CN1676885A - 具有相连覆接盖的整体盖式导向器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种构造等效涡轮整体盖式叶片排列的系统和方法,该涡轮具有多个由定子支承的叶片(104),包括多个叶片;多个形成第一表面的盖部(106),该第一表面构造得可在相邻叶片(104)的端部位置之间跨接多个相邻叶片(104)的端部(111),从而形成相邻叶片(104)的盖部(106)部分,其中,和每一相邻叶片(104)相连的盖部(106)包括相邻叶片(104)的相邻盖部(106)的面对侧(118);和一个与第二表面相连的覆接盖(110),该第二表面相对于上述每一盖部(106)的第一表面,上述覆接盖(110)构造得端部(111)具有至少一个硬度确定性约束,并能够经由面对侧(118)密封防止相邻盖部(106)的泄漏。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蒸汽轮机,尤其是涉及固定承载件或含有导向器叶片的内壳体,导向器叶片引导并加速蒸汽,用于冲击蒸汽轮机的斗式叶片。
背景技术
蒸汽轮机通常在蒸汽路径上利用由多个空气动力型固定叶片形成的导向器接纳蒸汽,并将其平滑地转为所需方向以及加速撞击到涡轮叶片上。蒸汽路径的精确度对于涡轮效率非常重要。蒸汽必须利用精确构造且稳定支承膜片或导向器叶片非常精确地导向,以避免动力紊流浪费或者偏离设计的流量特性。
一些蒸汽轮机设计概念采用膜片,膜片传统上通过将叶片的相对端插入到作为垫片的半圆带中的切口内形成。这些叶片的端部预焊到上述垫片上,内外半圆环被深熔焊接到垫片和叶片。为了在叶片和上述环之间获得满意的连接,需要在上述环和垫片之间进行非常深的焊接操作,以使在该界面下具有足够的焊透深度,从而接触并连接上述叶片。
如专利US 4,288,677所述,当焊接深度增加时焊接缺陷也随之增加。例如,这种焊接缺陷包括裂纹、渣孔、未完全焊透等等,这些均会导致导向器叶片失效或不稳定。另外,这种深度焊接容易产生变形,从而使蒸汽路径偏离设计的空气动力特性,从而降低装置的整体效率。
上述垫片通常比较薄,举例来说,一般小于四分之一英寸,但这种厚度是传统冲压技术能够达到的最小厚度。由于这种厚度,垫片自身在焊接到内外环之前作为定位介质比作为能够自身支承叶片的结构件更有效率。
产生变形的另一个来源是因为垫片和叶片需要制成半圆形。因加热、焊接收缩、材料消除应力和回火的变形都倾向在和内外半圆环相匹配之前和匹配过程中使这些组件变形。这种变形至少可以部分地追究其原因,这在于半圆形组件上的应力变化可导致该装置变形。
传统制造工艺采用径向匹配平面来匹配上述膜片的两个半部。由于导向器的叶片在切向方向重叠,这通常需要切掉每一半圆形装置每一端上的导向器叶片。这种情况就导致蒸汽路径内的相对柔软的叶片部分可能产生变形和振动,从而降低气流的动力效率。
第二种典型的蒸汽轮机概念采用插入到内壳体或承载件内周槽中的单个导向器。这种概念可进一步分为两种不同的内径端结构:1)在盖上锤击形成,2)由整体盖式导向器形成。可在盖上进行锤击,通过机械地将凸头锤击榫接到所述盖将导向器聚合在一起。尽管通过上述机械作用,但是该设计在翼面和上述盖之间以及在邻近周边之间均还是存在大量泄漏通路。但可替换的,整体盖式导向器可大大减小或者消除这些泄漏通路。由于密封是蒸汽轮机的关键环节,所以这是非常需要的。
但是对于上述蒸汽路径中的旋转件和非旋转件来说,避免空气动力高循环疲劳(HCF)和坚固可靠却同等重要。由于装置和承载限制,整体盖式导向器不可能总是能够保证确定性边界条件。
因此,就需要提供一种方法和产品,能够为涡轮提供一种整体盖式叶片,其不同于已知的整体盖式叶片,且比其他叶片盖技术具有更多优点。
发明内容
通过下列示意性实施例所记载的方案,可以克服或减轻上述所探讨以及其它的缺点和不足,其中包括:多个叶片;多个形成第一表面的盖部,该第一表面构造得可在相邻叶片的端部位置之间跨接多个相邻叶片的端部,从而形成相邻叶片的盖部部分,其中和每一相邻叶片相连的盖部包括:相邻叶片的相邻盖部的面对侧;和一个第二表面相连的覆接盖,该第二表面相对于每一盖部的第一表面,上述覆接盖构造得至少一个端部具有硬度确定性约束(stiffen deterministic constraints),并能够经由面对侧密封防止相邻盖部的泄漏。
在另一实施例中,公开了一种构造等效涡轮整体盖式叶片的方法,该涡轮具有多个由定子支承的叶片。上述方法包括将具有多个各自盖部的多个叶片固定到第一表面上,该第一表面构造得可在相邻叶片的端部位置之间跨接多个相邻叶片的端部,其中和每一各自相邻叶片相连的盖部包括相邻叶片的相邻盖部的面对侧;将一个覆接盖和第二表面相连,该第二表面相对于上述盖部的第一表面,上述覆接盖构造得至少一个端部具有硬度确定性约束,并能够经由上述面对侧密封防止相邻盖部的泄漏。
根据下列详细叙述和附图,本领域技术人员可以更加清楚地理解本发明的上述特征和其它优点。
附图说明
现在参考附图,图中类似的元件用相同的附图标记进行标识,其中:
图1示出了蒸汽轮机典型结构的轴线剖视图;
图2是根据一个示例性实施例中的整体盖式导向器(ICN)的侧向透视图;
图3是根据一个示例性实施例的图2中的三个ICN利用一个覆接盖(overcover)连在一起的仰视图;
图4A至4E示出代表性的界面,其中图4A为Z切口形界面,图4B为矩形直切界面,图4C为嵌套双翼界面,图4D为单翼界面,图4E为对角线界面,其中所有这些叶片的视图是从涡轮的轴观察到的,同时示出盖部的底部;以及
图5为图3中三个连接的ICN的俯视透视图,示出了对应盖部之间的界面。
具体实施方式
下面参看图1,示出了轴流蒸汽轮机10的剖面,其包括壳体12和转轴14。多个涡轮叶片16以传统方式固定在轴14上,并随之旋转。入口膜片18包括一圆排叶片20,这些叶片能够将来自蒸汽室22内的蒸汽加速并导引到涡轮叶片的第一排24上。
在涡轮叶片16下一级的叶片对之间设置有另一膜片26,用以将来自上一级的蒸汽加速且变向,并以最佳角度和速度撞击下一级。
每一膜片26均包括在外垫片28和内垫片30之间的叶片20。在外垫片28上固定外环32,该外环以传统方式和壳体12相配合。在内垫片30上固定内环34,该内环和上述轴14相间隔悬置。和传统方式一样,在内环34内端的密封区域36内可设置有轴密封(未示出),以使轴14在相对膜片26旋转时能够进行密封,从而防止沿转轴的轴向蒸汽泄漏。
下面参考图2,说明了整体盖式导向器(ICN)100。导向器100包括构造得可操作地固定在内承载件的槽中的楔形榫头部102。翼片或导向器叶片104在一端固定于上述楔形榫头部102,而在另一端固定在盖部106。凸头108从盖部106延伸,和覆接盖(overcover)110可操作地连接,该覆接盖将在下面参考图3和5详细叙述。在示意性实施例中,凸头108最好是铆接到盖部106上,但并不局限于此。
下面参考图3,示出了三个由面对侧118所连在一起的ICN 100,该ICN包括设置在每一盖部106上的覆接盖110。可以认为,覆接盖110被设置在多个ICN 100上,多个意指多于一个,包括两个或更多的ICN 100。覆接盖110最好是构造得厚度小于每一盖部106的厚度。覆接盖110包括定位在其中的多个孔,以便于和从每一盖部106上延伸的凸头108对齐。可锤击每一凸头108,以保持覆接盖110,使其跨接图示的三个导向器100。但是可以想到包括两个导向器100在内的任何数量的导向器只要构成围绕轴14的环均可。每一凸头108均可为任何尺寸或形状,不再受限于图5所示的翼形端,即通常受限于其所固定的翼形端几何结构之内。也可以使用其它限定覆接盖110的方法,例如钎焊或焊接。如果使用钎焊或焊接将覆接盖110固定到盖部106上,则在盖部106上的凸头108可以用或可以不用。
在一示意性实施例中并再回来参照图2,可以通过焊接组合或者可替换的应用钎焊、电镀、喷涂或其它机械方式或冶金方式将装配材料(materialbuildup)应用到盖部部分106的每一面对侧118上。在图2中以虚线示出装配材料119。可通过加工从组合材料119中去除多余的材料120,从而在相邻盖部部分106(参看图5)之间提供洁净的接触界面121。盖部106的外周面部122和每一盖部106的内周面部123上均具有多余材料120。
上述界面121可具有不同的互锁形状。在图4A中,界面121以Z形切口示出。在图4B中,界面121为相对于涡轮叶片的矩形地直线,且平行于转子的旋转轴线。在图4C中,界面121为双翼或嵌套结构。这种结构具有朝向涡轮叶片后沿124和前沿125的曲线。在图4D中,示出了一种单翼结构,其中界面121在后沿124的方向仅具有一个单曲线126。在图4E中,界面121为对角线。该界面的性质在于:在相邻盖部部分106之间可实现滑动配合。通过这种方式,在相邻叶片或导向器100之间的界面线121上产生接触,即使有任何叶片104产生振动,其运动也均会受相邻叶片104的阻碍。图4B的例子可能是最有效的结构,因为当叶片因导向器尾迹频率而试图扭转时,这些矩形盖部就会随上述频率的增加而增大节矩(pitch)。
参考图5,在叶片104上安装单个盖部部分106,随后定位焊在132处,使盖部106不移动地铆接上述凸头108。在将凸头108铆接到盖部106之后,去掉沿每一盖部106边缘的多余材料133。通过这种方式,定位焊接部132的相对侧面(图5中仅示出一侧)被修剪掉,使整体盖部部分106连接到每一叶片104。
在本发明的不同实施例中,整体盖式叶片开始时可以通过这种方式排列。因此,盖部部分106可由合适的焊接或钎焊被固定到每一叶片104的端部111上。此后,每一叶片结构构成一个等效的整体盖式导向器。
在整体盖式导向器(ICN)的顶部利用覆接盖可以满足于双重目的。即该覆接盖不仅可使导向器组织在一起从而变得结实并保持确定性端部约束,而且该覆接盖还可以经由界面121密封,防止相邻整体盖式导向器之间产生泄漏。
尽管参考示意性实施例已经叙述了本发明,但是本领域技术人员可以理解的是,在不偏离本发明的范围内,元件可以进行不同的变化和等效替换。此外,在不偏离本发明范围的情况下,可对特定位置或材料进行多种修改以适于本发明的教导。因此,本发明并不局限于这里作为实施本发明最佳实施例所公开的内容,所以本发明将包括所有落入权利要求范围内的实施例。
Claims (9)
1、一种用于涡轮(10)的整体盖式导向器(100)的多组叶片(20),包括:
多个叶片;
多个形成第一表面的盖部(106),该第一表面构造得可在相邻叶片(104)的端部位置之间跨接多个相邻叶片(104)的端部(111),从而形成相邻叶片(104)的盖部(106)部分,其中,和每一相邻叶片(104)相连的盖部(106)包括:相邻叶片(104)的相邻盖部(106)的面对侧(118);
和第二表面相连的覆接盖(110),该第二表面相对于上述每一盖部(106)的所述第一表面,上述覆接盖(110)构造得所述端部(111)至少具有其中一个硬度确定性约束,并能够经由面对侧(118)密封防止相邻盖部(106)的泄漏。
2、如权利要求1所述的叶片(104),其特征在于,上述多个盖部(106)中的每一个均包括一个从盖部延伸并通过上述覆接盖(110)内的孔的凸头(108)。
3、如权利要求2所述的叶片(104),其特征在于,上述凸头(108)是一相对于上述覆接盖(110)锤击、焊接和钎焊形成的元件。
4、如权利要求1所述的叶片(104),其特征在于,上述覆接盖(110)构造得厚度小于所述多个盖部(106)中每一个的厚度。
5、如权利要求1所述的叶片(104),其特征在于,上述覆接盖(110)是一种焊接和钎焊到所述多个盖部(106)的所述第二表面上的元件。
6、如权利要求5所述的叶片(104),进一步包括:
在盖部(106)的至少一个面对侧(118)上的装配材料(119),加工上述装配材料(119),可使相邻叶片(104)的相邻盖部(106)之间产生一个界面(121)。
7、如权利要求6所述的叶片(104),其特征在于,通过可选择机械或冶金操作将上述装配材料(119)应用在上述盖部的两个面对侧(118)上。
8、如权利要求7所述的叶片(104),其特征在于,将装配材料(119)应用在所有相邻叶片(104)上的盖部(106)之间,从而形成整体盖式叶片排列。
9、如权利要求6所述的叶片(104),包括可选择在盖部(106)和叶片端部之间应用欠焊接(underweld)或欠钎焊(underbraze),从而将盖部(106)有效固定到上述叶片(104)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/708,909 US20050220622A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | Integral covered nozzle with attached overcover |
US10/708,909 | 2004-03-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1676885A true CN1676885A (zh) | 2005-10-05 |
Family
ID=34886467
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNA2005100595516A Pending CN1676885A (zh) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-29 | 具有相连覆接盖的整体盖式导向器 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050220622A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1582698A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2005291208A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20060044967A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1676885A (zh) |
Cited By (2)
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CN101622423B (zh) * | 2007-03-06 | 2012-06-20 | 西门子公司 | 燃气涡轮发动机的导叶组件的导叶管道元件 |
CN109869196A (zh) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-06-11 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | 一种双联或多联的叶轮机转子叶片及具有其的叶轮机 |
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US9382801B2 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2016-07-05 | General Electric Company | Method for removing a rotor bucket from a turbomachine rotor wheel |
JP2023108322A (ja) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-08-04 | 三菱重工コンプレッサ株式会社 | ノズルモジュール、ノズルダイアフラム、蒸気タービン、ノズルダイアフラムの組立方法、蒸気タービンの組立方法、及び蒸気タービンの分解方法 |
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2004
- 2004-03-31 US US10/708,909 patent/US20050220622A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2005-03-23 EP EP05251814A patent/EP1582698A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-29 CN CNA2005100595516A patent/CN1676885A/zh active Pending
- 2005-03-30 KR KR1020050026266A patent/KR20060044967A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-30 JP JP2005097999A patent/JP2005291208A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101622423B (zh) * | 2007-03-06 | 2012-06-20 | 西门子公司 | 燃气涡轮发动机的导叶组件的导叶管道元件 |
CN109869196A (zh) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-06-11 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | 一种双联或多联的叶轮机转子叶片及具有其的叶轮机 |
CN109869196B (zh) * | 2019-04-18 | 2021-10-01 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | 一种双联或多联的叶轮机转子叶片及具有其的叶轮机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2005291208A (ja) | 2005-10-20 |
KR20060044967A (ko) | 2006-05-16 |
US20050220622A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
EP1582698A1 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
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