CN1673418A - Production of aluminium by low-temperature electrolytic process and special aluminium electrolytic tank thereof - Google Patents
Production of aluminium by low-temperature electrolytic process and special aluminium electrolytic tank thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1673418A CN1673418A CN 200510011143 CN200510011143A CN1673418A CN 1673418 A CN1673418 A CN 1673418A CN 200510011143 CN200510011143 CN 200510011143 CN 200510011143 A CN200510011143 A CN 200510011143A CN 1673418 A CN1673418 A CN 1673418A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of non-ferrous metal material, and is especially low temperature aluminum producing process and special aluminum electrolyzing bath. The present invention features the low temperature aluminum electrolyzing process at 700-850 deg.c in molten potassium cryolite salt system with alumina as material. The aluminum electrolyzing bath consists of cathode, wires, anode, electrolytic bath, electrolyte and aluminum liquid collecting tank. The present invention uses molten potassium cryolite salt system as electrolyte with high electric conductivity, great alumina dissolubility and great alumina dissolving rate to overcome the demerits of low temperature aluminum electrolysis. The low temperature aluminum electrolysis creates the condition for using inertial material. The present invention can realize high current efficiency, low power consumption and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the nonferrous materials field, particularly a kind of low-temperature electrolytic is produced the method and the special-purpose aluminium cell thereof of aluminium.
Background technology
Aluminium is produced with sodium cryolite-alumina molten salt electrolysis method, and Aluminium Electrolysis needs a large amount of electric energy, and power consumption accounts for 30% in the Aluminium Electrolysis cost.Modern industry electrolysis of aluminum main drawback is the electrolysis temperature height, and up to 920～950 ℃, energy consumption is big, and direct current consumption is 13500kWh/t aluminium～15000kWh/t aluminium.Low-temperature aluminum electrolysis is to solve one of in-problem important measures of modern aluminum electrolytic industry.Low-temperature aluminum electrolysis can be saved electric energy, and the research of low-temperature aluminum electrolysis is had several different methods, mainly concentrate on existing industrial sodium cryolite system, but electrolysis temperature still is not less than 900 ℃.The fusing point of aluminium is 660 ℃, in fact electrolysis of aluminum temperature more than the fusing point of aluminium 50～100 ℃ just can satisfy the electrolysis of aluminum requirement.Yet low-temperature aluminum electrolysis in 700 ℃～850 ℃ temperature ranges, the solubleness of the aluminum oxide of low melting point aluminium electrolyte and dissolution rate are all lower in sodium cryolite-alumina molten salt, can not satisfy the electrolytic requirement of industrial aluminum.So, realize that with suitable molten salt system low melting point ionogen low-temperature aluminum electrolysis is the energy-saving and cost-reducing important channel of aluminium electrolytic industry.
Summary of the invention
The alumina dissolution degree that the objective of the invention is to exist at low-temperature aluminum electrolysis process in sodium cryolite-alumina system hangs down and the little shortcoming of dissolution rate, proposes a kind of method of producing aluminium under low-temperature; A kind of special-purpose aluminium electrolytic tank device of realizing this method is provided simultaneously.
A kind of low-temperature electrolytic is produced the method for aluminium, it is characterized in that the ionogen that low-temperature aluminum electrolysis uses in 700 ℃～850 ℃ scopes is potassium cryolite (hexafluoro closes aluminium three sour potassium) molten salt system, wherein the potassium cryolite weight percent content is 50～80%, the aluminum fluoride weight percent content is 20～50%, and the lithium fluoride weight percent content is 0～5%.By the weight percent concentration that satisfies said ratio is that to mix weight percent concentration be that 4～8% aluminum oxide constitute ionogen for 92～96% potassium cryolite (hexafluoro closes aluminium three sour potassium) fused salt.Alumina dissolution speed is fast, can satisfy industrial aluminum electrolysis requirement, bath voltage 3.3～3.5V, current efficiency 94～96%, direct current consumption 10000kWh/t aluminium～11000kWh/t aluminium.
A kind of low-temperature electrolytic is produced the aluminium cell of aluminium special use, it is characterized in that aluminium cell is to be made of negative electrode 1, lead 2, anode 3, electrolyzer 4, ionogen 5, aluminium liquid 6, aluminium converge groove 7.Direct current is entered by anode 3, flows out from negative electrode 1 by ionogen 5; Separate out aluminium liquid on the negative electrode 1 and enter aluminium converge groove 7.
Negative electrode 1 material therefor is TiB
2And MoSi
2Matrix material, MoSi
2Weight percent content is 5～8%, TiB
2Weight percent content is 92～95%, uses the powder metallurgy process moulding.Anode 3 material therefors are the metal inert material, and composition is Sn, Cu, Ni, Fe, and weight percent content is respectively 10～20%, 50～60%, 10～20% and 10～20%, uses the powder metallurgy process moulding.Electrolyzer 4, aluminium converge groove 7 use silicon nitride combined silicon carbide material.Negative electrode and anode all are made into tabular, electric tank cathode and anode are arranged verticals, electrode surface is parallel to each other, at least be provided with one group in the cell body with electrode that sun-the male-female mode is arranged, in same groove, also multi-group electrode can be installed with this mode, be sun-male-female-male-female, electrolyzer pole span 2～2.5cm.
The characteristics of the inventive method:
The inventive method is used elpasolite fused salt system electrolyte conductivity height, the solubleness and the dissolution rate of aluminum oxide are big, overcome the shortcoming of sodium cryolite-alumina molten salt system low-temperature aluminum electrolysis, and low-temperature aluminum electrolysis uses inert material to create good environment for use to electrolyzer.The inventive method can realize high current efficiency, less energy-consumption and target cheaply in this device.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the used special-purpose aluminium electrolytic tank device structural representation of low-temperature aluminum electrolysis.
Embodiment
Embodiment one, and aluminum cell current intensity is 180kA, and the negative electrode material therefor is TiB
2And MoSi
2Matrix material, MoSi
2Weight percent content is 8%, TiB
2Weight percent content is 92%, makes of the powder metallurgy forming method.The anode material therefor is the metal inert material, composition is Sn, Cu, Ni, Fe, weight percent content is respectively 20%, 60%, 10%, 10%, make of powder metallurgy process, negative electrode and anode all are made into tabular, electrode is with sun-male-female-male-female form arranged vertical in the cell body, and electrode surface is parallel to each other, electrolyzer pole span 2.5cm.Electrolyzer material and aluminium converge groove material all use silicon nitride combined silicon carbide material.The ionogen that uses in the electrolysis is elpasolite fused salt system, and wherein the potassium cryolite weight percent content is 60%, and the aluminum fluoride weight percent content is 35%, and the lithium fluoride weight percent content is 5%.Weight percent concentration is that to mix weight percent concentration be that 4% aluminum oxide constitutes ionogen to 96% potassium cryolite fused salt.Electrolysis temperature is 750 ℃, bath voltage 3.3V, and current efficiency 96%, direct current consumption is a 10242kWh/t aluminium.Embodiment two, and aluminum cell current intensity is 230kA, and the cathode material therefor is TiB
2And MoSi
2Matrix material, MoSi
2Weight percent content is 7%, TiB
2Weight percent content is 93%, uses the powder metallurgy process moulding.The anode material therefor is the metal inert material, composition is Sn, Cu, Ni, Fe, weight percent content is respectively 15%, 55%, 15%, 15%, make of powder metallurgy process, negative electrode and anode all are made into tabular, electrode is with sun-male-female-male-female form arranged vertical in the cell body, and electrode surface is parallel to each other, electrolyzer pole span 2.5cm.Electrolyzer material and aluminium converge groove material all use silicon nitride combined silicon carbide material.The ionogen that uses in the electrolysis is elpasolite fused salt system, and wherein the potassium cryolite weight percent content is 70%, and the aluminum fluoride weight percent content is 25%, and the lithium fluoride weight percent content is 5%.Weight percent concentration is that to mix weight percent concentration be that 4% aluminum oxide constitutes ionogen to 96% potassium cryolite fused salt.Electrolysis temperature is 800 ℃, bath voltage 3.3V, and current efficiency 95%, direct current consumption is a 10351kWh/t aluminium.
Claims (6)
1. a low-temperature electrolytic is produced the method for aluminium, it is characterized in that the ionogen that low-temperature aluminum electrolysis uses in 700 ℃～850 ℃ scopes is elpasolite fused salt system, wherein the potassium cryolite weight percent content is 50～80%, the aluminum fluoride weight percent content is 20～50%, and the lithium fluoride weight percent content is 0～5%; Weight percent concentration is that to mix weight percent concentration be that 4～8% aluminum oxide constitute ionogen for 92～96% potassium cryolite fused salt.
2. a low-temperature electrolytic is produced the aluminium cell of aluminium special use, it is characterized in that aluminium cell is by negative electrode (1), lead (2), anode (3), electrolyzer (4), ionogen (5), aluminium liquid (6), aluminium converge groove (7), formation; Direct current is entered by anode (3), flows out from negative electrode (1) by ionogen (5); Separate out aluminium liquid on the negative electrode (1) and enter aluminium converge groove (7).
3. low-temperature electrolytic as claimed in claim 2 is produced the aluminium cell of aluminium special use, it is characterized in that negative electrode (1) material therefor is TiB
2, MoSi
2Matrix material, MoSi
2Weight percent content is 5～8%, TiB
2Weight percent content is 92～95%, uses the powder metallurgy process moulding.
4. produce the aluminium cell of aluminium special use as claim 2 or 3 low-temperature electrolytics, it is characterized in that anode (3) material therefor is the metal inert material, composition is Sn, Cu, Ni, Fe, weight percent content is respectively 10～20%, 50～60%, 10～20%, 10～20%, makes of powder metallurgy process.
5. produce the aluminium cell of aluminium special use as claim 2 and 3 or 4 described low-temperature electrolytics, it is characterized in that electrolyzer all uses identical silicon nitride combined silicon carbide material with the aluminium converge groove material.
6. produce the aluminium cell of aluminium special use as low-temperature electrolytic as described in claim 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, it is characterized in that negative electrode and anode all are made into tabular, electric tank cathode and anode are arranged verticals, electrode surface is parallel to each other, at least be provided with one group in the cell body with electrode that sun-the male-female mode is arranged, in same groove, also multi-group electrode can be installed with this mode, i.e. sun-male-female-male-female, electrolyzer pole span 2～2.5cm.
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| CN 200510011143 CN1673418A (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2005-01-07 | Production of aluminium by low-temperature electrolytic process and special aluminium electrolytic tank thereof |
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| CN 200510011143 CN1673418A (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2005-01-07 | Production of aluminium by low-temperature electrolytic process and special aluminium electrolytic tank thereof |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1936085B (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2010-04-14 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing aluminium and aluminium alloy by low temperature molten-salt electrolysis |
| WO2011072546A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-23 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Electrolyte used in aluminum electrolysis |
| CN102312252A (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2012-01-11 | 东北大学 | Method for improving alumina dissolution rate in aluminium electrolysis process |
| CN103938080A (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2014-07-23 | 内蒙古联合工业有限公司 | Inert alloy anode used for electrolyzing aluminum and preparing method thereof |
| US9551078B2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2017-01-24 | Aluminum Corporation Of China Limited | Electrolytic cell for producing primary aluminum by using inert anode |
| CN108950604A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-07 | 营口忠旺铝业有限公司 | A kind of aluminum electrolysis technology |
| CN110029359A (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-07-19 | 中南大学 | Multi-chamber aluminum electrolytic cell and its bus-bar system |
| CN110760887A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-07 | 镇江慧诚新材料科技有限公司 | Electrode structure for combined production and electrolysis of oxygen and aluminum |
-
2005
- 2005-01-07 CN CN 200510011143 patent/CN1673418A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1936085B (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2010-04-14 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing aluminium and aluminium alloy by low temperature molten-salt electrolysis |
| WO2011072546A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-23 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Electrolyte used in aluminum electrolysis |
| US9551078B2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2017-01-24 | Aluminum Corporation Of China Limited | Electrolytic cell for producing primary aluminum by using inert anode |
| CN102312252A (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2012-01-11 | 东北大学 | Method for improving alumina dissolution rate in aluminium electrolysis process |
| CN102312252B (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2013-11-13 | 东北大学 | Method for improving alumina dissolution rate in aluminium electrolysis process |
| CN103938080A (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2014-07-23 | 内蒙古联合工业有限公司 | Inert alloy anode used for electrolyzing aluminum and preparing method thereof |
| CN108950604A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-07 | 营口忠旺铝业有限公司 | A kind of aluminum electrolysis technology |
| CN110029359A (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-07-19 | 中南大学 | Multi-chamber aluminum electrolytic cell and its bus-bar system |
| CN110029359B (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2020-03-27 | 中南大学 | Multi-chamber aluminum electrolysis cell and bus system thereof |
| CN110760887A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-07 | 镇江慧诚新材料科技有限公司 | Electrode structure for combined production and electrolysis of oxygen and aluminum |
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