CN1714224A - 复合刀具衬片 - Google Patents

复合刀具衬片 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1714224A
CN1714224A CNA038256363A CN03825636A CN1714224A CN 1714224 A CN1714224 A CN 1714224A CN A038256363 A CNA038256363 A CN A038256363A CN 03825636 A CN03825636 A CN 03825636A CN 1714224 A CN1714224 A CN 1714224A
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Prior art keywords
tool insert
cutting edge
basic unit
support ring
topping
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CN100396878C (zh
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K·汤克
R·A·查普曼
R·D·阿基利斯
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No Six Element Trademark Co
South African (holding) Co Six
Element Six Abrasives SA
Element Six Production Pty Ltd
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Element Six Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
    • E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
    • E21B10/5676—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts having a cutting face with different segments, e.g. mosaic-type inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
    • E21B29/06—Cutting windows, e.g. directional window cutters for whipstock operations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

一种刀具衬片包括具有支撑面的基层(10)和从支撑面侧向延伸出的支撑环，所述支撑环的尺寸设置成在其边界内限定出凹进部分(14)和环绕其外周边限定出搁架。极硬磨料层(12)被置于所述凹进部分中并与基层和支撑环(16)相结合，从而为所述刀具衬片提供了主切割刃(22)。保护层(18)与围绕支撑环的所述搁架相结合以保护所述主切割刃。该保护层为该刀具衬片提供了次切割刃(20)，保护层的厚度被选择为在切割、铣或钻孔通过第一物质时充分保护所述主切割刃，而在遇到第二物质时使该主切割刃暴露出来。

Description

复合刀具衬片
技术领域
本发明涉及一种刀具衬片(tool insert)。
背景技术
在本领域中利用钻石压制块，也称为PCD作为切割元件是公知的，并且该钻石压制块被广泛地用于各种切割、钻孔、铣和其它的研磨操作中，这是因为钻石切割刀具具有高耐磨性。但是钻石切割刀具并不总是适合所有遇到的基层。如已知钻石刀具不能令人满意地用于铣或钻透含铁的基层，例如钢。其结果是在沿孔向下钻探的操作中，当需要铣透一个用来内衬于垂直钻孔或竖井的钢套筒时，使用钻石刀具是不合适的。
由于与含铁材料的相互作用，PCD不适合用于钻透钢套筒，需要一种钻头衬片来替代。因此通常将碳化钨切割刀用在钻头中以铣透钢套筒。一旦透过钢套筒，为了钻进岩床，碳化钨衬片需要被耐磨的切割刀，例如钻石切割刀所替换。这意味着要将钻头去除并换上合适的钻头。由于要被去除的钻柱很长，操作起来很耗时，其结果就是花掉许多时间。
发明内容
根据本发明，一种刀具衬片包括：
有支撑面的基层和从支撑面侧向延伸出来的支撑环，所述支撑环的尺寸设置成在其边界内限定出凹进部分和环绕其外周边限定出搁架；
极硬磨料层，被置于所述凹进部分中并与基层和支撑环相结合(bond)，所述极硬磨料层有顶表面，该顶表面的周边的一部分为所述刀具衬片提供了主切割刃；并且
保护层，与围绕支撑环的所述搁架相结合以保护所述主切割刃，保护层的周边为该刀具衬片提供了次切割刃，保护层的厚度被这样选择：在切割、铣或钻孔通过第一物质时足以保护所述主切割刃，而在遇到第二物质时使该主切割刃暴露出来。
附图说明
现在参照附图举例详细说明本发明，在附图中：
图1是本发明的刀具衬片的一具体实施例的侧剖面图；
图2是图1中刀具衬片的平面图；
图3是在地下钻岩操作中的旋转钻头的示意侧剖面图。
具体实施方式
参照附图中的图1和图2，本发明具体刀具衬片的实施例如图所示。该刀具衬片包括：碳化钨基层10；PCD层12，放置在凹进部分14中，而且被从支撑面17侧向延伸出来的碳化钨环状部分或圆环16所围绕；以及围绕圆环16的保护层或保护圈18。
保护环18可以由与碳化钨基层10不同级的碳化钨制成，也可以由工具钢或其它合适的材料制成。材料的选择取决于在暴露PCD层12之前待铣、钻或切割的物质或基层。保护环18可就地形成，或作为安装到刀具衬片上的独立的环状部件制成。可利用铜焊、压配合、烧嵌或其它方便的方法将保护环18结合到已经被机加工而接纳所述圆环的刀具衬片上。
保护环18包括切入第一物质或基层的切割刃20，所述第一物质或基层例如为在地下钻探操作中使用的钢套筒或衬层。所述PCD层12包括切入诸如岩床的第二物质或基层的切割刃22。在这样的布置下，基层10和圆环16的碳化钨的选择是根据在形成PCD层12的过程中的特性，而保护环18的选择是为了优化钻、铣或切入相关的第一物质或基层。尽管碳化钨圆环16可用作PCD层12的切割刃22的另外的保护层，而它的主要功能是在传统的高压/高温处理中对PCD层12的形成进行优化。
为了方便，将针对该刀具衬片在地下岩床中沿钻孔方向的使用来描述该刀具衬片的用途。然而应该明白，所述刀具衬片可以用于任何应用场合，在这些应用中，不适于用PCD切割刃切割、钻或铣的第一物质或基层要被切割、钻或铣以暴露出适合使用PCD切割刃的第二物质或基层。
参见图3，钻头组件30包括旋转钻柱32和在此情况下的刮刀钻头的旋转钻头34。
所述钻头34被沿着管状钢套筒38中的通道36向下引导。该钢套筒38被锚定在钻进地下岩床42的凿孔或竖井40中。
为了使旋转钻头34在岩床42上“X”所指示的地区内钻出水平或带有角度的孔，需要再引导钻头34从垂直方向的运动沿着箭头44转变成水平方向或有角度方向的运动。转向器46被连接到套筒38，并被事先放置在与区域“X”相邻的地方，这样该转向器使钻头34改变方向。转向器46由锚定转向器48所支撑。
为了钻入套筒38，传统上使用典型的碳化钨硬质合金刀具。一旦窗口50在套筒38上被铣透，钻头34就被撤出，而由具有诸如PCD刀的耐磨刀的钻头所替代。通过使用本发明的刀具衬片或刀，可以避免这种耗时的操作。所述保护层或环18被用于铣透套筒38，当该保护环和支撑环16被迅速磨掉后，适于钻入地下岩床的PCD层的切割刃22就会暴露出来。
虽然在第二基体需要的情况下，极硬磨料层可以是PCBN，但该极硬磨料层通常是PCD层。该极硬磨料层也可以是通过化学气相沉积制成的钻石层，被称作CVD钻石层。
所述刀具衬片的基层通常是一种硬质合金基层。这样的基层在本领域中是公知的，而且通常是碳化钨硬质合金基层。
如果可达到所预期的目的，即通过第一基层铣出窗口时保护PCD或PCBN层的主切割刃，并且一旦与第二基层相遇时暴露出PCD或PCBN主切割刃，则所述刀具衬片的结构可以在不同的应用场合中加以合适地修改或改造。

Claims (6)

1.一种刀具衬片，包括：
具有支撑面的基层和从支撑面侧向延伸出来的支撑环，所述支撑环的尺寸设置成在其边界内限定出凹进部分和环绕其外周边的搁架；
极硬磨料层，被置于所述凹进部分中并与基层和支撑环相结合，所述极硬磨料层有顶表面，该顶表面的周边的一部分为所述刀具衬片提供了主切割刃；以及
保护层，与围绕支撑环的所述搁架相结合以保护所述主切割刃，保护层的周边为该刀具衬片提供了次切割刃，保护层的厚度被这样选择：在切割、铣或钻入第一物质时足以保护所述主切割刃，而在遇到第二物质时使该主切割刃暴露出来。
2.如权利要求1所述的刀具衬片，其特征在于，所述支撑环与基层一体形成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的刀具衬片，其特征在于，所述基层是碳化钨基层。
4.如权利要求3所述的刀具衬片，其特征在于，所述保护层是由与基层不同级的碳化钨制成、或是由工具钢、或是另外合适的取决于所要铣的第一物质的材料制成。
5.如前述任一权利要求所述的刀具衬片，其特征在于，所述保护层是在刀具衬片的制成期间就地形成的。
6.如前述任一权利要求所述的刀具衬片，其特征在于，所述保护层形成为一独立的环状部件，该环状部件与基层的支撑面的搁架部分相结合。
CNB038256363A 2002-10-30 2003-09-12 复合刀具衬片 Expired - Lifetime CN100396878C (zh)

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CN103459753A (zh) * 2010-08-24 2013-12-18 瓦瑞尔欧洲联合股份公司 具有翼部的pcd切割器
CN103890306A (zh) * 2011-09-16 2014-06-25 贝克休斯公司 用于钻地工具的切削元件、包括这种切削元件的钻地工具及其相关方法
US9175521B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2015-11-03 Varel Europe S.A.S. Functionally leached PCD cutter and method for fabricating the same
US9428966B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2016-08-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Cutting elements for earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements, and related methods
US9650837B2 (en) 2011-04-22 2017-05-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Multi-chamfer cutting elements having a shaped cutting face and earth-boring tools including such cutting elements
US9821437B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2017-11-21 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring tools having cutting elements with cutting faces exhibiting multiple coefficients of friction, and related methods
US10006253B2 (en) 2010-04-23 2018-06-26 Baker Hughes Incorporated Cutting elements for earth-boring tools and earth-boring tools including such cutting elements
US10337255B2 (en) 2011-04-22 2019-07-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Cutting elements for earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements, and related methods
CN112122769A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2020-12-25 昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司 一种修磨器、修磨装置及搅拌摩擦焊接系统

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US8807247B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2014-08-19 Baker Hughes Incorporated Cutting elements for earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements, and methods of forming such cutting elements for earth-boring tools

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US10006253B2 (en) 2010-04-23 2018-06-26 Baker Hughes Incorporated Cutting elements for earth-boring tools and earth-boring tools including such cutting elements
CN103459753A (zh) * 2010-08-24 2013-12-18 瓦瑞尔欧洲联合股份公司 具有翼部的pcd切割器
US9175521B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2015-11-03 Varel Europe S.A.S. Functionally leached PCD cutter and method for fabricating the same
CN103459753B (zh) * 2010-08-24 2016-04-06 瓦瑞尔欧洲联合股份公司 具有翼部的pcd切割器
US10337255B2 (en) 2011-04-22 2019-07-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Cutting elements for earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements, and related methods
US9650837B2 (en) 2011-04-22 2017-05-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Multi-chamfer cutting elements having a shaped cutting face and earth-boring tools including such cutting elements
US10428591B2 (en) 2011-04-22 2019-10-01 Baker Hughes Incorporated Structures for drilling a subterranean formation
US10428590B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2019-10-01 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Cutting elements for earth-boring tools and earth-boring tools including such cutting elements
US9617792B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2017-04-11 Baker Hughes Incorporated Cutting elements for earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements and related methods
US9376867B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2016-06-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of drilling a subterranean bore hole
CN103890306A (zh) * 2011-09-16 2014-06-25 贝克休斯公司 用于钻地工具的切削元件、包括这种切削元件的钻地工具及其相关方法
US10385623B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2019-08-20 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Cutting elements for earth-boring tools and earth-boring tools including such cutting elements
US9482057B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2016-11-01 Baker Hughes Incorporated Cutting elements for earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements and related methods
US9821437B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2017-11-21 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring tools having cutting elements with cutting faces exhibiting multiple coefficients of friction, and related methods
US10066442B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2018-09-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Cutting elements for earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements, and related methods
US9428966B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2016-08-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Cutting elements for earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements, and related methods
US11229989B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2022-01-25 Baker Hughes Holdings Llc Methods of forming cutting elements with cutting faces exhibiting multiple coefficients of friction, and related methods
CN112122769A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2020-12-25 昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司 一种修磨器、修磨装置及搅拌摩擦焊接系统

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US20060099895A1 (en) 2006-05-11
US7594553B2 (en) 2009-09-29
DE60335415D1 (de) 2011-01-27
WO2004040096A1 (en) 2004-05-13
CA2504523C (en) 2011-03-01
EP1579103A1 (en) 2005-09-28
ATE491858T1 (de) 2011-01-15
EP1579103B1 (en) 2010-12-15
CA2504523A1 (en) 2004-05-13
CN100396878C (zh) 2008-06-25
AU2003260823A1 (en) 2004-05-25

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