CN1676237A - Vacuum mechanical dual-stirring casting method for preparing granule reinforced aluminium-base composite material - Google Patents
Vacuum mechanical dual-stirring casting method for preparing granule reinforced aluminium-base composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a vacuum mechanical double-stirring casting method for preparing granule reinforced aluminium base composite material. Said method includes the following steps: melting and purifying aluminium material, cooling and deslagging; under the condition of vacuum reverse slowly internal stirring to implement degassing process, adding the pretreated reinforcing granules onto the deslagged aluminium liquid surface, internal and external forward simultaneously stirring, mixing the reinforcing granules into the melt, stoping external stirring, under the condition of retaining stable liquid surface high-speed internal stirring so as to make the reinforcing granules be uniformly distributed in the liquid, heating, internal and external reverse double stirring and slowly rotating to implement degassing; adding alternant and fining agent, internal stirring slowly rotating so as to make them be mixed into melt and uniformly distributed, removing vacuum, tapping and casting to obtain ingot casting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vacuum mechanical dual-stirring casting method for preparing particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, especially under vacuum condition, by inside and outside two methods that prepare matrix material that stir.
Background technology
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is owing to have high specific strength, specific rigidity and a specific modulus, excellent performance such as good anti-abrasion resistance properties and low density and good heat conductivity and the extremely extensive concern of various countries and research.Up to the present the preparation method of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material of comparative maturity has powder metallurgic method, pressure method of impregnation, spray deposition and stirring casting method, and what have competitive power and application prospect most is powder metallurgic method and stirring casting method.Than powder metallurgic method, the mechanical stirring casting has equipment, technology is simple, and low cost and other advantages is one of effective means of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material scale operation.
The mechanical stirring casting is that enhanced granule is joined aluminium melt surface, utilizes the mechanical stirring means to bring enhanced granule into liquid and it is dispersed in the liquid, pours into ingot casting then.The subject matter that mechanical mixing method prepares the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material existence is: 1. the wettability between enhanced granule and the liquation is poor, causes enhanced granule to be reunited, and is poly-partially, so that enhanced granule skewness in matrix, influences performance of composites; 2. the viscosity of aluminum matrix composite melt is big, the surface tension height, and enhanced granule is difficult to enter and is dispersed in the melt; 3. stir in the preparation process, roll up gas easily, the aluminum matrix composite surface tension is big in addition, is involved in gas and is difficult to get rid of the matrix material void content height of preparation.Improving the infiltrating method of particle at present mainly is at metals such as enhanced granule surface-coated nickel, copper, and enhanced granule is carried out organic solvent cleaning or vacuum plasma bombardment etc., but these complex treatment process, the cost height realizes that difficulty is big; For enhanced granule being entered and being dispersed in the melt, main at present by improving the rotating speed of agitator, melt is carried out brute force to be stirred, and too high stirring velocity can make the enhanced granule on the liquid level fly upward too big, enhanced granule is easily taken away by vacuum system, enhanced granule is under the effect of strong mixing power in addition, the part enhanced granule is arranged under action of centrifugal force, be deposited in gradually on the sidewall of crucible, cause in the matrix material enhanced granule content inaccurate, and stirring velocity be too high, melt splashes easily and wraps up in gas, influence the density of matrix material, the scum silica frost of bath surface, oxide compound is involved in melt easily, forms slag inclusion, defectives such as pore.
Summary of the invention
Technology to be solved by this invention is in the mechanical stirring casting preparation particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material process, wettability is poor between enhanced granule and matrix liquation, enhanced granule is difficult to enter and is dispersed in the melt, problems such as matrix material void content height provide a kind of vacuum machine two methods that prepare the high quality particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material that stir.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
One, gets the raw materials ready
1. the weight ratio by enhanced granule and aluminium material takes by weighing enhanced granule and aluminium material.
2. alterant and fining agent are taken by weighing the quality of alterant and fining agent by the weight ratio of aluminium material.
3. enhanced granule is sieved, remove cluster of grains and other impurity of reunion, when the aluminium material is inserted crucible enhanced granule is inserted roasting pre-treatment in the baking oven, temperature is at 400～500 ℃, removing surface impurity and adsorption moisture, up to ceramic particle add fashionable till.
Two, material recombination process
1. the aluminium material is inserted in the crucible and melt, after the aluminium materialization is clear, turn-off heating power supply, when making temperature be controlled at 695～705 ℃, be furnished with the vacuum (-tight) housing of agitator on the bonnet of skimming, then crucible vacuumized, vacuum tightness is-0.08～-0.1MPa, agitator carries out the slow reverse stirring in starting, and stirring velocity is 250～300 rev/mins, and purpose is to remove to wrap up in attached gas in the melt.
2. when temperature of aluminum liquid is reduced to 605 ℃～615 ℃, stop to stir, unload vacuum, the vision slit of pretreated enhanced granule by vacuum (-tight) housing joined the aluminum melt surface, vacuumize, vacuum tightness is-0.08～-0.1MPa, external agitator in starting simultaneously, interior agitator positive dirction stirs at a slow speed, and its rotating speed edges up 250～300 rev/mins, external agitator is rotated in the forward, and its rotating speed edges up 100～120 rev/mins; Speed will keep bath surface more stably when promoting, enhanced granule is brought melt into by the swirling action power that interior stirring produces, and the enhanced granule that constantly will be deposited on the sidewall of crucible by outer stirring pushes the eddy current center, make enhanced granule be involved in melt very soon, finish the adition process of enhanced granule to melt; Enhanced granule is involved in the process need 10～15 minutes of melt.
3. treat to stop after enhanced granule adds fully outer the stirring, stir and pulling speed in continuing, lifting process will keep liquid level steady.Temperature is carried out powerful interior stirring of high speed to melt in the time of 570～580 ℃, stirring velocity is 1000～1200 rev/mins, high-speed stirring 20～30 minutes, expeditiously that the enhanced granule group of reuniting is broken, be scattered in equably in the melt, finish the blending process of enhanced granule and melt.
4. behind enhanced granule and the melt mixing, heat up.Stirring in continuing in the process that heats up, and reduction of speed gradually, the reduction process of speed will keep liquid level steady.Heat up 10 minutes the time, agitator turns in changing, stir in carrying out oppositely, and underspeed according to the steady situation continued of liquid level, constantly the melt Conveying with the bottom arrives bath surface, starts the external agitator forward simultaneously and stirs at a slow speed, and bath surface crust layer is broken, bubble in the melt is overflowed under vacuum action, and outer stirring velocity is 100～120 rev/mins.
5. temperature rises to 695～705 ℃, stop degasification process, alterant and fining agent are joined molten surface by vision slit, agitator is to stir 10～15 minutes in 250～300 rev/mins of slow forward in starting, make alterant and fining agent enter and be dispersed in the liquid, unload vacuum, come out of the stove, be cast into ingot casting.
6. the enhanced granule of indication of the present invention is a silicon carbide, aluminium ZL101 that material refers to.
The agitator that present method is used is application number: 2,005 1 0011105.8, and denomination of invention: the double-stirring device of " vacuum double-stirring device of preparation enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles ".
The present invention can obtain following beneficial effect compared to existing technology:
1. the preprocessing process of enhanced granule is simple, and by sieving, macrobead reunion group and tiny impurity and surface adsorption moisture have been removed in high-temperature roasting, have improved the wetting property between enhanced granule and matrix, have improved the dispersiveness of enhanced granule in matrix.
2. before adding enhanced granule after skimming, the agitator slow reverse stirs in vacuumizing and opening, and has removed the gas in the crucible.
3. in the high speed positive dirction of two-phase region stirred, the melt of having avoided violent stirring to cause splashed and gas is involved in, and has intensive broken enhanced granule group and enhanced granule and melt-mixing are acted on uniformly.
4. oppositely interior at a slow speed stirring can reduce the static pressure that melt is overflowed to bubble with the bottom melt Conveying to bath surface.The outer at a slow speed stirring of positive dirction also can broken float over the bubble and the crust layer of bath surface, stir in the other direction at a slow speed and the cooperation of vacuum condition under, make the bubble effusion melt in the melt, the gas in the minimizing matrix material.
5. this stirring technique carries out inside and outside stirring simultaneously, and can realize in the same way, oppositely speed change stirs, strengthened being involved in and homodisperse efficient of enhanced granule greatly, and melt degasifying effect, in addition owing to be stirring at low speed under the high temperature, reduce high-temperature fusant to the washing away and corrode of agitator, reduced foreign matter content.
Description of drawings
The two whipping device synoptic diagram of Fig. 1 vacuum.
The enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles metallograph of the two paddling process preparations of Fig. 2 machinery, optical microstructure * 400.
Among the figure: 1 crucible, 2 interior agitators, 3 external agitators, 4 vision slits, 5 resistance furnaces.
Embodiment
As ceramic enhanced granule, the aluminium strontium is as alterant with silicon carbide, and aluminium titanium boron is as the embodiment of fining agent.
One, gets the raw materials ready
1. be respectively to take by weighing 2.78kg aluminium material and 750g silicon carbide at 1: 4 by the weight ratio of silicon carbide and aluminium material, the aluminium material is ZL101, and carborundum granularity is 20 microns.
2. each is to take by weighing 20g aluminium strontium, 25g aluminium titanium boron in 0.1: 25,0.03: 50,0.04: 25 respectively with the weight ratio of aluminium material by aluminium strontium, aluminium titanium boron.
3. the 750g silicon-carbide particle is sieved, remove cluster of grains and other impurity of reunion, when the aluminium material is inserted crucible silicon-carbide particle is inserted roasting pre-treatment in the baking oven, temperature is at 450 ℃, removing surface impurity and adsorption moisture, up to the silicon carbide ceramics particle add fashionable till.
Two, material recombination process
1. the aluminium material is inserted in the crucible 1 and melt, after the aluminium materialization is clear, turn-off heating power supply, when making temperature be controlled at 700 ℃, be furnished with the vacuum (-tight) housing of agitator on the bonnet of skimming, then crucible 1 vacuumized, vacuum tightness is-0.09MPa, agitator 2 carries out the slow reverse stirring in starting, and stirring velocity is 280 rev/mins, and purpose is to remove to wrap up in attached gas in the melt.
2. when temperature of aluminum liquid is reduced to 610 ℃, stop to stir, unload vacuum, the vision slit 4 of pretreated silicon carbide enhanced granule by vacuum (-tight) housing joined the aluminum melt surface, vacuumize, vacuum tightness is-0.09MPa, external agitator in starting simultaneously, interior agitator 2 positive dirctions stir at a slow speed, its rotating speed edges up 280 rev/mins, external agitator 3 is rotated in the forward, its rotating speed edges up 110 rev/mins: speed will keep bath surface more stably when promoting, and the silicon carbide enhanced granule is brought melt into by the swirling action power that interior stirring produces, and the silicon carbide enhanced granule that constantly will be deposited on the sidewall of crucible by outer stirring pushes the eddy current center, make the silicon carbide enhanced granule be involved in melt very soon, finish the adition process of silicon carbide enhanced granule to melt; The silicon carbide enhanced granule is involved in the process need 12 minutes of melt.
3. treat to stop after the silicon carbide enhanced granule adds fully outer the stirring, stir and pulling speed in continuing, lifting process will keep liquid level steady.Temperature carries out stirring in the high speed brute force to melt in the time of 575 ℃, stirring velocity is 1100 rev/mins, high-speed stirring 25 minutes also is scattered in the silicon carbide enhanced granule group fragmentation of reuniting in the melt expeditiously equably, finishes the blending process of silicon carbide enhanced granule and melt.
4. behind silicon carbide enhanced granule and the melt mixing, heat up.Stirring in continuing in the process that heats up, and reduction of speed gradually, the reduction process of speed will keep liquid level steady.Heat up 10 minutes the time, agitator 2 turns in changing, stir in carrying out oppositely, and underspeed according to the steady situation continued of liquid level, constantly the melt Conveying with the bottom arrives bath surface, starts external agitator 3 forwards simultaneously and stirs at a slow speed, and bath surface crust layer is broken, make bubble in the melt melt of overflowing under vacuum, outer stirring velocity is 110 rev/mins.
5. temperature rises to 700 ℃, stop degasification process, alterant and fining agent are joined molten surface by vision slit 4, agitator 2 is to stir 12 minutes in 280 rev/mins of slow forward in starting, make alterant aluminium strontium and fining agent aluminium titanium boron enter and be dispersed in the liquid, unload vacuum, come out of the stove, be cast into ingot casting.
Press the metallograph that above step adopts the silicon-carbide particle enhancing ZL101 aluminum matrix composite of the two paddling processs preparations of machinery, shown in Figure of description 2, optical microstructure * 400.
Silicon-carbide particle is uniformly dispersed among the figure, does not have and obviously reunites and poly-partially phenomenon, and the interface bond quality is good, and pore is mingled with few.
Claims (2)
1. two stirring casting methods of the vacuum machine for preparing particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, the aluminium material places crucible to melt, and enhanced granule is joined molten surface, stir, enhanced granule is entered and be dispersed in the matrix liquation, heat up, add alterant and fining agent, the cast of coming out of the stove; It is characterized in that:
When a. temperature is controlled at 695～705 ℃, after skimming, cover the vacuum (-tight) housing of being furnished with agitator, then crucible (1) is vacuumized, vacuum tightness is-0.08～-0.1MPa, agitator (2) carries out the slow reverse stirring in starting, and stirring velocity is 250～300 rev/mins, and purpose is to remove to wrap up in attached gas in the melt;
When b. temperature of aluminum liquid is reduced to 605 ℃～615 ℃, stop to stir, unload vacuum, the vision slit (4) of pretreated enhanced granule by vacuum (-tight) housing joined the aluminum melt surface, vacuumize, vacuum tightness is-0.08～-0.1MPa, external agitator in starting simultaneously, interior agitator (2) positive dirction stirs at a slow speed, and its rotating speed edges up 250～300 rev/mins, external agitator (3) is rotated in the forward, and its rotating speed edges up 100～120 rev/mins; Speed will keep bath surface more stably when promoting, enhanced granule is brought melt into by the swirling action power that interior stirring produces, and the enhanced granule that constantly will be deposited on the sidewall of crucible by outer stirring pushes the eddy current center, make enhanced granule be involved in melt very soon, finish the adition process of enhanced granule to melt; Enhanced granule is involved in the process need 10～15 minutes of melt;
C. treat to stop after enhanced granule adds fully outer the stirring, stir and pulling speed in continuing, lifting process will keep liquid level steady, temperature is carried out powerful interior stirring of high speed to melt in the time of 570～580 ℃, stirring velocity is 1000～1200 rev/mins, high-speed stirring 20～30 minutes, expeditiously that the enhanced granule group of reuniting is broken, and be scattered in equably in the melt, the blending process of enhanced granule and melt finished;
D. behind enhanced granule and the melt mixing, heat up, stir in the process that heats up, continuing, and reduction of speed gradually, the reduction process of speed will keep liquid level steady, heat up 10 minutes the time, agitator turns in changing, stir in carrying out oppositely, and underspeed according to the steady situation continued of liquid level, constantly the melt Conveying with the bottom arrives bath surface, starting the external agitator forward simultaneously stirs at a slow speed, bath surface crust layer is broken, the bubble in the melt is overflowed under vacuum action, outer stirring velocity is 100～120 rev/mins;
E. temperature rises to 695～705 ℃, stop degasification process, alterant and fining agent are joined molten surface by vision slit, agitator is to stir 10～15 minutes in 250～300 rev/mins of slow forward in starting, make alterant and fining agent enter and be dispersed in the liquid, unload vacuum, come out of the stove, be cast into ingot casting.
2. a kind of two stirring casting methods of vacuum machine that prepare particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: enhanced granule is sieved, remove cluster of grains and other impurity of reunion, when the aluminium material is inserted crucible, ceramic enhanced granule is inserted roasting pre-treatment in the baking oven, 400～500 ℃ of temperature, removing surface impurity and adsorption moisture, up to ceramic particle add fashionable till.
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