CN1714282A - Optical hydrophone for a shock-wave field with long service life - Google Patents
Optical hydrophone for a shock-wave field with long service life Download PDFInfo
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- CN1714282A CN1714282A CN 200380103818 CN200380103818A CN1714282A CN 1714282 A CN1714282 A CN 1714282A CN 200380103818 CN200380103818 CN 200380103818 CN 200380103818 A CN200380103818 A CN 200380103818A CN 1714282 A CN1714282 A CN 1714282A
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- light
- optical
- hydrophone
- transparent body
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
- A61B17/22029—Means for measuring shock waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an optical hydrophone for the measurement of the acoustic pressure distribution in a fluid medium, in particular, for the determination of an ultrasound shock-wave field, comprising a light source, for the generation of light (LS) and for the illumination of a surface region (6), arranged on a boundary region (8) between an optically transparent body (4) and the fluid medium (10). There is a light receiver (14) for measuring the intensity of the light (LR) reflected from said surface region (6). The above serves as a measure of the acoustic pressure. According to the invention, the illuminated surface region (6) is smaller than the boundary surface (8), formed between the body (4) and the fluid medium (10). The above permits the production of a hydrophone with a long service life and high spatial resolution capacity.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of optical hydrophone that the fluid media (medium) acoustic pressure distributes that is used for measuring, in particular for measuring the optical hydrophone of ultrasonic impact wave field or diagnostic ultrasound.
In the acoustics shock wave, resemble in the acoustics shock wave that for example in lithotrity, is utilized, occurred up to being approximately 10
8The high pressure of handkerchief (Pa), its rise time is in the scope less than nanosecond (ns).Measure the sensor that high like this pressure requires to have high mechanical stability.In addition, distribute in order to come the acoustic pressure in the measuring shock waves field with high as far as possible local resolution, these sensors should minimize as far as possible.
(be published in Ultrasonics 1993 at European patent specification EP 0 354 229 B1 or German patent application prospectus DE 3,802 024 A1 and the title delivered by J.Staudenraus and W.Eisenmenger in the article of " Fibre-opticprobe hydrophone for ultrasonic and shock-wave measurements in water ", Vol.31, No.4, on the 267-273 page or leaf) a kind of measurement mechanism disclosed respectively, wherein, utilize the reflected light on the light wave guide free end for the room and time of measuring the ultrasonic impact wave pressure in liquid distributes.Utilize the high pressure amplitude to make the liquid of free end close vicinity produce variable density and variations in refractive index in this known fiber optics measurement mechanism, these change modulates the share of the light of place, light wave guide median surface reflected back.At this, the diameter that is used as the light wave guide of measuring is no more than 0.1mm.The light wave guide free end of that decision liquid/light wave guide boundary reflection ability constitutes with perpendicular sphere or the plane end of light wave guide by one.Because this end face is minimum, can obtain to measuring the desired high local resolution of focused shock wave, low directional sensitivity and high bandwidth.
Disclose a kind of shock wave Fibre Optical Sensor by German patent application prospectus DE 39 32 711 A1, wherein the free end of light wave guide is designed to rotary body, and its envelope is described by a cubic polynomial.By this measure, even when utilizing larger-diameter light wave guide, not only improved its susceptibility, also improved its local resolution.
At Koch, Ch. the title of delivering (is published in Ultrasonics 34 for the article of " Coated fiber-optic hydrophone for ultrasonicmeasurement ", 1996, on the 687-689 page or leaf) a kind of fiber optics nautical receiving set disclosed, it both had been used to change the refractive index of surrounding fluid, be used to change the performance of an interferometer that forms by dielectric layer at the fibre tip place again, so that improve the susceptibility of measurement mechanism like this.
Yet the shortcoming of known fiber optics nautical receiving set is: the very easy fragmentation of these nautical receiving sets, and may be destroyed behind the shock wave of 10 to 100 about 50 MPas (MPa).In addition, can repeatedly make desired separately shape, demanding production technology cost for the free end that makes light wave guide.
In the literature, for example at Beard, PC, the title that Mills TN delivers (is published in Proc.SpiE 3916 for the article of " An opticaldetection system for biomedical photoacoustic imaging ", 2000, the 100-109 page or leaf) or Beard, the title that PC delivers (is published in Proc.SpiE 4618 for " Photoacousticimaging of blood ressel equivalent phantoms ", 2002, a kind of interferometric measuring means is also disclosed the 54-62 page or leaf), wherein a kind of polymer thin film is used as and carries out the large tracts of land Fabry-Perot interferometer of optics point by point scanning, thereby obtain the two dimensional image that a width of cloth acoustic pressure distributes.Yet a kind of like this device is not suitable for being used for measuring shock waves.
The technical matters that the present invention will solve now provides a kind of optical hydrophone that is used for measuring the distribution of fluid media (medium) acoustic pressure, and its production technology is simple, has the long life-span, and its spatial resolution can be suitable with existing known fiber optics nautical receiving set.
According to the present invention, above-mentioned technical matters adopts a kind of nautical receiving set with the described feature of claim 1 to solve.Such nautical receiving set comprise one be used to produce light and be used to shine the light source of a surf zone on interface between an optical transparent body and the described fluid media (medium) and one be used to measure that intensity of reflected light is as the measurement mechanism of acoustic pressure tolerance on the described surf zone, wherein irradiated surf zone is less than the interface that forms between the transparent body and fluid media (medium).
The present invention is based on such idea: only need see between this transparent body and the sound bearing medium size of illuminated surf zone on the interface for reaching high spatial resolution.In other words, this transparent body needn't be forced to be designed to reflect the optical conductor of delivery light therein by wall, but form by corresponding ray, produces a kind of in this transparent body, freely propagate and to have a light beam of a ray xsect that adapts with each demand purpose by the formation of the ray on interface zone correspondingly just enough.This transparent body has the size more much bigger than ray xsect like this, and can correspondingly be designed to monoblock, thereby it can not destroyed as the shock wave that may occur when lithotrity focuses on again.In addition, this interface can not process not difficultly, thereby can reach high production efficiency, and only needs less manufacturing technology cost.
The title of G.Paltauf and H.Schmidt-Kloiber is that " Measurement of laserinducedacoustic waves with a calibrated optical transducer " (is published in J.Appl.Phys.82 (4), 1997, on the 1525-1531 page or leaf) article in a kind of measurement mechanism of a short laser pulse in a sample uptake that be used for measuring disclosed, wherein the sound wave that is produced by laser beam in this sample enters a water-filled chamber and causes the modulation of refractive index there.This chamber is the boundary with the basal plane of glass prism, and sidelight enters this glass prism, and free (i.e. no reflection events on the interface) propagated there, and occurs with the cirtical angle of total reflection on basal plane.Those are measured by the caused modulation to reflected light share on this basal plane of refraction index modulation, and consider as the measuring of laser power that in this sample, absorbs.Although utilized in this structure and the identical physical influence of known fiber optics nautical receiving set, this structure can not be used for a kind of like this to absorbing the indirect measurement that laser power is carried out, because it is subjected to the propagation effect of laser beam.Given this reason, it is transparent prism cone perpendicular to the laser beam direction of propagation and to laser beam that light has entered its basal plane from side direction, does not pass the prism cone thereby laser beam can be had with hindering.In addition, be not that the sound field distribution measuring is in critical role in this measurement mechanism, because only considered the laser power that all in this sample, absorbs.
The present invention now institute based on understanding be: the basic design of being adopted in this known measurement mechanism---promptly be not utilize the end of a fiber but utilize the illuminated subregion of a solid to be used as measuring the surface of sensitivity---is suitable in the space of ultrasonic field high resolving power measurement situation, in principle although spatial resolution is only determined by the size of illuminated subregion because this transparent body has bigger size.
In a kind of preferred structure of the present invention, the light that is produced shines this surf zone with an incident angle more much smaller than the cirtical angle of total reflection, especially less than half of the cirtical angle of total reflection.By the incident angle incident that obviously departs from the cirtical angle of total reflection with one, though its susceptibility is with respect to have descended near the light of cirtical angle of total reflection incident, it is insensitive to the little variation of incident angle that but its advantage is measurement mechanism, almost has nothing to do with incident angle because be significantly less than the reflectivity of the incident angle of the cirtical angle of total reflection.In addition, in a kind of like this incident angle, especially in the vertical incidence district (incident angle is 0 °), thereby reflectivity almost with the refractive index and the linear variation of acoustic pressure of fluid media (medium), thereby reflection strength is same and acoustic pressure is almost linear.
Especially the interface of this transparent body is flat, and irradiated surf zone is significantly less than the interface.In other words: this interface is than the big manyfold of illuminated surf zone.So in a kind of preferred construction, this transparent body is arranged to and can changes the position with respect to the light path of the light that propagates into described interface therein, thereby irradiated surf zone can be positioned on the diverse location at this interface according to the position of this transparent body.So, under the situation that the illuminated surf zone in this interface may be damaged, this surf zone can be moved to the another location.When the transparent body was rectangular parallelepiped shape, this can realize by being parallel to moving of interface.This transparent body can also have a kind of polygonized structure that has flat sides opposite each other.In this case, the change in location of illuminated surf zone can be by realizing this transparent body on the interface around an axis of symmetry that is parallel to this flat sides.
Optical transparent body preferably has one as far as possible near the refractive index of fluid media (medium) refractive index.So, static reflex ability, the reflection potential minimum when promptly not having ultrasonic field, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) maximum.
In another preferred construction of the present invention, irradiated surf zone is at least near disc.So, guarantee that the susceptibility of this nautical receiving set and its turned position around this optical propagation direction are irrelevant.
Further preferred structure is embodied in other dependent claims.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment:
Fig. 1,2 shows a kind of optical hydrophone of the present invention in the schematic diagram mode respectively.
According to Fig. 1, this optical hydrophone comprises a light source 2 that is used to produce light LS, and it for example is a kind of laser diode in the present embodiment, light is sent in the transparent body 4, the latter for example be in the present embodiment one by glass (for example refractive index is n
K=1.45, wavelength is the quartz glass of 800 nanometers) cubic block that constitute, approximate.Not only the thickness of this transparent body 4 but also its lateral dimensions are 1 millimeter to 50 millimeters scope.The light LS that sends freely propagates in this transparent body 4, promptly can on the wall of this transparent body 4, not reflect, and approach vertically, promptly in the transparent body of making by glass 4, to be radiated at the disc surf zone 6 of a planar interface 8 at least in the mode that has angular aperture (this angular aperture illustrates in the mode of amplifying in the drawings) less than 10 °.A part that projects the light LS on this surf zone 6 is reflected there.The intensity of reflected light LR only depends on the refractive index n of the projection light intensity and the transparent body 4 when vertical incidence
KWith the refractive index n that is positioned at the fluid media (medium) 10 outside the transparent body 4
M, be that refractive index is n at existing this fluid media (medium) of situation
MThe water of=1.34 (when 800 nanometers).
Incide the refractive index n of ultrasound wave 12 fluid medium 10 on the interface 8
MProduce modulation (by the refractive index n of ultrasound wave to the transparent body 4
KThe modulation that produces can be ignored), thus the intensity of reflected light LR on the interface 8 is modulated.The time-dependent variation in intensity of reflected light LR is at an optical receiver 14, for example measure in the photodiode, and as the time dependent direct tolerance of the acoustic pressure on the illuminated surf zone 6.
In illustrated embodiment, at the transmission light LS of the transparent body 4 outsides and reflected light LR along a light guide 16 delivery, wherein for the light path branch is offered a YXing Ouheqi 18.
Yet.Can also allow light freely propagate between the light source 2 and the transparent body 4 and between the transparent body 4 and optical receiver 14 in principle.In order to make this two light paths uncoupling, then can also adopt the ray divider.
For the light LS that will send focuses on the interface 8, an imaging optical device or mirror group 20 are set, its delivery outlet 22 with YXing Ouheqi 18 (it also is the hole that enters of reflected light LR) projects on the interface 8.This delivery outlet 22 for example is 0.125 millimeter in the present embodiment, and can be amplified to 1 millimeter by regulating imaging optical device or mirror group 20 (arrow 24).
Imaging optical device 20, YXing Ouheqi 18 or ray divider can also be arranged in the inside of the transparent body 4, thereby make a kind of compactness and insensitive hydrophone structure become possibility.
The transparent body 4 can be arranged to such an extent that as shown in arrow 26ly do moving perpendicular to its optical axis (perpendicular to light path and perpendicular to the normal at surf zone 6 or interface 8) with respect to imaging optical device 20 like that.If owing to ultrasonic pulse or because cavitation effect makes near the surface of this transparent body 4 illuminated surf zone 6 damage occur, just this transparent body 4 can be moved several millimeters, be positioned at again up to irradiated surf zone 6 on the not impaired position of this transparent body 4.
If the light LS that light source 2 produces then needn't adopt ray divider or YXing Ouheqi not to be that 0 ° angle projects on the interface 8.In this case, incident light LS and reflected light LR be according to the uncoupling after corresponding distance of incident angle and beam diameter, i.e. delivery outlet and enter the hole and can spatially arrange apart from each other, thus this guide structure can be made of the optical conductor that separates.In addition, then this imaging optical device 20 spatially can also be divided into one and send the imaging optical device of light LS and the imaging optical device of a reflected light LR.
A kind of like this embodiment is shown in Figure 2, and the light LS that is produced by light source according to Fig. 2 departs from 0 ° but less than cirtical angle of total reflection θ with one
gIncident angle θ irradiation.Under meaning of the present invention, be significantly less than cirtical angle of total reflection θ
gBe such incident angle θ, reflection potential only has weak dependence with incident angle θ when this incident angle.This refers in particular to incident angle θ in practice less than θ
g/ 2 situation is preferably less than θ
g/ 3.Described in front situation is promptly at n
K=1.45 and n
M=1.34 and cirtical angle of total reflection θ
gWhen being 67 °, incident angle θ＜33 ° or θ＜22 °.Proved that in the embodiment of reality it is specially suitable that incident angle is about 10 °.
Be separated from each other in the inside of the transparent body 4 based on light LS that is produced when the bigger incident angle θ and the light path of reflected light LR, thereby enter the hole in order to make the light LS that sends from optical conductor 16a delivery outlet be imaged on the interface 8 and to make reflected light LR enter into spatially the optical conductor 16b that separates with delivery outlet, can adopt the imaging optical device 20a and the 20b that equally spatially separate each other.
Claims (13)
1. one kind is used for measuring the distribution of fluid media (medium) (10) acoustic pressure, in particular for measuring the optical hydrophone of ultrasonic impact wave field or diagnostic ultrasound, its refractive index to described fluid media (medium) (10) has adopted the modulation relevant with acoustic pressure, it comprises that one is used to produce light (LS) and is used to shine a light source (2) that is positioned at the surf zone (6) on the interface (8) between an optical transparent body (4) and the described fluid media (medium) (10), wherein, this optical transparent body (4) has an insignificant refractive index of the relation with acoustic pressure, and one be used to measure described surf zone (6) and go up the optical receiver (14) of reflected light (LR) intensity as acoustic pressure tolerance, and it is characterized in that: described irradiated surf zone (6) is less than the interface (8) of formation between described optical transparent body (4) and described fluid media (medium) (10).
2. according to the described optical hydrophone of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the light of described generation (LS) with one less than the cirtical angle of total reflection (θ
g) half incident angle (θ) shines described surf zone (6).
3. according to the described optical hydrophone of claim 2, it is characterized in that: (LS LR) is provided with a light guide with the optical conductor (16a and 16b) that spatially is separated from each other for the described light of delivery.
4. according to the described optical hydrophone of claim 3, it is characterized in that: for will be imaged on that described interface (8) is gone up from the light (LS) of described optical conductor (16a) output and for make reflected light (LR) enter another optical conductor (16b) be provided with the imaging optical device that spatially is separated from each other (20a, 20b).
5. according to the described optical hydrophone of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the light of described generation (LS) is at least near vertically shining described surf zone (6).
6. according to the described optical hydrophone of claim 5, it is characterized in that: described irradiated surf zone (6) is at least near disc.
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described optical hydrophone, it is characterized in that: arrive described optical receiver (14) for light (LS) delivery that described light source (2) is produced to described optical transparent body (4) with reflected light (LR) delivery, be provided with a light guide (16).
8. according to the described optical hydrophone of claim 7, it is characterized in that: described light guide (16) has a delivery outlet (22), the light (LS) that is produced by described light source (2) injects to described optical transparent body (4) from this delivery outlet, and this delivery outlet is the hole that enters of described reflected light (LR) simultaneously.
9. according to the described optical hydrophone of claim 8, it is characterized in that: described light guide has a YXing Ouheqi (18).
10. according to each described optical hydrophone in the claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that: this optical hydrophone also comprise an imaging optical device that is used for focusing on described surf zone (6) by the light (LS) of described delivery outlet (22) output (20,20a).
11., it is characterized in that according to the described optical hydrophone of claim 10: described imaging optical device (20,20a) described delivery outlet (22) is projected on the described interface (8).
12. according to each described optical hydrophone in the claim 1 to 11, it is characterized in that: the interface (8) of described optical transparent body (4) is flat.
13. according to each described optical hydrophone in the claim 1 to 12, it is characterized in that: the light path of the light (LS) that described optical transparent body (4) can be propagated to described interface (8) with respect to portion within it changes ground, position and is provided with.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10256077.3 | 2002-11-29 | ||
| DE10256077 | 2002-11-29 | ||
| DE10335988.5 | 2003-08-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1714282A true CN1714282A (en) | 2005-12-28 |
| CN100472191C CN100472191C (en) | 2009-03-25 |
Family
ID=32318865
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003801038186A Expired - Fee Related CN100472191C (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2003-10-07 | Optical hydrophone for a shock-wave field with long service life |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100472191C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10335988A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101940004A (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2011-01-05 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Optical ultrasonic microphone |
| CN105444940A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-30 | 清华大学 | Micro-force value measurement method |
| CN110346030A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-10-18 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of all-optical network hydrophone |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006033229B4 (en) | 2006-07-18 | 2013-05-08 | Ezono Ag | Ultrasonic probe and method for the optical detection of ultrasonic waves |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3611277A (en) * | 1969-04-30 | 1971-10-05 | Us Navy | Sensitive hydrophone |
| DE58907786D1 (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1994-07-07 | Siemens Ag | Optical measuring arrangement for the detection of cavitation bubbles in liquids. |
| DE4400674C2 (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1995-10-26 | Siemens Ag | Photoacoustic sensor |
| DE19708806C1 (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 1998-09-03 | Technologie In Medizin Und Ges | Fibre=optic hydrophone-probe for measuring pressure amplitudes in liquid medium |
-
2003
- 2003-08-01 DE DE10335988A patent/DE10335988A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-10-07 DE DE50310263T patent/DE50310263D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-07 CN CNB2003801038186A patent/CN100472191C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101940004A (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2011-01-05 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Optical ultrasonic microphone |
| CN105444940A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-30 | 清华大学 | Micro-force value measurement method |
| CN105444940B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2018-04-10 | 清华大学 | A kind of measuring method of small force value |
| CN110346030A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-10-18 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of all-optical network hydrophone |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50310263D1 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
| CN100472191C (en) | 2009-03-25 |
| DE10335988A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
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