CN1716083A - Electronic camera and automatic focusing method - Google Patents
Electronic camera and automatic focusing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1716083A CN1716083A CN 200510080452 CN200510080452A CN1716083A CN 1716083 A CN1716083 A CN 1716083A CN 200510080452 CN200510080452 CN 200510080452 CN 200510080452 A CN200510080452 A CN 200510080452A CN 1716083 A CN1716083 A CN 1716083A
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Abstract
The present invention provides an electronic camera which is fit for accurately automatic focusing control operation at high speed. The electronic camera comprises a C-MOS image sensor, a lens part which is provided with focusing lens, a vibration control part used for producing a vibration control signal to ensure that the focusing lens repeats the vibration operation of a series of operations, a focusing evaluating and calculating part used for producing a focusing evaluating value to show the focusing degree of the image of a shot object, a focusing direction confirming part used for calculating the changed quantity of the focusing evaluating value during the vibration period and confirming the direction for aligning the focus of the focusing lens according to the changed quantity, and a driving part used for driving the focusing lens to move, ensuring the focus is aligned and driving the focusing lens according to the vibration control signal. The vibration control part is fit for producing the vibration control signal to ensure that the center timing within a central pixel exposure period within the expectant range in the image, the center timing during the period that a near-end stops operating and the center timing during the period that a remote-end stops operating are basically consistent.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The present invention comprises the theme of the Japanese patent application JP that submits to Jap.P. office in Japanese patent application JP 2004-197194 number that submitted to Jap.P. office on July 2nd, 2004 and on Dec 20th, 2004 2004-368320 number, and its full content is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electronic camera and a kind of auto focusing method.
Background technology
The electronic image capturing apparatus that uses CCD (charge-coupled image sensor) imageing sensor to form as photo-electric conversion element, or so-called digital camera are very popular on market.
This digital camera is equipped with usually camera lens is carried out self-focusing auto focus control feature.Though there is multiple auto focus control system to use for digital camera, but at present the contrast, radio-frequency component etc. that are ingested the sensing range of image by extraction produce focus evaluation-value, and regulate lens position and make the system of focus evaluation-value maximum still be main flow.
Fig. 1 shows the curve map of focus evaluation-value with respect to lens location.With reference to Fig. 1, focus evaluation-value (Y-axis) is maximum in position in focus with respect to lens position (X-axis), and reduces and formation mountain shape curve according to the function from position in focus to the distance of far-end (leaving focus forward) and near-end (leaving focus backward).Therefore, for auto focus control, only need so that focus evaluation-value is positioned at the lens position that the mode at the top of mountain shape curve is controlled condenser lens.
When mobile focusing lens makes focus evaluation-value be positioned at the top of mountain shape curve, need detect the mountain shape slope of a curve of focus evaluation-value loca, and definite lens are with respect to the current location of position in focus.That is, need to determine that current lens position is with respect to the far-end or the near-end of position in focus.
Fig. 1 also shows and is used for determining with respect to the method that current lens position proposed of position in focus.With reference to Fig. 1, according to the method that is proposed, condenser lens is applied small vibration, the degree of the vibration that applies can not influence the image that will absorb, thereby the wave component (differential component dy/dx) by calculate determining focus evaluation-value is positive and negative (specifically referring to patent document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication 10-239579 number).Make condenser lens produce microvibration and be known as vibration (wobbling) with the operation of carrying out auto focus control.
An instantiation of vibration operation is described with reference to Fig. 2 below.In the curve of Fig. 2, transverse axis express time (is unit with the field), Z-axis is represented the position of condenser lens.
In this vibration operation, in very first time section (T1), condenser lens moves preset distance to near-end.Subsequently, in second time period (T2), condenser lens keeps transfixion in the given time.Then, in the 3rd time period (T3), condenser lens moves preset distance to far-end.At last, in the 4th time period (T4), condenser lens keeps transfixion in the given time once more.Then, the vibration operation repeats the process that moves and stop of from first to the 4th time period.In second time period and the 4th time period, measure focus evaluation-value, and calculate the poor of two values, thereby detect the wave component (differential component dy/dx) that trembles in the operation.
Summary of the invention
Simultaneously, proposed to comprise the digital camera of C-MOS (complementation-metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS)) imageing sensor in recent years as photo-electric conversion element.
The difference of the maximum of ccd image sensor and C-MOS imageing sensor is, ccd image sensor transmits the electric charge of each pixel by CCD, and the C-MOS imageing sensor then reads the signal of each pixel by lining by line scan.
Because the C-MOS imageing sensor reads the signal of each pixel by lining by line scan, thereby the phototiming in each image (timing) is not unique and inequality.In other words, the phototiming between pixel and the pixel has nothing in common with each other.
For example, with reference to Fig. 3, if than the first pixel of competiting place (field also is picture) and the phototiming between the tail pixel, then the mistiming is substantially equal to the field duration.
For this reason, when when carrying out the vibration operation and calculate the variable quantity of focus evaluation-value, mobile between the exposure period of the pixel that condenser lens can be in sensing range.So, the detection sensitivity of the variable quantity of focus evaluation-value reduces, and makes and can not carry out auto focus control exactly at a high speed.
In addition, shown in Fig. 4 A, when the scan operation by mobile focusing lens generates focus evaluation-value, though for the C-MOS imageing sensor, move in the exposing operation process of pixel that condenser lens can be in sensing range, but can not produce any problem for ccd image sensor, this is because shown in Fig. 4 C, for all pixels, phototiming is unique and identical.So the detection sensitivity of focus evaluation-value has also reduced, make and no longer may carry out the auto focus control operation exactly at a high speed.
When picked-up only shows weak contrast's the image of object and launch LED (light emitting diode) laser beam when carrying out auto focus control, luminous timing shown in Fig. 4 D can be satisfied ccd image sensor, this is because phototiming all is unique and identical for all pixels, but the C-MOS imageing sensor that has nothing in common with each other for the phototiming of each pixel, in vibration operation or scan operation, can create a difference between the luminous timing at the phototiming of the pixel in the sensing range and LED laser.
Consider the problem of above-mentioned discovery, be desirable to provide a kind of electronic camera and auto focusing method that is suitable for carrying out at a high speed accurate auto focus control operation.
According to the present invention, a kind of electronic camera is provided, comprising: imageing sensor, the photo-electric conversion element of a plurality of two-dimensional arrangements that are used for exposing by lining by line scan, and generate vision signal by read electric signal from each photo-electric conversion element; Lens section has a part as optical system, is used to assemble the image of reference object and is applicable to the condenser lens of the focal position of regulating reference object and is used for mobile control division to near-end and far-end mobile focusing lens; The vibration control part, be used to produce the vibration control signal so that condenser lens carries out the vibration operation of repetition sequence of operations, this sequence of operations is included in per 2 * n (n is a natural number) in the individual field duration, drives condenser lens and drives operation to the near-end that near-end moves preset distance, after driving operation, near-end make condenser lens stop the near-end shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time at near-end, drive operation at near-end shut-down operation rear drive condenser lens to the far-end that far-end moves preset distance, and after driving operation, far-end make condenser lens stop the far-end shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time at far-end; The focus evaluation-value calculating part is used for generating according to the vision signal in the preset range of image the focus evaluation-value of focusing degree of the image of expression reference object; Focusing direction determination portion is used to calculate the variable quantity of the focus evaluation-value of vibration operating period, and determines to make condenser lens direction in focus according to this variable quantity; And drive division, be used for according to focus evaluation-value and in focus direction drive condenser lens and move and make in focus, and drive mobile control division according to the vibration control signal.
Aforesaid according to electronic camera of the present invention in, the vibration control part is suitable for generating the vibration control signal so that in the image center between the center pixel exposure period of preset range regularly with the near-end shut-down operation during the center regularly and the timing of the center during the far-end shut-down operation consistent basically.
Replacedly, aforesaid according to electronic camera of the present invention in, the vibration control part is suitable for producing the vibration control signal, be between the exposure period that is used in the pixel that generates focus evaluation-value near-end shut-down operation and far-end shut-down operation during in.
According to the present invention, a kind of auto focusing method that uses with electronic camera is provided, this electronic camera has the photo-electric conversion element of a plurality of two-dimensional arrangements and by reading the imageing sensor that electric signal generates vision signal from each photo-electric conversion element of being used for exposing by lining by line scan, this method may further comprise the steps: the condenser lens that is used in the focal position of regulating reference object carries out the vibration operation of repetition sequence of operations, this sequence of operations is included in per 2 * n (n is a natural number) in the individual field duration, drives condenser lens and drives operation to the near-end that near-end moves preset distance, after driving operation, near-end make condenser lens stop the near-end shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time at near-end, drive operation at near-end shut-down operation rear drive condenser lens to the far-end that far-end moves preset distance, and after driving operation, far-end make condenser lens stop the far-end shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time at far-end; Generate the focus evaluation-value of the focusing degree of the image of representing reference object according to the vision signal in the preset range of image; And for the purpose of focal adjustments, calculate the variable quantity of the focus evaluation-value of trembleing operating period, determine to make condenser lens direction in focus according to this variable quantity, and according to focus evaluation-value and in focus direction drive condenser lens and move and make in focus.
Aforesaid according to auto focusing method of the present invention in, the center in the time shutter section of the center pixel in the preset range of image regularly basically with the vibration operation in the near-end shut-down operation during the center regularly and the timing of the center during the far-end shut-down operation consistent.
Replacedly, aforesaid according to auto focusing method of the present invention in, be used for generating between the exposure period of pixel of focus evaluation-value and be positioned at during the near-end shut-down operation and far-end shut-down operation of vibration operation.
According to the present invention, a kind of electronic camera is provided, comprising: imageing sensor, the photo-electric conversion element of a plurality of two-dimensional arrangements that are used for exposing by lining by line scan, and produce vision signal by read electric signal from each photo-electric conversion element; Lens section has a part as optical system, is used to assemble the image of reference object and is applicable to the condenser lens of the focal position of regulating reference object and is used for mobile control division to near-end and far-end mobile focusing lens; Scan control section, be used to produce the scan control signal that makes condenser lens carry out the scan operation of repetition sequence of operations, this sequence of operations comprises that driving condenser lens moves the driving operation of preset distance and stop the shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time after driving operation along predetermined direction; The focus evaluation-value calculating part is used for the focus evaluation-value of focusing degree that vision signal according to the preset range of image generates the image of expression reference object; And drive division, be used for driving condenser lens and move and make in focus, and drive mobile control division according to scan control signal according to focus evaluation-value.
Aforesaid according to electronic camera of the present invention in, scan control section is applicable to the generation scan control signal so that the center in the time shutter section of the center pixel of the preset range in the image regularly basically with shut-down operation during the center regularly consistent.
Replacedly, aforesaid according to electronic camera of the present invention in, scan control section is applicable to the generation scan control signal, in being in during the shut-down operation between the exposure period that is used in the pixel that produces focus evaluation-value.
According to the present invention, a kind of auto focusing method that uses with electronic camera is provided, this electronic camera has the photo-electric conversion element of a plurality of two-dimensional arrangements and by read the imageing sensor that electric signal produces vision signal from each photo-electric conversion element of being used for exposing by lining by line scan, the condenser lens that this method comprises the following steps: to be used in the focal position of regulating reference object carries out the scan operation of repetition sequence of operations, and this sequence of operations comprises that driving condenser lens moves the driving operation of preset distance and stop the shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time after driving operation along predetermined direction; Generate the focus evaluation-value of the focusing degree of the image of representing reference object according to the vision signal of the preset range in the image; And, drive condenser lens according to focus evaluation-value and move and make in focus for the purpose of focal adjustments.
Aforesaid according to auto focusing method of the present invention in, the center in the time shutter section of the center pixel of the preset range in the image regularly basically with shut-down operation during the center regularly consistent.
Replacedly, aforesaid according to auto focusing method of the present invention in, be used to generate be in during the shut-down operation between the exposure period of pixel of focus evaluation-value in.
Therefore, in electronic camera according to the present invention and auto focusing method, the center in the time shutter section of the center pixel of the preset range in the image regularly basically with the vibration operation in the near-end shut-down operation during the center regularly and the timing of the center during the far-end shut-down operation consistent.
Replacedly, in electronic camera according to the present invention and auto focusing method, be used for generating during the near-end shut-down operation that is in the vibration operation during the pixel exposure of focus evaluation-value and in during the far-end shut-down operation.
Utilize above-mentioned any one configuration, can make the timing of vibration operation and be used to measure the optimization that concerns between the phototiming of pixel of focus evaluation-value according to electronic camera of the present invention and auto focusing method.Therefore, can realize accurate and auto focus control at a high speed.
Therefore, in electronic camera according to the present invention and auto focusing method, the center in the time shutter section of the center pixel of the preset range in the image regularly basically with shut-down operation during the center regularly consistent.
Replacedly, in electronic camera according to the present invention and auto focusing method, be used to produce be in during the shut-down operation between the exposure period of pixel of focus evaluation-value in.
Utilize above-mentioned any one configuration, timing and being used to that can the optimization scan operation according to electronic camera of the present invention and auto focusing method detects relation between the phototiming of pixel of focus evaluation-value.
In electronic camera according to the present invention and auto focusing method, it is luminous with the time interval of time shutter of being shorter than each photo-electric conversion element of exposure than the secondary light source of the reference object of low luminance level to be used to shine demonstration.
Utilize this configuration, can make entire image show enough brightness, to realize accurately and auto focus control at a high speed according to electronic camera of the present invention and auto focusing method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the curve map of focus evaluation-value with respect to the condenser lens position;
Fig. 2 shows the synoptic diagram of vibration operation of the condenser lens of known video camera;
Fig. 3 shows the curve map of the mistiming between the phototiming of the phototiming of first pixel of field of C-MOS imageing sensor and tail pixel;
Fig. 4 shows the synoptic diagram of scan operation of the condenser lens of known video camera;
Fig. 5 shows by using the schematic block diagram of the video camera that the present invention realized;
Fig. 6 A～Fig. 6 C shows the synoptic diagram of one or more sensing ranges and specific region;
Fig. 7 shows the operational flowchart that calculates the mobile control signal that is identified for condenser lens;
Fig. 8 A～Fig. 8 C shows the synoptic diagram by the vibration operation (under the situation of four field duration) of the condenser lens of using the video camera that the present invention realized;
Fig. 9 A～Fig. 9 C shows the synoptic diagram by the vibration operation (under the situation of two field duration) of the condenser lens of using the video camera that the present invention realized;
Figure 10 A～Figure 10 C shows the synoptic diagram by the scan operation (under the situation of two field duration) of the condenser lens of using the video camera that the present invention realized;
Figure 11 A～Figure 11 C shows the synoptic diagram by the scan operation (under the situation of a field duration) of the condenser lens of using the video camera that the present invention realized; And
Figure 12 A～Figure 12 D shows the synoptic diagram by the light emission operation (under the situation of a field duration) of the secondary light source of using the video camera that the present invention realized.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to showing embodiments of the invention are described according to the accompanying drawing of electronic still camera of the present invention (being designated hereinafter simply as video camera).
Fig. 5 is the schematic block diagram by the video camera 10 of using the present invention's realization.
The inside of lens unit 11 comprises condenser lens 21 and is used to drive the lens drive division 22 of condenser lens 21 and other lens.Lens unit 11 also comprises other parts, for example, comprise zoom lens, be used for by the ultrared IR-cut filter of incident light, be used to limit incident light amount iris diaphragm plate (aperture blade) and be used to stop the optical system of the sector shutter (sector) of incident light, be used to drive the aperture drive division of iris diaphragm plate, and the shutter drive division that is used to drive sector shutter.
C-MOS imageing sensor 12 will be that the basis converts convey electronic video signals to the pixel via the imaging light that lens unit 11 enters on its light-receiving plane from reference object, and export this vision signal.C-MOS imageing sensor 12 reads timing generator regularly 13 controls by being used for phototiming and signal.Notice that exposed differently jointly with identical and consistent timing with CCD, with different time exposures, and read by continuous sweep by the signal of pixel for different pixels for C-MOS imageing sensor 12.The vision signal of reading from C-MOS imageing sensor 12 is provided for camera signal processing part 14.
Camera signal processing part 14 is carried out simulation process, comprises the vision signal that is provided by C-MOS imageing sensor 12 is carried out sampling processing and processing and amplifying, adjusts with its digitizing and to it by the A/D conversion, comprises γ correction, white balance etc.After signal Processing, camera signal processing part 14 is converted into the digital video signal such as the television system of NTSC system or the desired form of recording medium, and it is outputed to the outside.
Focus evaluation-value test section 15 is that the basis is according to the necessary focus evaluation-value E of video signal detection control automatic focus (AF) feature that is handled by camera signal processing part 14 with the field.Being used for controlling the necessary focus evaluation-value E of automatic focus (AF) feature is determined by the amount and the contrast value of the high fdrequency component of the sensing range of image.If the amount of the high fdrequency component in the sensing range is very big, and contrast is very high, and this sensing range is exactly in focus so.On the contrary, if in sensing range, the amount of high fdrequency component is very little, and contrast is very low, and this sensing range is not just not in focus so.In brief, focus evaluation-value E presentation video sensing range degree in focus.
Usually, single sensing range is defined as the center of image as shown in Figure 6A.Yet, also can be in the two or more sensing ranges of location definition outside the picture centre shown in Fig. 6 B and Fig. 6 C.
Be known as the specific region below the zone of representing by the dotted line among Fig. 6 A, 6B and the 6C that comprises all sensing ranges in the image.
Each parts of controller 16 control video cameras 10 are to carry out auto focus control and other functions.
Next, will the auto focus control feature of video camera 10 be described.
Auto focus control refers under control automatically mobile focusing lens 21, and adjustedly makes reference object in focus.When carrying out imaging operation, controller 16 continuous service auto focus control are with output image under optimum focusing state.To vibration operation and scan operation be described at auto focus control below.
(vibration operation)
Describe by calculating referring now to Fig. 7 and to determine auto focus control sequence of operation (step S1～step S8) required, that be used to drive the mobile control signal that condenser lens 21 moves.Notice that the sequence of operation of the step S1 that describes below～step S8 is carried out at each in the vibration operation by controller 16.
At first, controller 16 reads the focus evaluation-value E (step S1) of field from focus evaluation-value test section 15.
Then, controller 16 calculates the differential component dE (step S2) that determines focus evaluation-value according to the focus evaluation-value E of focus evaluation-value E that reads and previous field.
Next, controller 16 calculates and is identified for driving the mobile control signal (step S3) of condenser lens 21 to the accurate aligned position of focus.In other words, need to drive condenser lens 21 and move, so that focus evaluation-value is positioned at the top of mountain shape curve.For this reason, controller 16 calculates distance and the direction of determining from the current location of condenser lens 21 to the position that focus is accurately aimed at according to focus evaluation-value E and differential component dE, and according to generating and be used to drive the mobile control signal that condenser lens 21 moves to the position that focus is accurately aimed at from current location by calculating definite distance and direction.
Then, controller 16 judges whether next be to be shifted to far-end or to shift to near-end to tremble the field (step S4) of operation by small.If next is the field that will tremble operation, then controller 16 calculates the vibration amount of determining in step S5.On the other hand, if next is not the field that will tremble operation, controller 16 is selected the vibration amount in step S6 be 0.
Then, controller 16 produces according to the definite vibration amount of calculating in step S5 or S6 and is used to drive the vibration control signal (step S7) of condenser lens 21 to far-end or near-end minute movement.
Thereafter, mobile control signal that controller 16 will be determined in step S3 and the vibration control signal addition of determining in step S7 produce the total mobile control signal that is used for condenser lens 21.
Then, the total mobile control signal that will determine in the above described manner of controller 16 is applied to lens drive division 22.Lens drive division 22 drives condenser lens 21 according to total mobile control signal.The result is to make video camera 10 optimally regulate the focus of vision signal.
The vibration operation of video camera 10 is more specifically described with reference to Fig. 8 A to Fig. 9 C now.
Fig. 8 A and Fig. 9 A show when only using moving of vibration during control signal when being 0 (in other words, when be used to drive mobile control signal that condenser lens 21 moves to the accurate aligned position of focus) condenser lens 21.Particularly, in the curve map of Fig. 8 A and Fig. 9 A, transverse axis express time, Z-axis are represented the position of condenser lens 21.Fig. 8 B and Fig. 9 B show from the timing of the vertical synchronizing signal of the vision signal of timing generator 13 outputs.Fig. 8 C and Fig. 9 C show the timing of the exposure of the pixel (for example, the pixel c among Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 C) that is positioned at the center, specific region.
Fig. 8 A to Fig. 8 C shows the vibration of operating under the situation with four field duration in vibration and operates, and Fig. 9 A to Fig. 9 C shows the vibration operation of operating under the situation with two field duration trembleing.
In the vibration of video camera 10 operation, at first between the first phase in (T1), drive condenser lens 21 and move preset distance to near-end.This preset distance is the very little distance that can not influence pickup image.Then, in the second phase (T2), condenser lens 21 is forced to stop predetermined amount of time.Between the third phase (T3) in, drive condenser lens 21 to far-end move preset distance thereafter.Next, in (T4), condenser lens 21 is forced to stop predetermined amount of time between the fourth phase.Thereafter, repeat between the first phase to the operation cycle the fourth phase.
In addition, controller 16 produces the vibration control signal in the mode that a circulation of the vibration of condenser lens 21 operation equals the individual field interval of 2 * n (n is a natural number).
Simultaneously, controller 16 produces the vibration control signal in the following manner, if between from the vertical synchronizing signal to the first phase beginning of (T1) regularly time period or from the vertical synchronizing signal to the third phase between beginning time period regularly of (T3) equal tO, then time period t O produces the vibration control signal that has by the value of following formula (1) expression.
tO＝(hs+he-s-(n×v)-d)/2-ε...(1)
In formula (1), hs represented from vertical synchronizing signal to the time period of being read the timing of first pixel the specific region by C-MOS imageing sensor 12.For example, if C-MOS imageing sensor 12 is suitable for continuously the upper left corner from image to the signal of lower right corner scan image with read pixel, then hs is the time period of the timing of the signal of (Fig. 6 A is to the pixel s of Fig. 6 C) from vertical synchronizing signal to the pixel that reads the left upper that is arranged in the specific region.
In formula (1), he represented from vertical synchronizing signal to the time period of being read the timing of last pixel the specific region by C-MOS imageing sensor 12.For example, if C-MOS imageing sensor 12 is suitable for continuously the upper left corner from image to the signal of lower right corner scan image with read pixel, then he is the time period of the timing of the signal of (Fig. 6 A is to the pixel e of Fig. 6 C) from vertical synchronizing signal to the pixel that reads the lower right corner that is arranged in the specific region.
In formula (1), s represents the time shutter (opening the time of electronic shutter) of each pixel.
In formula (1), v represents the field duration.
In formula (1), n represents that (value of 2 * v) expressions, wherein T is the cycle period of vibration operation by n=T/.Notice that n is a natural number.
In formula (1), d is illustrated in the traveling time in the vibration operation.
In formula (1), ε represents to be used to proofread and correct the parameter of the mechanical delay of condenser lens 21.
By formula (1) as can be seen, as shown in Figure 8, the phase place of the vibration operation by control condenser lens 21, the center timing t x in can making between the exposure period of center pixel of specific region and the center timing t y of the second phase (T2) and between the fourth phase center timing of (T4) consistent.
In other words, can make during the near-end shut-down operation in the vibration operation the center regularly with the far-end shut-down operation during the center regularly with the exposure period of the pixel that is used for detecting focus evaluation-value between in the center regularly consistent.Therefore, in controller 16 can make between the exposure period of the pixel that is used to detect focus evaluation-value because the possibility that the lens that the vibration operation causes move is reduced to minimum.
In addition, from formula (1) as can be seen, phase control result as the vibration of condenser lens 21 operation, even produced moving of lens between the exposure period of the pixel that is used to detect focus evaluation-value, also can make in the second phase (T2) (during the near-end shut-down operation) to be used for detecting length between the exposure period of pixel of focus evaluation-value and equal to be used to detect length between the exposure period of pixel of focus evaluation-value in (T4) between the fourth phase (during far-end shut-down operation).In other words, can make between the first phase in (T1) (fine to operating period that near-end moves) to be used for detecting length between the exposure period of pixel of focus evaluation-value equals to be used to detect length between the exposure period of pixel of focus evaluation-value at (T3) between the third phase (fine to operating period that far-end moves).
Therefore, video camera 10 can make between the effective exposure period that is used to detect focus evaluation-value in each and be equal to each other, and therefore always can detect any wave component that may exist in the focus evaluation-value exactly.
The phase place of vibration operation is controlled in the following manner, make during the shut-down operation of vibration operation the center regularly with the foregoing description in the exposure period of center pixel of specific region between the center regularly consistent, with by the vibration operation between the exposure period of the pixel that is used to detect focus evaluation-value, make any mobile minimizing possibility of lens.Yet, do not adopt control center regularly so that it is consistent each other, the phase place that also can alternatively control the vibration operation is mobile with the lens that caused by the vibration operation in preventing between the exposure period of all pixels that are used for detecting focus evaluation-value.
(scan operation)
Now, will be described below by detect the scan operation of the lens position that makes the focus evaluation-value maximum with constant speed drive condenser lens 21.This auto focus control operation is realized by export mobile control signal to condenser lens 21 when carrying out the image capture operation by controller 16.Carrying out auto focus control by scan operation is to move in condenser lens 21 is between the exposure period of the pixel that is used to detect focus evaluation-value in order to prevent, the situation that this and above-mentioned vibration are operated is the same.
At first, controller 16 drives condenser lens 21 usually and moves to nearest position, to begin scan operation in the mobile range of lens unit 11.When the operation of the position that condenser lens 21 is urged to the beginning scan operation was finished, condenser lens 21 was shifted to unlimited end usually to begin scanning.
Controller 16 (for example reads the field from focus evaluation-value test section 15, from most proximal end to unlimited end) focus evaluation-value E, and calculate the mode be identified for being positioned at the top of mountain shape curve and drive the mobile control signal that condenser lens 21 moves to the accurate aligned position of focus with focus evaluation-value.Then, according to mobile control signal, controller drives condenser lens 21 practically and shifts to and be judged as the position of position in focus.
Describe with reference to Figure 10 A to Figure 11 C below and drive the timing that condenser lens moves.
Figure 10 A and Figure 11 A show when it is only applied a scan control signal moving of when shifting to the mobile control signal of the accurate aligned position of focus and equaling 0 (in other words, when be used to drive condenser lens 21) condenser lens 21.Specifically, in the curve map of Figure 10 A and Figure 11 A, transverse axis is represented the time, and Z-axis is represented the position of condenser lens 21.Figure 10 B and Figure 11 B show from the timing of the vertical synchronizing signal of the vision signal of timing generator 13 outputs.Figure 10 C and Figure 11 C show the phototiming of the pixel (for example, the pixel c among Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 C) that is positioned at the center, specific region.
Figure 10 A to Figure 10 C shows in scan operation has scan operation under the situations of two field duration, and Figure 11 A to Figure 11 C shows in scan operation and has scan operation under the situation of a field duration.
In the scan operation of video camera 10, at first between the first phase in (T1), drive condenser lens 21 and move preset distance to far-end.This predeterminable range is the very little distance that can not influence pickup image.Then, in the second phase (T2), condenser lens 21 is forced to stop predetermined amount of time.Repeat between the first phase and the cycling of the second phase thereafter.
In addition, controller 16 equals the mode of n (n is a natural number) individual field duration with a circulation of the scan operation of condenser lens 21 and produces scan control signal.
Simultaneously, controller 16 produces scan control signal with following method, if between from the vertical synchronizing signal to the first phase beginning of (T1) regularly during equal tO, then during tO produce the scan control signal that has by the value of following formula (2) expression.
t0＝(hs+he-s-(n×v)-d)/2-ε ...(2)
Formula (2) is identical with above-mentioned formula (1), but, represents that when T represents a circulation time of scan operation, n wherein d represents the traveling time in the scan operation by the value of n=T/v (n is a natural number) expression.
By formula (2) as can be seen, as shown in figure 10, by the phase place of scan operation of control condenser lens 21, the center timing t x in can making between the exposure period of the center pixel of specific region is consistent with the center timing t y of the second phase (T2).
In other words, can make during the shut-down operation in scan operation the center regularly with the exposure period of the pixel that is used for detecting focus evaluation-value between in the center timing consistent.Therefore, in controller 16 can make between the exposure period of the pixel that is used to detect focus evaluation-value because the minimizing possibility that the lens that scan operation causes move.
Therefore, video camera 10 can make between the effective exposure period that is used to detect focus evaluation-value in each and be equal to each other, and therefore always can detect any wave component that may exist in the focus evaluation-value exactly.
The phase place of scan operation is controlled in the following manner, make during the shut-down operation of scan operation the center regularly with the foregoing description in the exposure period of center pixel of specific region between the center regularly consistent, with by the scan operation between the exposure period of the pixel that is used to detect focus evaluation-value, make any mobile minimizing possibility of lens.Yet, do not adopt control center regularly so that it is consistent each other, the phase place of gated sweep operation mobile with the lens that cause by scan operation in preventing between the exposure period of all pixels that are used for detecting focus evaluation-value alternatively yet.
(light emission operation of secondary light source)
Next use description to shine the light emission operation of the secondary light source 17 of the reference object that shows the weak contrast.The same with above-mentioned vibration operation and scan operation, secondary light source 17 is luminous in the following manner, that is, make the center between light emission period regularly regularly consistent, or make it luminous between the exposure period of all pixels that are used to detect focus evaluation-value with the center of the exposure of the center pixel of specific region.Utilize this configuration, can realize accurately and auto focus control at a high speed.
Yet, operate as above-mentioned vibration operation and scan operation when secondary light source and to be used for luminous and when using the C-MOS imageing sensor, fill-in light only shines parts of images.So, so, for example, if with the LED laser instrument as secondary light source 17, and the reference object that shows the weak contrast is that the amplitude by being used for recording light and the holographic photography of phase place come in focus, then is difficult to obtain to be enough to reproduce the hologram of three-dimensional reference object.
Though in all cycle periods of vibration operation or scan operation, can obtain satisfied hologram, but still define the upper limit of the output energy of LED laser instrument according to the safety standard of for example ISO (ISO (International Standards Organization)) standard by the irradiation fill-in light.
Therefore, utilize according to auto focusing method of the present invention, it is luminous satisfying safety standard that secondary light source 17 is actuated to the interval shorter than the time shutter, and make the reference object that shows the weak contrast show enough brightness.
Figure 12 A to Figure 12 D shows the light emission operation when driving secondary light source 17 is luminous with the cycle faster 8 times than exposure cycle.Figure 12 A shows the operation of condenser lens 21, and Figure 12 B shows the timing of the vertical synchronizing signal of the vision signal of being exported by timing generator 13.Figure 12 C shows pixel (for example, the pixel c among Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 C timing of) exposure, and Figure 12 D shows the luminous timing of secondary light source 17 of the center that is positioned at the specific region.Notice that Figure 12 A to Figure 12 D shows the light emission operation when the cycle of scan operation equals a field duration.
Therefore, secondary light source 17 is according to vertical synchronizing signal, during each vertical synchronization/and emission light pulse during 2n (n is a natural number).Opening the ratio of time and shut-in time can adjust, thereby it is luminous with the recurrent interval that is shorter than the time shutter to drive secondary light source 17, satisfying safety standard, and obtains all to show in the entire image zone image of enough brightness.The result is to obtain to be enough to reproduce the hologram of three-dimensional reference object.Therefore, can realize accurate and auto focus control at a high speed.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. electronic camera comprises:
Imageing sensor, the photo-electric conversion element of a plurality of two-dimensional arrangements that are used for exposing by lining by line scan, and generate vision signal by read electric signal from each described photo-electric conversion element;
Lens section has a part as optical system, is used to assemble the image of reference object and is applicable to the condenser lens of the focal position of regulating described reference object and be used for moving to near-end and far-end the mobile control division of described condenser lens;
The vibration control part, be used to produce the vibration control signal so that described condenser lens carries out the vibration operation of repetition sequence of operations, described sequence of operations is included in per 2 * n (n is a natural number) in the individual field duration, drives described condenser lens and drives operation to the near-end that described near-end moves preset distance, after driving operation, described near-end make described amasthenic lens stop the near-end shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time at described near-end, drive operation at the described condenser lens of described near-end shut-down operation rear drive to the far-end that described far-end moves preset distance, and after driving operation, described far-end make described condenser lens stop the far-end shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time at described far-end;
The focus evaluation-value calculating part is used for generating according to the vision signal in the preset range of described image the focus evaluation-value of focusing degree of the image of the described reference object of expression;
Focusing direction determination portion is used to calculate the described variable quantity that trembles the focus evaluation-value of operating period, and determines to make described condenser lens direction in focus according to described variable quantity; And
Drive division, be used for according to described focus evaluation-value and in focus direction drive described condenser lens and move and make in focus, and drive described mobile control division according to described vibration control signal;
Described vibration control part is suitable for generating described vibration control signal so that in the described image center between the center pixel exposure period of preset range regularly with described near-end shut-down operation during the center regularly and the timing of the center during the described far-end shut-down operation consistent basically.
2. electronic camera comprises:
Imageing sensor, the photo-electric conversion element of a plurality of two-dimensional arrangements that are used for exposing by lining by line scan, and generate vision signal by read electric signal from each described photo-electric conversion element;
Lens section has a part as optical system, is used to assemble the image of reference object and is applicable to the condenser lens of the focal position of regulating described reference object and be used for moving to near-end and far-end the mobile control division of described condenser lens;
The vibration control part, be used to produce the vibration control signal so that described condenser lens carries out the vibration operation of repetition sequence of operations, described sequence of operations is included in per 2 * n (n is a natural number) in the individual field duration, drives described condenser lens and drives operation to the near-end that described near-end moves preset distance, after driving operation, described near-end make described amasthenic lens stop the near-end shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time at described near-end, drive operation at the described condenser lens of described near-end shut-down operation rear drive to the far-end that described far-end moves preset distance, and after driving operation, described far-end make described condenser lens stop the far-end shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time at described far-end;
The focus evaluation-value calculating part is used for generating according to the vision signal in the preset range of described image the focus evaluation-value of focusing degree of the image of the described reference object of expression;
Focusing direction determination portion is used to calculate the described variable quantity that trembles the focus evaluation-value of operating period, and determines to make described condenser lens direction in focus according to described variable quantity; And
Drive division, be used for according to described focus evaluation-value and in focus direction drive described condenser lens and move and make in focus, and drive described mobile control division according to described vibration control signal;
Described vibration control part is suitable for producing described vibration control signal, be between the exposure period that is used in the pixel that generates described focus evaluation-value described near-end shut-down operation and described far-end shut-down operation during in.
3. auto focusing method that uses with electronic camera, described electronic camera has the photo-electric conversion element of a plurality of two-dimensional arrangements and by read the imageing sensor that electric signal generates vision signal from each described photo-electric conversion element of being used for exposing by lining by line scan, and described method comprises the following steps:
The condenser lens that is used in the focal position of regulating reference object carries out the vibration operation of repetition sequence of operations, described sequence of operations is included in per 2 * n (n is a natural number) in the individual field duration, drives described condenser lens and drives operation to the near-end that near-end moves preset distance, after driving operation, described near-end make described condenser lens stop the near-end shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time at described near-end, drive operation at the described condenser lens of described near-end shut-down operation rear drive to the far-end that far-end moves preset distance, and after driving operation, described far-end make described condenser lens stop the far-end shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time at described far-end;
Generate the focus evaluation-value of the focusing degree of the image of representing described reference object according to the vision signal in the preset range of described image; And
Purpose for focal adjustments, calculate the described variable quantity that trembles the focus evaluation-value of operating period, determine to make described condenser lens direction in focus according to described variable quantity, and according to described focus evaluation-value and in focus direction drive described condenser lens and move and make in focus;
Center in the time shutter section of the center pixel in the preset range of described image regularly basically with described vibration operation in described near-end shut-down operation during the center regularly and the timing of the center during the described far-end shut-down operation consistent.
4. auto focusing method that uses with electronic camera, described electronic camera has the photo-electric conversion element of a plurality of two-dimensional arrangements and by read the imageing sensor that electric signal generates vision signal from each described photo-electric conversion element of being used for exposing by lining by line scan, and described method comprises the following steps:
The condenser lens that is used in the focal position of regulating reference object carries out the vibration operation of repetition sequence of operations, described sequence of operations is included in per 2 * n (n is a natural number) in the individual field duration, drives described condenser lens and drives operation to the near-end that near-end moves preset distance, after driving operation, described near-end make described condenser lens stop the near-end shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time at described near-end, drive operation at the described condenser lens of described near-end shut-down operation rear drive to the far-end that far-end moves preset distance, and after driving operation, described far-end make described condenser lens stop the far-end shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time at described far-end;
Generate the focus evaluation-value of the focusing degree of the image of representing described reference object according to the vision signal in the preset range of described image; And
Purpose for focal adjustments, calculate the described variable quantity that trembles the focus evaluation-value of operating period, determine to make described condenser lens direction in focus according to described variable quantity, and according to described focus evaluation-value and in focus direction drive described condenser lens and move and make in focus;
Be used for generating between the exposure period of pixel of described focus evaluation-value and be positioned at during the described near-end shut-down operation and described far-end shut-down operation of described vibration operation.
5. electronic camera comprises:
Imageing sensor, the photo-electric conversion element of a plurality of two-dimensional arrangements that are used for exposing by lining by line scan, and produce vision signal by read electric signal from each described photo-electric conversion element;
Lens section has a part as optical system, is used to assemble the image of reference object and is applicable to the condenser lens of the focal position of regulating described reference object and be used for moving to near-end and far-end the mobile control division of described condenser lens;
Scan control section, be used to produce the scan control signal that makes described condenser lens carry out the scan operation of repetition sequence of operations, described sequence of operations comprises that driving described condenser lens moves the driving operation of preset distance and stop the shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time after described driving operation along predetermined direction;
The focus evaluation-value calculating part is used for the focus evaluation-value of focusing degree that vision signal according to the preset range of described image generates the image of the described reference object of expression; And
Drive division is used for driving described condenser lens according to described focus evaluation-value and moves and make in focus, and drives described mobile control division according to described scan control signal;
Described scan control section is applicable to and produces described scan control signal so that the center in the time shutter section of the center pixel of the preset range in the described image regularly basically with described shut-down operation during the center regularly consistent.
6. electronic camera comprises:
Imageing sensor, the photo-electric conversion element of a plurality of two-dimensional arrangements that are used for exposing by lining by line scan, and produce vision signal by read electric signal from each described photo-electric conversion element;
Lens section has a part as optical system, is used to assemble the image of reference object and is applicable to the condenser lens of the focal position of regulating described reference object and be used for moving to near-end and far-end the mobile control division of described condenser lens;
Scan control section, be used to produce the scan control signal that makes described condenser lens carry out the scan operation of repetition sequence of operations, described sequence of operations comprises that driving described condenser lens moves the driving operation of preset distance and stop the shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time after described driving operation along predetermined direction;
The focus evaluation-value calculating part is used for the focus evaluation-value of focusing degree that vision signal according to the preset range of described image generates the image of the described reference object of expression; And
Drive division is used for driving described condenser lens according to described focus evaluation-value and moves and make in focus, and drives described mobile control division according to described scan control signal;
Described scan control section is applicable to and produces described scan control signal, in being in during the described shut-down operation between the exposure period that is used in the pixel that produces described focus evaluation-value.
7. auto focusing method that uses with electronic camera, described electronic camera has the photo-electric conversion element of a plurality of two-dimensional arrangements and by read the imageing sensor that electric signal produces vision signal from each photo-electric conversion element of being used for exposing by lining by line scan, and described method comprises the following steps:
The condenser lens that is used in the focal position of regulating reference object carries out the scan operation of repetition sequence of operations, and described sequence of operations comprises that driving described condenser lens moves the driving operation of preset distance and stop the shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time after described driving operation along predetermined direction;
Generate the focus evaluation-value of the focusing degree of the image of representing described reference object according to the vision signal of the preset range in the described image; And
For the purpose of focal adjustments, drive described condenser lens according to described focus evaluation-value and move and make in focus;
Center in the time shutter section of the center pixel of the preset range in the described image regularly basically with described shut-down operation during the center regularly consistent.
8. auto focusing method that uses with electronic camera, described electronic camera has the photo-electric conversion element of a plurality of two-dimensional arrangements and by read the imageing sensor that electric signal produces vision signal from each photo-electric conversion element of being used for exposing by lining by line scan, and described method comprises the following steps:
The condenser lens that is used in the focal position of regulating reference object carries out the scan operation of repetition sequence of operations, and described sequence of operations comprises that driving described condenser lens moves the driving operation of preset distance and stop the shut-down operation of predetermined amount of time after described driving operation along predetermined direction;
Generate the focus evaluation-value of the focusing degree of the image of representing described reference object according to the vision signal of the preset range in the described image; And
For the purpose of focal adjustments, drive described condenser lens according to described focus evaluation-value and move and make in focus;
Be used to generate be in during the described shut-down operation between the exposure period of pixel of described focus evaluation-value in.
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| CN201110118896XA Division CN102202179B (en) | 2004-07-02 | 2005-07-01 | Electronic camera and automatic focusing method |
| CN2009100062558A Division CN101489048B (en) | 2004-07-02 | 2005-07-01 | An electronic camera and auto focusing method |
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| CN100538501C CN100538501C (en) | 2009-09-09 |
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| CN2009100062558A Expired - Fee Related CN101489048B (en) | 2004-07-02 | 2005-07-01 | An electronic camera and auto focusing method |
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| CN101197949B (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2011-05-04 | 瑞萨电子株式会社 | Image sensor |
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| US10136046B2 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2018-11-20 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Imaging and sensing during an auto-focus procedure |
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| JP2539495B2 (en) * | 1988-07-22 | 1996-10-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Automatic focusing device |
| JP2725937B2 (en) * | 1992-02-19 | 1998-03-11 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Auto focus device |
| JPH07162732A (en) * | 1993-12-08 | 1995-06-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Automatic focus adjusting device and video camera |
| JP2003215440A (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-07-30 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | Autofocus method and autofocus device |
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- 2005-07-01 CN CNB2005100804526A patent/CN100538501C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-01 CN CN2009100062558A patent/CN101489048B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN101489048A (en) | 2009-07-22 |
| CN100538501C (en) | 2009-09-09 |
| CN101489048B (en) | 2011-07-06 |
| JP2009145913A (en) | 2009-07-02 |
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