fuel of hydrocarbon molecules and first air-flow that oxygen content is lower than surrounding air prepares fuel gas;
The described fuel gas of premixed and second gas prepare admixture of gas with the upstream position in the combustion zone of burner, and described second gas comprises oxygen; With
The described admixture of gas of burning in the combustion zone of described burner, thus the automatic igniting of the admixture of gas of upstream, described combustion zone is suppressed basically.
2. the method for claim 1, the oxygen content of wherein said admixture of gas is enough to support the burning of described admixture of gas.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein said admixture of gas are equivalent proportions less than 1 lean fuel mixture.
4. the method for claim 1, the hydrocarbon molecules of at least 50 weight % has at least two carbon atoms in the wherein said liquid fuel.
5. the method for claim 1, the oxygen content of wherein said first air-flow is lower than the limited oxygen index of described liquid fuel.
6. the method for claim 1, wherein said burner comprises the quota of fuel system that is used for natural gas.
7. the method for claim 1, wherein said first air-flow is by the air separator supply.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said air separator prepares described first air-flow by absorption.
9. method as claimed in claim 7, it also comprises the step that the oxygen-enriched stream from described air separator is supplied to described burner.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said oxygen-enriched stream are provided to the downstream, combustion zone of described burner.
11. method as claimed in claim 9 is wherein mixed described oxygen-enriched stream and described hypoxemia fuel gas in pre-blend step.
12. the method for claim 1, wherein said reduced oxygen gas stream is from the waste gas of premix burner.
13. the method for claim 1, wherein said reduced oxygen gas stream is from the waste gas of described burner.
14. the method for claim 1, the equivalent proportion of wherein said admixture of gas are lower than the minimum equivalent proportion that methane can burn under the same operation condition.
15. the method for claim 1, wherein said liquid fuel is a diesel fuel.
16. the method for claim 1, wherein said liquid fuel is a fuel oil.
17. the method for claim 1, wherein said liquid fuel is a butane.
18. the method for claim 1, wherein said liquid fuel is a propane.
19. the method for claim 1, wherein said liquid fuel is a pentane.
20. the method for claim 1, wherein said liquid fuel is a gasoline.
21. the method for claim 1, wherein said liquid fuel are the inflammability liquid wastes.
22. the method for claim 1, wherein said burner is a gas turbine engine.
23. a method of operating the burner that is used for gas-firing in poor fuel premixed mode, this method comprises the steps:
The air-flow that uses oxygen content the to be lower than surrounding air higher hydrocarbon liquid of vaporizing is with preparation hypoxemia fuel gas;
The described hypoxemia fuel gas of premixed and second gas, form admixture of gas with upstream, combustion zone at burner, the oxygen content of described admixture of gas is enough to support the burning of described admixture of gas, the equivalent proportion of described admixture of gas is less than 1, and described burner is through being designed for gas-firing; And
The described admixture of gas of burning in the combustion zone of described burner, thus the automatic igniting of the admixture of gas of upstream, described combustion zone is suppressed basically.
24. method as claimed in claim 23, wherein said air-flow come from the waste gas stream of described burner.
25. method as claimed in claim 23, wherein said air-flow is by the air separator unit supply.
26. method as claimed in claim 23 wherein will be sent into described burner from the oxygen-enriched stream of described air separator unit.
27. a combustion system, it comprises:
Burner, this burner comprises import, combustion zone that receives vaporized fuel and the premixed district that is positioned at this upstream, combustion zone, described burner to mix described vaporized fuel and oxygen flow in the premixed district, is suitable for the mixture that burns through design in described combustion zone with preparation; With
The carburretion unit that is connected with the import of described burner, this carburretion unit is supplied to described burner by described import with reduced oxygen vaporized fuel gas stream, described carburretion unit comprises fuel vaporizer, and it comprises first import that can link to each other with liquid fuel source and second import that can link to each other with reduced oxygen gas stream.
28. system as claimed in claim 27, wherein said burner through design to be used for the reduced oxygen vaporized fuel gas of burning under less than 1 equivalent proportion.
29. system as claimed in claim 27, wherein the hydrocarbon molecules of at least 50 weight % has at least two carbon atoms in from the liquid fuel of described liquid fuel source.
30. system as claimed in claim 27, the oxygen content of wherein said reduced oxygen gas stream is lower than the limited oxygen index of described liquid fuel.
31. system as claimed in claim 27, wherein said burner comprises the quota of fuel system that is used for natural gas.
32. system as claimed in claim 27, wherein said carburretion unit also comprises air gas separation unit, and to prepare reduced oxygen gas stream in first outlet, this first outlet links to each other with second import of described fuel vaporizer described air gas separation unit through design.
33. system as claimed in claim 32, wherein said air separator is by the described reduced oxygen gas stream of absorption preparation.
34. system as claimed in claim 32, also through designing to be used for preparing oxygen-enriched stream in second outlet, described second outlet links to each other with described burner wherein said air gas separation unit.
35. system as claimed in claim 34 wherein connects described second outlet, described oxygen-enriched stream is supplied to the downstream, combustion zone of described burner.
36. system as claimed in claim 34 wherein connects described second outlet, described oxygen-enriched stream is supplied to the premixed district of described burner.
37. system as claimed in claim 27, wherein said reduced oxygen gas stream is from the waste gas stream of described burner output.
38. system as claimed in claim 27, wherein said burner is through designing to mix described vaporized fuel and described oxygen flow, so that the equivalent proportion of gained mixture is lower than the minimum equivalent proportion that methane can burn under the same operation condition.
39. system as claimed in claim 27, wherein said liquid fuel is a liquid gas, and this liquid gas is to be the composition of gaseous state under room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
40. system as claimed in claim 27, wherein said liquid fuel is the fuel that is selected from diesel fuel, fuel oil, liquefied butane, liquefied propane, liquefaction pentane, gasoline and inflammability liquid wastes.
41. system as claimed in claim 27, wherein said burner is a gas turbine engine.
42. system as claimed in claim 27, wherein said burner is fuel-rich combustion-extinguishing fast-fuel-lean combustion device.
43. a method for preparing the fuel gas stream of anti-igniting automatically, it comprises the step that vaporized liquid fuel and oxygen content are mixed less than the reduced oxygen gas stream of surrounding air.
44. method as claimed in claim 43, the oxygen content of wherein said reduced oxygen gas stream is lower than the limited oxygen index of described vaporized liquid fuel.
45. method as claimed in claim 43 is wherein mixed described vaporized liquid fuel and described reduced oxygen gas stream, makes the energy content of gained fuel gas stream approximate the energy content of natural gas.
46. method as claimed in claim 45, wherein the energy content of the described fuel gas stream of by volume approximates the energy content of natural gas.
47. method as claimed in claim 45, the energy content of wherein described in mass fuel gas stream approximates the energy content of natural gas.
48. a method for preparing the fuel gas stream of anti-igniting automatically, it comprises the step of using oxygen content to come vaporized liquid fuel less than the reduced oxygen gas stream of surrounding air.
49. method as claimed in claim 48, the oxygen content of wherein said reduced oxygen gas stream is lower than the limited oxygen index corresponding to described liquid fuel.
50. method as claimed in claim 48 is wherein mixed described liquid fuel and described reduced oxygen gas stream, so that the energy content of described fuel gas stream approximates the energy content of natural gas.
51. method as claimed in claim 48, wherein the energy content of the described fuel gas stream of by volume approximates the energy content of natural gas.
52. method as claimed in claim 48, the energy content of wherein described in mass fuel gas stream approximates the energy content of natural gas.
53. a carburretion unit, it comprises:
Fuel vaporizer;
The liquefied fuel source that is connected with this fuel vaporizer is used to provide liquefied fuel stream; And
The low oxygen body source that is connected with described fuel vaporizer is used to provide low-oxygen gas stream;
Wherein said fuel vaporizer prepares vaporized fuel by described liquefied fuel and described low-oxygen gas.
54. carburretion as claimed in claim 53 unit, wherein said fuel vaporizer is connected with the combustion chamber that is used to receive prepared vaporized fuel.
55. vaporization unit as claimed in claim 54, wherein said combustion chamber is connected with oxygenous body source, to receive oxygen-containing gas stream.
56. carburretion as claimed in claim 55 unit wherein mixes and burn described oxygen-containing gas and described vaporized fuel in described combustion chamber.
57. carburretion as claimed in claim 53 unit, wherein said low oxygen body source comprises air compressor.
58. carburretion as claimed in claim 57 unit, wherein said air compressor receives materials flow from waste gas stream.
59. carburretion as claimed in claim 58 unit, wherein said fuel vaporizer links to each other with engine.
60. carburretion as claimed in claim 59 unit, wherein said engine comprises turbine.
61. carburretion as claimed in claim 59 unit, wherein said engine is selected from compression ignition engine and spark ignition engine.
62. containing, carburretion as claimed in claim 59 unit, wherein said engine be useful on the waste gas that produces described waste gas stream.
63. carburretion as claimed in claim 59 unit, wherein said engine comprises the combustion chamber.
64. as the described carburretion of claim 63 unit, wherein said fuel vaporizer links to each other with the combustion chamber of described engine.
65. carburretion as claimed in claim 59 unit, wherein said engine links to each other with output device.
66. as the described carburretion of claim 65 unit, wherein said output device is selected from generator, propeller and screw.
67. a carburretion unit, it comprises:
Fuel vaporizer;
The liquefied fuel source that is connected with this fuel vaporizer is used to provide liquefied fuel stream; And
Air separator, it comprises the low-oxygen gas flow export, this low-oxygen gas flow export links to each other with described fuel vaporizer;
Wherein said fuel vaporizer prepares vaporized fuel by described liquefied fuel and described low-oxygen gas stream.
68. as the described carburretion of claim 67 unit, wherein said air separator links to each other with described fuel vaporizer by first compressor.
69. as the described carburretion of claim 68 unit, the described low-oxygen gas stream of wherein said first compressor compresses.
70. as the described carburretion of claim 67 unit, wherein the vaporized fuel from described fuel vaporizer is provided to engine.
71. as the described fuel mix device of claim 70, wherein said engine is selected from compression ignition engine and spark ignition engine.
72. as the described carburretion of claim 67 unit, wherein said air separator has oxygen-enriched stream output.
73. as the described carburretion of claim 72 unit, wherein the vaporized fuel from described fuel vaporizer is provided to the combustion chamber.
74. as the described carburretion of claim 73 unit, the output of the oxygen-enriched stream of wherein said air separator is admitted to described combustion chamber.
75. as the described carburretion of claim 73 unit, the output of the oxygen-enriched stream of wherein said air separator is sent into described combustion chamber by second compressor.
76. as the described carburretion of claim 73 unit, wherein said combustion chamber produces the burning output that is supplied to turbine.
77. as the described carburretion of claim 76 unit, wherein said turbine driven compressor.
78. as the described carburretion of claim 77 unit, wherein said compressor has Compressed Gas output, described Compressed Gas output is provided to described air separator.
79. as the described carburretion of claim 78 unit, wherein said compressor compresses air.
80., wherein send into described air separator from the interstage extraction compressed air of this compressor and with it as the described carburretion of claim 75 unit.
81. a method for preparing vaporized fuel, this method comprises:
Reduced oxygen gas stream is supplied to fuel vaporizer;
Liquid fuel is supplied to described fuel vaporizer;
With the described vaporizer unit described liquid fuel of vaporizing; And
Mix described reduced oxygen gas stream and vaporized liquid fuel with described vaporizer unit.
82. as the described method of claim 81, the low-oxygen gas and the vaporized fuel of wherein said mixing are provided to engine.
83. as the described method of claim 81, the low-oxygen gas and the vaporized fuel of wherein said mixing are provided to the combustion chamber.
84. as the described method of claim 83, wherein said combustion chamber receives oxygen flow, mix and burn described oxygen flow and described low-oxygen gas that mixes and vaporized fuel wherein said combustion chamber.
85. as the described method of claim 81, wherein said reduced oxygen gas stream comprises waste gas.
86. as the described method of claim 85, wherein said waste gas is produced by engine.
87. as the described method of claim 86, wherein said engine is selected from spark ignition engine and compression ignition engine.
88. as the described method of claim 86, wherein said engine comprises the combustion chamber.
89. as the described method of claim 88, wherein said combustion chamber produces burning output, described burning output is provided to output device.
90. as the described method of claim 89, wherein said output device comprises turbine.
91. as the described method of claim 90, wherein said turbine produces described waste gas.
92. as the described method of claim 81, it also comprises: compress described reduced oxygen gas stream.
93., wherein use air separator to produce described reduced oxygen gas stream as the described method of claim 81.
94. as the described method of claim 93, it also comprises:
Compress described reduced oxygen gas stream.
95. as the described method of claim 93, the low-oxygen gas and the vaporized fuel of wherein said mixing are provided to engine.
96. as the described method of claim 95, wherein said engine is selected from spark ignition engine and compression ignition engine.
97. as the described method of claim 95, wherein said engine comprises the combustion chamber.
98. as the described method of claim 95, wherein said engine comprises gas turbine engine.
99. as the described method of claim 95, wherein said air separator produces oxygen-enriched stream.
100. as the described method of claim 99, it also comprises:
Compress described oxygen-enriched stream.
101. as the described method of claim 99, wherein prepared oxygen-enriched stream is provided to described engine.
102. as the described method of claim 101, wherein said engine comprises compressor, wherein said compressor produces Compressed Gas output.
103. as the described method of claim 102, wherein said Compressed Gas output is admitted to described air separator.
104., wherein be supplied to described air separator from the interstage extraction compressed air of described compressor and with it as the described method of claim 102.
105. a method of operating burner, this method comprises the steps:
Use comprises the liquid fuel of hydrocarbon molecules and air-flow that oxygen content is lower than surrounding air prepares fuel gas; And
The described fuel gas of burning in the combustion zone of described burner, wherein the thermal capacitance by described reduced oxygen gas stream reduces flame temperature, thereby reduces NO
XEmission.
106. as the described method of claim 105, wherein said burner uses diffusion flame.
107. as the described method of claim 105, wherein the hydrocarbon molecules of at least 50 weight % has at least two carbon atoms in described liquid fuel.
108. as the described method of claim 105, the oxygen content of wherein said low-oxygen gas is lower than the limited oxygen index of described liquid fuel.
109. as the described method of claim 105, wherein said burner comprises the quota of fuel system that is used for natural gas.
110. as the described method of claim 105, wherein said reduced oxygen gas stream is by the air separator supply.
111. as the described method of claim 110, wherein said air separator prepares described reduced oxygen gas stream by absorption.
112. as the described method of claim 110, it also comprises the step that the oxygen-enriched stream from described air separator is supplied to described burner.
113. as the described method of claim 112, wherein said oxygen-enriched stream is provided to the downstream, combustion zone of described burner.
114. as the described method of claim 105, wherein said reduced oxygen gas stream is by the premix burner supply.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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| US41718402P | 2002-10-10 | 2002-10-10 | |
| US60/417,184 | 2002-10-10 | ||
| US60/430,653 | 2002-12-04 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007101668246A Division CN101187477B (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2003-10-10 | System for vaporization of liquid fuels for combustion and method of use |
Publications (2)
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| CN1726371A true CN1726371A (en) | 2006-01-25 |
| CN100354565C CN100354565C (en) | 2007-12-12 |
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| CN2007101668246A Expired - Lifetime CN101187477B (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2003-10-10 | System for vaporization of liquid fuels for combustion and method of use |
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| CN2007101668246A Expired - Lifetime CN101187477B (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2003-10-10 | System for vaporization of liquid fuels for combustion and method of use |
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| ZA (1) | ZA200502871B (en) |
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| US8225611B2 (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2012-07-24 | Lpp Combustion, Llc | System for vaporization of liquid fuels for combustion and method of use |
| CN101437780B (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2013-03-13 | Lpp燃料有限公司 | Integrated system and method for production and vaporization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for combustion |
| US8529646B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2013-09-10 | Lpp Combustion Llc | Integrated system and method for production and vaporization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for combustion |
| US8702420B2 (en) | 2004-12-08 | 2014-04-22 | Lpp Combustion, Llc | Method and apparatus for conditioning liquid hydrocarbon fuels |
| CN104234864A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2014-12-24 | 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 | Gas closing engine |
| CN104373246A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-02-25 | 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 | Gas-driving-closed piston type engine |
| CN105042617A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-11-11 | 安徽启东热能科技有限公司 | High-power ultrasonic wave liquid fuel gasification device |
| CN106855246A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-16 | 深圳市华晋源环境投资控股有限公司 | A kind of conversion of pentane supplies combustion system into gas |
| CN109596803A (en) * | 2018-12-09 | 2019-04-09 | 西安科技大学 | The principal component Multiple Regression Analysis Method of methane explosion minimum oxygen concentration Intrusion Index |
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| US8713947B2 (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2014-05-06 | General Electric Company | Power plant with gas separation system |
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| US9803854B2 (en) | 2004-12-08 | 2017-10-31 | Lpp Combustion, Llc. | Method and apparatus for conditioning liquid hydrocarbon fuels |
| US8702420B2 (en) | 2004-12-08 | 2014-04-22 | Lpp Combustion, Llc | Method and apparatus for conditioning liquid hydrocarbon fuels |
| US8529646B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2013-09-10 | Lpp Combustion Llc | Integrated system and method for production and vaporization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for combustion |
| CN101437780B (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2013-03-13 | Lpp燃料有限公司 | Integrated system and method for production and vaporization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for combustion |
| CN104234864A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2014-12-24 | 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 | Gas closing engine |
| CN104373246A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-02-25 | 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 | Gas-driving-closed piston type engine |
| CN104234864B (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2016-03-16 | 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 | Gas closed engine |
| CN105042617A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-11-11 | 安徽启东热能科技有限公司 | High-power ultrasonic wave liquid fuel gasification device |
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| CN113586256A (en) * | 2020-05-01 | 2021-11-02 | 通用电气公司 | Fuel delivery system with fuel oxygen reduction unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100354565C (en) | 2007-12-12 |
| CN101187477B (en) | 2011-03-30 |
| CN101187477A (en) | 2008-05-28 |
| ZA200502871B (en) | 2006-06-28 |
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