CN1700035A - Wave beam forming system applied for linear array under super broad band signal excitation - Google Patents
Wave beam forming system applied for linear array under super broad band signal excitation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a beam forming system which is used in the excitation of wide band signal. The beam forming system adopts impulse excitation linear array to adjust orientating resolution by disposing each linear array unit's non-equal exciting current level, phase and relative position of linear array unit's non-equal distance. It isn't suit for traditional beam form which is based on strip signal. When each linear array unit has symmetrical distribution about linear array centre location; it adopts the excitation pattern of progressive maximum from centre to edge. Beam forming system compresses major lap and educes minor flap level so that it makes linear array's space energy radiating characteristic more tending to perfect deltafunction and improves beam forming capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a beam forming system of a linear array applied to ultra-wideband signal excitation, which is realized by the beam forming system of the linear array under the ultra-wideband signal excitation in a radar system and is used for high-resolution multi-target positioning.
Background
Ultra-wideband (UWB) radar can provide more features of a target and is becoming an increasingly important detection means in the application fields of civilian use, environmental use, national defense, and the like. Such as subsurface target detection, ice layer detection, detection and identification of spatial targets (stealth targets), anti-terrorist air defense radar meshes, and medical imaging. One development of this radar system is to use array antenna technology and utilize beam forming to improve the azimuth resolution of the system and the system transmitting power. However, UWB/impulse radar processing from transmitted and received signals is based on transient electromagnetic characteristics, and the theory and algorithm of narrowband radar beam forming cannot be used for analysis of ultra-wideband array antennas. In view of the fact that linear arrays are more commonly used in UWB radar systems, beam forming of linear arrays is considered below.
For an N-bit line array, if the spacing of the array elements is equal to d, the array factor function is expressed as <math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mi>Σ</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>jk</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>id</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mi>θ</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math> IiThe excitation current of the ith array element is shown, j represents an imaginary number unit, k is 2 pi/lambda represents wave number, lambda represents the wavelength of an excitation signal, and theta represents the included angle between a ray formed by the phase center of the linear array and a certain point in space and the axial direction of the linear array. When the excitation signal is a narrow band signalWhen the signal is received, a desired directional diagram can be obtained by adjusting the array element spacing and the amplitude and the phase of the exciting current on each array element. The azimuth resolution of the linear array under the excitation of the narrow-band signal is delta-R-thetaBR represents the distance between the linear array and the target, thetaBWhere a λ/D denotes the beam width of the line, a being a constant related to the line weight or current on the array, λ being the wavelength and D being the line length. It can be seen that: the azimuth resolution is frequency dependent. When the bandwidth of the excitation signal is gradually increased, the linear array directional diagram is changed along with the frequency for the determined array element spacing and the excitation current amplitude. Different frequency components correspond to different beam widths, the beam width corresponding to the high frequency component is narrow, and the beam width corresponding to the low frequency component is wide. And the ultra-wideband signal is a signal with the relative bandwidth eta larger than or equal to 25%. Therefore, the monochromatic directional diagram loses significance for the linear array excited by the ultra-wideband signal.
For a certain linear array, under the excitation of an ultra-wideband signal, the ultra-wideband signal is equivalent to that the ultra-wideband signal passes through a spatial domain dispersion system, and the relative phase of each frequency component is not kept unchanged at different spatial angles theta, so that the received time domain signal is distorted, and the relationship between the signal form and the radiation energy and the spatial angles theta becomes fuzzy. The spatial resolution of the linear array is different from the resolution representation under excitation of the narrowband signal.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to fully exert the respective advantages of the ultra-wideband signal and the array processing technology, the invention provides a novel implementation mode of an ultra-wideband linear array antenna aiming at the defects in the prior art, provides a beam forming system of a linear array under the excitation of the ultra-wideband signal, greatly improves the azimuth resolution of a linear array, reduces the side lobe of the array antenna and meets the requirement of high-resolution multi-target positioning.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: beam forming system for linear array under ultra-wideband signal excitation, the beam forming systemThe forming system adopts impulse to excite a linear array, and adjusts the beam forming system of the azimuth resolution by configuring the non-equal amplitude excitation current amplitude and phase of each array element of the linear array and the non-equidistant relative position between the array elements, namely the ultra-wideband non-equal interval non-equal amplitude excitation linear array beam forming system. The radiation characteristic of the linear array under the excitation of the ultra-wideband impulse signal is analyzed; the beam forming mechanism of this signal regime is discussed. Setting the excitation signal of the linear array as an ultra-wideband signal si(t) with a frequency spectrum S (j ω), the line radiation pattern variation with frequency can be represented by an unnormalized pattern, i.e. a pattern with a frequency spectrum S (j ω) that is not normalized <math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>|</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>jω</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <munderover> <mi>Σ</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <msub> <mi>ωx</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math> ω denotes angular frequency, XnIndicating the spatial position (i.e. lateral position), theta, of the nth array element0Represents a spatial angle, c is 3 × 108m/s represents the speed of light. For a particular spatial angle theta0Signal si(t) radiation in this direction is equivalent to passing through a filter <math> <mrow> <mi>H</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>jω</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mi>Σ</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>jω</mi> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mfrac> <msub> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <mi>θ</mi> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mi>c</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math> The time domain is equivalent to the superposition of multiple delays of the signal,namely: <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mi>Σ</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <mi>θ</mi> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mi>c</mi> </mfrac> <mo>·</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> </mrow> </math> the method for improving the azimuth resolution and the low sidelobe by using the non-equidistant non-constant amplitude excitation linear array to replace the equidistant constant amplitude excitation linear array is adopted, so that the realization of a beam forming system under the excitation of broadband signals is realized. The spacing of the elements and the amplitude, phase of the excitation current of each element can be obtained by solving an optimization problem, i.e.
Wherein, <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>a</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <munderover> <mi>Σ</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </math> representing the spacing, theta, of equally spaced linear arrays of equal length to unequally spaced linear arraysHEDenotes the half power lobe width, diThe spatial position (i.e. the transverse position) of the ith array element of the non-equidistant linear array is shown.
The invention has the advantages that the azimuth resolution of the beam forming system can be improved, thereby improving the precision of multi-target positioning. The system is realized only by adjusting the amplitude of the exciting current of each array element and the interval of the array elements, and is easy to realize.
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The invention will be better understood by reference to the following description of embodiments in the drawings, in which six-element arrays are used as examples, but the technique is not limited to six-element arrays, but is applicable to any number of linear arrays.
Fig. 1 shows an equi-spaced equi-amplitude excitation linear array;
figure 2 shows the spatial radiation characteristics of the linear array shown in figure 1;
figure 3 shows the energy pattern of the linear array of figure 1;
figure 4 shows linear arrays of equal length to figure 1 but with unequal array element spacing;
figure 5 shows the spatial radiation characteristics of the linear array shown in figure 4;
figure 6 shows the energy pattern of the linear array of figure 4;
fig. 7 shows a linear array which is as long as fig. 1, but has different excitation current amplitudes of the array elements;
figure 8 shows the spatial radiation characteristics of the linear array of figure 7;
figure 9 shows the energy pattern of the linear array of figure 7;
fig. 10 shows an embodiment with a length L of 29 λ0A hexabasic linear array (ultra wide band non-equidistant non-equal amplitude excitation);
figure 11 shows the spatial radiation characteristics of the linear array of figure 10;
figure 12 shows the energy pattern of the linear array of figure 10;
FIG. 13 is the optimal configuration of the linear array of odd array elements
FIG. 14 is the optimum configuration of the linear array of even array elements
For the convenience of analysis, each array element of the array beam forming system is considered as an ideal condition, no mutual coupling exists between the array elements, and the broadband excitation signals excite the array elements simultaneously. FIG. 1 shows a hexabasic array excited at equal intervals and equal amplitudes, the excitation signal being taken as a single periodic wave
Center frequency of f 02 GHz. Array element interval is 4 lambda0Wherein λ is0Which represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the excitation signal. The linear array is a side-emitting array. Under the excitation of narrow-band signals, when the spacing d of the array elements is larger than or equal to lambda, the grating lobes enter a visible space, and the directivity coefficient is sharply reduced. FIG. 2 shows si(t) exciting the spatial radiation characteristic of the linear array of figure 1 with the abscissa representing time and the ordinate representing orientation. The angle theta represents the angle of the spatial radiation direction from the perpendicular bisector of the linear array. As can be seen from fig. 2, when θ is 0, the array elements in the left half and the right half of the linear array are symmetrically distributed with respect to the perpendicular bisector, so that the received signals are in-phase superposition of the original transmission signals, and the amplitude is strongest at this time. As the angle θ increases, the spatial radiation characteristic also changes. The signals transmitted by each array element are not kept in phase any more, and the time of reaching the space receiving point is different. When theta is 90 degrees, each array is arranged at the momentThe element's transmitted signal has the greatest relative time delay and the worst spatial radiation characteristics. Fig. 3 shows the energy radiation characteristic corresponding to fig. 2, where the energy of the received signal for each angle θ changes with the change of θ, and is distributed symmetrically with respect to θ. As can be seen from fig. 3: the linear array has the advantages of large energy radiation characteristic main lobe width and high side lobe level. In order to improve the performance of the linear array as a beam forming system, that is, to improve the azimuth resolution of the linear array, specifically, to narrow the width of a main lobe and reduce the level of a side lobe. FIG. 4 shows the same length as FIG. 1 but with unequal spacing of the array elements, the array elements being symmetrically disposed about the center of the array elements, the spacing of each array element being (5 λ) respectively0，4λ0，2λ0，4λ0，5λ0) The length of the bus array is still 20 lambda0. Fig. 5 and 6 show the spatial radiation characteristic and the energy pattern of the linear array, respectively. Compared with the equal-length equal-pitch linear array, the non-equal-pitch linear array has the advantages that the space interference area is larger, the side lobe level is lower, and the half-energy lobe width is not changed. In fact, the critical angle of interference θIRSatisfy min (d)i)×cosθIR＝λ0. For equally spaced linear arrays, when <math> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>arccos</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mi>d</mi> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math> Meanwhile, the far-zone radiation signals of each array element start to interfere simultaneously; for non-equidistant linear array, the distance between the two linear arrays is not less than the maximum distance between the two linear arrays <math> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>arccos</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mi>min</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math> When there is already a pulse to start generating interference. The energy directional diagram compresses the space radiation characteristic of the linear arrays in the time dimension, and cannot reflect the transient characteristic of a signal received at a certain point in the space, so that the half-energy lobe width of the linear arrays with equal length is kept unchanged. Figure 7 shows a linear array of the same configuration as in figure 1, but with the elements no longer of equal amplitude etcPhase excitation, each array element exciting current amplitude is respectively
Fig. 8 and 9 show the spatial radiation characteristic and the energy pattern of the non-constant amplitude excitation linear array of fig. 7. Compared with the constant-amplitude excitation linear array, the relative radiation energy of the linear array in the non-interference region is increased; the main lobe is widened and the level of the side lobe is improved by the tapered distributed excitation mode, and the level of the side lobe is reduced by compressing the main lobe by the excitation mode which is increased from the center to the edge, so that the space energy radiation characteristic of the linear array is more approximate to an ideal delta function. Therefore, under the excitation of the ultra-wideband signal, in order to improve the azimuth resolution of the linear array and reduce the side lobes, the array element spacing and the amplitude weighting coefficient of each array element can be comprehensively considered.
Detailed Description
Fig. 10 shows a length L-29 λ of the present invention0The excitation signal still takes the central frequency f as the optimal configuration of the six-element linear array 02 GHz. By solving equation (1), it is possible to obtain: the optimal array element spacing and the excitation current amplitude of each array element are respectively dopt＝(1.99λ0，1.41λ0，22.2λ0，1.41λ0，1.99λ0)，Wopt(1, 0.6, 0.1, 0.1, 0.6, 1). Under the condition, the main lobe width of the linear array is the minimum, the spatial resolution of the linear array is improved, and the side lobe interference is reduced. Compared with the linear array excited at equal intervals and equal amplitude, the sidelobe level of the non-interference area is improved by 19.7%, the sidelobe level of the interference area is reduced by 41.9%, the half-energy lobe width is reduced by 27.8%, and the beam forming performance of the linear array is prompted to a greater extent.
As shown in fig. 10: the distance between the array elements 1 and 2 is equal to the distance between the array elements 5 and 6, and the distances are both 1.99 lambda0。λ0A wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the excited broadband signal. The distance between the array elements 2 and 3 is equal to the distance between the array elements 4 and 5, and the distances are both 1.41 lambda0. The distance between the array elements 3, 4 is 22.2λ0. The relative amplitude of the excitation currents of the array elements 3 and 4 is 1, the relative amplitude of the excitation currents of the array elements 2 and 5 is 0.6, and the relative amplitude of the excitation currents of the array elements 1 and 6 is 1.
Claims (7)
1. A beam forming system for linear array under ultra-wideband signal excitation is characterized in that the beam forming system adopts impulse to excite a linear array, and adjusts the azimuth resolution by configuring the non-equal amplitude excitation current amplitude and phase of each array element of the linear array and the non-equal distance relative position between the array elements, namely the ultra-wideband non-equal distance non-equal amplitude excitation linear array beam forming system.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the increasing excitation pattern of the linear arrays from center to edge compresses the main lobe and reduces the sidelobe level, thereby making the spatial energy radiation characteristics of the linear arrays more likely to be an ideal delta function.
3. A beamforming system for a linear array under excitation by ultra-wideband signals as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elements of the linear array are symmetrically distributed about the center of the linear array.
4. A beamforming system for linear array under ultra-wideband signal excitation according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the optimal configuration of the relative amplitudes of the excitation currents of the odd array element arrays is: alpha is alpha(N+1)/2＜α(N-1)/2＜…＜α3＜α2＜α1。
5. A beamforming system for linear array under ultra-wideband signal excitation according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the optimal configuration of the excitation current relative amplitudes of the even array element arrays is: alpha is alpha(N/2)+1＜α(N/2)-1＜…＜α3＜α2＜α1。
6. A beamforming system for use in a linear array under ultra-wideband signal excitation as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the spacing of the array elements and the amplitude, phase of the excitation current of each element are obtained by solving an optimisation problem, i.e.
Wherein, <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>a</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <munderover> <mi>Σ</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </math> representing the spacing, theta, of equally spaced linear arrays of equal length to unequally spaced linear arraysHEThe half power lobe width is indicated and di represents the spatial position (i.e., lateral position) of the ith array element of the non-equidistant line array.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the linear array is a beam-forming system excited by an ultra-wideband signal having a length L-29 λ0The optimal configuration of the six-element linear array is that the excitation signal takes as the center frequency f02GHz single cycle, the optimal array element spacing and the excitation current amplitude of each array element are dopt＝(1.99λ0，1.41λ0，22.2λ0，1.41λ0，1.99λ0)，wopt＝(1，0.6，0.1，0.1，0.6，1)。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101295018B (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2013-03-27 | 电子科技大学 | Design method of real beam forming machine |
| CN108254740A (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2018-07-06 | 南京理工大学 | The wave beam integrated approach of frequency diversity array radar based on non-homogeneous array element spacing |
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| JP3287538B2 (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 2002-06-04 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ | Adaptive array receiver |
| CA2255886C (en) * | 1997-06-02 | 2001-03-06 | Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. | Adaptive array antenna |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101295018B (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2013-03-27 | 电子科技大学 | Design method of real beam forming machine |
| CN108254740A (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2018-07-06 | 南京理工大学 | The wave beam integrated approach of frequency diversity array radar based on non-homogeneous array element spacing |
| CN108254740B (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2022-01-07 | 南京理工大学 | Beam synthesis method of frequency diversity array radar based on non-uniform array element spacing |
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Assignee: Radareye Technologies Co., Ltd. Assignor: Su Yi Contract fulfillment period: 2009.12.1 to 2019.12.31 contract change Contract record no.: 2010320000030 Denomination of invention: Wave beam forming system applied for linear array under super broad band signal excitation Granted publication date: 20080604 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 2010.1.26 |
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