CN1692743A - 茄科蔬菜竹醋液多效复合剂生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种茄科蔬菜竹醋液多效复合剂生产方法，由下列组分及其重量份配比而成：80－100份竹醋液原液、1－15份功能增效剂、5－8份增效辅助剂，进行普通的混配，再按50－100mL/亩的量计算称重，用该重量300－500倍重量的水稀释后喷洒叶面。本发明用于茄科蔬菜的叶面喷洒，每隔5－7天喷洒1次，整个生长期约喷4次，对茄科蔬菜的营养、抗菌、除虫、促进生长和增产效果显著，为竹醋液的实际应用提供了一个新的渠道。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种植物杀菌、驱虫、营养、生长调节剂，尤适于在茄科蔬菜中应用。
竹醋液是竹材热解过程中获得的产品，除水份外，还含有有机酸、酚类、酮类、醛类、醇类、碱性物质与杂环物质等多种成份，PH值约为3.0。经试验，竹醋液本身具有杀菌、驱虫、提高肥力、促进植物生长等多种功能，可稀释后直接应用于植物，是一种环保型的多效剂。但这种只有竹醋液一种成分的稀释剂，在杀菌、驱虫、肥力、生长促进作用还欠理想，近年许多有志于竹醋液应用的研究者，配制了许多复合型的竹醋液多效剂，公布于世，各有特色地发挥效能。如CN200410012288·0河北科技大学的“一种高效植物农药烟雾剂生产工艺”公开了以竹醋粉(液)为基础原料的农药烟雾剂生产方法；浙江林学院马建义等先生设计的“一种含竹醋液的植物营养保护剂及其制备方法”，均属于复合型剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的的是为了进一步拓展竹醋液的实际应用领域，提出一种有别于现有技术的茄科蔬菜竹醋液多效复合剂生产方法。
实现上述目的的措施是：它由下列组分及其重量份所组成：80-100份竹醋液原液、1-15份功能增效剂、5-8份增效辅助剂，进行普通的混配，按每亩50-100毫升的量称重，再按该重量的300-500倍重量的水稀释。
完善上述目的的措施是：功能增效剂包含能溶于水的抗菌素、金属盐类、杀虫剂、常用要素肥料四种之中至少一种；所说的增效辅助剂是可乐系列饮料中至少一种。
具体实施方式
本发明下面将结合实施例予以详述：上述方案中，竹醋液的重量份按未经精制的竹醋液原液定，如用精制竹醋液作原料则应按除杂比例折算后的重量份进行配比；抗菌素选用农用抗菌素来定重量份。
现将各种原料及其配比的重量份列成一览表，每纵列表示一个实施例的配比情况。其中的稀释水是配成后的复合剂按50-100mL/亩计算称量，再以该重量300-500倍的水稀释后立即喷洒叶面。
一览表中，抗生素只列举了两种作为例子，具体选用何种抗生素，以茄科蔬菜受什么菌害而定；盐类中，可用硝酸锌、硝酸银、硝酸铜、磷酸锌、硫酸铜等含锌、铜、银离子的盐类；常用要素肥除氮肥、磷肥、钾肥外，再以茄科蔬菜中具体的一种菜所需的其它肥料，如硼、铁肥等而言。既然是常用肥料，则不外乎尿素、氨水、磷酸二氢钾、过磷酸钙、硫酸亚铁等市售化肥；市售的杀虫剂种类很多，尽量选用廉价高效少污染的使用，果乐和10％的浏阳霉素乳油(稀释成乳化剂)也只是举例而已。增效辅助剂用可乐系列饮料，根据对照试验和进行相关性测定，可乐饮料的合理施入量与蕃茄等蔬菜的产量和品质呈显著的正相关。其中的增产机理尚需进一步探讨。
各组分重量份配比情况一览表
| 实施例重量份组分 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |||
| 竹醋液原液80-100份 | 94 | 92 | 95 | 100 | 80 | 85 | 98 | 90 | |||
| 功能增效剂1- 15份 | 抗菌素 | 链霉素 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 | ||||
| 土霉素 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | ||||||||
| 金属盐类 | 锌盐 | 1 | 3 | 1 | |||||||
| 铜盐 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||
| 银盐 | 1 | 4 | 1 | ||||||||
| 常用要素肥料 | 钾肥 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||
| 磷肥 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||
| 氮肥 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 8 | ||||||
| 硼肥 | 0.5 | 0.1 | |||||||||
| 铁肥 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | ||||||||
| 杀虫剂 | 乐果 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2.5 | ||||||
| 浏阳霉素 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||||||||
| 增效辅助剂5-8份 | 可口可乐 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 4 | ||||||
| 百事可乐 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 5 | |||||
| 稀释水300-500倍 | 350 | 350 | 500 | 400 | 300 | 350 | 500 | 450 | |||
考虑到药物、化肥等组成成份的存放期和有效期，本竹醋液多效复合剂以临时配临时用，稀释后马上喷洒叶面为好。
对照一览表的组分的重量份配比来看，实施例1是94重量份竹醋液原液、1重量份链霉素、5重量份可口可乐进行混配，按每亩50-100毫升的量计算称重，用该混合物重量350倍重量的水稀释后立即喷洒茄科蔬菜叶面上。实施例3是95份竹醋原液、1份土霉素、1份锌盐(如硝酸锌)、1份银盐(如硝酸银)、2份钾肥(如氯化钾)、2份磷肥(如磷酸氢钙)、3份氮肥(如尿素)、0.5份铁肥(如硫酸亚铁)、0.5份硼肥、3份乐果、8份可口可乐。按50-100mL/亩的量计算称得重量，再按该重量500倍的水稀释后叶面喷洒。应该说，尚可依据茄科蔬菜不同的生长期、不同的密度、病虫害等情况，甚至用水稀释到1000倍喷洒，也是可行的。
表中给出了8项实施例，综合效果最多的是实施例3、4、5；茄科蔬菜花前生长期以氮肥充足的实施例7优选；开花结果期以磷、钾肥充足的实施例8优选。其中尚需兼顾病虫害等情况未选择。
常见的茄科蔬菜有蕃茄、茄子、青椒，竹醋液稀释液本身对茄科蔬菜有营养、杀菌、除虫、促进生长作用，按茄科蔬菜各生长阶段的生理、病理情况，对准下药地适量配制不同成分的功能性增效剂和增效辅助剂，施以叶面喷洒，其效果是肯定的。本设计人将茄科蔬菜(以蕃茄为例)分成三组：未施竹醋液稀释液(以水替代)的一组、单施竹醋液稀释液的一组、施竹醋液多效复合剂的一组，进行对比试验，用实施例1或2所得的复合剂来喷洒，每隔5-7天喷洒一次，整个生长期喷洒4次。喷洒复合剂的与喷洒清水的对照组比，蕃茄的植株平均增高8cm，平均根鲜重增加2.5g，单株平均结果增重166g；对蕃茄的烂果病、病毒病、白绢病、青枯病、庆霉病、棕榈蓟马虫危害、黄螨危害平均分别减少90％、85％、63％、89％、63％、78％、70％。施单一竹醋液稀释液的效果，介于上两组之间。
用实施例3-8制得的复合剂喷洒蕃茄，综合效果尤显著，以加入功能增效剂的成分和份量不同，效果有不同的偏重，宜准对性选配。
本发明喷洒于茄科蔬菜叶面，比喷单一竹醋液稀释液和不喷竹醋液的在抗菌、除虫、营养、促进生长渚多方面都有良好的效果，为竹醋液的实际应用提供了新的渠道。
Claims (3)
1、一种茄科蔬菜竹醋液多效复合剂生产方法，其特征是由下列组分及其重量份配比而成：80-100份竹醋液原液、1-15份功能增效剂、5-8份增效辅助剂，进行普通的混配，再按50-100mL/亩的量计算称得重量，再按该重量的300-500倍重量的水稀释即成。
2、如权利要求1所述的茄科蔬菜竹醋液多效复合剂生产方法，其特征是所说的功能增效剂包含有能溶于水的抗菌素、金属盐类、除虫剂、常用要素肥料四种之中至少一种。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的茄科蔬菜竹醋液多效复合剂生产方法，其特征是所说的增效辅助剂为可乐系列饮料中至少一种。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103704269A (zh) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | 青岛崂乡茶制品有限公司 | 一种改进的茶叶种植用农药 |
| CN114451424A (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-10 | 福建农林大学 | 一种适用于防治番茄青枯病的木醋液制备方法及应用 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1296743A (zh) * | 2000-05-09 | 2001-05-30 | 杨昕 | 绿色多功能有机增效剂及其制备方法 |
| CN1366817A (zh) * | 2001-12-07 | 2002-09-04 | 王正郁 | 竹醋液消毒、杀菌、除臭剂 |
| CN1520728A (zh) * | 2003-01-29 | 2004-08-18 | 江 徐 | 一种天然竹酢液灭蚊消毒剂的制备方法及应用 |
| CN1547908A (zh) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-24 | 江 徐 | 一种天然竹醋抗菌消毒液的制备方法及应用 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103704269A (zh) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | 青岛崂乡茶制品有限公司 | 一种改进的茶叶种植用农药 |
| CN114451424A (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-10 | 福建农林大学 | 一种适用于防治番茄青枯病的木醋液制备方法及应用 |
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