CN1716723A - Leakage potential type action protector - Google Patents
Leakage potential type action protector Download PDFInfo
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- CN1716723A CN1716723A CN 200410021413 CN200410021413A CN1716723A CN 1716723 A CN1716723 A CN 1716723A CN 200410021413 CN200410021413 CN 200410021413 CN 200410021413 A CN200410021413 A CN 200410021413A CN 1716723 A CN1716723 A CN 1716723A
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Abstract
The leakage potential type action protector as one emergency protector consists of mainly signal monitoring unit, signal processing part, executing mechanism, test circuit, indication signal unit, etc. The leakage potential UE signal is obtained across the exposed conducting part of the electric equipment and one external conducting part, and once the leakage potential UE is detected, the power supply is cut off immediately. The present invention can avoid the damage on human body caused by leakage of electric product and contaminated power consumption environment, and provides the electric product with leakage protection function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention's electric potential type action protector that leaks electricity belongs to emergency protective device.
Background technology
Electricity, for the mankind have brought bright and civilization, for remarkable contribution has been made in the prosperity, the progress and development that promote society, still, because the person electric shock injures and deaths and the electrical fire accident of electric leakage generation have also been brought many miseries and disaster to the mankind.So since the invention electricity, people just in research electric leakage and earth leakage protective problem, have produced many earth leakage protective theories, method, circuit and device.So far, circuit and the product that mainly contains the method for following protection against electric shock and earth leakage protective method and produce according to these methods:
One. isolation method
Isolation method is the method that a kind of different parts of avoiding human body contacts the different potentials object simultaneously.As:
(1). guarantee safe distance
So-called electrical safety distance is between electrified body and the ground, between electrified body and the electrified body, between electrified body and the human body, between electrified body and other facilities and equipment, all should guarantee the safe distance that can not cause danger.
Adopting pulling switch and remote control etc., all is the good measure that guarantees safe distance protection against electric shock accident.
(2). take screen to protect
So-called screen protects, and by hiding hurdle, guard shield, protecting cover, chamber etc. electrified body is come the possibility of directly getting an electric shock with the minimizing personnel exactly with isolation.
(3). insulation
1. energized conductor is encapsulated in the good material the inside of insulation.Even adopt the functional insulation of Wrapping belt electric conductor and the protection insulation that contacts with human body, or two kinds of heavy insulations that insulation is integrated, so just can under the situation that functional insulation damages, still can effectively prevent the generation of electric shock accidents.
2. isolate human body and the earth or isolate human body and electrical equipment with insulant with insulant, for example, with insulating rod, insulating bar, insulated clamp, wear insulating gloves, wear insulated shoes and spread insulating carpet or the like on the ground.Using the way of insulant, for the electrical equipment operating personnel, is also to be essential effectively.People can use the charged branch of insulating bar, close transformer drop switch suitable for reading.This is an extraordinary irreplaceable electric shock prevention method.
The use of isolation method is subjected to the restriction of environment, place and condition.For example, during shower, the electric shock in the time of just can not adopting this method to prevent electric heating shower because of being short-circuited property of electrothermal tube explosion leak current fault.So though isolation method can effectively prevent to get an electric shock, its use is limited.
Two. equipotential bonding
Equipotential bonding as its name suggests, is to make each electric equipment conductive part that exposes and being electrically connected that the current potential that installs outer conductive part equates substantially.Usually equipotential bonding is divided into three levels, promptly total equipotential bonding, local equipotential bonding and auxiliary equipotential bonding.
The employing equipotential connects, and the people is in the equipotential environment, and the different parts of human body just can not touch the object of different potentials simultaneously, therefore can avoid electric leakage that the people is caused injury.
For example, but the metal door frame in conductive running water pipe, bathroom and conductive floor or the like outside conducting metal shell that electric heater is exposed and the electric heater, with being electrically connected that copper cash or copper coin do that current potential equates substantially.Like this, when being short-circuited property of electrothermal tube explosion leak current fault or because of power utilization environment pollutes, cause running water, when water pipe is charged, done in the subenvironment of equipotential bonding at this, the shell of electric heater, the water in the electric heater and the upper hose that links to each other with electric heater, doorframe, floor almost are same current potential.That is to say, make the current potential in the whole bathroom behind the equipotential bonding, all rise to the electric leakage current potential that almost is equal to the electric heater shell, or make the bathroom among a small circle in everywhere potential difference little of being lower than the voltage that is perfectly safe.Be in this equipotential environment, the different parts of human body just can not touch different current potentials simultaneously, and the potential difference of the different potentials point that perhaps touches simultaneously is lower than the voltage that is perfectly safe, and guarantees personal safety in the bathroom with this.
The big special place of shock hazard is classified as by international electrical engineering standard in the bathroom.Shock hazard in China bathroom also takes place repeatedly.This is that human body impedance descends greatly because the people is drenched all over body when taking a shower, and one, the 20 volt of voltage that imports the bathroom along metallic conduit promptly is enough to make the people ventricular fibrillation to take place and death.For this reason, in developed country,, then will not check and accept as not doing equipotential bonding (especially bathroom).International electrical engineering standard and developed country's electrical standard and China's electrical standard all are defined as it one of basic demand of electrical safety.
Carry out equipotential bonding artificially, just can not do an environment infinitely great.Like this, the environment of equipotential bonding and do not carry out total interface that has a transition between the environment of equipotential bonding.The step voltage on transition interface both sides just has the danger that electric shock takes place, and this is a kind of pollution to environment.Require to lay an equal pressure zone for this reason.Though, be limited equally so this method of getting an electric shock that prevents is effectively.
Equipotential bonding is a kind of earth leakage protective measure that can not the disengagement failure power supply.Britain IEE is combined into a measure with total equipotential bonding with cutting off the electricity supply automatically.That is to say that equipotential bonding can not become an independently earth leakage protective measure.
Three. ground protection
Ground protection is a special case of equipotential bonding, is to be the large-scale equipotential bonding of reference potential with the ground potential.For but conducting metal shell and the earth that electric equipment is exposed carries out equipotential bonding, so earth resistance should be the smaller the better.But because the restriction of technical conditions, earth resistance can not be little of equalling zero.So, can only be strict with earth resistance and be less than or equal to 4 Ω.Because earth resistance is far smaller than human body resistance, the shunting action of earth resistance has reduced the shock current of the human body of flowing through, and has played the effect of safeguard protection.
Ground connection, connecting to neutral system adopt the standard of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) more.Press the IEC regulation, low-voltage distribution ground connection, the connecting to neutral system is divided into IT, TT, three kinds of citation forms of TN.The ground state of the 2nd alphabetical reflected load side; T---expression load protection ground connection, but separate with system earth, belong to protective earthing system; N---expression load protection connecting to neutral links to each other with system works ground connection, belongs to the protection connecting to neutral system that says usually.It should be noted that: the inaccurate mixing way that adopts equipment component connecting to neutral, equipment component ground connection in same system.
The quantities of protection ground wire is big, expense is high, requirement is tight, be embedded in underground artificial earthing's utmost point is easy to be subjected to soil corrosion and lost efficacy because be provided with, so also want running check and maintenance.At China's (residenter house that China built before the nineties in 20th century; earth connection is not set mostly) and developing country even some developed countries in; especially middle samll cities and towns and vast country residents; most private residences all are not provided with the protective earthing line; in addition; some inconvenience of interim building site, commorancy or the like and area or place that the protection ground wire should not be set all are not provided with the protective earthing line yet, and this is undeniable present situation.Therefore, it is out of the question often that the strict demand user connects the protection ground wire reliably, well.
The earth leakage protective effect of ground protection and equipotential bonding, it is very big influenced by the randomness of site operation etc., the quality instability.Ground protection also is a kind of earth leakage protective measure that can not the disengagement failure power supply.In the TT distribution system of the neutral ground of power supply, when being short-circuited property of electric equipment leak current fault, even under the good situation of ground connection, at the electric equipment shell just with long-term existence voltage to earth U
EbSupply voltage is 220V, when earth resistance is 4 Ω, and U
EbValue is about 110V; If imperfect earth or inefficacy, U
EbValue is about 110V～220V.In addition, problem with grounding is very complicated, as unreal or the like the reason of contact, very easily causes catastrophic failures such as electrical fire.Simultaneously, the electric leakage current potential also can conduct mutually along ground wire, pollutes power utilization environment.
Four. the protection connecting to neutral
The protection philosophy of protection connecting to neutral is: the short circuit current that produces during with electric leakage is an electric leakage signal, forces overcurrent protective device to be cut off the electricity supply, and shortens the time that the electric leakage accident occurs whereby, guarantees personal safety.
The protection connecting to neutral mainly contains three big problems:
1. because short circuit current is very big, electrical fire, blast very easily take place in, lead overcurrent unreal as contact, overcurrent protection slow movement or the like reason, lead to bigger casualty accident and cause bigger property loss.
In a single day 2. wiring error occurs, L, N to timing, have been invited a wolf into house on the contrary, made the outer casing electrification of electric equipment, caused casualty accident.
3. break at mains side as zero line,, can make the outer casing electrification of all the connecting to neutral equipment behind the breakpoint, pollute power utilization environment in case leak electricity.
Five. install the voltage-type electric protective device additional
Its course of action is: when human body contacted with C, phase voltage U touched through human body, the earth, bridge rectifier ZL, the neutral line and transformer C phase winding and constitutes the leakage current loop.At this moment, the DC side of ZL bridge rectifier has electric current to pass through, and makes sensitive relay LJ action, opens its normally closed contact, and A.C. contactor JC outage is opened its normal opened contact JC, thereby cut off the electricity supply, and plays a protective role.
Being active in one's movements of voltage-type electric protective device, starting current can be adjusted according to the safe current of human body, is applicable to the three-phase four-wire system isolated neutral system.Must note in use: the zero line junction on the electric protective device does not allow joint to get loose; System's zero line insulation against ground must not reduce or shorted to earth.Otherwise protector will lose protective effect.
Because with the voltage U of the earth to the power supply neutral point
BNFor the voltage-type electric protective device of electric leakage signal is that whole distribution transforming low voltage network is protected, can not classification, so the power failure scope is big, acts frequently, and is eliminated already.
Six. be provided with " leakage current (residual current) type action protector " (being RCD)
" leakage current (residual current) type action protector " claims " aftercurrent action protecting equipment " again, is commonly called as leakage switch.Germany is called " failure current protection switch "; France is called " differential residual current circuit breaker "; Japan is called " leakage current switch "; Britain is called " electric current action type circuit breaker ".
Accompanying drawing 2 is the electrical schematic diagrams of " leakage current (residual current) type action protector ".
" leakage current (residual current) type action protector " mainly is made up of signal monitoring part (1), signal processing (2), actuator (3), hookup (4) and index signal part five parts such as (5).The effect of each several part is as follows:
Signal monitoring part (1) is made up of the iron core and the winding thereof of " zero-sequence transformer ".When single phase power supply, (ZCT) two first side winding, a secondary side winding are arranged as " zero-sequence transformer " of electric leakage signal monitoring element.The equal turn numbers of two first side winding is joined with phase line and zero line respectively around on the contrary.During operate as normal, electric current in the phase line and the electric current in the zero line equate there is not magnetic flux in the iron core, also do not have induced electromotive force among the secondary side winding fg.When circuit or electric equipment electric leakage,, will produce leakage current if the electric leakage branch road is channel status, at this moment, magnetic flux appears in the electric current disequilibrium in two first side winding of " zero-sequence transformer " in the iron core, secondary side winding promptly produces the induced electromotive force U that can reflect the leakage current size
Fg" leakage current (residual current) type action protector " produces this leakage current at " zero-sequence transformer " secondary side winding fg induced electromotive force U
FgAs monitoring constantly and detected electric leakage signal.
Signal processing (2) is made up of integrated circuit 4IC, capacitor C 2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, the whole ZL1 of bridge, resistance R 2, R3, R4, R9 and controllable silicon SCR etc.Integrated circuit 4IC can select ZZ-9958, KY101, FM2140, FM2145, VG54123 (M54123, SF54123) or the like for use, and that now with the most use is VG54123 (M54123, M54123L, SF54123).
Actuator (3) adopts switching devices such as air automatic switch KG or relay.Piezo-resistance Rv can suppress overvoltage of power supply effectively and take off the surge voltage that mouthpart coil XQ is produced, and works to suppress surge voltage.
Hookup (4) is made up of K switch 1, resistance R 1, capacitor C 1.Circuit one end connects preceding power line of " zero-sequence transformer ", the other end connects another root power line after " zero-sequence transformer ", press test button K1, produce leakage current artificially, make the secondary side winding of " zero-sequence transformer " produce induction electric leakage electromotive force U
FgThe artificial method of this usefulness produces leakage current and tests the sensitivity of protective device action and the hookup of reliability, and we are referred to as the hookup of current mode.
In order to reflect the operating state of actuator (3), the operating state that promptly reflects electric equipment RL also can be provided with resistance R 7, rectifier diode ZL2, LED 8 and resistance R 8, rectifier diode ZL3, LED 9 composition index signal parts (5).
We produce induced potential U with this appearance because of leakage current in " zero-sequence transformer " secondary side winding
FgCircuit, be referred to as current mode electric leakage signal observation circuit.With the induced potential U of this leakage current in the generation of " zero-sequence transformer " secondary side winding
FgAs the monitoring method of electric leakage signal, be referred to as current mode electric leakage signal monitoring method.Electric leakage signal with this current mode electric leakage signal monitoring method monitoring obtains is referred to as leakage current signal.Leakage current is met or exceeded the creepage protection function that certain value is just cut off the electricity supply, be called the current mode creepage protection function.To meet or exceed the earth leakage protecting method that certain value is just cut off the electricity supply with the leakage current that current mode electric leakage signal monitoring method is made, be called the current mode earth leakage protecting method.To meet or exceed the leakage protection circuit that certain value is just cut off the electricity supply with the leakage current that current mode electric leakage signal monitoring method is made, be called the current mode leakage protection circuit.To meet or exceed the earth leakage protective device that certain value is just cut off the electricity supply with the leakage current that current mode electric leakage signal monitoring method is made, be called the current mode earth leakage protective device.
Attention: use " leakage current (residual current) type action protector ", must with the exposed conductive part of electric equipment reliably, ground connection well
Unimpeded to guarantee the electric leakage branch road.
The operation principle of " leakage current (residual current) type action protector " is such:
After the electric equipment electric leakage, under the unimpeded situation of electric leakage branch road, leakage current will occur, promptly produce induced potential U in " zero-sequence transformer " secondary side winding
Fg, this induced potential U
FgAs electric leakage signal input signal processing section (2), when leakage current signal met or exceeded set point, signal processing (2) immediate instruction actuator (3) ensured the safety of the person at setting-up time internal cutting off power supply.
The people was once arranged, combined with a kind of control circuit, formed current mode earth leakage protective control circuit with the current mode leakage protection circuit.
Fig. 3 is the electrical schematic diagram of the current mode earth leakage protective control circuit of certain electric heater
Among the figure, ZCT is " zero-sequence transformer ", and 4IC is the integrated circuit M54123L that handles electric leakage signal, 8IC is an integrated regulator, and 7IC is the integrated circuit of treatment temperature signal, and Rt is a thermo-sensitive resistor, RED11 is a LCDs, and RED10 is an indicator light, and RL is an electrothermal tube.
Current mode earth leakage protective control circuit mainly is made up of signal monitoring part (1), signal processing (2), actuator (3), hookup (4) and index signal part five parts such as (5).It is characterized in that: signal monitoring part (1) comprises the current mode electric leakage signal observation circuit that is made of ZCT and the signal monitoring circuit of the controlled physical quantity that is made of Rt etc.
JDQ is that actuator (3), RED11 and RED10 are indication signal sections (5), all the other are for signal processing (2) and hookup (4).
Under the normal condition, Rt by signal monitoring part (1) monitors controlled physical quantity (water temperature) signal, through the break-make of the JDQ control electrothermal tube power of the signal processing integrated circuit 7IC command execution unit (3) of the controlled physical quantity of signal processing (2), come control water temperature; If any leaky, monitor electric leakage signal by the ZCT of signal monitoring part (1), the power supply through electric leakage signal processing integrated circuit 4IC (M54123L) command execution unit (3) JDQ of signal processing (2) cuts off electrothermal tube ensures safety.
" leakage current (residual current) type action protector " is the earth leakage protecting method that grows up the sixties.Utilize the current mode earth leakage protecting method, produce current mode earth leakage protective device and the product of having promoted variety of functions, played crucial effect for reducing the electric leakage accident.But current mode earth leakage protecting method, circuit and device have its fatal weakness:
1. under the situation of leakage current branch road open circuit, get less than electric leakage signal
The protection ground wire be not set; there are not other conductors can constitute under the situation of electric leakage branch road path again; " zero-sequence transformer " monitoring is less than the leakage current signal of being short-circuited property electric leakage (bumping the shell fault), and current mode earth leakage protecting method, circuit and device have also just lost earth leakage protective usefulness.At this moment, the object that can make this electric leakage equipment constitute electric leakage branch road path is just waited for, waited for to the electric equipment of being short-circuited property electric leakage.In case there is the people to touch this electric equipment of being short-circuited property electric leakage, just constituted the leakage current path by human body, promptly leakage current has all become shock current.At this moment, " zero-sequence transformer " just can monitor leakage current signal, and current mode leakage protection circuit and device just can be cut off the electricity supply.So, even current mode leakage protection circuit and device have been installed, also the protection ground wire must be installed, unimpeded to guarantee the electric leakage branch road, allow RCD can monitor electric leakage signal, guarantee its operate as normal.
2. when leakage current all became shock current, shock current was far longer than the operating current value of standard code
When the people who stands in big ground touches the electric equipment of short-circuit electric leakage,, depend on this people's the human body resistance size and the voltage swing of the point-to-point transmission that is contacted by the shock current size of human body.This shock current is far longer than " leakage current (residual current) type action protector " standard GB6829-86 specified action current value.
3. the requirement that is difficult to satisfy IEC operate time of " leakage current (residual current) type action protector "
RCD operate time setting value must be greater than the settling time of electric equipment starting, otherwise will not finish because of transient process, cause the RCD misoperation, cause unnecessary power failure.So, be difficult to satisfy safe voltage and the maximum relation that allows conduction time under common grade drying that IEC recommends or the wet condition operate time of RCD.
Based on latter two reason, even in electric shock special hazard occasion, " leakage current (residual current) type action protector " has been installed, also should adopt local equipotential bonding to limit touch voltage, prevent indirect electric shock.
Therefore, " leakage current (residual current) type action protector ", independent protection measure at last.
In the method and earth leakage protective method of above these six kinds of protection against electric shocks,, as wear insulated shoes when work though isolation method also has earth leakage protective effect, just in case touch electric leakage place, also can protect personal safety, still, exactly isolation method should belong to a kind of method of protection against electric shock; Remaining is only earth leakage protecting method.Because " voltage-type electric protective device " be eliminated already, so commonly used now have only four kinds of earth leakage protecting methods such as equipotential bonding, protective earthing, zero connection protection and current mode leakage protector.
Existing electric shock prevention method and earth leakage protecting method are summarized in subordinate list 1.
The bathroom is the place of shock hazard maximum, and electric heating shower is the electrical equipment of shock hazard maximum.Be example now, the application of existing electric leakage protection technology be described with the electric heating shower:
The insulation resistance of standard code electric heater heating tube basic function insulation must big 2M Ω, also must add the voltage of 1250V between the live part of electric heater and housing, carries out one minute electrical strength test.At the trial, can not there be discharge and flashover phenomenon to take place.Under this voltage, the electric heater leakage current of 1500W must be less than 1.1mA simultaneously.For the purpose of insurance more, standard also regulation electric heater must be carried out very harsh moisture test, promptly electric heater was placed seven days in relative humidity is 93 ± 2% moist chamber, and then These parameters is tested, and index must be all qualified.Under the normal condition, the electric leakage accident will not take place in such insulation level.
Be anti-just in case, I electric appliances such as standard code electric heater are good earth reliably all.Standard stipulates that also the contact resistance of electric heater ground connection must be less than 0.1 Ω; when in case contingencies such as the heating tube of electric heater bursts apart make insulation damages cause the short-circuit electric leakage; the shunting action of earth resistance can reduce the to flow through shock current of human body plays the effect of safeguard protection.
For energy disengagement failure power supply; the manufacturer that has has installed leakage current (residual current) type action protection circuit or has used leakage current (residual current) type action protecting device on water heater; if leakage current surpasses set point (generally between 10-30mA), just earth leakage protective device was cut off the electricity supply in 0.1 second automatically.
Because " leakage current (residual current) type action protector " monitored less than electric leakage signal, and do not satisfied requirement operate time under the situation of electric leakage branch road open circuit, require to adopt local equipotential bonding to limit touch voltage again, prevent indirect electric shock.
Subordinate list 1 existing electric shock prevention method and earth leakage protecting method
| The protection against electric shock method | Earth leakage protective method | |||||
| Isolation method | Equipotential bonding | Protective earthing | Zero connection protection | The voltage-type electric protective device | Current mode leakage protector | |
| 1 | Do not cut off the electricity supply, can not remove leaky | Can cut off the electricity supply, can remove leaky | ||||
| 2 | The different parts that prevents human body contacts different current potentials simultaneously | Earth resistance shunting, the shock current of the human body that reduces to flow through | Shorten the time that leaky exists | Shorten the duration of leakage current | ||
| 3 | Do not change electric equipment shell and surrounding enviroment current potential separately | The current potential that the current potential of surrounding enviroment is equal to artificially the electric equipment shell | Attempt is reduced to ground potential artificially with the current potential of electric leakage equipment shell | The short circuit current that produces during with electric leakage is an electric leakage signal, forces overcurrent protective device to be cut off the electricity supply | Is electric leakage signal with the earth to the voltage of power supply neutral point | Is electric leakage signal with leakage current at the induced potential that " zero-sequence transformer " secondary side winding produces, when reaching certain value, cut off the electricity supply at the appointed time |
| 4 | Use is subjected to the restriction of environment, place and condition | There is the danger that electric shock takes place in the step voltage on transition interface both sides | Easily lost efficacy; Electric leakage can make all ground connection electric appliance casing long-term existence voltage to earths | Zero line behind the mains side broken string can be diffused into the short-circuit electrical leakage voltage electric appliance casing of all connecting to neutral | Because it is active in one's movements, can not classification, therefore act frequently, the power failure scope is big | Electric leakage branch road open circuit the time is got and to be lost earth leakage protective usefulness less than electric leakage signal |
| 5 | Require the resistance between the metal end to be no more than 3 Ω | Require earth resistance to be no more than 4 Ω | Require contact to want real | Do not allow zero line junction joint to get loose; System's zero line insulation against ground must not reduce or shorted to earth | To operating current with requirement is arranged operate time | |
| 6 | Require to be used in combination with the earth leakage protective device of cutting off the electricity supply automatically | To be used in combination with overcurrent protective device | Be only applicable to the three-phase four-wire system isolated neutral system | Must be used in combination the branch road path of guaranteeing to leak electricity with protective earthing | ||
| 7 | Quantities is big, expense is high, requirement is tight, running check, maintenance, is very easily corroded and loses efficacy | Mistake as wiring can make electric appliance casing charged | Require to install surveillance equipment | |||
| 8 | It is extraordinary irreplaceable electric shock prevention method | The unsuitable batch production of implementation process, performance and quality are subjected to execution conditions far-reaching | Sensitivity and reliability depend on overcurrent protective device fully | Be eliminated already in China | The suitable batch production of implementation process, steady quality | |
| 9 | Directly touch the direct electric shock unprotect effect of phase line for people | The direct electric shock that touches phase line there is protective effect; Can prevent the electricity filching behavior on " a fiery ground " | ||||
So only the electric heating shower in bathroom has just been used isolation method, protective earthing method, equipotential bonding method and the measures such as " leakage current (residual current) type action protectors " of insulating, even several different methods is gone into battle together like this, the protection effect is still unsatisfactory:
1. under the situation that protective earthing was lost efficacy; when the short-circuit of contingencies such as electric heating shower generation heating tube bursts apart leaks electricity; even adopted the protective earthing method; equipotential bonding method and measures such as " leakage current (residual current) type action protectors " has been installed; though the equipotential bonding method can not make people in the bathroom by the injures and deaths that shock by electricity; but can not cut off the electricity supply less than leakage current signal because of " leakage current (residual current) type action protector " monitoring, make the ground wire of full building or whole sub-district; running water and water pipe all are with for a long time over the ground for almost being similar to the leak current fault voltage U of supply voltage
Eb, polluted power utilization environment.
2. almost be similar to the electrical leakage voltage U of supply voltage at ground wire, running water and water pipe band
EbContaminated power utilization environment in, the electric equipment of the connection water pipe of all earth connections, even product quality is qualified fully, even not start, also can cause personal electric shock casualty accident and covered leak current fault voltage and fault current, also can enlarge the electric leakage state of affairs, cause serious accidents such as fire or blast, also be difficult to search reason afterwards.
Can lose efficacy less than electric leakage signal because of the monitoring of electric leakage branch road open circuit between leakage current type action protector, equipotential bonding, protective earthing and protection connecting to neutral are all polluted power utilization environment again easily.So, produce the Electrical Safety that a kind of earth leakage protecting method, circuit and device that can both monitor electric leakage signal and can cut off the electricity supply immediately under what state that does not pollute power utilization environment ensures people no matter society presses for.
Goal of the invention and content
No matter purpose of the present invention is exactly to provide electric leakage signal and earth leakage protecting method, circuit and the device of disengagement failure power supply immediately of can both monitoring free from environmental pollution for society under what state.
Electric potential type creepage protecting method of the present invention is characterized in that: electric leakage current potential U appears in the exposed conductive part of electric equipment and external conductive part E-
EJust cut off the electricity supply.
Whether the exposed conductive part and the external conductive part E that distinguish electric equipment the electric leakage current potential occurred, just must have a reference potential to do reference.The present invention with the current potential UN of neutral line N as reference potential.
In the polyphase system circuit, the common point in star connection, Y connection and the zigzag connection is called neutral point, and the lead that neutral point is drawn is called the neutral line, and the neutral line is indicated with alphabetical N.The electric characteristic of neutral point is that the current potential under the symmetrical system normal condition equals zero, i.e. U
N=0; Under asymmetric or improper situation, zero drift may take place in the current potential of neutral point.So the neutral line can not be called the neutral line of zero line ground connection, its current potential and the earth are all zero potential, can be described as zero line, i.e. U
N=0.The present invention is made as reference potential with the current potential of neutral line N, and the neutral line of indication comprises the zero line of drawing from the neutral point of ground connection, the neutral line that draw from unearthed neutral point or that draw from artificial neutral point's (or claiming artificial neutral point).
In three-phase power supply system, A, B, three phase lines of C separately current potential and the potential difference of neutral line N be called phase voltage, should be denoted as U
AN, U
BN, U
CN,, that is to say U because the current potential under the symmetrical system normal condition of the neutral line equals zero
AN=U
A-U
N=U
A-O=U
A, U
BN=U
B-U
N=U
B-O=U
B, U
CN=U
C-U
N=U
C-O=U
CSo,, phase voltage can be denoted as U
A, U
B, U
C
We partly are coupled to a measured point E with exposed conductive part and the external conductive that electric equipment can be touched.As the electrothermal tube in the electric heater, its exposed conductive part is difficult to be touched; But the external conductive part of electrothermal tube as the electric equipment external conductive part of the shell of water power water heater and the upper hose of electric heater or the like same electric field, is that people touch easily.We partly are coupled to a some E with exposed conductive part and the external conductive that electric equipment can be touched.Point E under normal circumstances is uncharged, the current potential U that leaks electricity can occur when electric leakage
EBecause the normal condition in symmetrical system can be considered as zero potential with the current potential of neutral line N, i.e. U
N=0, so, when the current potential of neutral line N during as reference potential, the current potential U of measured point E
EChange, can characterize the leak current fault voltage U fully
EN(U
EN=U
E-U
N=U
E-O=U
E) variation, promptly can be with the leak current fault voltage U
ENBe designated as U
EAt this moment, with the current potential U of measured point E
EBeing used as electric leakage signal, is exactly with the leak current fault voltage U
ENAs electric leakage signal.With the current potential UN of neutral line N as reference potential, the exposed conductive part of monitoring electric equipment and the current potential U of external conductive part E
EMethod, be called electric potential type electric leakage signal monitoring method.With this current potential with neutral line N is the circuit of the electric leakage electric potential signal of reference potential monitoring measured point E, is referred to as electric potential type electric leakage signal observation circuit.Monitor the electric leakage signal that obtains in this way, be referred to as the electric potential signal that leaks electricity.Electric leakage current potential U is appearred in measured point E
EThe creepage protection function of just cutting off the electricity supply is called the electric potential type creepage protecting function.Electric leakage current potential U will appear by the measured point E that electric potential type electric leakage signal monitoring method is made
EThe leakage protection circuit of just cutting off the electricity supply is called the electric potential type creepage protecting circuit.Electric leakage current potential U will appear by the measured point E that electric potential type electric leakage signal monitoring method is made
EThe earth leakage protective device of just cutting off the electricity supply is called electric leakage electric potential type action protector, is called for short the electric potential type creepage protecting device.
Electric leakage electric potential type action protector disclosed by the invention, electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit, Almightiness type earth leakage protective device equipotential type leakage protection circuit or device; mainly all form, all adopted potential difference U electric equipment exposed conductive part and external conductive part E and neutral line N by signal monitoring part, signal processing, actuator, hookup and index signal part etc.
ENAs the electric potential type electric leakage signal monitoring method of electric leakage signal, in case dangerous leak current fault voltage U occurs
EN, signal processing can both immediate instruction actuator be cut off the electricity supply rapidly, guarantees safety.
The present invention's electric potential type action protector that leaks electricity, it is characterized in that: signal monitoring has partly adopted electric potential type electric leakage signal observation circuit, the reference potential of signal monitoring part draws from neutral line N, and the electric leakage current potential that signal monitoring is partly monitored draws from the exposed conductive part of electric equipment and external conductive part E; Another feature is: form the electric potential type hookup by devices such as push-button switch and resistance; one end of electric potential type hookup connects phase line L; the other end is with monitored electric leakage current potential input signal processing section (2); pressing that the test button switch can be artificially draws the current potential of phase line L is the electric leakage current potential, tests the sensitivity and the reliability of protective device action with this.
Electric potential type creepage protecting socket of the present invention mainly is made up of unidirectional Three-hole socket box, circuit board and unidirectional two core plugs, it is characterized in that: the circuit that the electric potential type creepage protecting device has been installed on the circuit board.
Electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit of the present invention has two kinds:
A kind of is knockdown electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit, is that former control circuit and the electric potential type creepage protecting combination of circuits of the present invention by electric equipment forms, and that is to say, in circuitry, includes the circuit of electric leakage electric potential type action protector.Control circuit and leakage protection circuit respectively have its signal monitoring part, signal processing, actuator and hookup alone, and the function of control circuit is that each physical quantity is monitored and controlled; The function of leakage protection circuit is to electrical leakage voltage U
ENMonitor and control.It is characterized in that: the circuit of electric potential type creepage protecting device can cut off the power supply of complete machine immediately when dangerous electric leakage current potential appears in casing, guarantees user's safety.This knockdown electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit is applicable to the occasion that controlled physical quantity is more.
Another kind is all-in-one-piece electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit, is the signal monitoring circuit that has partly increased controlled physical quantity at the signal monitoring of electric leakage electric potential type action protector.That is to say, it is characterized in that: the signal monitoring circuit that comprises electric potential type electric leakage signal observation circuit and controlled physical quantity in the signal monitoring part; Another feature is: form the hookup of electric potential type by devices such as push-button switch and resistance, pressing that the test button switch can be artificially draws the current potential of phase line L is the electric leakage current potential, tests the sensitivity and the reliability of protective device action with this.This all-in-one-piece electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit is applicable to the occasion that controlled physical quantity is less, in order to reducing cost, saves the space.
Almightiness type earth leakage protective device of the present invention is that the signal monitoring at electric leakage electric potential type action protector has partly increased current mode electric leakage signal observation circuit; Hookup has increased the hookup of current mode.That is to say, it is characterized in that: signal monitoring has partly comprised electric potential type electric leakage signal observation circuit and current mode electric leakage signal observation circuit; Another feature is: hookup comprises the hookup of the electric potential type of being made up of devices such as push-button switch and resistance and is made up of push-button switch, resistance and electric capacity, presses the hookup that test switch can produce the current mode of leakage current artificially.The Almightiness type earth leakage protective device has protective effect to the direct electric shock that touches phase line, and can prevent the electricity filching behavior on " a fiery ground " effectively.
The feature of single-phase two core plugs that the present invention is convenient to locate is: two electrode slices of L and N become the Eight characters to arrange.The user is easy to by the corresponding single-phase two core plug seats of pegging graft of sign, is about to the phase line L jack of the L pole piece combination hub of plug, with the neutral line N jack of the N pole piece combination hub of plug.Avoided two pole pieces of original single-phase two core plugs parallel, easily the phenomenon of mixed insertion.
The accompanying drawings embodiment
Accompanying drawing 4 is electrical block diagrams of electric leakage electric potential type action protector.
RL is an electric equipment among the figure.The electric potential type creepage protecting device mainly comprises five part such as signal monitoring part (1), signal processing (2), actuator (3), hookup (4) and index signal part (5).The composition of each several part and act on as follows:
The reference potential of signal monitoring part (1) draws from neutral line N, and the electric leakage current potential of signal monitoring part draws exposed conductive part and the external conductive part E from electric equipment, the potential difference U of measured point E and neutral line N
EN, be exactly monitored electric leakage signal.
An input (n) of signal processing (2) and neutral line N short circuit, another input connects measured point E.When in a single day signal processing (2) finds that dangerous electric leakage current potential appears in measured point E, immediate instruction actuator (3) cuts off the electricity supply.
Actuator (3) is served as by devices such as relay or air automatic switches.The break-make of actuator (3) control electric power main circuit plays the effect of power supply and safeguard protection.
Hookup (4) is made up of push-button switch and resistance etc.One end of hookup (4) connects phase line L; the other end is with monitored electric leakage current potential input signal processing section (2); press the test button switch, can be artificially the current potential of phase line L being drawn is the electric leakage current potential, tests the sensitivity and the reliability of protective device action.
For the ease of understanding the operating state of actuator (3), index signal part (5) can be set.
Accompanying drawing 5 is electrical schematic diagrams of electric leakage electric potential type action protector.
Among the figure, E connects exposed conductive part and the external conductive part that electric equipment can be touched, and is electric leakage electric potential signal transmission line.JDQ is a relay, and K4 is a normally closed push button switch, and piezo-resistance Rv works to suppress surge voltage.
The reference potential signal of neutral line N and the electric leakage electric potential signal of measured point E constitute signal monitoring part (1).
Signal processing (2) is made up of integrated circuit 5IC, the whole ZL1 of bridge, resistance R 4, R5, R9, capacitor C 5, C6, C8 and controllable silicon SCR etc.Neutral line N is shorted to the reference potential signal input part (n) of integrated circuit 5IC in the signal processing (2), and the current potential of measured point E is input to the electric leakage electric potential signal input (a) of this integrated circuit 5IC through resistance R 5.5IC can select the integrated circuit DW032 that aims at the present invention's development for use.
Actuator (3) is served as by switching devices such as relay J DQ.
Hookup (4) is made up of button switch K 2 and resistance R 6.One end of hookup (4) is connected to the electric leakage electric potential signal input (a) of the integrated circuit 5IC of signal processing (2), and the other end of hookup (4) connects phase line L.Press test button K2, artificially the current potential of phase line L is input to the input (a) of integrated circuit 5IC, be used to test the sensitivity and the reliability of protective device action.This artificially current potential of phase line L being drawn for the electric leakage current potential tested the sensitivity of protective device action and the hookup of reliability, and we are referred to as the hookup of electric potential type.
Resistance R 7, rectifier diode ZL2, LED 8 and resistance R 8, rectifier diode ZL3, LED 9 are formed index signal part (5).Be used to reflect the operating state of actuator (3) and the power supply state of power supply.
The course of work of electric leakage electric potential type action protector is such:
The normally closed contact j of relay J DQ is connected on the main circuit, and indicator light LED8, LED9 are luminous during electric equipment RL operate as normal.Press test button K switch 2, artificially the current potential of the phase line L of main circuit output being drawn is the electric leakage current potential, the input (a) of integrated circuit 5IC in R6 input signal processing section (2), test voltage U
LNControllable silicon SCR in the signal processing (2) is triggered, and the normally closed contact j of the relay J DQ of actuator (3) promptly cuts off the electricity supply rapidly, and LED 8 goes out, and the electric equipment dead electricity is not worked, and illustrates that earth leakage protective device is active in one's movements reliably.Electric equipment can normally use.
In the normal use of electric equipment, indicator light LED8, LED9 are luminous during work.In case during being short-circuited property electric leakage (bumping the shell fault) phenomenon, the electric leakage current potential that measured point E occurs, the input (a) of integrated circuit 5IC in R5 input signal processing section (2), controllable silicon SCR in the signal processing (2) is triggered, the normally closed contact j of the relay J DQ of actuator (3) cuts off the electricity supply rapidly, LED 8 goes out, and electric equipment RL dead electricity is not worked.Play the effect of safeguard protection.
Because unidirectional controllable silicon S CR is after triggering and conducting, just be in conducting state always, the normally closed contact j of relay J DQ just is in off-state, allows the not charged plug that pulls out load end of user, helps guaranteeing user's safety.Pull up the power end plug or press normally closed push button switch K4, controllable silicon SCR loses to be kept electric current and turn-offs, and the contact j of relay J DQ recovers normally off.
Accompanying drawing 6 is structural representations of electric potential type creepage protecting relay.
The electric potential type creepage protecting relay mainly is made up of relay (61), relay socket (62), circuit board (63) and base plate (64).It is characterized in that: on relay socket (62) the chamber interior circuit board (63) the electric potential type creepage protecting circuit has been installed.
Accompanying drawing 7 is leak electricity application principle figure of electric potential type action protector of the present invention.
D is the motor of three-phase three-wire system power supply.Make star connection, Y connection with three resistance R 31, R32, R33 that equate fully, its common point N is called artificial neutral point's (or claiming artificial neutral point).Under the normal condition of symmetrical system, the current potential of artificial neutral point N equals zero.The lead that artificial neutral point N draws is also referred to as the neutral line, also with alphabetical N mark.Because of there not being the neutral line of power end, just the current potential of the neutral line of drawing with artificial neutral point N is made as reference potential.
It in the double dot dash line electrical schematic diagram of electric potential type creepage protecting device.
The exposed conducting shell E that the neutral line that artificial neutral point N draws and motor D can be touched constitutes signal monitoring part (1).
Signal processing (2) is made up of integrated circuit 5IC, the whole ZL1 of bridge, resistance R 5, R4, R9, capacitor C 5, C6, C8 and controllable silicon SCR etc.Neutral line N is shorted to the reference potential signal input part (n) of integrated circuit 5IC in the signal processing (2), and the current potential of measured point E is input to the electric leakage electric potential signal input (a) of this integrated circuit 5IC through resistance R 5.
Actuator (3) is served as by relay J DQ.
Hookup (4) is made up of button switch K 2 and resistance R 6.One end of hookup (4) connects phase line L, and the other end connects the input (a) of the integrated circuit 5IC of signal processing (2).
The normally closed contact j of electric potential type creepage protecting device JDQ is connected in series mutually with the coil of control circuit main contactor Z.Press start button K5, the main contact z adhesive of main contactor Z, motor D starts.Auxiliary contact z1 adhesive, main contactor Z self-insurance, motor D is normally moved.Press stop button K6, the coil losing electricity of main contactor Z, the main contact z of main contactor Z cuts off the electricity supply, and motor D is stopped.
After motor D starts, press test switch K2, artificially the current potential of the phase line L of main circuit output being drawn is the electric leakage current potential, the input (a) of integrated circuit 5IC in input signal processing section (2), test voltage U
LNControllable silicon SCR in the signal processing (2) is triggered, the normally closed contact j of relay J DQ is opened, the coil losing electricity of main contactor Z, the main contact z of main contactor Z cuts off the power supply of motor D, illustrates that earth leakage protective device is active in one's movements reliably.
In a single day leaky takes place in duration of work, and the electric leakage current potential just appears in the shell E of motor D, and E point and artificial neutral point N just have potential difference U
ENIntegrated circuit 5IC in the signal processing (2) finds dangerous leak current fault voltage U
EN, promptly trigger controllable silicon SCR, the normally closed contact j of relay J DQ is opened, the coil losing electricity of main contactor Z, the main contact z of main contactor Z cuts off the power supply of motor D, has guaranteed safety.
Push switch K4, controllable silicon SCR loses to be kept electric current and turn-offs, and the contact j of relay J DQ recovers normally off.Because of the auxiliary contact z1 disconnection of main contactor Z, motor D still is in dead ship condition.
This be one very typical, under the three-phase three-wire system power supply state, with the example as reference potential of the current potential of artificial neutral point's (or claiming artificial neutral point) N.
Accompanying drawing 8 is structural representations of electric potential type creepage protecting socket of the present invention.
The electric potential type creepage protecting socket mainly is made up of socket box (81), circuit board (82) and unidirectional two core plugs (83), it is characterized in that: on the circuit board (82) in the socket box (81) the electric potential type creepage protecting circuit has been installed.
Accompanying drawing 9 is electrical schematic diagrams of electric potential type creepage protecting socket of the present invention.
Among the figure, Ch is single-phase two core plugs of being convenient to locate of power end, and Chb is the single-phase three-prong plug of load end.The L phase-connecting wire of load end plug, N connect to neutral, E connects exposed conductive part and the external conductive part that electric equipment RL can be touched, be that electric leakage electric potential signal transmission line JDQ is a relay, K4 is a normally closed push button switch, and piezo-resistance Rv works to suppress surge voltage.
Main circuit output with accompanying drawing 5 electric leakage electric potential type action protectors; the socket electrode intermediate plate that connects phase line L, neutral line N and electric leakage electric potential signal transmission line E respectively; make circuit board (82); connect unidirectional two core plug Ch (83); pack in the socket box (81), just become electric potential type creepage protecting socket of the present invention.
Electric potential type creepage protecting circuit of the present invention and device all draw the current potential of neutral line N and are reference potential, do not have the place of power supply neutral line N at three-phase three-wire system, and reference potential can adopt artificial neutral point's current potential.Reference potential preferably adopts the neutral point current potential of ground connection, the i.e. zero potential of zero line.
When using electric potential type creepage protecting circuit and device, must be in accordance with regulations with the L phase-connecting wire, N connects to neutral, and reference potential at this moment is exactly the current potential of neutral line N.As connect instead, the current potential of phase line L has just become reference potential.Therefore, the directivity of butted line requires that strictness is characteristics of electric potential type creepage protecting circuit and device.
Target according to GB4064-83 " electric equipment Safety Design guide rule " 3.1 safe practices must guarantee that when installing in accordance with regulations and using equipment any danger must not take place safety.4.1 require the design of equipment must assurance equipment when using in accordance with regulations, any danger can not take place.Electric potential type creepage protecting device and the product that the electric potential type creepage protecting circuit is housed should have the clearly sign of L, N and E; What clearly regulation connected to neutral L phase-connecting wire, N, link to each other with electric equipment shell E in the operation instructions is electric leakage electric potential signal transmission line; Strictly observe the working specification requirement, phase line L1L2, L3 are respectively red yellowish green trichromatism, and zero line is blue line, and the electric leakage electric potential signal transmission line that links to each other with electric equipment shell E is yellow and green, or the like.Adopt these measures, can reach the security purpose of correct use.
For the directivity that adapts to electric potential type creepage protecting circuit and device butted line requires strict characteristics and save resource to reduce cost, the present invention also provides a kind of single-phase two core plugs of being convenient to locate.
Accompanying drawing 10 is schematic diagrames of single-phase two core plugs being convenient to locate.
The feature of single-phase two core plugs that the present invention is convenient to locate is: the rectangle pole piece that two sections of L and N are flat pattern becomes the Eight characters to arrange.Promptly be in former single-phase three-prong plug, to have removed ground connection
The utmost point and earth conductor cable user are easy to by the corresponding single-phase two core plug seats of pegging graft of sign, are about to the phase line L utmost point intermediate plate of the pole piece L combination hub of plug, with the neutral line N utmost point intermediate plate of the pole piece N combination hub of plug.Avoided two pole pieces of original single-phase two core plugs parallel, the phenomenon of easy mixed insertion, performance meets the up-to-standard electric equipment of relevant national standard fully, and single-phase two core plugs that use the present invention to be convenient to locate can be avoided because of ground wire electrification or because of the phase line L utmost point and the ground connection of single-phase three core sockets
Utmost point short circuit damages the user.
The electric potential type creepage protecting device can independently be a kind of product---electric potential type creepage protecting relay; also the circuit of electric potential type creepage protecting device can be installed in the single-phase three core socket boxes; be assembled into the electric potential type creepage protecting socket; the electric potential type creepage protecting device also has an important purposes, makes composite type electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit with the circuit of electric potential type earth leakage protective device exactly.
Electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit of the present invention has two kinds:
A kind of knockdown electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit, be that the control circuit of electric equipment and the combination of circuits of electric potential type creepage protecting device of the present invention form, it is characterized in that: control circuit and leakage protection circuit respectively have its signal monitoring part, signal processing, actuator's hookup and index signal part alone, and the function of control circuit is that each physical quantity is monitored and controlled; Leakage protection circuit is to electrical leakage voltage U
ENMonitor, when dangerous electric leakage current potential appears in casing, cut off the power supply of complete machine immediately, guarantee user's safety.
Another kind of all-in-one-piece electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit is characterized in that: control circuit and leakage protection circuit shared signal monitoring part, signal processing, actuator, results circuit and index signal part become as a whole.This integral body has the function of self-locking electric potential type creepage protecting when some physical quantity is quantitatively controlled.
Accompanying drawing 11 is electrical schematic diagrams of certain microwave oven.
Among the figure, XP attaching plug, FU1 fuse, ST1, ST2 thermostat; the SI family status one interlock switch, the S2 family status two interlock switches, S3 door pilot switch; EL stove lamp, the M1 rotary tray motor, M2 is motor regularly; the M3 fan electromotor, T high-tension transformer, FU2 high-tension fuse; the C high-voltage capacitor, V1 protects diode, V2 high-voltage diode; the MT magnetron, S4 timing switch, S5 power selector switch.Wherein ST1 heating chamber thermostat temperature is decided to be 125 ℃, ST2 magnetron thermostat temperature and is decided to be 145 ℃.This figure is a door opening state.
Accompanying drawing 12 is electrical schematic diagrams of a routine composite type electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit.
For the electrical equipment with multiple load (as microwave tube, rotating disk, ventilating fan, illuminating lamp, sound and light signal or the like are arranged in the microwave oven); just can be on the basis of original equipment control circuit; install the electric potential type creepage protecting circuit additional; control the break-make of this electrical equipment circuitry power supply by electric potential type creepage protecting device circuit, constitute a kind of knockdown electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit.When this can be avoided using machine dispatch from foreign news agency bit-type earth leakage protective socket, meet the variety of issue that counterfeit and shoddy goods occur.
Among the figure, electric potential type creepage protecting circuit and former roaster circuit bank in the double dot dash line have been synthesized composite type electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit.The XP attaching plug has changed the single-phase two core plug Ch of being convenient to locate into.The E of electric potential type creepage protecting circuit connects the exposed conductive part of roaster.
Under the normal condition, this roaster carries out work according to original operation principle, and indicator light LED8, indicator light LED9 are bright.Press test button K2, artificially the current potential of the phase line L of main circuit output being drawn is the electric leakage current potential, or in case during being short-circuited property electric leakage (bumping the shell fault) phenomenon, the electric leakage current potential has appearred in the exposed conductive part E of roaster, input (a) picked up signal of integrated circuit 5IC promptly triggers controllable silicon SCR in the signal processing (2), the normally closed contact j of the relay J DQ of actuator (3) cuts off the electricity supply rapidly, and indicator light LED8 goes out, and electric equipment RL dead electricity is not worked.Play the effect of safeguard protection.
Because unidirectional controllable silicon S CR is after triggering and conducting, just be in conducting state always, the normally closed contact j of relay J DQ is just always from locking in off-state, allows not bringing onto load unplugg Ch of user, helps guaranteeing user's safety.Pull up power end plug Ch or press normally closed push button switch K4, controllable silicon SCR loses to be kept electric current and turn-offs, and the contact j of relay J DQ recovers closure state.
When the control circuit of electric potential type creepage protecting circuit and electric equipment constitutes knockdown electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit; the electric potential type creepage protecting circuit only is the part of circuitry; electric potential type creepage protecting circuit in accompanying drawing 5 double dot dash lines can be abbreviated as LDW, and available accompanying drawing 13 its electrical block diagrams of expression.
So, the electrical schematic diagram of accompanying drawing 12 these routine composite type electric potential type creepage protecting control circuits, the electrical block diagram of available electric potential type creepage protecting circuit is illustrated in its electrical schematic diagram by accompanying drawing 14.
Accompanying drawing 15 is electrical schematic diagrams that an example is used for the integral type electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit of electric heating shower.RL is an electric equipment, here is electrothermal tube, and Ch is single-phase two core plugs of being convenient to locate.
A kind of integral type electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit, mainly be made up of signal monitoring part (1), signal processing (2), actuator (3), hookup (4) and index signal part five parts such as (5), it is characterized in that: signal monitoring part (1) comprises the signal monitoring circuit of electric potential type electric leakage signal observation circuit and controlled physical quantity; Hookup (4) is formed the electric potential type hookup by button switch K 2 and resistance R 6, and an end of hookup (4) connects the input (a) of signal processing (2) integrated circuit 1IC, and the other end connects phase line L.Press test button K2, the current potential with phase line L draws the input (a) that is input to integrated circuit 1IC for the electric leakage current potential through resistance R 6 artificially.
The current potential of neutral line N is shorted to the reference potential signal input part (n) of integrated circuit 1IC in the signal processing (2) as reference potential and the electric potential signal of electrothermal tube RL shell E constitutes electric potential type electric leakage signal observation circuit.
The signal monitoring circuit of controlled physical quantity: comprise resistance pressure-dividing network R12, the R13 of temperature signal monitoring part and the desired temperature circuit that potentiometer W1, W2, W3 constitute, (c) pin of integrated circuit 1IC in the desired temperature signal input signal processing section (2); Resistance R 15 and thermo-sensitive resistor Rt are temperature signal monitor value circuit, (d) pin of integrated circuit 1IC in the temperature monitoring value signal input signal processing section (2); Resistance R 19, f1, f2, f3 and f4 are water level signal monitoring part.
Signal processing (2) is made of integrated circuit 1IC, 2IC, capacitor C 5, C10, C11, resistance R 4, R5, R17, K switch 3, transformer B, the whole DL1 of bridge and voltage-stabiliser tube W.Wherein transformer B, the whole DL1 of bridge, capacitor C 5, resistance R 4 and voltage-stabiliser tube W are accessory power supply.Integrated circuit 2IC can use ULN2003A.
Relay J is actuator (3).D5 is a diode, plays the afterflow effect.
Hookup (4) is formed the electric potential type hookup by button switch K 2 and resistance R 6.
Index signal part (5) is made up of resistance R 16, R18, R20, R21, R22, R23, capacitor C 12, LED 1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, integrated circuit 3IC and loud speaker Y.LED1 is that green indicating lamp, LED5 are that relay indicating light, LED2, LED3, LED4 are water level indicator light.
The core devices of this circuit is the integrated circuit 1IC in the signal processing (2).It is an integrated circuit that some physical quantity (as water temperature etc.) is had concurrently quantitative controlled function and electric potential type creepage protecting function.1IC can select the integrated circuit DW031 that aims at the present invention's development for use.Integrated circuit 1IC also can replace with two integrated circuits, handles the signal and the electric leakage signal of controlled physical quantity respectively.
The course of work of integral type electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit is such:
In use; in case leaky occurs; the electric leakage current potential of measured point E is input to the electric leakage electric potential signal input (a) of integrated circuit 1IC through the resistance R 5 of signal processing (2); its pin (S) turn-offs, and two contact j1, j2 of relay J are cut off the electricity supply rapidly, and load RL does not work; green indicating lamp LED1 goes out; the relay indicating light LED5 look that reddens, loud speaker Y sounds, and the effect of having played safeguard protection is described.No matter whether leak current fault is got rid of, and the pin of 1IC (S) is no-output all, has realized self-locking earth leakage protective.If will rework, need Push switch K3 again.
It is such needing the control procedure of the physical quantity (temperature signal and water level signal) of control: if f3 point place is anhydrous; water level indicator light LED2, LED3, LED4 do not work entirely; resistance pressure-dividing network can not work; the output pin of 1IC (p) no-output; not adhesive of relay J, load RL does not work, and relay indicating light LED5 takes on a red color; loud speaker Y sends acoustical signal, plays the effect of excessive low water level protection.
When there was water at f3 point place, water level indicator light LED2 was bright, and resistance pressure-dividing network works, the output pin (p) of integrated circuit 1IC has output in the signal processing (2), and 2IC is open-minded, the relay J adhesive, load RL energized begins heating, relay indicating light LED5 virescence, and loud speaker Y is noiseless.
When temperature reaches going up in limited time of set point, the output pin (p) of integrated circuit 1IC turn-offs in the signal processing (2), and integrated circuit 2IC makes the relay J tripping operation, and load RL quits work, the relay indicating light LED5 look that reddens, and loud speaker Y sends acoustical signal; If temperature is lower than the lower limit of set point, the output pin (p) of integrated circuit 1IC has output in the signal processing (2), and integrated circuit 2IC makes the relay J adhesive, and load RL energized heats once more, relay indicating light LED5 virescence, and loud speaker Y is noiseless.The break-make of control load RL power supply in the interval of setting, reaches the purpose of A.T.C with temperature constant so repeatedly.Artificially adjust potentiometer W3, can adjust the set point of temperature.
Certainly, also can constitute other circuit, control other physical quantity, be used for other I electric appliances with integrated circuit 1IC.
We are referred to as the electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit with a kind of integral type electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit of preceding a kind of combined electrical bit-type earth leakage protective control circuit and back.This two kinds of electric potential type creepage protecting control circuits have been arranged, just can accomplish at an easy rate that every kind of electric equipment products self all have creepage protection function, thereby finished the history that electric equipment products self do not have creepage protection function.
The electric leakage signal of electric potential type creepage protecting method monitoring is the exposed conductive part of electric equipment and the electric leakage current potential of external conductive part E, so can get electric leakage signal under the situation of electric leakage branch road open circuit, effectively protects.But we can not get the electric leakage electric potential signal along supply line's whole process, so the electric potential type creepage protecting device leaks electricity for phase line, does not have protective effect." leakage current (residual current) type action protector " but can be protected effectively to this.
In addition, " leakage current (residual current) type action protector " can prevent the electricity filching behavior on " a fiery ground " effectively.When this class behavior takes place, " leakage current (residual current) type action protector " will trip, and the refusal power supply recovers normal until wiring.The electric potential type creepage protecting device does not but have this anti-stealing electricity function.
Therefore, electric potential type creepage protecting device and " leakage current (residual current) type action protector " are carried out organic combination, learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses mutually.This has just constituted the Almightiness type earth leakage protective device.The actuator of Almightiness type earth leakage protective device (3) adopts air circuit mostly, and the Almightiness type earth leakage protective device also mainly is made into the air automatic switch, so the Almightiness type earth leakage protective device can be described as the Almightiness type earth leakage circuit breaker again.
Accompanying drawing 16 is electrical schematic diagrams of Almightiness type earth leakage protective device.
Cha is the single-phase three core sockets of load end, and Chb is the single-phase three-prong plug of load end.Piezo-resistance Rv works to suppress surge voltage.
A kind of Almightiness type earth leakage protective device; mainly be made up of signal monitoring part (1), signal processing (2), actuator (3), hookup (4) and index signal part five parts such as (5), it is characterized in that: signal monitoring part (1) comprises the potential difference U of monitoring measured point E and neutral line N
ENElectric potential type electric leakage signal observation circuit and can reflect the induced potential U of leakage current size with " zero-sequence transformer " monitoring
FgCurrent mode electric leakage signal observation circuit.
Another feature of Almightiness type earth leakage protective device is: hookup (4) comprises the electric potential type hookup be made up of push-button switch (K2) and resistance (R6) and is made up of switch (K1), resistance (R1) and electric capacity (C1); one end connects preceding power line of " zero-sequence transformer "; the other end connects another root power line after " zero-sequence transformer "; press push-button switch (K1); can produce leakage current artificially, make the secondary side winding of " zero-sequence transformer " produce induction electric leakage electromotive force U
FgThe current mode hookup.
Signal monitoring part (1) comprises electric potential type electric leakage signal observation circuit and current mode electric leakage signal observation circuit.The current potential of neutral line N is shorted to the reference potential signal input part (n) of integrated circuit 6IC in the signal processing (2) and the exposed conductive part of electric equipment and the electric potential signal of external conductive part E as reference potential and constitutes electric potential type electric leakage signal observation circuit.
Serve as current mode electric leakage signal observation circuit by " zero-sequence transformer " ZCT.Leakage current is at the electric leakage electromotive force U of " zero-sequence transformer " secondary side winding fg induction
Fg, be input to signal processing (2) as electric leakage signal.
Signal processing (2) is made up of integrated circuit 6IC, capacitor C 2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, the whole ZL1 of bridge, resistance R 2, R3, R4, R5, R9 and controllable silicon SCR etc.Form accessory power supply by the whole ZL1 of bridge, resistance R 4 and capacitor C 5.
The electric leakage signal U that current mode electric leakage signal monitoring circuit monitors is arrived through capacitor C 2, resistance R 2, R3
FgBe input to the input (Q) of integrated circuit 6IC in the signal processing (2) and (g); The electric leakage electric potential signal U that electric potential type electric leakage signal monitoring circuit monitors is arrived through the resistance R 5 of signal processing (2)
EThe electric leakage electric potential signal input (a) of integrated circuit 6IC in being input to.
Actuator (3) adopts and is served as by switching devices such as relay or air automatic switch KG.
Hookup (4) comprises the hookup of electric potential type and the hookup of current mode.
The electric potential type hookup is made up of devices such as button K2, resistance R 6.One end of electric potential type hookup connects phase line L, and the other end connects the input (a) of integrated circuit 6IC in the signal processing (2).Push switch K2, the current potential with phase line L draws the electric leakage electric potential signal input (a) that is input to integrated circuit 6IC for the electric leakage current potential through resistance R 6 artificially.
The current mode hookup is made up of K switch 1, resistance R 1, capacitor C 1.Current mode hookup one end connects preceding power line of " zero-sequence transformer ", the other end connects another root power line after " zero-sequence transformer ", press button switch K 1, produce leakage current artificially, make the secondary side winding of " zero-sequence transformer " produce induction electric leakage electromotive force U
Fg
Resistance R 7, rectifier diode ZL2, LED 8 and resistance R 8, rectifier diode ZL3, LED 9 are formed index signal part (5).Be used to reflect the operating state of actuator (3) and the power supply state of power supply.
The course of work of Almightiness type earth leakage protective device is such:
Press test button K2 or when dangerous electric leakage current potential appears in the measured point of electric equipment E, the conducting that is triggered of the controllable silicon SCR in the signal processing (2), air automatic switch KG cuts off the electricity supply rapidly.Realize electric potential type creepage protecting.
Press test button K1, when the stealing electricity phenomenon on the electric shock phenomenon of phase line or " a fiery ground " occurring directly touching, the induced potential U that leakage current produces in the secondary side winding of " zero-sequence transformer "
FgSurpass set point, the conducting that is triggered of the controllable silicon SCR in the signal processing (2), air automatic switch KG cuts off the electricity supply rapidly, realizes current mode earth leakage protective.
The core devices of this circuit is the integrated circuit 6IC in the signal processing (2).It is the integrated circuit not only having handled leakage current signal but also handled the electric leakage electric potential signal.6IC can select the integrated circuit DW033 that aims at the present invention's development for use.
Accompanying drawing 17 is another program electrical schematic diagrams of Almightiness type earth leakage protective device.
When the integrated circuit 6IC of accompanying drawing 16 replaces with 4IC and two integrated circuits of 5IC, handle leakage current signal and handle the electric leakage electric potential signal by 4IC respectively by 5IC.Integrated circuit 4IC can select M54123L etc. for use, and integrated circuit 5IC can select the integrated circuit DW032 that aims at the present invention development etc. for use.
Press test button K2 or when dangerous electric leakage current potential appearred in the measured point of electric equipment E, the controllable silicon SCR in the signal processing (2) was integrated circuit 5IC triggering and conducting, air automatic switch KG cuts off the electricity supply rapidly.Realize electric potential type creepage protecting.
Press test button K1, when the stealing electricity phenomenon on the electric shock phenomenon of phase line or " a fiery ground " occurring directly touching, the induced potential U that leakage current produces in the secondary side winding of " zero-sequence transformer "
FgWhen surpassing set point, the controllable silicon SCR in the signal processing (2) is integrated circuit 4IC triggering and conducting, and air automatic switch KG cuts off the electricity supply rapidly, realizes current mode earth leakage protective.
The making of electric potential type creepage protecting circuit and device is batch production, and properties of product are stable, quality is secure.
Beneficial effect
Under normal circumstances, exposed conductive part and the external conductive part E of the electrical equipment that touches easily of people are uncharged. When electric leakage occured electrical equipment, the current potential U that leaks electricity will appear in the exposed conductive part of electrical equipment and external conductive part EE, the electric potential type creepage protecting method is just with UEFor electric leakage signal is cut off the electricity supply, realize earth leakage protective.
No matter because electric potential type creepage protecting method electric leakage branch road is in channel status or open-circuit condition, the electric leakage electric potential signal U that the E that can both monitor is orderedEThis has just overcome the shortcoming that equipotential bonding method and protective grounding method can not the disengagement failure power supplys; shortcoming and action sensitivity that the protection connecting to neutral method take short circuit current as electric leakage signal that overcome can produce very large short circuit current in when electric leakage depend on that with reliability overcurrent protection arranges the shortcoming of state, have also overcome " leakage current (residual current) type action protector " take leakage current as electric leakage signal and have been at the electric leakage branch road and monitor the shortcoming that lost efficacy less than leakage current signal under the open-circuit condition.
Now still take electric heating shower as example, further specify application beneficial effect of the present invention by accompanying drawing 15:
Metal hose of running water, casing, running water pipe and the water outlet of electrothermal tube, inflow water tank etc. is the current potential that same E is ordered.
If user or outside line electrician are with L and N reversal connection, the current potential of phase line L has just become reference potential U after the startL, the pin of input ic 1IC (n); Measured point E can be with the current potential U in the earth of being close to of running water bandbPin (a) through R5 input ic 1IC. (a) of integrated circuit 1IC, (n) two inputs just reflect the current potential of the earth and the potential difference U of phase line LLb, must surpass dangerous values, so the electric heating shower that the electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit is housed just send to electrothermal tube and do not power on and send warning signal. Only have the wiring orientation of adjusting L and N, could work. This is large characteristics of electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit of the present invention.
If the short-circuit electric leakage has occured electrothermal tube, the power supply that can cut off rapidly electrothermal tube also ceaselessly sends warning signal. Make that the user is unlikely to be hurt because of electrothermal tube electric leakage. Could recover normal operation after changing electrothermal tube. This is the second largest characteristics of electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit of the present invention. If there is the charged contaminated problem of power utilization environment of running water, the power supply that can cut off rapidly electrothermal tube also ceaselessly sends warning signal. Although can not get rid of the water electrification phenomenon, the signal that ceaselessly sends can be warned the user, makes that the user is unlikely to be hurt because water is charged. Only decontaminate after the source, could recover normal operation. This is the third-largest characteristics of electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit of the present invention.
Single-phase two core plugs that adopted the present invention to be convenient to locate are with regard to the problem that does not exist ground wire electrification that the user is damaged. This is the fourth-largest characteristics. Each household, every building door, every building or each residential quarter; running water pipe, steam heating pipe etc. partly can be linked to the electric leakage potential monitoring point E of electric potential type creepage protecting device or Almightiness type earth leakage circuit breaker with electric leakage electric potential signal transmission line as external conductive; when dangerous electric leakage current potential appears in electric leakage potential monitoring point E; administering electric potential type creepage protecting device or the Almightiness type earth leakage circuit breaker of this electric field will cut off the electricity supply immediately; this just can eradicate the charged problem of running water, running water pipe and steam heating pipe; be conducive to purify power utilization environment, ensure the safety of people's lives and properties. This is to adopt the fifth-largest characteristics of the present invention.
Therefore, adopt the electric heating shower of circuit of the present invention and device, product electric leakage occurring and user's safety occurring to ensure under the contaminated situation of power utilization environment.
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) regulation: the electrocution-proof protection of I kind equipment does not only depend on basic insulation, also comprises a kind of additional safety measure. Since the restriction of historical conditions, the additional security measure of standard indication, only finger protection (ground connection) line.
Protective grounding be the most ancient, think effectively safety utilization of electric power technology always. As time goes on, great variety has occured in human settlement and consumer environment for use, has not been that multiple household electrical appliance have also been used by the bungalow of single household, every family now. People can not arrange separately the protection ground wire for each electric equipment. Like this, after all linking together with regard to the earthing of casing point of all electrical equipment in Jiang Yijia, a building even an estate management district, by being laid in the natural grounding utmost points such as underground water pipe or doing total ground connection with a copper ground connection busbar. When one of them being short-circuited property of electrical equipment leak current fault, when not cutting off the electricity supply again, the leak current fault voltage UEbTo spread along protection (ground connection) line, and make all electric appliance casings all have voltage-to-ground UEb, enlarged the electric leakage state of affairs. Such as imperfect earth or inefficacy, UEbNo better than supply voltage. There is the report because of ground wire electrification generation shock hazard in each state, and the protection of imperfect earth or inefficacy (ground connection) line has polluted power utilization environment. Along with building and housing estate development time are longer, long neglected and in disrepair, the problem of protection (ground connection) line loose contact or inefficacy can be more and more serious, and lifeline is in the past becoming the verge of death step by step. Progress along with science and technology and people's idea; by the present invention give the secure electric potential type creepage protecting function of stable performance, the quality of electric equipment products self as a kind of additional safety measure replace Performance and quality be subjected to execution conditions far-reaching, be easy to occur loose contact or inefficacy and become protection (ground connection) line that pollutes the power utilization environment chief culprit, be feasible.
At that time, chimney also once was environment protection equipment, and " factories with their forests of chimneys " thinks the symbol that industry is flourishing. Now, people recognize that the chimney of building do not eliminate dust, but the place that dust is diffused into other has been gone, and for whole environment, chimney is exactly pollution sources. So, produced and applied the advanced new technology such as water curtain dedusting, bag-type dust, electric precipitation, removing chimney step by step. One day, people also can abolish and once be traditional safety utilization of electric power technology, existing protection (ground connection) line that pollutes the power utilization environment chief culprit that just progressively becomes. This is to grow with each passing hour, the certainty of social development.
In a word, appearance of the present invention has solved the problem of electric equipment products self electric leakage and the power utilization environment pollution threat people security of the lives and property. Also for banning protection (ground connection) line that loose contact or failure phenomenon occur easily, solve the difficult problem that power utilization environment pollutes the international electrical appliance industry of this long-term puzzlement, necessary and feasible theory and material base are provided. Use the present invention, be conducive to purify power utilization environment, people's the security of the lives and property is more secure; Electric equipment products self have had earth leakage protective function, and value-added content of product is higher, and market is more wide. So the present invention will have a tremendous social and economic benefits.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of electric potential type creepage protecting method is characterized in that: the exposed conductive part of electric equipment and external conductive part E cut off the electricity supply once electric leakage current potential UE occurring.
2, a kind of electric leakage electric potential type action protector; mainly form by signal monitoring part (1), signal processing (2), actuator (3), hookup (4) and index signal part parts such as (5); it is characterized in that: signal monitoring part (1) has adopted current potential UN with neutral line N as reference potential; the exposed conductive part of electric equipment and the current potential UE of external conductive part E are used as the electric leakage current potential, both potential difference UEN are used as the electric potential type electric leakage signal observation circuit of electric leakage signal.
3, according to the described electric leakage electric potential type of claim 2 action protector; it is characterized in that: hookup (4) is made up of push-button switch (K2) and resistance (R6); one end of this electric potential type hookup (4) connects phase line L; the other end is connected to signal processing (2) with monitored electric leakage current potential; Push switch (K2); can be artificially the current potential of phase line L being drawn is the electric leakage current potential, is used to test the sensitivity and the reliability of protective device action.
4, a kind of electric potential type creepage protecting socket mainly is made up of socket box (81), circuit board (82) and unidirectional two core plugs (83).It is characterized in that: the circuit that claim 2 or 3 described electric leakage electric potential type action protectors have been installed on the circuit board (82) in the socket box (81).
5, a kind of composite type electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit; mainly combine by leakage protection circuit and physical quantity control circuit; it is characterized in that: the circuit that claim 2 or 3 described electric leakage electric potential type action protectors have been installed; the electric potential type creepage protecting circuit can be controlled the break-make of complete machine power supply, realizes earth leakage protective.
6, a kind of integral type electric potential type creepage protecting control circuit; mainly be made up of signal monitoring part (1), signal processing (2), actuator (3), hookup (4) and index signal part parts such as (5), it is characterized in that: signal monitoring part (1) comprises the signal monitoring circuit of controlled physical quantity and the electric potential type electric leakage signal observation circuit of the potential difference UEN of the exposed conductive part of monitoring electric equipment constantly and external conductive part E and neutral line N.
7, according to the described integral type electric potential type creepage protecting of claim 6 control circuit; it is characterized in that: hookup (4) is made up of push-button switch (K2) and resistance (R6); one end of this electric potential type hookup (4) connects phase line L; the other end is connected to signal processing (2) with monitored electric leakage current potential; Push switch (K2); can be artificially the current potential of phase line L being drawn is the electric leakage current potential, is used to test the sensitivity and the reliability of protective device action.
8, a kind of Almightiness type earth leakage protective device; mainly forms, it is characterized in that by signal monitoring part (1), signal processing (2), actuator (3), hookup (4) and index signal part (5) part of etc.ing: signal monitoring partly (1) comprise the moment monitor the exposed conductive part of electric equipment and external conductive part E and neutral line N potential difference UEN electric potential type electric leakage signal observation circuit and monitor because of the current mode electric leakage signal observation circuit of leakage current with " zero-sequence transformer " at secondary side winding fg generation induced potential Ufg.
9, according to the described Almightiness type earth leakage protective device of claim 8; it is characterized in that: hookup (4) comprises the electric potential type hookup be made up of push-button switch (K2) and resistance (R6) and is made up of switch (K1), resistance (R1) and electric capacity (C1); one end connects preceding power line of " zero-sequence transformer "; the other end connects another root power line after " zero-sequence transformer "; press test switch (K1); can produce leakage current artificially, make the secondary side winding of " zero-sequence transformer " produce the current mode hookup of responding to electric leakage electromotive force Ufg.
10, the present invention's single-phase two core plugs of being convenient to locate is characterized in that: the rectangular electrodes sheet that two sections of L and N are flat pattern becomes the Eight characters to arrange.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200410021413 CN1716723A (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2004-03-16 | Leakage potential type action protector |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410021413 CN1716723A (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2004-03-16 | Leakage potential type action protector |
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| CN1716723A true CN1716723A (en) | 2006-01-04 |
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| CN 200410021413 Pending CN1716723A (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2004-03-16 | Leakage potential type action protector |
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