CN1687809A - Active large-core-diameter single-mode double-cladding photonic crystal fiber - Google Patents

Active large-core-diameter single-mode double-cladding photonic crystal fiber Download PDF

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CN1687809A
CN1687809A CN 200510025561 CN200510025561A CN1687809A CN 1687809 A CN1687809 A CN 1687809A CN 200510025561 CN200510025561 CN 200510025561 CN 200510025561 A CN200510025561 A CN 200510025561A CN 1687809 A CN1687809 A CN 1687809A
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refractive index
core
inner cladding
area
diameter single
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CN100373191C (en
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杨旅云
陈丹平
达宁
邱建荣
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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Abstract

An active large-core-diameter single-mode double-clad photonic crystal fiber comprises a signal core, an inner cladding, an outer cladding and a protective layer, and is characterized in that the signal core is a fiber core part doped with active ions, the inner cladding consists of porous areas and non-porous areas, small holes in the porous areas are periodically arranged, and the non-porous areas are adjacent to the fiber core area; the air holes account for more than 60% of the outer cladding, and the inner cladding and the outer cladding are connected; refractive index n of corecGreater than the effective refractive index n of the inner claddingc1,eThe effective refractive index of the inner cladding being greater than the effective refractive index of the outer cladding, nc2,e. Effective refractive index neThe calculated approximation of may be taken as:
Figure 200510025561.8_AB_0
wherein f is1Is the ratio of the area occupied by the air holes in the cladding, f2Is the ratio of the area occupied by the glass frit in the cladding, n1Refers to the refractive index of air, n2Refers to the refractive index of the frit.

Description

Active big core diameter single-mode double-clad photon crystal optical fibre
Technical field
The present invention relates to the active photonic crystal optical fibre, particularly a kind of active big core diameter single-mode double-clad photon crystal optical fibre.
Background technology
Rear-earth-doped Active Optical Fiber is widely used in light amplification and laser field.For high-capacity optical fiber laser, the factor of restriction output power of laser and quality mainly is the gain coefficient of laser instrument active medium, the power of pump light source and quality, and the absorption efficiency of pump light.It is rare earth ion doped on glass that the host glass of fiber laser mainly concentrates on silica based, active ions gain coefficient therein relatively adopts fluoride glass matrix, phosphate glass matrix, the fiber laser of silicate glass matrix is low, but the fiber laser of silica-based glass medium since damage threshold than higher, the loss ratio of optical fiber is lower, remains the leading of high-capacity optical fiber laser so far.The gain coefficient that improves silica-based glass matrix can adopt heavily doped method, and still, the heavy doping meeting brings serious cluster effect, causes fibre core and cladding index difference to become big simultaneously, thereby greatly influences the laser output of optical fiber.In common fiber laser, operation material is single cladded-fiber, and the numerical aperture of optical fiber is very little, and the core diameter of optical fiber is less than ten microns, and powerful pump light is difficult to effectively be coupled into fibre core, has restricted the output power of fiber laser.This problem is along with the appearance of doubly clad optical fiber has obtained great solution.Doubly clad optical fiber is by signal core; the pumping core; surrounding layer; and protective seam constitutes; signal core transmission single-mode laser; the pumping core constrains in laser in the fiber core with single-mold; play a part the transmission pump light simultaneously, the numerical aperture of the ratio signal core that the digital aperture of pumping core can design exceeds an order of magnitude, and its diameter can reach the hundreds of micron; like this; high-power multimode pump light can effectively be coupled into optical fiber, and the pump light among the pumping core constantly comes back reflective on whole fiber lengths, pass through fibre core; constantly absorbed by fibre core; thereby improved the absorbed power of pump light greatly, along with the raising as the output power of the diode laser of pumping source, the improvement of optical quality; and adopting technological means such as stacked pump mode, the output power of double clad single-mode fiber laser instrument can reach hundreds of watts.
No matter it is be that the traditional optical fiber or optical fiber of double clad can be supported the wavelength coverage of single mode running owing to be subjected to the restriction of single mode cut-off condition, all narrow usually.Diameter that can be by reducing fibre core or reduce fibre core and covering between refractive index official post single mode cutoff wavelength advance to short wavelength's direction, but, the diameter that reduces fibre core can make the luminous power that optical fiber can carry reduce significantly, simultaneously, in optical fiber, produce nonlinear effect easily, refractive index difference reduces then can make optical fiber easy loss light when bending, and the homogeneity that is used to adjust the adulterant of refringence also is difficult to control.
Overcome a difficult problem of utilizing tradition and doubly clad optical fiber can not in relative broad range, keep the light signal single mode and seen hope (the Knight J C of solution in recent years along with the invention of effective refractive index type photonic crystal fiber, Birks T A, Russell P St J, and Atkin D M 1996 Opt.Lett.21 1547, patent publication No. CN 1269020A).Photonic crystal fiber is a kind of 2 D photon crystal, and airport periodically is distributed in the glass host material on the optical wavelength yardstick in the xsect that its common structure is an optical fiber.By inlead defective in periodic structure, replace airport such as the size that changes the aperture or with glass, form photonic crystals optical fiber structure.Defective constitutes the fibre core of photonic crystal fiber, and the outer periodic structure of defective constitutes covering, and light is propagated in defective.Difference photonic crystal fiber according to leaded light mechanism can roughly be divided into two kinds, i.e. effective refractive index type and band gap waveguide type.In effective refractive index type photonic crystal fiber, fibre core is real core, and small airport has reduced the effective refractive index of covering, thereby light can be limited in the higher relatively fibre core of refractive index by total reflection mechanism and propagate.This photonic crystal fiber has many character that traditional fiber does not have, such as, single mode transport ceaselessly, big die face is long-pending, anomalous dispersion etc.What is called ceaselessly single mode transport refers to, when the ratio of the aperture in the photonic crystal fiber fibre core ambient air hole of being made by same material and pitch of holes is lower than certain numerical value (in quartzy photonic crystal fiber, being 0.15), this optical fiber is supported single mode transport in all optical wavelength range, and the diameter of fibre core does not determine the single mode transport condition.Ceaselessly single mode transport and long-pending these character of big die face can be applied in high power single mode fiber laser and the fiber amplifier active doped photon crystal optical fiber easily.In order further to improve the absorbed power of pump light, even the notion of doubly clad optical fiber can be incorporated in the photonic crystal fiber and go, prepared optical fiber is called double-clad photon crystal optical fibre or air cladding layer photonic crystal fiber (air-clad PCFs).Double-clad photon crystal optical fibre is made of signal core, pumping core, surrounding layer, sheathcoat and protective seam, and signal core is solid active ions doped-glass medium, and its diameter can reach tens of microns.The pumping core is to have the periodically glass medium of hole column distribution, the size of eyelet and the unimodular property of decision flashlight in fibre core that distribute.Surrounding layer is made up of airport and glass medium, and the shared ratio of airport surpasses 50%, and glass medium plays a part bridge, and pumping core and sheathcoat are coupled together.Sheathcoat is a glass medium, plays a part to increase fiber strength, and protective seam generally is made up of acryl resin, optical fiber is played the effect of protection.The digital aperture of signal core is very little, the ability of therefore collecting pump light is more weak, and the pumping core is that airport accounts for main surrounding layer owing to the periphery, and its digital aperture can exceed order of magnitude of signal core digital aperture, and the ability of collecting light is more intense, pump light is propagated at the pumping in-core, during through signal core, absorbed by the active ion in the signal core, in addition, because the diameter of pumping core can reach hundreds of microns, can be with high-power multi-mode laser as pumping source.Because the effective refractive index of surrounding layer is well below the refractive index of pumping core, the optical property of this optical fiber is subjected to the influence of sheathcoat hardly.
In the design of existing double-clad photon crystal optical fibre, only pay close attention to the design of the surrounding layer outside the pumping core,, make the numerical aperture of pumping core become big purpose to reach the effective refractive index that reduces surrounding layer.For the pumping core, known designs is only paid close attention to the arrangement of the airport row in this core, to reach the purpose of single mode running wavelength coverage in the control signal core.And in fact, because the airport of the periodic arrangement that distributing in the pumping core, pump light in the pumping core has greatly to have been fallen by airport scattering wherein, thereby can't the arriving signal core wherein active ions be carried out pumping, in fact this factor has restricted the raising of the output power of optical fiber, in addition, because the air that distributes in the pumping core is the poor conductor of heat, when fiber work during at high power state, the heat that gathers in the fibre core must distribute, thereby cause the heat distortion of optical fiber output signal, and the heat damage of optical fiber.
Therefore, need a kind of pumping efficiency that can either improve double-clad photon crystal optical fibre can play the double-clad photon crystal optical fibre of certain thermolysis again.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of active big core diameter single-mode double-clad photon crystal optical fibre, and it both can improve the pumping efficiency of double-clad photon crystal optical fibre, can improve the heat-sinking capability of this kind optical fiber again.
Principle of the present invention is that these aporate areas closely link to each other with core region by several aporate areas of introducing in the pumping core with periodicity hole column distribution.Pump light in the aporate area of pumping core is easy to the entering signal core, can improve the pumping efficiency of this optical fiber, and in addition, certain thermolysis also can be played owing to lack the distribution of airport in these zones.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of active big core diameter single-mode double-clad photon crystal optical fibre, comprise signal core, inner cladding, surrounding layer, sheathcoat and protective seam, it is characterized in that described signal core is the core segment that is mixed with active ions, described inner cladding is made up of hole area and aporate area, aperture in the hole area becomes periodic arrangement, and aporate area and core region are adjacent; The shared ratio of airport surpasses 60% surrounding layer, and inner cladding and sheathcoat are coupled together; The refractive index n of fibre core cEffective refractive index n greater than inner cladding C1, e, the effective refractive index of inner cladding is greater than the effective refractive index n of surrounding layer C2, eEffective refractive index n eApproximate can be taken as of calculating:
n e = f 1 n 1 2 + f 2 n 2 2
F wherein 1Be the ratio of airport area occupied in covering, f 2Be the ratio of frit area occupied in covering, n 1Refer to the refractive index of air, n 2Refer to the refractive index of frit.
Described fibre core is positioned at the geometric center of optical fiber, and the host material of optical fiber is a quartz glass, silicate glass, phosphate glass, or tellurate glass.
At least be doped with a kind of in rare earth ion ytterbium ion, erbium ion, neodymium ion, thulium ion, dysprosium ion or the praseodymium ion in the described fibre core, also be mixed with at least a of aluminium, phosphorus, fluoride simultaneously.
The ratio of the area of the aporate area of described inner cladding and the area of hole area is less than 0.2.
The aperture of the aperture of the hole area of described inner cladding and the ratio of pitch of holes are less than 0.30.
The refractive index of described inner cladding aporate area glass material is greater than the effective refractive index of hole area.
The refractive index of described inner cladding aporate area frit is not more than the refractive index of fibre core.
Between the aporate area of described inner cladding and the hole area big airport can be arranged.
Technique effect of the present invention is: the active big core diameter single-mode double-clad photon crystal optical fibre that a kind of new construction is provided of the present invention, its pump light absorption efficiency improves, and can reach 95%.Simultaneously, the heat-sinking capability of this kind optical fiber is also strengthened to some extent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of first embodiment of the invention double-clad photon crystal optical fibre.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of second embodiment of the invention double-clad photon crystal optical fibre.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of third embodiment of the invention double-clad photon crystal optical fibre.
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view of fourth embodiment of the invention double-clad photon crystal optical fibre.
Embodiment
For the present invention more clearly is described, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of first embodiment of the invention.Wherein sheathcoat 1 is made up of quartz glass.The diameter that distributing in the surrounding layer 2 is the airport of 8 μ m, the airport 4 that the triangularity that distributing in the inner cladding 3 is arranged, diameter is 2 μ m, pitch of holes is 10 μ m, the aporate area 5 that also has three symmetries in the inner cladding 3, and diameter is the airport 6 of 7 μ m, and the frit in the interior surrounding layer is quartz glass material.Fibre core 7 also is mixed with aluminium ion simultaneously for being mixed with the quartz glass of 2000ppm ytterbium ion, and the diameter of fibre core is 14 μ m.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of second embodiment of the invention.Wherein sheathcoat 8 is made up of quartz glass.The diameter that distributing in the surrounding layer 9 is the airport of 10 μ m, the airport 11 that the triangularity that distributing in the inner cladding 10 is arranged, diameter is 3 μ m, pitch of holes is 11 μ m, also have the aporate area 13 of six symmetries in the inner cladding 10, the frit in the interior surrounding layer is quartz glass material.Fibre core 12 is for being mixed with the quartz glass of 4000ppm ytterbium ion, and the diameter that also is mixed with the aluminium ion fibre core simultaneously is 32 μ m.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of third embodiment of the invention.Wherein sheathcoat 14 is made up of phosphate glass.The diameter that distributing in the surrounding layer 15 is the airport of 8 μ m, the airport 17 that the triangularity that distributing in the inner cladding 16 is arranged, diameter is 2 μ m, pitch of holes is 10 μ m, also have the aporate area 18 of two symmetries in the inner cladding, the frit in the interior surrounding layer is the phosphate glass material.Fibre core 19 is for being mixed with the phosphate glass of 1wt% erbium oxide and 2wt% ytterbium oxide, and the diameter of fibre core is 36 μ m.
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view of fourth embodiment of the invention.Wherein sheathcoat 20 is made up of schott F2 silicate glass.The diameter that distributing in the surrounding layer 21 is the airport of 6 μ m, the airport 23 that the quadrate that distributing in the inner cladding 22 is arranged, diameter is 2 μ m, the minimum aperture spacing is 10 μ m, also have the aporate area 24 of four symmetries in the inner cladding 22, the frit in the interior surrounding layer is unadulterated schott F7 silicate glass material.Fibre core 25 is for being mixed with the schottF7 silicate glass of 3.6wt% neodymia, and the diameter of fibre core is 28 μ m.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of active big core diameter single-mode double-clad photon crystal optical fibre, comprise signal core, inner cladding, surrounding layer, sheathcoat and protective seam, it is characterized in that described signal core is the core segment that is mixed with active ions, described inner cladding is made up of hole area and aporate area, aperture in the hole area becomes periodic arrangement, and aporate area and core region are adjacent; The shared ratio of airport surpasses 60% surrounding layer, and inner cladding and sheathcoat are coupled together; The refractive index n of fibre core cEffective refractive index n greater than inner cladding C1, e, the effective refractive index of inner cladding is greater than the effective refractive index n of surrounding layer C2, eEffective refractive index n eApproximate can be taken as of calculating:
n e = f 1 n 1 2 + f 2 n 2 2
F wherein 1Be the ratio of airport area occupied in covering, f 2Be the ratio of frit area occupied in covering, n 1Refer to the refractive index of air, n 2Refer to the refractive index of frit.
2, active big core diameter single-mode double-clad photon crystal optical fibre according to claim 1 is characterized in that described fibre core is positioned at the geometric center of optical fiber, and the host material of optical fiber is a quartz glass, silicate glass, phosphate glass, or tellurate glass.
3, active big core diameter single-mode double-clad photon crystal optical fibre according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being doped with at least in the described fibre core a kind of in rare earth ion ytterbium ion, erbium ion, neodymium ion, thulium ion, dysprosium ion or the praseodymium ion, also be mixed with at least a of aluminium, phosphorus, fluoride simultaneously.
4, active big core diameter single-mode double-clad photon crystal optical fibre according to claim 1, the ratio of area and the area of hole area of aporate area that it is characterized in that described inner cladding is less than 0.2.
5, active big core diameter single-mode double-clad photon crystal optical fibre according to claim 1, the ratio that it is characterized in that the aperture of aperture of hole area of described inner cladding and pitch of holes is less than 0.30.
6, active big core diameter single-mode double-clad photon crystal optical fibre according to claim 1 is characterized in that the effective refractive index of the refractive index of described inner cladding aporate area glass material greater than hole area.
7, the refractive index of described inner cladding aporate area frit is not more than the refractive index of fibre core.
8, active big core diameter single-mode double-clad photon crystal optical fibre according to claim 1 is characterized in that between the aporate area of described inner cladding and the hole area big airport being arranged.
CNB2005100255618A 2005-04-29 2005-04-29 Active large-core-diameter single-mode double-cladding photonic crystal fiber Expired - Fee Related CN100373191C (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101625438B (en) * 2009-08-11 2012-01-04 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 Bend insensitive single mode optic fiber with large effective area and manufacturing method thereof
CN108333670A (en) * 2018-05-04 2018-07-27 中国电子科技集团公司第四十六研究所 A kind of active microstructured optical fibers of aperiodicity coarse pitch single mode
CN108333669A (en) * 2018-05-04 2018-07-27 中国电子科技集团公司第四十六研究所 A kind of single polarization active microstructured optical fibers of aperiodicity coarse pitch single mode
CN109633808A (en) * 2019-01-10 2019-04-16 北京信息科技大学 A kind of counter-bending super large mode area pcf
CN114114524A (en) * 2021-12-10 2022-03-01 中国电子科技集团公司第四十六研究所 Large-core erbium-ytterbium co-doped single-mode photonic crystal fiber

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GB9713422D0 (en) * 1997-06-26 1997-08-27 Secr Defence Single mode optical fibre
GB9929344D0 (en) * 1999-12-10 2000-02-02 Univ Bath Improvements in or relating to photonic crystal fibres
GB2365992B (en) * 2000-08-14 2002-09-11 Univ Southampton Compound glass optical fibres
WO2002039159A1 (en) * 2000-11-10 2002-05-16 Crystal Fibre A/S Optical fibres with special bending and dispersion properties
US6470127B2 (en) * 2001-01-31 2002-10-22 Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc. Photonic band-gap light-emitting fibers
CN1243259C (en) * 2004-04-12 2006-02-22 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 Rare-earth doped photon crystal optical fiber
CN1584641A (en) * 2004-06-01 2005-02-23 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Photonic crystal fiber

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101625438B (en) * 2009-08-11 2012-01-04 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 Bend insensitive single mode optic fiber with large effective area and manufacturing method thereof
CN108333670A (en) * 2018-05-04 2018-07-27 中国电子科技集团公司第四十六研究所 A kind of active microstructured optical fibers of aperiodicity coarse pitch single mode
CN108333669A (en) * 2018-05-04 2018-07-27 中国电子科技集团公司第四十六研究所 A kind of single polarization active microstructured optical fibers of aperiodicity coarse pitch single mode
CN108333669B (en) * 2018-05-04 2024-04-16 中国电子科技集团公司第四十六研究所 Single-polarization aperiodic large-pitch single-mode active microstructure optical fiber
CN109633808A (en) * 2019-01-10 2019-04-16 北京信息科技大学 A kind of counter-bending super large mode area pcf
CN109633808B (en) * 2019-01-10 2021-11-02 北京信息科技大学 Bending-resistant oversized mode field photonic crystal fiber
CN114114524A (en) * 2021-12-10 2022-03-01 中国电子科技集团公司第四十六研究所 Large-core erbium-ytterbium co-doped single-mode photonic crystal fiber

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