CN1703577A - 降低发动机进气系统的排放的含碳成型圆筒 - Google Patents

降低发动机进气系统的排放的含碳成型圆筒 Download PDF

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CN1703577A
CN1703577A CN200380101004.9A CN200380101004A CN1703577A CN 1703577 A CN1703577 A CN 1703577A CN 200380101004 A CN200380101004 A CN 200380101004A CN 1703577 A CN1703577 A CN 1703577A
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moulded products
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M·F·尚茨
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Abstract

在本文中描述并请求专利权保护的发明主题被描述为一种蒸汽容纳制品，其用于将构成该部件器壁的材料添加到管道或AIS管道的内壁中，其部件优选进行成型，以与所述管道的形状相适应。圆筒部件的内部保持畅通，允许空气无阻碍地通过该制品，而压降较小。

Description

降低发动机进气系统的排放的含碳成型圆筒
本申请要求2002年10月8日提交的美国临时申请60/416974的权益。
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及一种降低来自汽车挥发控制系统的排放的方法，该方法通过使用吸收罐从流体流中除去挥发性有机化合物及其它化学试剂。具体地说，本发明涉及气体吸收材料在燃烧烃燃料的发动机中的应用。更具体地说，本发明涉及使用气体吸收材料从汽车进气系统(AIS)中除去挥发性有机化合物。
2.相关技术的描述(包括根据37CFR1.97和37CFR1.98公开的信息)
车辆燃料系统的汽油挥发是烃空气污染的一个主要潜在来源。汽车工业被迫对发动机的部件和系统进行设计，以尽可能保住仅美国每年从车辆燃料系统所挥发的近十亿加仑的汽油。控制汽车挥发物排放的严格法规要求汽车制造商采取措施，控制通过发动机进气系统(AIS)的烃损耗。烃源包括发动机关闭序列中所喷射的未燃烧的燃料，燃料喷射器的泄漏，曲轴箱气体的窜漏，溶解于发动机机油中的燃料以及其它。烃逸出而进入外界环境的途径包括从发动机部件通过空气管传播并自然对流进入大气，以及通过发动机及管道部件的泄漏。汽车制造商正在寻求低成本的汽车排放控制方法，该方法不会显著地影响发动机的性能。虽然在降低从发动机中逸出而进入环境的烃量上取得了进展，但对于一些车辆来说这仍然是一个相当大的污染源，仍需要加以控制。
控制发动机挥发物排放的一般原理包括：(1)当发动机停止时采用诸如活性碳或沸石的吸附剂来吸附烃，防止大多数的烃穿透吸附剂逸出，并在发动机运转时通过发动机气体吹扫使烃解吸而在发动机中燃烧，和(2)通过管道的几何形状来降低烃的逸出速率。
现有的吸附技术包括：(1)具有蜂窝孔的活性碳，(2)具有蜂窝孔的沸石，(3)包含褶皱薄层的活性碳，(4)包含片板的活性碳以及其它。这些技术对捕获和吹扫烃都有较好的效果，但都会在AIS中产生相当大的额外压降，使发动机需要作更多的功，以便达到相同的空气通过量。增加的压降导致发动机马力下降，因为增大了气体通过AIS所需的工作负荷。在通常条件下，蜂窝孔使压降增加最高达4”水柱(w.c.)或更多。片板型过滤器能增加0.5”w.c.或更多的压力损失。本发明公开了一种手段，其能有效捕获和吹扫烃同时在AIS中产生显著更小的压降。
发明简述
在本文中描述并请求专利权保护的发明主题被描述为一种蒸汽容纳制品，其用于将构成蒸汽容纳制品器壁的材料添加到管道或AIS部件(例如共鸣器，空气罩等)或AIS管道的内壁中，其部件优选进行成型，以与所述管道的形状相适应。圆筒部件的内部保持开放，允许空气无阻碍地通过该制品，而使压降增加为较小(1”w.c.)至没有。该制品由吸附材料部件和支持部件构成。
吸附剂覆盖了管道或进气系统部件的内部，而管道本身即为支持部件。该吸附材料还能够作为沿着管道的分隔物，而不会显著增加压力损失。
附图简述
图1a是本发明一个实施方案的透视图。
图1b是本发明一个实施方案的透视图。
图1c是本发明一个实施方案的透视图。
图1d是本发明一个实施方案的透视图。
图2表示用于量化本发明的容纳蒸汽的中空的排放控制部件的排放的测试装置。
图3是表示本发明部件的直径与长度之比与其排放控制性能之间的相关性的图表。
图4表示用于量化本发明的吸收蒸汽的刚性中空圆筒和柔性吸收片材的排放的测试装置。
图5表示采用图4所示测试装置对于2.25”I.D.×5”L的刚性和柔性片吸收圆筒所产生的预期排放的图表。
优选实施方案的描述
本发明的好处来源于对在低压降构造中有效控制扩散和对流性挥发物排放所必须的内径相对于长度的常规要求的理解。本发明的好处还来源于本发明的设计思路，即通过使气体通过成型制品的一侧或两侧，以及通过控制吸附材料的床厚度来升高或降低吹扫速率。
本发明的部件可采用多种形式，这取决于应用的性质和部件所需的容量或效率。在一个优选实施方案中，该部件为(例如，活性碳或沸石和陶瓷，以及活性碳或沸石和塑料)挤压或形成的开放圆筒(图1a)。
在另一个优选实施方案中，该部件为开放圆筒，其通过将含碳片材(含碳的布或纸)卷绕成圆筒而形成，并且其一端或两端可能由塑料，橡胶，金属或泡沫支撑物来支持(图1b)。
在又一个优选实施方案中，该部件由褶皱的开放圆筒构成，其一端或两端可能由塑料，橡胶，金属或泡沫支撑物来支持(图1c)。所述褶皱材料由含碳的布或纸构成。如果褶皱的开放圆筒具有端部支撑物，则可以包括使空气从中由圆筒的外表面通过的通道以增加吹扫能力。
在再一个优选实施方案中，该部件为波浪状和柔性的，使其能够与柔性或非直(包括带角度的或弯曲的)管道部分(图1d)相适应。筛、栅栏或肋材可加于其内表面，用于在吹扫过程中沿该表面产生轻微的局部涡流，以便辅助吹扫作用。涂覆管道或AIS部件的可能方式包括将碳直接粘附在管道内或以含碳的布或纸为衬层。在包括布或纸的上述任一实施方案中，纸包括天然纤维和合成纤维，包括但不限于聚丙烯，尼龙和聚乙烯。该含□部件可由5～95％(优选10～90％)和95～5％(优选90～10％)的支持材料构成。
该新型系统吸收烃的效率取决于该部件或涂层的内径与长度之比，其又和吸附材料与支持材料之比或吸附材料总质量与支持材料总质量之比相关。已经进行了一些测试来导出主要的关系。被测的本发明装置的吸附效率与从气体/蒸汽相到碳表面的传质速率相关。本发明的部件必须具有合适长度(对于给定的直径)以便吸附目标量的烃。
实施例1
制造若干外径为3英寸的碳和陶瓷的开放圆筒，其具有3种不同内径：(1)2.5英寸，(2)2英寸，和(3)1英寸，每一个的长度为1英寸和2英寸。将这些圆筒分别封闭在一个闭合圆筒内(见图2)，以使圆筒的一侧/一端的汽油负荷为300mg/d，在该碳圆筒另一侧/另一端进行排放测量。碳圆筒的评价数据通过在3天中对排放的追踪来采集。数据见表1。
                                      表1
  圆筒外径(英寸)   圆筒内径(英寸)   圆筒长度(英寸)   直径与长度之比   1天负荷(mg)   1天排放(mg)   2天负荷(mg)   2天排放(mg)   3天负荷(mg)   3天排放(mg)
  空白   空白   空白   空白   324   375   312   288   272   313
  3   1   1   1   374   1.7   266   8.2   315   12.8
  3   2   1   2   306   14.2   332   34.5   329   53.2
  3   2.5   1   2.5   344   29.5   335   77.8   325   103.7
  3   1   2   0.5   337   3.3   327   4.8   313   7.8
  3   2   2   1   322   3.3   322   6.8   331   12.7
  3   2.5   2   1.25   327   8.5   313   23.3   322   35.7
  3   1   2   0.5   334   0   317   0.2   324   0
  3   2   2   1   312   0.17   317   0.2   292   0.8
  3   2.5   2   1.25   333   6.2   324   10.5   314   23.8
确定第3天的排放和圆筒内径与长度之比的相关关系，并显示在图3中。当内径与长度之比下降时，扩散通过该部件的烃量下降。
实施例2
制备含碳纸质圆筒(纸基重为270磅纤维/3000平方英尺，135磅活性碳/3000平方英尺，用聚丙烯和乳胶作粘结剂)和刚性含碳圆筒(80％碳)(形成2.25”I.D.，长度为5”L的圆筒)，并测试其工作性能。在预调节步骤中，将每一圆筒都反复(3个周期)暴露于45mg/min负荷的汽油，以便具有30mg的穿透，并在300scfm下进行吹扫30分钟，然后将其放入图2所示的测试装置中。该测试装置置于环境室中，进行从65到105到65的24小时温度周期。对每一个圆筒都进行15克的汽油喷射，并监控3天的排放情况。各种类型圆筒的比较结果见表II。
表II
  采集的排放样本(mg)   空白   中空圆筒   纸质圆筒
  第1天   123   20   25
  第2天   93.3   34   29
  第3天   66   36   20
表II的数据用柱形图表示在图5中。
中空圆筒和纸质圆筒都显示出显著降低排放的能力。
虽然参考本发明的具体实施方案对本发明进行了以上描述，但是对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，不背离这里公开的本发明构思的基本原则，可以对所述的发明细节作细小的改变、修改和变化，包括多种显而易见的替换，例如替换pH调节用的酸和/或碱。然而，本发明的主题在如下权利要求的范围中。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于通过吸附来自通过进气系统的流体流的排放而降低来自汽车进气系统的烃排放的成型制品，所述成型制品包括支持部件和吸附部件，其中所述成型制品使流体相对畅通地通过该成型制品。
2.如权利要求1所述的成型制品，其中所述支持部件选自聚合物、树脂和纤维。
3.如权利要求2所述的成型制品，其中所述纤维部件为选自合成纤维和天然纤维的纤维。
4.如权利要求1所述的成型制品，其还包括一种粘合材料。
5.如权利要求1所述的成型制品，其中所述吸附部件为选自活性碳、硅胶和沸石的材料。
6.通过用由粘合剂部件和吸附剂部件形成的材料涂覆汽车进气系统和相关管道而构成的成型制品，所述成型制品用于通过吸附来自通过进气系统的流体流的排放而降低来自汽车进气系统的烃排放，其中所述成型制品使流体相对畅通地通过该成型制品，产生低于1”水柱的压降。
CN200380101004.9A 2002-10-08 2003-10-08 降低发动机进气系统的排放的含碳成型圆筒 Pending CN1703577A (zh)

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