CN1720396A - Combination of a chamber and a piston, a pump, a shock absorber, a transducer, a motor and a power unit incorporating the combination - Google Patents

Abstract

A piston-chamber combination comprising an elongate chamber which is bounded by an inner chamber wall, and comprising a piston in said chamber to be sealingly movable relative to said chamber wall at least between a first longitudinal position and a second longitudinal position of the chamber, said chamber having cross-sections of different cross-sectional areas and different circumferential lengths at the first and second longitudinal positions, and at least substantially continuously different cross-sectional areas and circumferential lengths at intermediate longitudinal positions between the first and second longitudinal positions, the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said second longitudinal position being smaller than the cross-sectional area and circumferential length at said first longitudinal position, said piston comprising a container which is elastically deformable thereby providing for different cross-sectional areas and circumferential lengths of the piston adapting the same to said different cross-sectional areas and different circumferential lengths of the chamber during the relative movements of the piston between the first and second longitudinal positions through said intermediate longitudinal positions of the chamber. The piston is produced to have a production-size of the container in the stress-free and undeformed state thereof in which the circumferential length of the piston is approximately equivalent to the circumferential length of said chamber at said second longitudinal position, the container being expandable from its production size in a direction transversally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the chamber thereby providing for an expansion of the piston from the production size thereof during the relative movements of the piston from said second longitudinal position to said first longitudinal position.

Description

The assemblying body of cavity and piston and the pump, vibration damper, transducer, motor and the power unit that adopt this assemblying body

Technical field

A kind of piston-cavity assemblying body, it comprises a slender cavity that is defined by an inner chamber body wall, and this assemblying body also comprises and comprises a piston, this piston is located in the described cavity, can between first and second lengthwise positions of described cavity, moving hermetically at least by described relatively cavity, the cross section of described cavity has different cross sectional areas and circumferential lengths at the first and second lengthwise position places of described cavity, and the central longitudinal between first and second lengthwise positions of cavity has continuous at least substantially different cross sectional areas and circumferential lengths to the position, and at the cross sectional area at the first lengthwise position place greater than cross sectional area at the second lengthwise position place, described piston comprises that having the elastically deformable chamber wall is used to be sealedly connected on cavity volume on the cavity inner wall, cross sectional area and circumferential lengths that this cavity volume is expanded and provides different by resiliently deformable and piston.Be tightly connected with cavity inner wall, described cavity volume is flexible, deformable, so that piston is when described first, second lengthwise position that runs through described inside cavity lengthwise position relevant mobile, the different cross sectional areas and different circumferential lengths that provide different cross sectional area of described piston and different circumferential lengths to adapt to described cavity.

Gas charging valve is Dunlop-Woods valve, Sclaverand valve and Schneider (Schrader) valve.These valves are used for the cavity of inflation sealing, for example tire of vehicle.The valve of latter two type of being mentioned is provided with the spool pin of spring force operation, and can sell and open valve with inflation or shrink cavity by depressing this.Depressing this spool pin can be by manual activation, realize by the pressure of fluid or by valve actuator.The valve of preceding two kinds of described types can only be opened by the pressure of fluid, and the valve of last described the sort of type is then preferably opened by valve actuator, because otherwise can need very big pressure to depress valve pin.

Background technique

The present invention relates to address the problem: enough low the making of the frictional force of acquisition avoided blocking at least, especially at the piston with elastically deformable cavity wall cavity and in stroke the wall of elongation cavity, described cavity has the size of varying cross-section area in the vertical, when piston was mobile hermetically in above-mentioned cavity, they had different circumferential lengths especially.

The embodiment's of WO 00/70227 shown in Fig. 6, the 8-12 (being included in this) problem may be: piston may block in the smaller cross-sectional area of the cavity of the cross section that different circumferential size are arranged.Blocking may be because the high frictional force of piston material produces.These power may mainly be because piston piston when moving to less second lengthwise position of cross sectional area from having first lengthwise position big cross sectional area, the cavity (a part) pressurizeed and produce.Fig. 1-3 (being included in this) shows the example that is with or without the high frictional force of the not moving piston that comprises a cavity volume under the internal pressure in about non-motion cavity.This has caused the high contact pressure between piston and the cavity wall, blocks and may take place.

The another one problem may be: the embodiment of the piston that comprises a cavity volume of WO 00/70227 may their fluid of seepage, thereby may change their sealing suitability.As in the solution about the foregoing problems of the piston that comprises the cavity volume with elastically deformable wall, sealing force is produced by internal pressure, and seepage may remain a great problem.

Goal of the invention

Target of the present invention provides the assemblying body of a piston and a cavity, when cavity has different cross sectional areas and at least when the circumferential lengths of these cross sections not simultaneously, the movable piece of described assemblying body can slide hermetically.

In first aspect, the present invention relates to the assemblying body of a piston and a cavity, wherein:

It is expandable that cavity volume is made into elasticity, and the circumferential lengths of its manufacturing dimension is unstressed and no deformation state, approximately equates with the cavity inner wall circumferential lengths of the described second lengthwise position place cavity volume.

In the context of this article, cross section is preferably (=laterally) perpendicular to longitudinal axis intercepting.

Preferably, second cross sectional area is the 98-5% of first cross sectional area, as 95-70%.Under certain conditions, second cross sectional area is roughly 50% of first cross sectional area.

In order to realize that such assemblying body can use many different technology.With follow-up aspect of the present invention these technology are described further explicitly.

A kind of such technology is: wherein piston comprises a cavity volume, and this cavity volume comprises a deformable material.

Under these circumstances, deformable material can be the mixture of a fluid or the fluid such as water, steam and/or gas, or foamed material.This material or its part are compressible, and as the mixture of gas or water and gas, perhaps it can be incompressible at least substantially.Deformable material can also be the device that elastic force can be provided as spring.

Therefore, cavity volume can provide sealing to the cavity wall with varying cross-section area and different circumferential lengths by adjustable ground.

This can be by equating being chosen as roughly as manufacturing dimension (unstressed, distortion) of piston and expand it and be connected it in the other direction when moving when moving to a lengthwise position of big circumferential lengths and realize with the circumferential lengths of the cross-sectional area part of cavity cross section.

And this can keep certain sealing force of described piston and cavity wall to realize by generator: the internal pressure by keeping described piston makes it can keep weighing apparatus fixed in stroke at (a) a certain predeterminated level.The stress level of a certain size depends on the circumferential lengths of varying cross-section, and may the circumferential lengths with minimum obtain suitable sealing on cross section.If difference is bigger, and suitable stress level is too high to obtain the appropriate seal on minimum circumferential lengths, may can arrange to change pressure in stroke.This requires piston to carry out the pressure arrangement.Material as commercial use is not tight usually, specifically, when too high pressure may be used, must be able to bear and keeps this pressure, the valve of the purpose that for example is used to expand.When using the spring force operation equipment with acquisition pressure, valve can be not necessarily.

When cross sectional area changed, the volume of cavity volume also can change.Therefore, in passing through the cross section of longitudinal direction, cavity volume may have one first shape and at the second lengthwise position place one second shape be arranged at the first lengthwise position place, and first shape may be different from second shape.In a kind of situation, to the deformable material of small part be compressible, and the area of first shape is bigger than the area of second shape.In this case, the total measurement (volume) of cavity volume changes, so fluid should be compressible.Alternative or optionally, piston can comprise an enclosed space that is communicated with the deformable cavity volume, described enclosed space has variable volume.By this way, when the volume-variation of deformable cavity volume, this enclosed space can suck or release fluids.The variation of the volume of cavity volume is exactly self-adjustable.This also can make the pressure in the cavity volume keep constant in stroke.

Equally, enclosed space can comprise the piston of a spring bias voltage.This spring can limit the pressure in the piston.The volume of enclosed space changes.By this way, just can change the total pressure or the maximum/pressure minimum of cavity volume.

When enclosed space by on when being divided into one first and one second enclosed space, all spaces also comprise and are used for limiting the volume of first enclosed space so that the device of the pressure correlation in the hydrodynamic pressure of first enclosed space and second enclosed space.A mentioned back space can be inflatable, for example by means of a valve, be preferably a gas charging valve such as Schneider (Schrader) valve.May descend by pressure by chamber wall cavity volume owing to for example leak, make the expansion of second enclosed space reach balance by device for limiting.Described device for limiting can be a pair of valve, each comfortable enclosed space.

Device for limiting can be suitable in stroke the pressure in first enclosed space being defined as substantially constant at least.But, this device for limiting can limit any stress level: for example, cavity volume be expanded to the big cross sectional area at the first lengthwise position place so that under existing force value contact area and/or contact pressure may become too hour, may need boost pressure, to keep suitable sealing.This device for limiting can be a pair of pistons, and each enclosed space is provided with one.Second enclosed space can be inflated to a certain stress level, although so that the cavity volume of second enclosed space may also become greatly, the pressure that rises still can be communicated to first enclosed space.This can realize by for example being included in the piston in second enclosed space and the assemblying body of a cavity in piston rod, that have the varying cross-section area.Also can design the decline of pressure.

The pressure of piston is controlled also can be by making the hydrodynamic pressure and relevant realization of hydrodynamic pressure in the cavity in the enclosed space.The device of the volume by being provided for limiting the enclosed space that is communicated with cavity.By this way, the pressure of deformable cavity volume is transformable, to obtain a sealing that is fit to.For example, a kind of simple mode is to make device for limiting be suitable for rising at the pressure that cavity volume limits the enclosed space when second lengthwise position moves to first lengthwise position.Under this mode, can provide the simple piston of one between two pressure (so that not spilling any fluid in the deformable cavity volume).

In fact, the use of this piston can limit any relation between pressure, because the cavity of piston translation therein may be tapered in the mode identical with the main cavity of assembly parts.

Also can change the volume and/or the pressure of cavity volume to the direct transferable device of cavity volume from piston rod.Described piston is not communicated with (shutdown system) or has or be communicated with gas charging valve is possible.When piston does not possess a gas charging valve, the material of chamber wall may be the non-infiltration of fluid.When fill fluid in piston and after being arranged on described second lengthwise position of cavity, a step of installation process can make the volume of cavity volume close forever.The available mobile possibility of big fluid that will depend on not too many friction towards and away from described first speed of closing cavity of piston.The chamber wall will have suitable flowing when piston has gas charging valve.

Cavity volume can come inflation by pressure source in piston or outside pressure source, is exactly pressure source as a pressure source and/or a cavity self in the assembly parts outside.All solutions all require a valve that is communicated with piston.It preferably can be a gas charging valve, is a Schneider (Schrader) valve best, or common the valve with elastic force operation spool.Such valve is provided with the spool pin of a spring bias voltage, and with piston in pressure independent close, and various fluid all can flow and passes it.But it also can be the valve of other type, for example a unidirectional Yan.

Cavity volume can come inflation by an enclosed space, and the regulating piston of its medi-spring bias voltage is worked as an one-way valve.Fluid can be from a pressure source for example a pressure outside source or flow pipe tunnel the bearing of the piston rod pass spring biased plunger of an exterior pressure vessel for example.

When enclosed space was divided into one first and second enclosed space, when second enclosed space may stop when passing it and being inflated to first enclosed space, inflation also can utilize as the cavity of pressure source and realize.Cavity can be provided with a suction valve in its bottom.For the inflation of cavity volume, can use a gas charging valve, a Schneider (Schrader) valve for example with an actuator.This can be the actuator pin according to WO 96/10903 or WO 97/43570, perhaps according to WO 99/26002US5, and 094,263 valve actuator.The core pin of valve moves to cavity when closing.The advantage that described actuator pin in the open text in the world of above-mentioned reference has is: the power of opening elastic force operation spool is very little, makes the expansion of manually-operable pump be easy to carry out.Actuator in the described U. S. Patent can need the power of common compressor.

When the working pressure in cavity was higher than pressure in the piston, piston is inflation automatically.

When the working pressure in cavity is lower than pressure in the piston, need obtain a higher pressure by the petcock that for example temporarily is closed in cavity bottom.If this valve is one can be by means of a Schneider (Schrader) valve of opening according to the valve actuator of WO 99/26002, then realize in this space that can connect between cavity and valve actuator and the spool pin by the bypass that channel form is set.This bypass is opened (Schneider (Schrader) valve can keep cutting out) and is closed (Schneider (Schrader) valve can be opened), and can finish by a for example movable piston.The motion of this piston can for example manually be provided with by a pedal, by an operator described pedal is turned to one around one from a unactuated position and activates position or conversely.This also can be by realizing as other device that is started actuator and so on by the pressure measurements in cavity and/or cavity volume.

In cavity volume, obtain predetermined pressure and can realize manually that the operator is known situation from the pressure meter of measuring pressure cavity volume.It also can automatically be realized, for example passes through the relief valve in the cavity volume, release fluids when hydrodynamic pressure is provided with above pressure maximum.It also can be finished by the lid of spring force operation, the passage when described lid surpasses a certain scheduled pressure value at pressure above the cut-off valve actuator.Another kind of scheme is the similar a kind of scheme of scheme with the closed bypass of cavity petcock, in cavity volume, may need to carry out pressure measurement, it can handle an actuator, opens and closes the bypass according to the valve actuator of WO 99/26002 of a Schneider (Schrader) valve of cavity volume under a scheduled pressure value.

Such scheme can be applicable to any piston that comprises a cavity volume, comprises those pistons in WO00/65235 and WO 00/70277.

Above-mentioned technology is meant and comprises a cavity volume that in piston this cavity volume comprises the chamber wall of an elastically deformable.

By the reinforcing portion of selecting one can make the three-dimensional expansion of chamber wall and shrink, chamber wall can be expanded and shrink.Described chamber wall can take place by the size that changes a cross section circumferential lengths.Therefore, between chamber wall and cavity wall, do not keep unnecessary material.Select a suitable reinforcing portion can tolerate in order to limit contact length (longitudinal tensile strain) to the influence of the pressure in the piston upper chamber body.The reinforcing portion of chamber wall can place also and can be not interposing in the chamber wall.

The reinforcing portion of chamber wall can be made by a kind of textile material.It can be one deck, but preferably is can be cross one another two-layer at least, and reinforcing portion can more easily be installed like this.These the layer can, as being woven.Because braided wire is wanted closely to place different layers mutually, so these lines can be made by elastic material.As at two-layer elastic material, as rubber, between, layer can cure.When cavity volume has manufacturing dimension, the elastic material of wall not only, reinforcing portion does not all have stress undeformed yet.The expansion of the chamber wall of reinforcing means that the distance (i.e. Feng size) between the point of intersection can become longer because of the prolongation of line, can make the size of seam become shorter because of the shortening of line and shrink.Chamber wall can realize by suitably pressurizeing to cavity volume to the sealing of cavity wall.At this, line is grown a bit a little just can make the size of seam become more longer.The connection of chamber wall can forbid that internal pressure enlarges cavity volume in following a kind of mode, and promptly the length of Lian Jieing will become long especially, and can eliminate above-mentioned pressure by compressing.

Through the braiding reinforcing portion can, as making by elasticity thread and/or elastic bending line.The expansion of chamber wall can realize by the curved section that stretches braided fabric.And when chamber wall was shunk, the above-mentioned curved section that is extended can be got back to undeformed state.

Textile system reinforcing portion can be produced on production line, and at this, or the reinforcing portion of compiling or knitting places between two elastomeric layers with cylindrical shape.In the cylindrical body of minimum, place a supporter, above it on-time-on-under order lid is housed, described lid can move on on the above support.End at production line is equipped with a vulcanizing oven.The size and dimension that has cavity volume in the stove with unstressed and deformation-free state.Stove inner cylinder part can be cropped along length, forms two lids at the cylindrical body two ends and be maintained at that.Stove is closed, and injects steam and high pressure more than 100 ℃.Approximately after 1-2 minute, stove is opened, and the chamber wall of preparing to produce that has two lids cures in wall.In order to use minute boot time of sulfuration, may have a plurality of stoves, as rotation or transform, and finish at the end of production line.On production line, can there be a plurality of stoves to use the carriage guide time as cure time.

The production of the fiber reinforced wall of cavity volume also can be of this sort finish.Reinforced fibers can be passed through, as pours into formula casting and comprise an assembling slot, perhaps produces by cutting a line, is placed in the two ends of assembling slot after this line.Two kinds of selections all can easily be produced continuously.For remainder, production process is similar to the production of above-mentioned relevant textile system reinforcing portion.

The piston that comprises an elastically deformable cavity volume also comprises reinforcing portion, described reinforcing portion, as the elastic arm that much can maybe cannot expand, be not placed in wall that chamber wall is connected in.In the time can expanding, reinforcing portion can work because of the distortion that chamber pressure limits chamber wall.

Another selection is that a reinforcing portion is arranged outside chamber wall.

Another aspect of the present invention is the combination about a piston and a cavity, wherein:

Cavity refers to an elongation cavity with longitudinal axis,

-piston can move to first lengthwise position from second lengthwise position in cavity at least,

-along the part cavity inner wall between first and second lengthwise positions at least, cavity has the elastically deformable inwall,

-be placed in first lengthwise position when piston, cavity has first cross-section area, when piston is placed in second lengthwise position, cavity has second cross-section area, first cross-section area is bigger than second cross-section area, mobile between first and second lengthwise positions when piston, the variation of cavity cross section is continuous substantially between first and second lengthwise positions at least.

So in the combination as selection, piston adapts to the variation of cavity cross section, this aspect is related to the cavity with adaptive faculty.

Nature, piston is by incoercible material at least substantially, and perhaps one adapts to piston by adapting to combination that cavity constitutes and one, for example according to a piston of above-mentioned aspect, and makes.

Preferably, piston has a shape on the cross section of the longitudinal axis, and this shape is being tapering on the direction of second lengthwise position.

It is to have such cavity that a desirable method that adapts to cavity is provided, and it comprises:

-one external support means on inwall and

-one fluid, it is installed by a space that is defined as external support means and inwall.

In said method, the selection of fluid or combination of fluids can help to define the characteristic of cavity, for example sealing and desired pressure etc. between wall and piston.

In yet another aspect, the present invention is related to the combination of a piston and a cavity, wherein:

Cavity refers to an elongation cavity with longitudinal axis,

-on first lengthwise position, cavity has the shape and the area of first cross section; On second lengthwise position, cavity has the shape and the area of second cross section.First shape of cross section is different with second shape of cross section, and the variation of cavity shape of cross section is continuous at least substantially on first and second lengthwise positions,

-when from cavity first lengthwise position when cavity second lengthwise position moves, piston adapts to the cavity cross section voluntarily.

This causes that very the aspect of concern is based on the following fact, i.e. a geometric difformity vicissitudinous relation between its circumferential lengths and area for example.And, variation between two shapes can a kind of continuous mode be carried out, to such an extent as to when when housing surface keeps best smooth change, cavity can have a kind of shape of cross section on a lengthwise position, and has another kind of shape of cross section on second lengthwise position.

In this manual, no matter the shape of cross section is meant total shape of its size.Its shape is identical even two their diameters of circle differ from one another.

Preferably, the area of first cross section is bigger by 2% than the area of second cross section at least, as at least 5%, particularly big at least 10%, as at least 20%, particularly big at least by 30%, as big by 40% at least, particularly big at least 50%, as big by 60% at least, particularly big at least by 70%, as big by 80% at least, as big by 90% at least, as big by 95% at least.

In a preferred embodiment, the shape of first cross section is round at least substantially, and the shape of second cross section is the long strip as ellipse.Its first size is 2 times an of size that are an angle with first size at least, as at least 3 times, and preferably at least 4 times.

In another preferred embodiment, the shape of first cross section is round at least substantially, and the shape of second cross section has two or more parts as the long strip substantially of ear-lobe shape.

In the cross section on first lengthwise position, first circumferential lengths of cavity is the 80-120% of second circumferential lengths of cavity in the cross section at the second lengthwise position place, as 85-115%, 90-110% preferably, as 95-105%, particularly 98-102% can have many advantages.Because in fact sealing material should provide sufficient sealing to change its size again, therefore plan to have problems when wall to its dimensional changes seals at it.If situation is as in the present embodiment, when its circumferential lengths intensity of variation was just very little, sealing can be easier to be controlled.Preferably first, second circumferential lengths is the same at least substantially, is the length of stretching that is bent rather than is had obvious degree thereby make sealing material.

As a kind of replacement, when sealing material is bent or be out of shape, can expect that circumferential lengths is changed a little, be bent as the one side and cause compression, and opposite side is stretched length.The circumferential lengths that presents when in a word, expectation provides automatic " selection " that a kind of shape, the circumferential lengths that its shape has will approach this sealing material at least.

A kind of piston that can be used in this type of combination, it is a kind of piston with deformable cavity volume that comprises.This cavity volume can be by elasticity or non-resilient the distortion.In in the end a kind of method, when in cavity when mobile, chamber wall can be bent.The cavity volume of elastically deformable has a manufacturing dimension, approximately is the size of the circumferential lengths of cavity first lengthwise position, and it has a reinforcing portion, allows high frictional force to shrink, and this cavity volume also is used to this type of combination, and its piston has extra high speed.The cavity volume of elastically deformable also is used, it has a manufacturing dimension, approximately be the size of the circumferential lengths of cavity second lengthwise position, it has the shell reinforcing portion, allows the part chamber wall to have different distances from the cavity central shaft on the longitudinal cross-section of cavity.

Fully aware of: according to the combination of being understood, one of piston and cavity volume can be static, and another then can move, and perhaps both are all movable.This can't influence the function of this combination.

Piston also can slide at inner and outer wall.Inwall can be tapered, and outer wall is cylindrical.

Certainly, this combination can be used for several purposes, and subject matter provides a kind of new append mode.This new mode satisfies piston motion to desired power demand.In fact, in order to adapt to the combination that is used for specific objective and/or power, cross sectional area/shape can be changed along cavity volume length.A kind of purpose provides the pump that women and teens children use, and this pump still should be able to provide certain pressure.In this case, by the power of determining that the people can provide on which position of piston, and the pump that provides a cavity volume with suitable cross section area/shape to come one of requirement aspect ergonomics, to improve thus.

The another kind of purposes of this combination is an attenuator, and in attenuator, area/shape determines to transform certain vibrations (power) desired condition.Also can provide a kind of actuator.In actuator, the Fluid Volume in the importing cavity volume can provide the different transfer of piston according to the physical location of piston before importing fluid.

The first-selection of piston and cavity volume combination is presented as the example that is used to reciprocating pump.So can not limit the invention scope of above-mentioned application, because most importantly except project and medium, the valve arrangement of cavity volume can cause the fact of motion, and this plays conclusive effect for applying type: pump, actuator, attenuator or motor.In reciprocating pump, medium can be by cavity volume and/or Piston Compression, and after this valve can discharge this medium that has compressed from cavity volume.In actuator, medium can be squeezed into cavity volume by valve arrangement, and cavity volume and/or piston can move, people and cause the motion of optional equipment.In attenuator, cavity volume can be closed fully, and wherein Ya Suo medium can further be compressed by the motion of cavity volume and/or piston.Can be under the situation of cavity volume positioned inside, for example at no compressed media: piston can be provided the groove equipment of dynamic friction by several, so that slow down movement velocity.

In addition, the present invention also can be used for power unit, and medium wherein is used for making piston and/or cavity volume motion, and piston and/or cavity volume can be around the rotational as motor.Combinations thereof can be used in the above-mentioned various occasions, and is more suitable for being used in other occasion pneumatic and/or hydraulic pressure than above-mentioned reciprocating pump.

Therefore, the invention still further relates to the pump of pump fluid, this pump has:

The combination of one of one above-mentioned All aspects of;

Be used to be in the device that the outer position of this cavity volume is connected with this piston;

One is connected and has the fluid input of control valve unit with this cavity volume; And

One fluid output that is connected with this cavity volume.

In one case, connection set has an outer position, and when portion position in addition, piston is on its first lengthwise position; Also have an interior location, when this interior location place, piston is on its second lengthwise position.When the expectation pressure fluid, can recommend this type of pump.

In one case, connection set has an outer position, and when portion position in addition, piston is on its second lengthwise position; Also have an interior location, when this interior location place, piston is on its first lengthwise position.When not having pressure basically, can recommend this type of pump just expecting to transport fluid.

Be used to establish at pump and place under the ground situation, and by forcing to make piston/connection set compressed fluid downwards, for example during pressurized air, it seems, maximum power can be provided in its lowest position of piston/connection set/handle from the ergonomics aspect.Therefore, under first kind of situation, this just means provides maximum pressure there.Under second kind of situation, this means the maximum volume that has maximum area and determine therefrom in its lowest position.Yet, owing in the such equipment of tire, require a great pressure to open the valve of tire, in order to produce the final pressure of opening this valve, can expect to have before the connection set extreme lower position momently a smallest cross-sectional region, the multithread body enters tire and bigger section area can make more.

Than the pump based on traditional piston cylinder combination, the pump that the present invention relates to can use littler active force basically, and for example water pump can draw water from darker place.This specific character is for being extremely important as developing country.And, pumping liquid when pressure difference is almost nil, the cavity volume that the present invention relates to can have another function.A cavity volume reasonable in design can satisfy (somatological) needs of user's physics, for example as pressure difference is arranged: respectively with reference to Figure 17 B and 17A.These can being used to complete by valve.

The invention still further relates to a piston, this piston is enclosed within a cylinder and is enclosed within an inclined cylinder simultaneously.This piston can/cannot comprise a resiliently deformable container.The cavity volume that is produced can be a kind of cavity volume with size of difference/identical circumferential lengths.Above-mentioned piston can comprise in many piston rods.

In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of attenuator, it has:

Combination according to above-mentioned combination in any side;

Be used for the device of position connection piston outside cavity volume, connection set wherein has an outer position, and when this position, piston is on its first lengthwise position; The one interior location, in the time of on this position, piston is on its second lengthwise position.

Above-mentioned attenuator can also have fluid outlet, and this outlet is connected with this cavity volume and a control valve unit is arranged.

Can recommend this cavity volume and piston are constituted an empty chamber of sealing at least substantially this empty indoor fluid that contains.When piston from primary importance when the second place is moved, this fluid is compressed.

Certainly, attenuator also can have and is used for the device of piston towards the primary importance bias voltage.

In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of actuator, it has:

Combination according to above-mentioned combination in any side;

Be used for the device that outside cavity volume, is connected with piston on the position;

Be used for fluid is imported this cavity volume, thus the device that piston is moved between first and second lengthwise position.

This actuator can have the fluid input of the control valve unit that is connected with cavity volume and can has.

Can also have one to be connected with cavity volume and the fluid output of a control valve unit can be arranged.

In addition, actuator can have one to be used for piston towards first or the device of second place bias voltage.

The present invention relates to a motor, it has:

Combination according to above-mentioned combination in any side;

The present invention relates to a kind of power unit at last, this power unit has more mobility, parachute for example, and it is a kind of mobile power unit.This kind unit has a kind of power source and a kind of power unit that is more suitable at least one group of solar cell, the motor that for example the present invention relates to.At least a kind of service unit can be arranged at present, the pump that for example the present invention relates to and/or any other device, this kind device can utilize from the low active force device with the mixing piston cylinder that the present invention relates to and utilize its dump energy.Because its ultralow active force, it may transport one by parachute and move power unit, can be than lighter based on the structure of mixing piston cylinder as the structure based on apparatus of the present invention.

Various embodiment recited above provides in the mode of demonstrating, and should not be considered to limitation of the present invention.Those those skilled in the art that will be easy to recognize and can make the present invention, not strictly according to shown in here and described and various modifications exemplary embodiment and application; change and combination of elements, and they do not exceed true spirit of the present invention and protection domain.

With reference to the accompanying drawings preferred embodiment of the present invention is described hereinafter, in these accompanying drawings:

Figure 1A illustrates the longitudinal profile of piston when not being in first lengthwise position in by uninflated cylinder of motion, and this piston is shown is in its size and situation when pressurized when producing.

Figure 1B illustrates the contact pressure of pressurized piston on cylinder wall shown in Figure 1A.

Longitudinal profile when Fig. 2 A shows piston shown in Figure 1 be in first (right side) and second (left side) lengthwise position in a cylinder, and described piston does not have pressurized.

Fig. 2 B shows the contact pressure that acts on when piston is in second lengthwise position shown in Fig. 2 A on the cylinder wall.

Longitudinal profile when Fig. 2 C illustrates piston shown in Figure 1A be in second lengthwise position in a cylinder, and piston is pressurized to and identical stress level one of shown in Figure 1A, and the size of piston first lengthwise position (when producing) is shown simultaneously.

Fig. 2 D illustrates the contact pressure that acts on when piston is in second lengthwise position shown in Fig. 2 C on the cylinder wall.

Longitudinal profile when Fig. 3 A illustrates piston shown in Figure 1 be in first lengthwise position in a cylinder, and pressurized situation when this piston being shown being in it and in cavity, bearing a pressure as manufacturing dimension and piston.

Fig. 3 B illustrates the contact pressure of piston shown in Fig. 3 A on cylinder wall.

Fig. 4 A illustrates according to of the present invention one the longitudinal profile when moving piston is not in second lengthwise position in cylinder, and this piston is shown is in its size and situation when being pressurized to certain level when producing.

Fig. 4 B illustrates the contact pressure of piston shown in Fig. 4 A on cylinder wall.

Fig. 4 C illustrates according to of the present invention one longitudinal profile of moving piston not, and be depicted as the situation that is in its size when producing when being in second lengthwise position in the cylinder, and when first lengthwise position, be depicted as the situation when being pressurized to level identical shown in Fig. 4 A.

Fig. 4 D illustrates the contact pressure of piston action shown in Fig. 4 C on cylinder wall.

Fig. 5 A illustrates the longitudinal profile when piston is in second lengthwise position shown in Fig. 4 A in cylinder, and this piston is shown is in its size and situation when pressurized when producing.

Fig. 5 B illustrates the contact pressure of piston action shown in Fig. 5 A on cylinder wall.

Fig. 5 C illustrates that piston is in the longitudinal profile of second lengthwise position shown in Fig. 4 A in cylinder, and this piston is shown is in the situation of its size when producing and is bearing pressure from cavity, situation when pressurized.

Fig. 5 D illustrates the contact pressure of piston action shown in Fig. 5 A on cylinder wall.

Fig. 6 A illustrates one first embodiment's who has a cavity fixing, the varying cross-section area and piston longitudinal profile, first embodiment of described piston is included in the varying sized fabric reinforcing section in radial-axial ground in the stroke procedure, and this piston structure is shown is in beginning the place and being in end of one-stroke, pressurized, this piston has that it is uninflated as manufacturing dimension.

Fig. 6 B illustrates the enlarged view that is in piston shown in Fig. 6 A that stroke begins to locate.

Fig. 6 C illustrates the enlarged view of piston shown in Fig. 6 A that is in stroke end.

Fig. 6 D will illustrate when cavity volume will be expanded, and be positioned at the graphics of the reinforcement matrix of the elastic textile material on the chamber wall.

Fig. 6 E illustrates the pattern of Fig. 6 D when chamber wall is expanded.

Fig. 6 F will illustrate when piston will be expanded, and be positioned at the graphics of the reinforcement matrix of the non-elastic fabric material on the chamber wall.

Fig. 6 G illustrates the pattern of Fig. 6 F when chamber wall is expanded.

Fig. 6 H illustrates the piston detail drawing with fabric reinforcing section.

Fig. 7 A illustrates one second embodiment's who has a cavity fixing, the varying cross-section area and piston longitudinal profile, second embodiment of described piston is included in the varying sized fabric reinforcing section (" lattice effect ") in radial-axial ground in the stroke procedure, and this piston structure is shown is in beginning the place and being in end of one-stroke, pressurized, this piston has that it is uninflated as manufacturing dimension.

Fig. 7 B illustrates the enlarged view that is in piston shown in Fig. 7 A that stroke begins to locate.

Fig. 7 C illustrates the enlarged view of piston shown in Fig. 7 A that is in stroke end.

Fig. 8 A has one the 3rd embodiment's of a cavity fixing, the varying cross-section area and piston longitudinal profile, the 3rd embodiment of described piston is included in the varying sized fabric reinforcing section (not having " lattice effect ") in radial-axial ground in the stroke procedure, and this piston structure is shown is in beginning the place and being in end of one-stroke, pressurized, this piston has it as manufacturing dimension.

The enlarged view of piston shown in Fig. 8 A that the dried stroke in Fig. 8 B place of illustrating begins to locate.

Fig. 8 C illustrates the enlarged view of piston shown in Fig. 8 A that is in stroke end.

Fig. 8 D shows the plan view of piston shown in Fig. 8 A, and this piston is provided with all cortex reinforcing sections in passing all planes of central axis, a left side: in first lengthwise position, and the right side: in second lengthwise position.

Fig. 8 E shows the plan view of piston shown in Fig. 8 A, and this piston is provided with in part and passes central axis and all cortex reinforcing section of part in all planes in the central axis outside, a left side: in first lengthwise position, and the right side: in second lengthwise position.

Fig. 8 F shows the plan view of piston shown in Fig. 8 A, and this piston is provided with the cortex reinforcing section in not passing the central axis plane, a left side: in first lengthwise position, and the right side: in second lengthwise position.

Fig. 8 G illustrates the piston detail drawing with fabric reinforcing section.

Fig. 9 A has one the 4th embodiment's of a cavity fixing, the varying cross-section area and piston longitudinal profile, the 4th embodiment of described piston comprises the structure of one " octopus " formula, this structure limits the elongation of chamber wall by tentacle, and be inflatable, and this piston structure is shown is in beginning the place and being in end of one-stroke, pressurized, this piston has it as manufacturing dimension.

Fig. 9 B illustrates the enlarged view that is in piston shown in Fig. 9 A that stroke begins to locate.

Fig. 9 C illustrates the enlarged view of piston shown in Fig. 9 A that is in stroke end.

Figure 10 A shows the embodiment of Fig. 6, wherein can carry out the pressure that inflation changes internal piston by an one-way valve that for example is arranged on a Schneider (Schrader) valve in the handle and/or for example be located in the piston rod, and wherein, the variation of space equalizing piston volume in stroke of a sealing.

Figure 10 B illustrates and substitutes sleeve pipe gas charging valve, that can be connected to an external pressure source.

Figure 10 C illustrates the details of guiding aspect of the bar of one-way valve.

Figure 10 D shows the flexible plunger of the one-way valve in piston rod.

Figure 10 E shows the embodiment of Fig. 6, wherein the volume of the enclosed space of Figure 10 A～Figure 10 D is used for submitting the outlet valve of pressure to exchange the inlet valve of piston inflation and one to potential source from described potential source by a potential source, one, according to the enlarged detailed of valve-valve actuator assemblying body of Figure 11 D.

Figure 10 F shows the embodiment of Figure 10 E, wherein shows a steerable valve and jet plane or nozzle, illustrates with black box.

Figure 11 A illustrates the embodiment of Fig. 6, wherein the pressure of internal piston can keep constant in stroke, and wherein, one second enclosed space can come inflation by Schneider (Schrader) valve that is arranged in the handle, and this second enclosed space is communicated with first enclosed space by a piston structure, piston can come inflation by a Schneider (Schrader) valve+valve actuating structure, and the pressure of cavity is the same with pressure source, and the petcock of cavity can manually be controlled by a rotating pedal simultaneously.

Figure 11 B illustrates a piston structure and its bearing, and wherein piston structure is communicated with between the second and first sealing control.

Figure 11 C shows the alternative piston structure that self adaption piston rod inside changes along the cross sectional area of its longitudinal direction.

Figure 11 D is illustrated in the enlarged view of the inflation structure of piston shown in Figure 11 A of stroke end.

Figure 11 E illustrates the enlarged view of the by-pass structure of the valve actuator that is used to close and open petcock.

Figure 11 F illustrates one of petcock and closes enlarged view with Unclosing structure automatically, shows a similar system that is used for obtaining at piston (dotted line is represented) scheduled pressure value.

Figure 11 G shows the enlarged view of an inflation structure of the piston of Figure 11 A, and it comprises an assemblying body of the lid of a valve actuator and a spring force job, and it can be inflated to a certain predetermined pressure with piston automatically from cavity.

Figure 11 H shows the solution of the variation of Figure 11 G, comprises the assemblying body of valve actuator and the spring that a valve actuator piston is provided with down.

Figure 12 illustrates the structure that pressure in the cavity volume can be depending on the pressure in the cavity.

Figure 13 A illustrates a cavity of a flexible wall that has different lateral cross section areas and has the longitdinal cross-section diagram of a piston of fixing physical dimension, and the structure that this assemblying body is shown be in pump stroke begin place and end.

Figure 13 B is illustrated in the enlarged view of this composite unit structure that begins to locate of a pump stroke.

Figure 13 C is illustrated in the enlarged view of this composite unit structure in the pump stroke.

Figure 13 D is illustrated in the enlarged view of this composite unit structure of the end of a pump stroke.

Figure 14 illustrates a cavity of a flexible wall that has different lateral cross section areas and has the longitdinal cross-section diagram of a piston of geometry-variable, and illustrate this assembly parts be in stroke begin the place, in the stroke and stroke end.

Figure 15 A shows an example, and when the size of circumference remained unchanged, cross section was by the fourier progression expanding method of pressurization cavity, the minimizing of its cross sectional area.

Figure 15 B shows the variation of Fig. 7 A pressurization cavity, and it has suitable vertical section of walking crosswise section and is designed to following form, is pumping stroke, and when its circumference approximately was consistent or reduce to a small extent, its area reduced.

Figure 15 C illustrates in Figure 15 B transverse section the vertical section at G-G (dotted line) and H-H.

Figure 15 D illustrates in Figure 15 C transverse section the vertical section at G-G (dotted line) and I-I.

Figure 15 E shows another example, and when the size of circumference remained unchanged, cross section was by the fourier progression expanding method of pressurization cavity, the minimizing of its cross sectional area.

Figure 15 F shows the example of the optimal curve shape of transverse section under certain conditions.

Figure 16 shows an assemblying body, and wherein piston moves in having the cylinder of conical centre.

What Figure 17 A showed the optimum that meets ergonomics is used to aspirate purpose and manually operated cavity.

Figure 17 B shows corresponding stroke force curve figure.

Figure 18 A shows the example of mobile power unit, is suspended under the parachute.

Figure 18 B shows the detail drawing of mobile power unit.

Embodiment

Figure 1A illustrates the longitudinal profile that one of the first lengthwise position place that is in not pressurized cavity 1 does not have pressurized not moving piston 5, and this piston has the constant circular cross section of radius in that position.Piston 5 can have just like manufacturing dimension, and it is roughly the diameter of cavity 1 at this first lengthwise position place.Show the piston 5 when being forced into a certain stress level ^*At piston 5 ^*Pressure inside produces certain contact length.

Figure 1B illustrates the piston 5 shown in Figure 1A ^* Contact pressure.Piston 5 ^*Can block at this lengthwise position place.

Fig. 2 A shows the longitudinal profile of piston 5 ' that one of first lengthwise position that is in not pressurized cavity 1 does not have pressurized not moving piston 5 and is in second lengthwise position of not pressurized cavity 1, and this cavity all has the constant circular cross section of radius at the first and second lengthwise position places.Piston 5 can have just like manufacturing dimension, and it is roughly the diameter of cavity 1 at this first lengthwise position place.Piston 5 ' illustrates the piston 5 in the small cross section that does not have to be arranged on second lengthwise position pressurizedly.

Fig. 2 B shows the contact pressure at piston 5 ' second lengthwise position place on cylinder wall.Piston 5 ' can block at this lengthwise position place.

Fig. 2 C illustrates the longitudinal profile of piston 5 ' that one of first lengthwise position that is in not pressurized cavity 1 does not have pressurized not moving piston 5 and is in the second place of not pressurized cavity 1, and this cavity all has the constant circular cross section of radius at the first and second lengthwise position places.Piston 5 can have just like manufacturing dimension, and it is roughly the diameter of cavity 1 at this first lengthwise position place.Piston 5 ' ^*Illustrate and be pressurized to stress level identical one of shown in Figure 1A and be arranged on piston 5 in the small cross section of second lengthwise position.

Fig. 2 D illustrates piston 5 ' ^*The contact pressure at the second lengthwise position place on cylinder wall.Piston 5 ' ^*May block at this lengthwise position place: frictional force may be 72 kilograms.

Fig. 3 A illustrates the piston 5 shown in Figure 1A and is pressurized to and the piston 5 shown in Figure 1A ^*The uniform pressure level time the piston 5 of distortion " ^*This distortion is when the device that piston may extend without limits, by cavity 1 ^*In pressure caused, shown in the device of restriction elongation mainly along the direction of meridian line (cavity vertically).

Fig. 3 B illustrates contact pressure.Piston 5 " ^*Can block at this lengthwise position place.

Fig. 4 A illustrates the longitudinal profile of a piston 15 at the second lengthwise position place that is in not pressurized cavity 10, and this piston has a circular cross section.This piston 15 can have just like manufacturing dimension, and it is roughly the diameter of cavity 10 at this second lengthwise position place.Piston 15 ' ^*The piston 15 of the distortion that is pressurized to certain level is shown.Distortion be since along the Young's modulus of elasticity of ring direction (along the cross sectional planes direction of cavity) selected must be than at meridian direction (along the longitudinal direction of cavity) low.

Fig. 4 B is illustrated in piston 15 " ^*Wall on contact pressure.This produces a suitable frictional force (4.2 kilograms) and a suitable sealing.

Fig. 4 C illustrates the longitudinal profile of the piston 15 at the second lengthwise position place (as manufacturing dimension) that is positioned at not pressurized cavity 10, and when pressurized 15 " ^*(piston 15 " ^*Can have with at piston 15 ' ^*(Fig. 4 A) identical pressure when being positioned at second lengthwise position of cavity 10) longitudinal profile when being in first lengthwise position.Here also exist on ring direction and the meridian direction and be out of shape.

Fig. 4 D is illustrated in piston 15 " ^*Wall on contact pressure.This produces a suitable frictional force (0.7 kilogram) and a suitable sealing.

Therefore, can with the piston that comprises an elastically deformable cavity volume from the less regional seal of a cross sectional area move the bigger zone of a cross sectional area, and identical internal pressure (testing within the limits of selected cross-sectional diameter at this) is arranged simultaneously.

Fig. 5 A illustrates piston 15 (as manufacturing dimension) and is positioned at the piston 15 ' at the second lengthwise position place of not pressurized cavity 10 ^*Longitudinal profile.Piston 15 ' ^*Illustrate piston 15 when piston 15 is pressurized change the structure of shape.Piston 15,15 ' ^*Be attached to the piston rod of an imagination at lower end, moved to prevent the piston in applying the chamber pressure process.

Fig. 5 B illustrates piston 15 ' shown in Fig. 5 A ^*Contact pressure.It is sufficiently low, to allow moving (4.2 kilograms of frictional force) and to be suitable for sealing.

Fig. 5 C illustrates piston 15 (as manufacturing dimension) and at pressurized cavity 10 ^*Second lengthwise position be in the piston 15 of the pressurized and distortion of the effect of chamber pressure " ^* Longitudinal profile.Piston 15,15 ' ^*Be attached to the piston rod of an imagination at lower end, moved to prevent the piston in applying the chamber pressure process.The piston 15 of distortion " ^*Roughly long as undeformed piston 15 twices.

Fig. 5 D illustrates piston 15 shown in Fig. 5 C " ^*Contact pressure.It is sufficiently low, to allow moving (3.2 kilograms of frictional force) and to be suitable for sealing.

Therefore, when applying a chamber pressure on the piston of the cavity volume that is comprising a pressurized elastically deformable, can (at least at the minimum cross-section place) move hermetically.The elongation that produces owing to the cavity power that is applied is bigger, may need to limit such situation.

Fig. 6～9 relate to the elongation restriction to the piston cortex, and it causes contact area enough little, so that suitable sealing becomes possibility, and causes frictional force enough low, so that piston can move.This comprises when cavity volume bears or do not bear pressure in the cavity elongation restriction to longitudinal direction, and when when first lengthwise position move, allowing along the horizontal direction expansion from second of cavity, and when moving the other way around, special permission contraction.

The wall elongation in a longitudinal direction of cavity volume type piston can be limited by Several Methods.It can be by using fabric for example and/or fiber the reinforcing part of chamber wall assign to realize.It also can be realized by inside cavity and the expanding body that have its expansion to limit that is arranged on cavity volume, and this expanding body is connected to the wall of cavity volume.Also can use other method, for example the cavity between cavity volume two walls be carried out pressure and control, the space of cavity volume top carried out that pressure is controlled etc.Reinforcing section can also be positioned at the outside of piston.

The spreading performance of chamber wall may depend on the type of used elongation restriction.In addition, can when expanding, remain on the piston that moves on the piston rod by mechanical stopping piece guiding.The location of such retainer can be depending on the use of piston-cavity assemblying body.Also can be such situation, the cavity volume that promptly on piston rod, leads, and expand simultaneously and/or bear external force.

Can use various types of fluidised forms, the combination of compressible and incompressible medium, only compressible medium or only incompressible medium.

Therefore having it from cavity volume may be sizable as the zone of the cross sectional area minimum of manufacturing dimension to the variation in the cavity volume size of the location expansion of cross sectional area maximum, so cavity and for example being communicated with of one first enclosed space in piston rod that may be in cavity volume.In order to remain on the pressure in the cavity, first enclosed space also can be pressurized, and also be to occur in the process that the cavity volume of cavity volume changes.May need at least that this first enclosed space is carried out pressure controls.

The longitudinal profile of one cavity volume 208 of first lengthwise position during Fig. 6 A shows the cavity 186 that has a recessed wall 185 and is included in cavity 186 and an inflatable piston of the identical cavity volume 208 ' of second lengthwise position in cavity 186.During cavity 186 has, axle line 184.Cavity volume 208 ' is depicted as and is in it as manufacturing dimension, and is provided with a fabric reinforcing section 189 in the cortex 188 of wall 187.In the stroke that second lengthwise position by cavity 186 begins, wall 187 expansion of cavity volume is until being fabric reinforcing section 189 and/or stopping this motion at a chocking construction and/or another chocking construction of the mechanical stopping piece 196 in cavity volume 208 outsides in stroke.And thereby the expansion of cavity volume 208.According to the pressure in the cavity 186, longitudinal tensile strain still may take place owing to the pressure in the cavity 186 in chamber wall.And first major function of reinforcing section limits the longitudinal tensile strain of the wall 187 of this cavity volume 208 just.This has caused a little area of contact 198.Second major function of fabric reinforcing section 198 is, when cavity volume when second lengthwise position is moved, allow to shrink (and when expansion must the time, vice versa).In stroke, cavity volume 208,208 ' pressure inside can keep constant.This pressure depends on cavity volume 208,208 ' volume-variation, depends on the variation of the circumferential lengths of cavity 186 cross sections in stroke afterwards.This pressure also can change in stroke.This pressure also can rely on or not rely on pressure ground variation in the cavity 186 in stroke.

Fig. 6 B shows one first embodiment of piston 208 of the expansion at the first lengthwise position place that is in cavity 186.Chamber wall 187 is to be made and had a cortex 188 formations of a fabric reinforcing section 189 by flexible material (for example can be rubber type or materials similar), and this reinforcing section allows chamber wall expansion.The direction of fabric reinforcing section departs from 54 ° 44 ' with respect to central axis 184 (=braid angle).Along with pulling, the dimensional changes of piston in stroke need not to produce an identical shape.Chamber wall thickness when the thickness of chamber wall can compare second lengthwise position that is positioned at cavity 186 owing to expansion when producing.In the inboard of wall 187 impervious barrier 190 can be set.It closely is squeezed in cavity volume 208, in the lid 191 and the lid 192 in the bottom in 208 ' the top.The details of described lid is not shown among the figure, can uses various assembly methods, these may be able to make the variation of their self adaption chamber wall thickness.Two lids 191,192 can both translation and/or rotation on piston rod 195.These motions can realize by the whole bag of tricks, for example dissimilar bearing (not shown).Lid 191 in the top can move up and down.On piston rod 195, the moving upward of the retainer in cavity volume 208 outsides 196 restriction cavity volumes 208.Lid 192 in the bottom only can move downward, and this is because retainer 197 stops its move upward (this embodiment is considered to be used in to be had under the piston in the cavity 186 in the piston cavity of the pressure device).Also can use other chocking construction at the pump of other type, as dual working pump (double workingpump), vacuum pump etc., and only depend on technical requirement on design.Also can be useful on other structure that makes the relative piston rod relative movement of piston energy and/or limit such relative movement.The adjustment of sealing force can be included in the combination of incompressible fluid 205 with the compressible fluid 206 (both also can use separately) of cavity volume inside, the cavity 209 of cavity volume can be communicated with one second cavity 210 simultaneously, and described second cavity 210 is included in the piston 126 of the spring force operation of piston rod 195 inside.Fluid can pass the freely mobile wall 207 that passes piston rod in hole 201.Second cavity also can be communicated with (referring to Figure 12) with one the 3rd cavity, and the pressure in the cavity volume also can depend on the pressure in the cavity 186.Cavity volume can be inflatable by piston rod 195 and/or by being communicated with cavity 186.In the described lid in the top and the O-ring seals in the described lid in the bottom or similar Sealing 202,203 make 191,192 pairs of rod seals of lid respectively.At place, the end of piston rod 195, the lid 204 that is depicted as the assembly that a screw thread tightens screws described piston rod.Other place can be provided with suitable retainer on piston rod, and this depends on the motion of desired chamber wall.Contact area 198 between chamber wall and the cavity wall.

Fig. 6 C shows the piston of Fig. 6 cavity that B is shown in second lengthwise position, and wherein said piston has it as manufacturing dimension.Lid 191 in the top has moved one apart from a ' from retainer 196.The valve piston 126 of the spring force operation distance b of having moved '.It is adjacent with retainer 197 that bottom cover 192 is depicted as, if having pressure in the cavity 186 under piston, cavity 186 just is pressed against on the retainer 197 so.Compressible fluid 206 ' and incompressible fluid 205 '.

Fig. 6 D is a graphics, and shows the reinforcement matrix of web material, when moving hermetically in cavity 186, allows the elastic dilatation and the contraction of cavity volume 208,208 ' wall.Web material can be flexible, and overlaps mutually and be provided with independent layer.This layer also can be arranged to be woven together mutually.Angle between two-layer can have 54 ° 44 ' difference.When the material type of all layers is identical with thickness, and the quantity of layer is average, and the size of the seam on each direction equates simultaneously, and then the expansion of chamber wall and being contracted on the XYZ direction equates.When seam ss and tt respectively the expansion on each direction at matrix become bigger, then their contraction will become littler.Because the material of line can be flexible, another device is enough to stop expansion, stops as machinery.This can be the wall of cavity and/or be shown in mechanical stopping piece on the piston rod, shown in Fig. 6 B.

Fig. 6 E is a graphics, and shows the reinforcement matrix among Fig. 6 D, and it is expanded.Seam ss ' and tt ' are greater than seam ss and tt.The result who shrinks can obtain the matrix shown in Fig. 6 D.

Fig. 6 F is a graphics, and shows the reinforcement matrix of web material, and this web material can be made by inelastic line (but elasticity is flexible), and overlaps mutually and be provided with independent layer, or weaves mutually and be provided with.Expansion is possible, and this is that the extra length of each coil 700 is available owing to when cavity volume is manufacturing dimension, also be supercharging when being positioned at second lengthwise position of cavity.Seam ss " and tt " at it separately on the direction.When chamber wall was expanded, inelastic materials (but elasticity is flexible) can limit the maximum extension of the wall 187 of cavity volume 217.This is enough to stop by for example retainer 196 motion of cavity volume 217 on the piston rod 195, can keep sealing thus.Lack such retainer 196 and may produce a valve.

Fig. 6 G is a graphics, and shows the reinforcement matrix among Fig. 6 F, and it is expanded.Seam ss and tt are greater than seam ss " and tt ".The result who shrinks can obtain the matrix shown in Fig. 6 F.

Fig. 6 H shows three phases I, II and the III of the manufacture process of the piston that comprises the elastically deformable cavity volume.Bar 600 is provided with a rubber pad 601, is provided with one and strengthens pad 602 on this pad, as according to those of Fig. 6 E～G.Be provided with another rubber pad on the in the end described pad.Between pad 601 and bar, be provided with one or more lids 604.All lids all slip over bar 600.Bar 600 can be a hollow, and can connect only high compressed steam source.Phase: the supercharging steam is by exporting 605 inner chambers 608 that enter into stove 606, and this outlet can be arranged at the end of bar.The rubber that a slice is complete/reinforcement pad 607 can be cut and transport on bar 600 and enter in the inner chamber 608.This inner chamber is closed then, and the supercharging vapour injection is in this inner chamber.Produce sulfuration then, comprise chamber wall is installed to and cover on 604.This pad can have the shape of curve.After the sulfuration, inner chamber is opened, and has that the cavity volume of size is pushed out (III) when producing.For the cure time that utilizes piston to produce other piston, can use several different methods.Before sulfuration, can carry out the expansion of rubber pad 607 (complete, as to comprise the fabric reinforcing section).Bar 600 tops can be divided into a plurality of parts, and each is roughly the height with size cavity volume when producing.Before entering inner chamber, each part is all separated with mobile jib.And/or, can have a plurality of inner chambers at the afterbody of producing supply line, its each be placed, admit a complete pad 607 and make its sulfuration.This can be by making inner chamber to the afterbody rotation of producing supply line and/or shift and from the afterbody rotation of producing supply line and/or shift.Can also be that a plurality of sulfuration inner chambers are integrated into the afterbody of producing supply line.

Cavity volume 217 that Fig. 7 A shows cavity 186 that has a recessed wall 185 and the first lengthwise position place that is included in cavity and longitudinal profile at an inflatable piston of the identical cavity volume 217 ' at the second lengthwise position place.Cavity volume 217 ' is depicted as and is in it as manufacturing dimension.

Fig. 7 B shows the piston 217 of the expansion that is in the cavity first lengthwise position place.Chamber wall 218 is to be made and had according to " lattice effect (Trellis Effect) " cortex 216 formations of a fabric reinforcing section 189 by flexible material (for example can be rubber type or materials similar), and this reinforcing section allows chamber wall 218 expansions, and the direction of fabric can depart from 54 ° 44 ' with respect to central axis 184 (=braid angle).Contact area 211 is between the wall 185 of the wall 218 of cavity volume 217 and cavity 186.The thickness of chamber wall can attenuation owing to expansion, but need not when being positioned at the second lengthwise position place chamber wall thickness when producing.In the inboard of wall 187 impervious barrier 190 can be set.It closely is squeezed in cavity volume 217.In the lid 191 and the lid 192 in the bottom in the 217 ' top.The details of lid can not used various assembly methods shown in illustrating among the figure, and these may be able to make them self adapt to the variation of chamber wall thickness.Two lids 191,192 can both translation and/or rotation on piston rod 195.These motions can realize by the whole bag of tricks, for example dissimilar bearing (not shown).Lid 191 in the top can move up and down and limit its motion until retainer 214.Lid 192 in the bottom only can move downward, and this is because retainer 197 stops its move upward (this embodiment can be considered to be used in the cavity 186 there be in the piston cavity device of pressure the piston bottom).Also can use other chocking construction at the pump of other type, as dual working pump, vacuum pump etc., and only depend on technical requirement on design.Also can be useful on other structure that makes the relative piston rod relative movement of piston energy and/or limit such relative movement.

In stroke, cavity volume 217,217 ' pressure inside keep stable.Also possible pressure changes in stroke procedure.The adjustment of sealing force can be included in the combination of incompressible fluid 205 with the compressible fluid 206 (both also can use separately) of cavity volume inside, simultaneously cavity volume 217,217 ' cavity 215 can be communicated with one second cavity 210, and described second cavity 210 is included in the piston 126 that a spring force of piston rod 195 inside is operated.Fluid can pass the freely mobile wall 207 that passes piston rod in hole 201.Second cavity also can be communicated with (referring to Figure 10) with one the 3rd cavity, and the pressure in the cavity volume also can depend on the pressure in the cavity 186.Cavity volume can be inflatable by piston rod 195 and/or by being communicated with cavity 186.In the described lid in the top and the O-ring seals in the described lid in the bottom or similar Sealing 202,203 make 191,192 pairs of rod seals of lid respectively.At place, the end of piston rod 195, the lid 204 that is depicted as the assembly that a screw thread tightens screws described piston rod.

Fig. 7 C shows at piston shown in Fig. 7 B at the second lengthwise position place of cavity 186, and contact area 211 ' is very little.Lid 191 is from retainer 216 distance c of having moved '.The valve piston 126 of spring force operation has moved one apart from d '.It is adjacent with retainer 197 that bottom cover 192 is depicted as, if having pressure in cavity 186, lid 192 just is pressed against on the retainer 197 so.Compressible fluid 206 ' and incompressible fluid 205 ' can change volume in cavity volume.

Fig. 8 A, B, C relate to the contraction of piston, its with Fig. 7 A, B, C in identical, except reinforcing section comprises the stiffening device of flexible any kind of, and this stiffening device can be the form of strengthening " post ", and they are not intersected with each other.This form can be a kind of form that is parallel to the central axis 184 of cavity 186, or the form of the part of stiffening device in passing a plane of central axis 184.

Fig. 8 A shows an inflatable piston, and it comprises the cavity volume 228 and the identical cavity volume 228 ' that is positioned at cavity 186 second lengthwise position places that are positioned at cavity 186 first lengthwise position places, and this cavity is supercharging, and wherein it does not pressurize for its manufacturing dimension.

Fig. 8 B shows the cavity volume 228 that is positioned at cavity 186 first lengthwise position places.The wall 21 of this cavity volume comprises for example fiber of elastic material 222,224 and stiffening device 223.Can there be a non-permeable formation 226.Contact area between the wall 185 of cavity volume 228 and cavity 186.

Fig. 8 C shows the cavity volume 228 ' that is positioned at cavity 186 second lengthwise position places.Contact area 225 ' is slightly larger than contact area 225.Top cover 191 has moved the distance of e ' from retainer 214.

Fig. 8 D shows the plan view of piston 228 and 228 ', and they have stiffening device 223 and 223 ' respectively at the first and second lengthwise position places of cavity 186.

Fig. 8 E shows the plan view with piston 228 and 228 ' similar piston, and they have the stiffening device 229 and 229 ' as other example respectively at the first and second lengthwise position places of cavity 186.The part of reinforcing section is not in a plane of the central axis 184 of the longitudinal direction that passes cavity 186.

Fig. 8 F shows the plan view with piston 228 and 228 ' similar piston, and they are on the chamber wall, have reinforcing section 227 and 227 ' on the plane of the central axis 184 that do not passing cavity 186.In a stroke, the wall of cavity volume is around central axis 184 rotations.

Fig. 8 G schematically shows fiber 802 and how to be installed in and to cover in 800 the inner chamber 801.This can be by realizing that around central axis 803 rotary covers and fiber it has speed separately, and fiber 802 is pushed to and enters inner chamber 801 simultaneously.

Fig. 9 A shows and has a longitudinal profile of an inflatable piston that protrudes the cavity 186 of wall 185 and comprise the identical cavity volume 258 ' of the cavity volume 258 that begins to locate and the end that is in stroke that are in one-stroke.The cavity volume 258 ' of supercharging is in second lengthwise position.

Fig. 9 B shows the longitudinal cross-section of the piston 258 with a cortex of strengthening, and the cortex of piston is strengthened by deformable a plurality of supporting element 254 at least flexibly, these supporting elements 254 are fixed to one public 255 rotationally, and are connected to described piston 258, a cortex 252 of 258 '.These supporting elements are tensions, and depend on the hardness of material, and they have the extended length of a certain maximum.The extended length of this limit has limited the elongation of the cortex 252 of described piston.Can utilize for public 255 sliding device 256 on piston rod 195, to slide.As for other, this structure and piston 208,208 ' similar.Contact area 253.

Fig. 9 C illustrates the longitudinal profile of piston 258 '.Contact area 253 '.

The pressure that Figure 10-12 relates in cavity is controlled.It is a pith of piston-cavity body structure that the pressure that comprises the piston of an inflatable cavity volume and an elastically deformable wall is controlled.Pressure is controlled necessary. and need the pressure in the maintenance cavity volume, be in a suitable degree to keep sealing.This means that in the process of each stroke that the volume of cavity volume changes, and from long-term viewpoint, the leakage of cavity volume may reduce the pressure in the cavity volume, this may have influence on the ability of sealing.Fluid stream may be the method that solves.When cavity volume changes in one-stroke, flow into cavity volume or from its outflow, and/or as in this wise to cavity volume (inflation).

The variation of cavity volume can with the volume-variation balance of first enclosed space, this first enclosed space for example is communicated with by a Kong Laiyu cavity volume that is located in the piston stalk.Pressure also can be balanced simultaneously, and this can realize by the piston that can be arranged on the spring force operation in first enclosed space.Spring force can be produced by a spring or a pressurized enclosed space, and described pressurized enclosed space for example is one second enclosed space that is communicated with by pair of pistons with first enclosed space.The power transmission of any kind can be set by each piston, for example, combination by second enclosed space and a piston wherein, so that when this moves into first enclosed space to piston (for example when fluid when first enclosed space flows into cavity volume), act on trying hard to keep on the piston and hold equally in first enclosed space, and the power that acts on the piston in second enclosed space reduces.This means the rule of in second enclosed space, following the p.V=constant well.

Also can be implemented in the pressure adjustment in the cavity of cavity volume in the process of the whole of stroke or part by the connection of cavity and cavity volume cavity.This has had description in WO 00/65235 and WO00/70227.

Can come the inflation cavity volume by a valve and/or a piston handle in piston.This valve can be an one-way valve or a gas charging valve (a for example Schneider (Schrader) valve).Cavity volume can come inflation by a valve that is communicated with cavity.If it is preferable using a gas charging valve, a Schneider (Schrader) valve, this is because its Security of avoiding leaking can be controlled the ability of various fluids with it.In order to carry out inflation, may need a valve actuator, for example at WO 99/26002 or US5, an actuator that is disclosed in 094,263.The advantage of the valve actuator among the WO99/26002 is: just can carry out inflation with very little power, be very practical for manual inflation therefore.Further, valve combines with the spool of spring force operation, and when reaching the degree of equipressure, valve cuts out automatically.

If the supercharging volume flow of (or opposite) is a large amount of from enclosed space to cavity volume, preferably have a pressure/volume source, it has the capacious volume than enclosed space, and has a stress level that equals, is below or above the cavity volume internal pressure.In the end in Shuo Ming the situation, the volume of this pressure source is compared with the pressure source with the stress level that equals the cavity volume internal pressure and is reduced.

In following situation, promptly the stress level of pressure source is higher than the pressure in the cavity volume, then need be in stroke procedure, and flowing between pressure/volume source and the cavity volume controlled by control valve unit.These valves have the core pin of spring force operation, and it activated.This valve of actuator On/Off on average changes continuously and flows.An example is similar structure, falls owing to leaking the pressure that causes, it is used for inflation cavity volume (seeing time page or leaf).Other valve-type and valve control method also are feasible.This also can be a kind of method that cavity volume internal pressure level is continued to be maintained at certain level.

A valve that is communicated with cavity has been arranged, and when the pressure in the cavity volume was lower than pressure in the cavity, it is inflation cavity volume automatically just.When this is not this situation, can temporarily produce such elevated pressures by the petcock of closing second lengthwise position of cavity volume in the close cavity.Closing and opening like this can be manually to finish., for example finish by a pedal, it is opened and valve actuator (WO 99/26002) and Schneider (Schrader) valve between a passage of a spatial communication.When passage was opened, valve actuator was movable, but lacked the power of depressing the spool pin, thereby Schneider (Schrader) valve can not open, and therefore, cavity may be closed, and just can set up its any high pressure, so that cavity volume can inflation.When pathway closure, actuator such as among the WO 99/26002 work the announcement ground.The operator can detect pressure in the cavity volume as a pressure meter with pressure gauge.The opening and closing of this petcock also can automatically be finished.This can realize by various types of devices, and these devices begin to close petcock according to measuring the signal that pressure is lower than any kind that a predetermined value produced.

Cavity volume is inflated to a certain predetermined value automatically can be realized by the valve that is communicated with cavity and for example combination of a relief valve in cavity volume.It discharges at a certain predetermined force value place, for example is discharged into the space of cavity volume top or is discharged into cavity.Another selectable mode is: WO 99/26002 described valve actuator can for example at first be opened after reaching a force value of being scheduled to by it is combined with a spring.Another selectable mode is: when pressure reaches a value above predetermined value, for example close the opening that leads to valve actuator by the piston or the lid of a spring-operated.Perhaps, combine with device by the piston 292 with Figure 11 e, therefore piston is opened passage 297 (not shown) when reaching certain pressure.

Figure 10 A show according to Fig. 6 A-C, have and comprise a cavity volume 208, a piston of 208 ' and have the one piston-cavity system of a cavity 186 of a central axis 184.Inflation described here and pressure are controlled other piston that also can be used to comprise a cavity volume.Cavity volume 208,208 ' can come inflation by a valve 242 that is located at the valve 241 in the handle 240 and/or be located in the piston rod 195.If do not use handle, and be to use a for example rotatingshaft, it can be hollow, and is communicated with a for example Schneider (Schrader) valve.Valve 241 can be a gas charging valve, a Schneider (Schrader) valve for example, and it comprises a sleeve pipe 244 and a spool 245.Valve in piston rod 195 can be an one-way valve, and has a flexible plunger 126.Cavity between one-way valve 242 and cavity volume 208,208 ' the cavity 209 is described to " second " cavity 210 in front.Pressure meter 250 makes (more details is not shown) is carried out in cavity volume pressure inside control.Also can use this pressure meter to control pressure in the cavity 186.Also can be that cavity volume 208,208 ' cavity 209 are provided with a relief valve (not shown), this relief valve can be adjusted to a certain predetermined force value.The fluid that discharges may be directed to cavity 209 and/or space 251.

Figure 10 B shows an alternative way of inflation valve 241.Replace the inflation valve 241 in the handle 240, only be provided with a sleeve pipe 244, and do not have a spool 245, described sleeve pipe 244 can be connected to a pressure source.

Figure 10 C shows the details of bearing 246 of the bar 247 of one-way valve 126.Bearing 246 comprises pipe tunnel 249, and they can pass through fluid around bar 247.Spring 248 can apply a pressure on fluid in second cavity 210.Retainer 249.

Figure 10 D shows the details of the flexible plunger 126 of one-way valve 242.Spring 248 keeps acting on the pressure on the piston 126.

Figure 10 E shows pressure source 701, and it can have the pressure above cavity volume internal pressure level.Have for example inlet valve 702 of valve actuator 703 (structure 709 that illustrates is similar to the structure of Figure 11 E (292,297)), and have for example outlet valve 704 of valve actuator 705 (structure 711 that illustrates is similar to the structure of Figure 11 E (292,297)).Space 710 is connected to cavity 707, is connected to cavity 708 with time space 712. Valve 702 and 704 can be installed on the piston rod 706, and its top can be divided into two cavitys 707 and 708.

Figure 10 F shows the structure of Figure 10 E, and each all has a valve manager two black boxes shown in it, and it can be controlled by external signal.Controlling device 715 can receive respectively from the pressure signal 716 and 717 of internal piston in the different longitudinal position of cavity.Control device 715 and can send signal 718 and 719 respectively to the actuator 722 of outlet valve manager 720 and the actuator 723 of inlet valve manager 721.This valve and valve are controlled manager can be similar with shown in Figure 11 F those.

Figure 11 A show according to Fig. 6 A-C, have the piston that comprises a cavity volume 248,248 (its core is identical with cavity volume 208,208 ') and have the one piston-cavity system of a cavity 186 of a central axis 184.Inflation described here and pressure are controlled other piston that also can be used to comprise a cavity volume.Cavity volume 248,248 ' can come inflation by a valve that is communicated with cavity 186.This valve can be the one-way valve 242 according to Figure 10 A, D, and perhaps it can be a gas charging valve, is preferably a Schneider (Schrader) valve 260.First enclosed space 210 is communicated with by a hole 201 with cavity 209 in the cavity volume, simultaneously, the first enclosed space 21O is communicated with one second enclosed space 243 by a piston structure again, and this second sealed cavity 243 can come inflation by the gas charging valve that can be arranged on a for example Schneider (Schrader) valve 241 in the handle 240 and so on.This valve comprises a spool 245.If do not use handle, and be to use a for example rotatingshaft, it can be hollow, and a Schneider (Schrader) valve and this channel connection (not shown).Schneider (Schrader) valve 260 is provided with the valve actuator 261 according to WO 99/26002.The bottom 262 of cavity 186 can be provided with a petcock 263, a Schneider (Schrader) valve for example, and it can be equipped with another valve actuator 261 according to WO 99/26002.In order manually to control petcock 263, a pedal 265 can be equipped with in bottom 262, and described pedal 265 can be around one 264 rotation one angle [alpha] on the bottom 262.This pedal 265 is connected to a piston rod 267 at its top by one 266 in a non-circular hole 275.Bottom 262 has a suction valve 269 (not shown) that are used for cavity 186.Should (schematically drawing) spring 276 pedal 265 be remained on its initial position 277, at initial position, petcock stays open.On the stop position 277 of pedal 265, petcock keeps cutting out.Outlet passage 268.

Figure 11 B shows by pair of pistons 242,270 in the details that is communicated with between first enclosed space 210 and second enclosed space 243.This piston rod 271 to piston is led by a bearing 246.Pipe tunnel 249 in bearing 246 can be carried fluid from the space between bearing 246 and piston 242 and 242.Spring 248 can be set.Have the piston type cavity volume 248 of inwall 194,248 ' piston rod 195.Piston 242,270 is enclosed on the inwall 194.

Figure 11 C shows an alternative wall 273 of piston type cavity volume 248,248 ' piston rod 272, and the central axis 184 of it and cavity 186 has an angle beta.The piston 274 that schematically drawn, and the variation of the cross sectional area that piston 274 can own adaptation piston rod 272 inside.

Figure 11 D shows the piston 248 ' which is provided with a housing 280.This housing comprises that one has Schneider (Schrader) valve 260 of a core pin 245.Valve actuator 261 is depicted as depresses this core pin 261, and fluid can enter valve 260 by passage 286,287,288 and 289 simultaneously.When core pin 245 is not depressed, the wall 285 of piston ring 279 salable inner casings 283.Inner casing 283 can be enclosed between housing 280 and the cylinder 282 hermetically by Sealing 281 and 284.Cavity 186.

Figure 11 E shows the structure of the petcock 263 that has a core pin 245, and is depicted as the situation that it is depressed by valve actuator 261.Fluid can pass passage 304,305,306 and 307 and flow to the valve of opening.Inner casing 302 is enclosed between housing 301 and the cylinder 303 hermetically by Sealing 281 and 284.Passage 297 with a central axis 296 is arranged to pass the wall of inner casing 302, cylinder 303 and the wall of housing 301.Opening 308 at the outside of housing 301 passage 297 is provided with a widened section 309, and it makes piston 292 be sealed in a closed position 292 ' by a top 294 and locates.Piston 292 can move in another passage 295, and this passage 295 can have the central axis 296 identical with passage 297.The bearing 293 that is used for the piston rod 267 of piston 292.Piston rod 267 can be connected to pedal 265 (Figure 11 A) or other actuator (schematically illustrating) in Figure 11 E.

Figure 11 F illustrates piston 248 ' and the inflation structure 368 shown in Figure 11 D, and the different structures 369 that are to use are come the petcock of control graph 11E.Inflation structure 368 is existing also to be comprised and is used for the structure 370 of valve of control graph 11E.This is by cut-off valve when reaching predetermined pressure and open valve and realize when pressure is lower than predetermined value.Handle a signal 360 in a transducer 361, described transducer sends a signal 362 to an actuator 363, and actuator 363 is by actuator 364 power pistons 292.

When the working pressure of cavity was lower than scheduled pressure value in the piston, another actuator 363 that the structure of closing and opening 369 of control petcock 263 can be started by the signal 365 from transducer 361 was controlled by installing 367.In cavity, can survey the working pressure that the true pressure of cavity whether is lower than piston automatically for the measurement of a signal 371 of transducer 361 and/or 366.This may be useful especially when piston pressure is lower than predetermined pressure.

Figure 11 G schematically shows the lid 312,312 ' of a spring 310 that has the housing 311 that is connected to valve actuator 315.Spring 310 can keep opening 314 tight closure.The contact area 313 of lid 312 and cylinder 282 (Figure 11 D).On lid 312, become big lid and can move to and cover the position shown in 312 ', make the power equilibrium that covers up to media/medium by cavity from the power of cavity.Spring 310 can determine to depress the pressure maximum value of spool pin 245.A Schneider (Schrader) valve 260.

Figure 12 shows an elongated piston rod 320, and wherein pair of pistons 321,322 is arranged on the place, end of piston rod 323, and this piston rod can move in a bearing 324.

Figure 13 A, B, C show the combination of a pump and a pressurization cavity and a piston, and described this pressurization cavity has flexibly deformable and has the wall of different lateral cross section areas, and described piston has a fixing geometrical shape.In a housing of the fixing cylinder of physical dimension is for example arranged, an inflatable cavity is set, this cavity is inflatable by a fluid (an incompressible and/or compressible fluid).Also can save described housing.Inflatable wall for example comprises liner one fiber, one covering composition or adds an antiseepage cortex again.With respect to an axis that is parallel to motion, the angle on piston seal surface is bigger slightly than the respective angles of cavity wall.This difference between the two described angles and take place to such an extent that postpone slightly (by a viscosity incompressible fluid for example being set in cavity wall and/or correctly regulating load adjustment device in the temporary transient distortion of piston action lower wall, described load adjustment device is similar to the device that is used for piston that those have illustrated) situation one seal lip is provided, in the process of the motion between two-piston and/or all cavitys position, the sealing lip can change to the distance of cavity central axis.This provides the variation of cross sectional area in one-stroke, thereby a programmable steering force is provided.But piston can also be identical along the cross section of moving direction, or the angle of cavity wall becomes a negative angle relatively, and in these cases, " the nose portion " of piston can be rounded.In the in the end mentioned situation, provide the cross sectional area that changes may be more difficult, also thereby the more difficult programmable power that provides.The wall of cavity can be equipped with the load adjustment device shown in all oneself, as shown on Figure 12 B, and, if desired, the shape adjustment device can be housed.The speed of piston in cavity may be to being sealed with influence.

Figure 13 A shows the piston 230 at four piston position places in cavity 231.Be provided with a fixedly housing 234 of physical dimension around an inflatable wall.In described wall 234, be provided with a compressible fluid 232 and an incompressible fluid 233.Can be provided with a valve arrangement (not shown) that is used for the wall inflation.Piston only is an example in the shape of pressurized side not, so that the principle of seal lip to be shown.Shown in lateral cross section in, be roughly 39% in stroke end and the distance between the seal lip that stroke begins to locate.The shape of longitudinal cross-section may with shown in different.

Figure 13 B shows the piston after the beginning one-stroke.Distance from seal lip 235 to central axis 236 is z ₁Angle between the central axis 236 of piston seal antelabium 235 and cavity is ξ.Angle between cavity wall and the central axis 236 is v.Angle v is depicted as less than angle ξ.Seal lip 235 is arranged to angle V and becomes the same with angle ξ big.

Other embodiment of piston is not shown.

Figure 13 C shows the piston in one-stroke.Foot from seal lip 235 to central axis 236 is from being z ₂, this distance is less than z ₁

Figure 13 D shows the piston that almost is arranged in stroke end.Distance from seal lip 235 to central axis 236 is z ₃, this distance is less than z ₂

Figure 14 shows a cavity wall and the combination with piston of 2～28 geometry-variables, and it is suitable for adapting to each other in throw of pump, to seal continuously.It has it as manufacturing dimension at the second lengthwise position place of cavity.Be depicted as the cavity at Figure 13 A, it only has an incompressible medium 237 here, and piston 450 be positioned at one-stroke begin the place, piston 450 ' then is depicted as just in time before the end of one-stroke.Equally, here also can use all other embodiments of piston that can be varying sized.The speed of correct selection piston and the viscosity of medium 237 may produce active influence to work.In the cavity longitudinal cross-section shape shown in Figure 14 also can be different.

Figure 15 A～F shows have the different size cross section example of cavity of (it has fixing circumferential lengths size).This is another method that solves the piston obstructing problem of the WO00/70227 that is quoted.In this specific cavity, when allowing the part of chamber wall (the central axis distance with cavity on its longitudinal cross-section at cavity is different), can use the reinforcing section of cortex, for example the position of the reinforcing section of Fig. 8 D is roughly parallel to the central axis of cavity, and work as reinforcing section and constitute by for example elasticity thread (Fig. 6 D, 6E) or by those (the allowing each to have independently size) shown in Fig. 6 F, the 6G, piston as claimed in claim 1 can be operated well.Shown in Fig. 9 A, 9B those also can be operated well.The piston that comprises non-resilient deformable cavity volume or elastically deformable cavity volume, its manufacturing dimension is roughly in identical with the peripheral length of first lengthwise position of cavity, has a reinforcing section, it allows to shrink with high frictional force, thereby in this cavity, move clog-freely, and when the cross section has different peripheral size, can be at the cavity internal congestion.If the braid angle of the reinforcing section of cavity volume becomes 54 ° 44 ', then the elastically deformable cavity volume becomes non-resilient deformablely, i.e. flexible deformable, but it can not block in these cavitys is because it can be crooked.If between two positions on the moving direction, be continuous at the area of the cross section of piston and/or cavity, and also still big like that, this can cause leakage.Making the variation of other parameter in this cross section reduce to minimum degree is good.This situation for example can be utilized, and a circular cross-section (solid shape) illustrates: the circumferential lengths of circle is π D, and its area is 1/4 π D ²(D is this circular diameter).In other words, the reducing of D only makes the circumferential lengths linearity reduce, but its area quadratic power ground is reduced.It also is possible only reducing area and still keep its circumferential lengths constant.If for example Yuan shape is also fixed, certain minimum area is so just arranged.By utilizing the Fourier series expansion of mentioning below, can wherein be shaped as the senior mathematical computations of a parameter.The cross section of pressurizing chamber and/or piston can have Any shape, and it can determine that this curve seals by at least one curve, and available two unique modulus parameterization fourier progression expanding method formulas determine substantially.One in each coordinate function is:

$f\left(x\right)=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="c"\; filenames="A20038010479701011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">c</figure-callout>}}_0}{2}+\underset{p=1}{\overset{\&infin;}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{c}_p\cos \left(\mathrm{px}\right)+\underset{p=1}{\overset{\&infin;}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{d}_p\sin \left(\mathrm{px}\right)$

In the formula

$c_p=\frac{2}{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\&Integral;}_0^{\mathrm{\&pi;}}f\left(x\right)\cos \left(\mathrm{px}\right)\mathrm{dx}$

$d_p=\frac{2}{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\&Integral;}_0^{\mathrm{\&pi;}}f\left(x\right)\sin \left(\mathrm{px}\right)\mathrm{dx}$

0≤x≤2π，x∈R

p≥0，p∈N

c _pThe cos weighted mean value of=f (x),

The cos weighted mean value of dp=f (x)

P=represents the order of magnitude of trigonometry precision

Figure 15 A, 15E illustrate the example of described curve by the one group of different parameter that utilizes following formula.In these examples, only two parameters are used.If use more parameter, just can find the optimization curve, these curves can adapt to other important requirement, for example to the requirement of the transition curve of curve; Transition curve has a specific maximum radius and/or for example at the maximum tension of hermetic unit, makes the tension force of hermetic unit under setting pressure can not surpass this maximum value.As an example: Figure 15 F illustrates optimized convex curve and non-convex curve, and these curves can be situated between that line length is fixed at the interface and mathematics curvature is applied to various possible distortion under for minimum constraint conditio.By utilizing starting area and initial interface length, just can calculate minimum curvature for a desired specific demarcation area.

Be illustrated in this piston in the longitudinal section in this cavity and mainly be border curve at its cross section and be under the situation of circle and draw.In other words: have at this cavity under the situation of those the non-circle cross-sections as shown in Figure 15 A, 15E, 15F, the shape of this piston in this longitudinal section is different.

According to this formula whole closed curves that can draw, for example C curve is (referring to PCT/DK97/00223, Figure 1A).A feature of these curves is: when a straight line when the mathematics limit that is positioned at sectional plane is drawn, this line at least with this curve intersection once, these curves are for the straight line symmetry at this sectional plane, but also can produce these curves with following single fourier progression expanding method formula.When the curve of this cross section was positioned at this cross sectional planes relatively and passes through the straight line symmetry of this mathematics limit, piston or cavity will be easy to produce more.Such ordinary curve can determine approx with single fourier progression expanding method formula:

$f\left(x\right)=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="c"\; filenames="A20038010479701011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">c</figure-callout>}}_0}{2}+\underset{p=1}{\overset{\&infin;}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{c}_p\cos \left(\mathrm{px}\right)$

In the formula

$c_p=\frac{2}{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\&Integral;}_0^{\mathrm{\&pi;}}f\left(x\right)\cos \left(\mathrm{px}\right)\mathrm{dx}$

0≤x≤2π，x∈R

p≥0，p∈N

The weighted mean value of Cp=f (x)

P=represents the order of magnitude of trigonometry precision

When straight line is when this mathematics limit is drawn, this straight line forever only with this curve intersection once.

The specifically created part of this cavity and/or piston cross section can be determined approx with following formula:

$f\left(x\right)=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="c"\; filenames="A20038010479701011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">c</figure-callout>}}_0}{2}+\underset{p=1}{\overset{\&infin;}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{c}_p\cos \left(3\mathrm{px}\right)$

In the formula

$f\left(x\right)={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="r"\; filenames="A20038010479701011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}_0+a.\sqrt[2m]{{\sin }^2\left(\frac{n}{2}\right)x}$

$c_p=\frac{6}{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\&Integral;}_0^{\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{3}}f\left(x\right)\cos \left(3\mathrm{px}\right)\mathrm{dx}$

0≤x≤2π，x∈R

p≥0，p∈N

The weighted mean value of Cp=f (x)

P=represents the order of magnitude of trigonometry precision

And this cross section in rho theta system is herein represented approx with following formula:

In the formula

r ₀≥0，

a≥0，

m≥0，m∈R，

n≥0，n∈R，

0≤≤2π，

And in the formula

The limit of " lobe " of r=in the circular section of drive pin,

r ₀=around the radius of the circular section of drive pin,

The scale factor of a=" lobe " length,

r _max＝r ₀+a，

M=is used to determine the parameter of " lobe " width,

N=is used to determine the parameter of " lobe " quantity,

The angle of this curve ranges of=delimitation

Owing to the character of piston apparatus hermetic unit inlet is placed near stroke end.

These specific cavitys can be shaped with injection-molding and produce, for example also available so-called superplastic forming method is produced, and in the superplastic forming method, aluminium sheet is heated, with air pressure their total heads are gone in the tool cavity then, perhaps also can utilize movement of tool to be shaped.

Figure 15 A shows a series of cross sections of cavity, and wherein area is with certain stepped minimizing, circumferential lengths remains unchanged simultaneously, and these are determined by one in two unique modulus parameterization fourier progression expanding method formulas, each position function.On the upper left side is a cross section, and it is initial in this a series cross section.The set of parameter that uses is shown in the bottom of figure.This series shows the area that cross section reduces.Boldface type shows the sectional area of difform minimizing among the figure, and one of the upper left corner is the starting area size.

Figure 15 B shows the longitudinal cross-section of cavity 162, and its cross-section area is by keeping circumferential lengths to change along central axis.Piston 163.The cross section that cavity has wall section 155,156,157,158 is the long-pending part of varying cross-section.Transition part 159,160,161 is between described wall section.Show G-G, H-H and I-I.Cross section G-G has a circular cross-section, and cross section H-H152 has about 90～70% of cross section G-G area simultaneously.

Figure 15 C illustrates the cross section H-H152 of Fig. 7 G, and indicates relatively cross section G-G150 with dotted line.Cross section H-H has the 90-70% that is about cross section G-G area.Shown in level and smooth transition part 151 are parts minimum in this cavity, it has and is about 50% of G-G section area.

Figure 15 D illustrates the I-I cross section of Fig. 7 G, and with dashed lines indicates G-G cross section relatively.Cross section I-I have an appointment the G-G cross section area 70%.Transition part 153 is level and smooth, and showing it is least part in this cavity.

Figure 15 E illustrates a series of cross sections of cavity, and wherein area is with certain stepped minimizing, but its circumferential lengths remains unchanged, and these are to determine by one in two unique modulus parameterization fourier progression expanding method formulas, each position function.On the upper left side is a cross section, and it is initial in this a series cross section.The set of parameter that uses is shown in the bottom of figure.This series shows the area that cross section reduces.But, these areas are increased by keeping circumferential lengths constant.Boldface type shows the sectional area of difform minimizing among the figure, and one of the upper left corner is the starting area size.The area on the right side, bottom is 49% of this starting area size approximately.

Figure 15 F illustrates the more optimized curves that are suitable for certain fixed length border curve.Be used for corresponding to the general formula of the minimum profile curvature radius of this figure maximum curvature shown in Fig. 7 L be:

$r=\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{\&pi;}(L-\sqrt{L^2-\left(4\mathrm{\&pi;}{A}_1\right)})$

This length y be by

$y=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{L^2-4\mathrm{\&pi;}{A}_1}$

Determine.

In the formula, the r=minimum profile curvature radius

L=interface length=constant

A ₁=domain area A ₀The value of being reduced

Situation with Fig. 3 D is an example: the territory area A ₀=π (30) ², interface length L=60 π=188.5, they are corresponding to the circumferential lengths and the area of the dish of radius 30.This length requirement remains unchanged, but its area requirements value of being reduced to A ₁The last cross section figure of expectation should have area A ₁=π (19/2) ²=283.5.Convex curve with the possible minimum curvature at this interface is now:

r＝1.54

k＝1/r＝0.65

x＝89.4

Curve is not in the figure drawn in proportion, and this figure just shows basic principle.

This curve can also be further optimized by crooked conversion start line, can improve the sealing of piston to wall like this.

Figure 16 shows an assemblying body, and wherein piston comprises an elastically deformable cavity volume 372, and this cavity volume (for example, is shown in around the center of central axis 370) motion in cavity 375 and between cylinder wall 374 and tapered wall 373.This piston hangs at least one piston rod 371.The cavity volume 372,372 ' that illustrates is positioned at second lengthwise position and first lengthwise position 372 of described cavity 372 '.

Disclosed all schemes can combine with piston in the presents, and as the scheme that solves obstructing problem, the type of described piston is that cavity has the fixedly cross section of circumferential lengths size.

Figure 17 A shows the protruding cavity 400 with wall 401." s " represents stroke.

Figure 17 B shows the figure of the power-stroke of direction shown in Figure 17 A.This curve shows, when operator's operating pumps stroke (wherein the fluid of Yin Ruing roughly is positioned at first lengthwise position of cavity, and the fluid of outflow roughly is positioned at second lengthwise position of cavity), and the variation of the optimum of power.This curve is roughly tangent with maximum steering force at the place, end of pump stroke.

Figure 18 A shows the example of a removable power subsystem 500.What illustrate moves through landing umbrella shape parts 501 and is undertaken by wheel 502.

Figure 18 B shows removable power subsystem 500, and this power subsystem comprises a cover solar cell 503 and a motor 504 at top.In addition, also have a water pump 505, and a compressor 506, control unit 507.

Claims (98)

1. the assemblying body of a piston-cavity, it comprises by an inner chamber body wall (156,185,238) slender cavity that defines (162,186,231), and this assemblying body also comprises and comprises a piston, this piston is located in the described cavity, can the motion hermetically between first and second lengthwise positions of described cavity at least of described relatively cavity

The cross section of described cavity has different cross sectional areas at the first and second lengthwise position places of described cavity, and the central longitudinal between first and second lengthwise positions of cavity has continuous at least substantially different cross sectional areas and circumferential lengths to the position, and at the cross sectional area at the first lengthwise position place greater than cross sectional area at the second lengthwise position place

Described piston comprises a cavity volume (208,208 ', 217,217 ', 228,228 ', 258,258 ', 450,450 '), it is for flexibly deformable, the cross sectional area and the circumferential lengths of different piston can be provided so that piston from second lengthwise position of described cavity pass described in the middle of lengthwise position adjust the different cross sectional areas and different circumferential lengths that piston adapts to described cavity during reaching the relative movement of first lengthwise position

Wherein,

Under the situation that does not have pressure and distortion, piston is made with cavity volume (208,208 ', 217,217 ', 228,228 ', 258,258 ', 450,450 ') manufacturing dimension, wherein in described second lengthwise position, the circumferential lengths of piston equals the circumferential lengths of described cavity (162,186,231) approx, therefore the cavity volume longitudinal direction of cavity relatively can make piston expand from manufacturing dimension from described second lengthwise position during first lengthwise position relatively moves at piston from the manufacturing dimension horizontal expansion.

2. assemblying body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that cavity volume (208,208 ', 217,217 ', 228,288 ' 258,258 ', 450,450 ') be expandable, described cavity volume is resiliently deformable and expands, for piston different cross sectional area and circumferential lengths.

3. assemblying body as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that described cavity the cross sectional area of second lengthwise position be described cavity cross sectional area that first lengthwise position goes out 98%～5% between.

4. assemblying body as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described cavity the cross sectional area at the second lengthwise position place be described cavity the cross sectional area at the first lengthwise position place 95% to 15% between.

5. assemblying body as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the cross sectional area of described cavity at the second lengthwise position place is described cavity at 50% of the cross sectional area at the first lengthwise position place.

6. as each described assemblying body in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that cavity (208,208 ', 217,217 ', 228,228 ', 258,258 ', 450,450 ') comprises a deformable material (205,206).

7. assemblying body as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, deformable material (205,206) is fluid or fluid mixture for example water, steam and/or gas or foamed material.

8. as each described assemblying body of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that the variability material comprises the device of elastic force operation, for example spring.

9. as claim 6 or 7 described assemblying bodys, it is characterized in that, in passing the cross section of longitudinal direction, cavity volume has one first shape when being arranged on first lengthwise position of cavity (162,186,231), and one second shape of this first shape when being different from cavity volume and being arranged on second lengthwise position of described cavity.

10. assemblying body as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, to the deformable material (206) of small part be compressible, and wherein, the area of first shape is greater than the area of second shape.

11. assemblying body as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, deformable material (206) is incompressible substantially at least.

12. it is, it is characterized in that cavity volume is inflatable, and inflatable to a certain predetermined force value as claim 6 or 7 described assemblying bodys.

13. assemblying body as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, it is constant that pressure keeps in stroke.

14., it is characterized in that piston (208 as each described assemblying body in the claim 6 to 13,208 ', 217,217 ', 228,228 ', 258,258 ', 450,450 ') comprise an enclosed space (210,243) that is communicated with the deformable cavity volume, described enclosed space (210,243) has a variable volume.

15. assemblying body as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, this volume is adjustable.

16. assemblying body as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, first enclosed space (210) comprises the pressure regulating piston (126) of a spring bias voltage.

17. as each described assemblying body in the claim 14 to 16, it is characterized in that, also comprise and be used for limiting the volume of first enclosed space (210) so that the device (126 of the pressure correlation in the hydrodynamic pressure of first enclosed space (210) and second enclosed space (243), 195,246,248,249,273,274).

18. assemblying body as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, device for limiting (126,194,195,246,248,249,273,274) is limited to the pressure that limits in the stroke in first enclosed space (210).

19. assemblying body as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, device for limiting (126,195,246,248,249,273,274) is limited in the stroke the substantially constant at least of the pressure in first enclosed space (210).

20. assemblying body as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, the pressure regulating piston (126) of spring bias voltage is an one-way valve (242), and the fluid of an external pressure source can pass it and flow into first enclosed space (210).

21. assemblying body as claimed in claim 20, it is characterized in that, can pass a gas charging valve from external pressure source from the fluid of an external pressure source and enter second enclosed space (243), this gas charging valve is preferably the valve that has by a core pin (245) of spring bias voltage, as a Schneider (Schrader) valve (241).

22. assemblying body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, piston (248) is communicated with a valve (260) at least.

23. assemblying body as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, piston comprises a pressure source.

24. assemblying body as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, this asks it is a gas charging valve, is preferably the valve that has by a core pin (245) of spring bias voltage, as a Schneider (Schrader) valve (260).

25. assemblying body as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, this valve is an one-way valve.

26. assemblying body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the bottom (262) of cavity (162,186,231) connects a valve (263,269) at least.

27. assemblying body as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, this petcock is a gas charging valve, be preferably the valve that has by a core pin (245) of spring bias voltage, as a Schneider (Schrader) valve (263), described core pin when closing this valve towards cavity (162,186,231) motion.

28., it is characterized in that the core pin (245) of valve (260,263) is connected to a valve actuator as claim 24 or 26 described assemblying bodys, this actuator is used to open or close valve.

29. assemblying body as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, actuator is to be used for the valve actuator of working with the valve of the spool pin that is provided with spring force operation, and it comprises:

One is connected to a housing of a pressure medium source;

One in this housing:

One is used to admit a junction branch of the valve that will activate,

One had a predetermined cylindrical wall diameter cylindrical wall the cylinder that surrounds, it has one first cylinder end and leaves attachment portion one second cylinder end far away than described first cylinder end,

An one movable piston that is arranged in the cylinder, and described piston is fixedly connected to and is used for the actuator pin that the spring force operation spool pin joint with the valve that is received in the attachment portion closes, and

One guiding channel, be used for when piston motion is in a first piston position of leaving described first cylinder end, one first intended distance to it, pressure medium is guided to the attachment portion from cylinder end, and when piston motion is in one second piston position that leaves first cylinder end, one second intended distance to it, stop cylinder end

And to the described guiding of pressure medium, and described second distance is greater than described first distance between the attachment portion,

Wherein,

One guiding channel is arranged in the described cylinder, and is provided with at the cylinder wall of predetermined cylinder wall diameter and partly locates to lead to cylinder, and

One piston comprises a piston ring that has a seal lip, described seal lip cooperates hermetically with described cylinder wall part, thereby stop pressure medium from described second cylinder end is directed to passage described second piston position, thereby open the passage that leads to described second cylinder end in described first piston position.

30. assemblying body as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, actuator is to be used for the valve actuator of working with the valve of the spool pin that is provided with spring force operation, and it comprises:

One is connected to a housing of a pressure medium source;

One in this housing;

One is used to admit a junction branch of the valve that will activate,

One by a cylinder that is had a cylindrical wall of being scheduled to the cylindrical wall diameter circumferentially to surround, it has one first cylinder end and leaves attachment portion one second cylinder end far away than described first cylinder end, and described second cylinder end is connected to the housing that is used to admit from the pressure medium of described pressure source

An one movable piston that is arranged in the cylinder, and described piston is fixedly connected to and is used for the actuator pin that the spring force operation spool pin joint with the valve that is received in the attachment portion closes, and

One a guiding channel between described second cylinder end and described attachment portion, be used for when piston motion is in a first piston position of leaving described first cylinder end, one first intended distance to it, pressure medium is guided to the attachment portion from described second cylinder end, and when piston motion is in one second piston position that leaves first cylinder end, one second intended distance to it, stop described second cylinder end

And to the described guiding of pressure medium, and described second distance is greater than described first distance between the attachment portion,

Wherein,

One guiding channel is arranged in the described cylinder, and is provided with a channel part of partly locating to lead to cylinder at the cylinder wall with described predetermined cylinder wall diameter, and

One piston comprises a piston ring that has a seal lip, described seal lip cooperates hermetically with described cylinder wall part, and the seal lip of described piston ring is between described channel part and described second cylinder end in described second piston position, thereby stop pressure medium from described second cylinder end is directed to passage described second piston position, and the seal lip of described piston ring is between described channel part and described first cylinder end in described first piston position, thereby opens the passage that leads to described second cylinder end in described first piston position.

31. assemblying body as claimed in claim 28, it is characterized in that actuator is one and is used for cavity volume type piston pressure management system and gets actuator valve, wherein stress management system is input to cavity volume type internal piston with compressed air, described valve comprises, one has the valve body of cylindrical center passage, this access portal is to the inside of described compressed fluid and described cavity volume type piston

One spring-loaded is blocked central passage at the one-way valve of central passage when closed check valve, allow to flow when one-way valve opens.

One spring slides and loads piston, and above the one-way valve of this piston in described passage, this piston slides into the enable possition from closed position towards described one-way valve when supplying with described compressed fluid, when removing described compressed fluid, closes again.Described piston and described central passage surface engagement, and have enough spaces and allow unrestricted slip, but reveal near enough making the compressed fluid between described piston and central passage surface inadequately, when described piston is shifted to open position, one curved bar combines by the piston drive and with described one-way valve and opens it, and allows compressed fluid to lead to described one-way valve and described cavity volume type internal piston.

One fixing plug is located between the piston that described one-way valve and curved bar extend through in the described central passage, and this plug and described piston be usually with axially-spaced, but adjacent with described piston at its open position.Described plug has a through hole, this through hole enters into space between described plug and the piston at radial through hole point near described curved bar from atmosphere, the compressed fluid that makes mobile hourglass cross described piston like this between described plug and piston, will not be compressed delay its motion and

The one circular compression strip of paper used for sealing around described through hole point, when described piston and plug closed on, this compression strip of paper used for sealing was compressed, and made the pressurized air that leaked described piston can not enter into atmosphere when one-way valve opens.

32. assemblying body as claimed in claim 28, it is characterized in that actuator is one and is used for cavity volume type piston pressure management system and gets actuator valve, wherein stress management system is input to cavity volume type internal piston with compressed fluid, described valve comprises, one has the valve body of cylindrical center passage, this access portal is to the inside of described compressed fluid and described cavity volume type piston

One spring-loaded is blocked central passage at the one-way valve of central passage when closed check valve, allow to flow when one-way valve opens.

One spring slides and loads piston, and above the one-way valve of this piston in described passage, this piston slides into the enable possition from closed position towards described one-way valve when supplying with described compressed fluid, when removing described compressed fluid, closes again.Described piston and described central passage surface engagement, and have enough spaces and allow unrestricted slip, but near the compressed fluid between described piston and central passage surface is revealed, when described piston is shifted to open position,

One curved bar combines by the piston drive and with described one-way valve and opens it, and allows compressed fluid to lead to described one-way valve and described cavity volume type internal piston.

With an outside circular disk and an inner annular disk, this disk is adjacent and form a plug between the piston that described one-way valve and curved bar extend through in described central passage.Common and the described outside disk axially-spaced of described piston, but it is adjacent at its open position, described have the radial outside disk near described curved bar in a series of hole and be opened on a series of recesses in the described internal circular disc and form from atmosphere enter into the through hole in space between described plug and the piston so that the compressed fluid of crossing described piston when mobile hourglass is not compressed to delay its motion between described plug and piston, with

One is surrounded on the annular compression strip of paper used for sealing in described hole, and when described piston and plug closed on, this compression strip of paper used for sealing was compressed, and makes the pressurized air that leaked described piston can not enter into atmosphere when one-way valve opens.

33. assemblying body as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that an actuator pin that is used to be connected to gas charging valve comprises

One is connected to the housing with pressure source;

In housing

One attachment hole, its outer dia with central shaft and inside diameter and gas charging valve is corresponding, this gas charging valve be connected with actuator pin and;

One cylinder and between cylinder and pressure source, produce the device of liquid medium,

Actuator pin wherein

Layout is engaged in the central spring power of the core pin of operation gas charging valve;

Layout is positioned on the elongation line of the coaxial attachment hole of housing and central shaft;

Comprise the piston portion with piston, its piston is placed in the cylinder, can move in the first piston position and second piston position;

Actuator pin comprises a passage;

Described piston portion comprises first end and second end, and wherein piston is positioned at first end, and described passage has an opening at first end;

Valve portion movably in passage, at first valve position and second valve position, its power that is applied on the valve portion surface drives, wherein said first valve position is opened described opening, described second valve position close described opening and;

The piston portion top forms the front cover that is used for valve with valve seat.

34. assemblying body as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that valve actuator is one to be used to connect the actuator pin of gas charging valve, comprising:

One housing

In housing, be connected with a gas charging valve with attachment hole, attachment hole has a central shaft and an outside opening;

Be used for when attachment hole connects fixedly the fixing device of gas charging valve and;

One actuator pin, it is axial arranged with attachment hole, is used to depress the core pin of the gas charging valve of being operated by central spring power;

One cylinder, it has the cylinder wall that pressure port is provided, and pressure port is connected with pressure source, wherein;

Actuator pin with respect to fixing device between the position of an immediate pin and position, move with the pin of tip with the device that is fixed when gas charging valve fixing in, depress the core pin of gas charging valve in the position of depressing its tip pin, and break away from the core pin of gas charging valve in the position of its immediate pin;

Actuator pin be connected with piston and piston is slidably arranged in the cylinder, this piston moves between the pin of nearest pin and tip with respect to the position of the pin of the position of nearest pin and tip;

Piston is placed in the cylinder, between pressure port and attachment hole, the pressure-driven that this piston is provided to cylinder by pressure source in the piston position of its nearest piston position and its tip and;

Flow adjustement device is used for selectively interrupting and discharging stream between pressure source and the attachment hole and be conditioned so that be fixed device at least fixedly the time when gas charging valve according to position of piston, interrupt stream at nearest piston position, at the piston position release stream of tip

35. assemblying body as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, piston comprises the device that is used to obtain a predetermined pressure level.

36., it is characterized in that valve is a relief valve as claim 22 or 35 described assemblying bodys.

37. assemblying body as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that, when pressure is higher than a certain scheduled pressure value, and the passage (286) of lid (312,312 ') cut-off valve actuator (315) top of spring force operation.

38. assemblying body as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that,

One passage can open or close, and this passage connects cavity (186) and the space (305,306,307) between valve actuator (261) and core pin (245),

One piston (292) can motion between the open position (294) of described passage and a closed position (295), and

The motion of one piston (292) is controlled by an actuator (363), and this actuator is to handle according to the pressure measurements in piston (208,208 ', 217,217 ', 228,228 ', 238,238 ', 450,450 ').

39. assemblying body as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, a passage (297) can open or close, and this passage connects cavity (186) and the space (305,306,307) between valve actuator (261) and core pin (245).

40., it is characterized in that a piston (292) can motion between the open position (294) of described passage and a closed position (295) as claim 27 or 39 described assemblying bodys.

41. assemblying body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, piston (292) is operated by a pedal (265) of operator control, and described pedal turns to one around one (264) from a unactuated position (277) and activates position (277 ') or conversely.

42. assemblying body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, piston (292) is controlled by an actuator (366), and this actuator is that basis is at piston (208,208 ', 217,217 ', 228,228 ', 238,238 ', 450,450 ') pressure measurements in is handled.

43. as each described assemblying body in the claim 14 to 16, it is characterized in that, also comprise be used for stroke limit enclosed space (325) volume so that the hydrodynamic pressure in enclosed space (210) with act on piston (208, the device (321 of the pressure correlation 208 '), 322,323,324).

44. as each described assemblying body in the claim 7 to 19, it is characterized in that, foamed material or fluid are suitable at piston (148,149) second lengthwise position from cavity (216) moves to its first lengthwise position or the process conversely, and the pressure of the maximum pressure of a projecting atmosphere is provided in cavity volume.

45. assemblying body as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that assemblying body comprises a pressure source (701).

46. assemblying body as claimed in claim 45 is characterized in that the stress level of pressure source (701) is higher than the cavity volume stress level of (208,208 ', 217,217 ', 228,228 ', 238,238 ', 450,450 ').

47. assemblying body as claimed in claim 45 is characterized in that pressure source (701) is communicated with cavity volume (208,208 ', 217,217 ', 228,228 ', 238,238 ', 450,450 ') by an outlet valve (704) and a suction valve (702).

48. assemblying body as claimed in claim 47, it is characterized in that outlet valve (704) is a gas charging valve, this valve is preferably with the valve by a core pin of spring bias voltage, a Schneider (Schrader) valve for example, and described core pin moves to pressure source (701) when cut-off valve.

49. assemblying body as claimed in claim 47 is characterized in that suction valve (702) is a gas charging valve, this valve is preferably with the valve by a core pin of spring bias voltage, a Schneider (Schrader) valve for example, described core pin when cut-off valve to cavity volume (208,208 ', 217,217 ', 228,228 ', 238,238 ', 450,450 ') move.

50. assemblying body as claimed in claim 48 is characterized in that passage (297) can be opened or close, this passage connects cavity (708) and space (305,306,307) between actuator (261) and core pin (245).

51. assemblying body as claimed in claim 49 is characterized in that passage (297) can be opened or close, this passage connects cavity (707) and space (305,306,307) between actuator (261) and core pin (245).

52., it is characterized in that piston (292) is movably in the open position (292 ') and the closed position (292) of described passage as claim 50 or 51 described assemblying bodys.

53. assemblying body as claimed in claim 48 is characterized in that

One passage (297) can be opened or close, and by space (712), this passage connects cavity (708) and space (305,306,307) between valve actuator (261) and core pin (245);

Piston (292) is movably in the open position (292 ') and the closed position (292) of described passage;

Piston (292) must move and be controlled by an actuator (722), and this actuator is to control according to measurement result and pressure source (701) in piston (208,208 ', 217,217 ', 228,228 ', 238,238 ', 450,450 ').

54. assemblying body as claimed in claim 49 is characterized in that

One passage (297) can be opened or close, and by space (710), this passage connects cavity (707) and space (305,306,307) between valve actuator (261) and core pin (245);

Piston (292) is movably in the open position (292 ') and the closed position (292) of described passage;

The motion of piston (292) is controlled by an actuator (723), and this actuator is to control according to measurement result and pressure source (701) in piston (208,208 ', 217,217 ', 228,228 ', 238,238 ', 450,450 ').

55., it is characterized in that chamber wall comprises that one comprises the flexibly deformable material of reinforced structure as the described assemblying body of claim 6 to 19.

56. assemblying body as claimed in claim 55 is characterized in that, being wound with of reinforcing section departed from 54 ° 44 ' braid angle.

57. as the described assemblying body of claim 55 to 56, it is characterized in that stiffening device comprises a fabric reinforcing section, this fabric reinforcing section can be expanded when first lengthwise position moves at cavity, and can shrink when second lengthwise position moves.

58. piston as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that this piston can be by the manufacturing system manufacturing with a plurality of sulfuration inner chambers.

59. as claim 55 or 56 described assemblying bodys, it is characterized in that stiffening device comprises fiber, this fiber can be expanded when first lengthwise position moves at cavity, and can shrink when second lengthwise position moves.

60. assemblying body as claimed in claim 59, it is characterized in that piston can be by the manufacturing system manufacturing with a plurality of sulfuration inner chambers (801), and by rotate fiber 802 and lid 800 with friction speed, fiber (802) is positioned in and covers in 800 the hole (801), simultaneously, fiber 802 is pushed into and covers 800 inside.

61. assemblying body as claimed in claim 59 is characterized in that, fiber is arranged according to the lattice effect.

62. assemblying body as claimed in claim 55, it is characterized in that, reinforced structure comprises the flexible material that is arranged in the cavity volume, and described flexible material comprises a plurality of flexible at least substantially supporting element that is rotatably mounted on public, and this public cortex that is connected to cavity volume.

63. assemblying body as claimed in claim 62 is characterized in that, described supporting element and/or public are inflatable.

64. assemblying body as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the device that the pressure on the chamber wall is controlled by spring force applies.

65. assemblying body as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that piston comprises a reinforcing part that is positioned at the cavity volume outside.

66. assemblying body as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that cavity volume 372,372 ' is mobile in cylinder around taper wall 372.

67. assemblying body as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that cavity is protruding, and steering force reaches a maximum, force of setting in stroke.

68. the assemblying body of an any as described above described assemblying body of claim or a piston comprises a cavity volume, this assemblying body has a flexible wall, has the close manufacturing dimension of the first lengthwise position length with cavity, it has reinforcing part, can allow to have the contraction of high frictional force, it is characterized in that different cross sections has different shape of cross sections, variation in cavity (162) first and second lengthwise positions very sectional shape is continuous at least substantially, and characteristics are that to be designed to adjust self be different shape of cross sections with seal arrangement to piston (163).

69. as the described assemblying body of claim 68, the cavity (162) that it is characterized in that being positioned at first lengthwise position is circular at least substantially, the shape of cross section that its feature also is to be positioned at the cavity (162) of second lengthwise position comprises two or more basic at least parts of elongating, for example oval, its first size is 2 times with the angled size of first size at least, for example 3 times, particularly at least 4 times.

70. as claim 68 or 69 described assemblying bodys, the cavity (162) that it is characterized in that being positioned at first lengthwise position is circular at least substantially, the shape of cross section that its feature also is to be positioned at the cavity (162) of second lengthwise position comprises two or more basic at least part of elongating, for example microscler parts of ear-lobe.

71. as claim 68 or 69 described assemblying bodys, it is characterized in that first circumferential lengths in the shape of the cross section of the cylinder (162) at the first lengthwise position place is this 80%-120% in second circumferential lengths of the shape of the cross section of the second lengthwise position place cavity (162), as 85%-115%, 90%-110% particularly, as 95%-105%, 98%-102% particularly.

72. as described in claim 70, it is characterized in that first and second circumferential lengths is the same at least substantially.

73. the assemblying body of a piston-cavity, it comprises a slender cavity (231) that is defined by an inner chamber body wall, and comprises a piston that is located in the cavity, can moves hermetically therein,

One piston (230) can one second lengthwise position from it move to one first lengthwise position in cavity (231) at least,

One cavity (231) is included between first and second lengthwise positions, along a flexibly deformable inwall (238) to the cavity wall length of small part,

One this cavity (231) has its one first cross sectional area in this position when piston (230) is positioned at first lengthwise position, and this first cross sectional area greater than when piston (230) is positioned at second lengthwise position at one second cross sectional area of this position, when piston moves between first and second lengthwise positions, the variation of the cross section of the cavity between first and second lengthwise positions (231) is continuous substantially at least

Piston comprises a flexibly expandable cavity volume, and this piston has geometrical shape, mutually adjusts during stroke of piston, makes to continue sealing, and this piston has its manufacturing dimension when being positioned at second lengthwise position of cavity.

74., it is characterized in that piston (230) is made with incompressible at least substantially material as the described assemblying body of claim 73.

75. as claim 73 or 74 described assemblying bodys, it is characterized in that, piston (230) in the cross section of axis along the longitudinal, have along from first lengthwise position of cavity (231) to the tapered cross section of the direction in its second place cross section.

76. assemblying body as claimed in claim 47, it is characterized in that the angle (i) between the central axis (236) of wall (238) and cylinder (231) is at least less than the wall of the part that is tapered of piston (230) and the angle (6) between the central axis (236) of cavity (231).

77., it is characterized in that cavity (231) comprising as each described assemblying body in the claim 73 to 76:

One the sealing inwall (238) external support structure (234) and

The fluid (232,233) that one space of being defined by external support structure (234) and inwall (238) keeps.

78., it is characterized in that the space of being defined by external support structure (234) and inwall (238) is inflatable as the described assemblying body of claim 77.

79., it is characterized in that piston (450 ') comprises a flexibly deformable cavity volume as the described assemblying body of claim 73, described cavity volume comprises a deformable material and designs according to claim 7 to 17.

80. the pump that the pump fluid is used, it has:

The described combination of any one claim of one front;

Be used for the device that is connected with piston from the cavity external position;

One fluid input that has a control valve unit and be connected with cavity; And

One fluid outlet that is connected with cavity.

81., it is characterized in that this connection set has an outer position as the described pump of claim 80, when this position, piston is in cavity first lengthwise position; Also have an interior location, when this position, piston is on cavity second lengthwise position.

82., it is characterized in that this connection set has an outer position as the described pump of claim 80, in the time of herein, piston is on cavity second lengthwise position; Also have an interior location, in the time of herein, piston is on cavity first lengthwise position.

83. an attenuator, it has:

Just like one of them described combination of claim 1-80;

Be used for the device that is connected with piston outside cavity, connection set has an outer position, and in the time of herein, piston is on its first lengthwise position; Also have an interior location, piston is on its second lengthwise position herein.

84., it is characterized in that also having one and link to each other with cavity and the fluid input of a control valve unit is arranged as the described attenuator of claim 83.

85., it is characterized in that also having one and link to each other with cavity and the fluid discharge outlet of a control valve unit is arranged as claim 83 or 84 described attenuators.

86., it is characterized in that cavity and piston form at least has the sealed haply cavity of fluid as one of them described attenuator of claim 83 to 85, when piston from first lengthwise position when second lengthwise position is moved, this fluid is compressed.

87., it is characterized in that also having as one of them described attenuator of claim 83 to 86 with the device of piston towards its first lengthwise position bias voltage.

88. an actuator, it has:

Just like one of them described combination of claim 1-80;

Be used for the device that a position is connected with piston outside cavity;

Be used for fluid is imported cavity moves piston between first and second lengthwise position device.

89., it is characterized in that, also comprise with cavity linking to each other, and the fluid inlet of a control valve unit is arranged as the described actuator of claim 88.

90., it is characterized in that, link to each other with cavity in addition, and a fluid floss hole of a control valve unit is arranged as claim 88 or 89 described actuators.

91. as one of them described actuator of claim 88-90, it is characterized in that, also have with the device of piston towards the first or second lengthwise position bias voltage.

92., it is characterized in that gatherer is useful on the device that pressure fluid is imported this cavity as one of them described actuator of claim 88-91.

93., it is characterized in that gatherer is used for the combustible fluid as gas and oil, fuel oil is imported this cavity as one of them described actuator of claim 88-91; Actuator makes the device of combustible fluid burning in addition.

94. as one of them described actuator of claim 88-91, it is characterized in that pouring into device because expansion fluid is imported cavity, its feature is that also this actuator also comprises the device that expansion fluid is expanded.

95. as one of them described actuator of claim 88-91, it is characterized in that, also be useful on the mobile crank that changes the crank rotation into this piston.

96. a motor is characterized in that it comprises each described assemblying body as claim 1-95.

97., comprising with power unit:

As each described assemblying body of claim 1-96;

One power source and a power unit.

98., it is characterized in that this unit is movably as the described power unit of claim 97.

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