CN108950604A - A kind of aluminum electrolysis technology - Google Patents
A kind of aluminum electrolysis technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN108950604A CN108950604A CN201811016658.6A CN201811016658A CN108950604A CN 108950604 A CN108950604 A CN 108950604A CN 201811016658 A CN201811016658 A CN 201811016658A CN 108950604 A CN108950604 A CN 108950604A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/18—Electrolytes
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Abstract
The invention belongs to metal smelt fields, it is related to a kind of aluminum electrolysis technology, electrolyte material component except alumina is mixed and (uses ice crystal as the solvent of cell reaction aluminium oxide), to mixture heating until molten condition, adds aluminium oxide and obtain melt；Melt obtained above is electrolysed under the conditions of 800~820 DEG C, current density 1A/cm2, obtain molten aluminum；By above-mentioned resulting molten aluminum, the impurity of slag inclusion in molten aluminum is removed by the step of stirring, filtering, pure molten aluminum is obtained, finally packs；This technique is chosen the combination of heterogeneity, is solved the problems, such as high containing carbon slag and liquidus temperature in Aluminium Industry electrolyte by the proportion of each ingredient of control.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal smelt fields, are related to a kind of aluminum electrolysis technology.
Background technique
Electrolytic aluminium is exactly by being electrolysed obtained aluminium.Modern Aluminium Industry production melts salt electricity using cryolite-alumina
Solution.Molten cryolitic is solvent, and aluminium oxide is as solute, and using carbon body as anode, molten aluminum is passed through powerful as cathode
Direct current after, at 950 DEG C -970 DEG C, be electrochemically reacted, that is, be electrolysed on the two poles of the earth in electrolytic cell.At present big
During batch electrolytic aluminium, attention is usually compared in terms of energy conservation, and reach energy-efficient by reducing liquidus temperature
Purpose, and in currently available technology liquidus temperature substantially at 820 DEG C, and molten aluminum separation when molten aluminum in be easy doping
Carbon slag.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of aluminum electrolysis technology, by controlling the proportion of each ingredient, choosing
The combination for taking heterogeneity solves the problems, such as high containing carbon slag and liquidus temperature in molten aluminum.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a kind of aluminum electrolysis technology, comprising the following steps:
A, the electrolyte outside alumina is mixed, ice crystal as cell reaction aluminium oxide solvent by aluminium oxide
It is dissolved in ice crystal, by the electrolyte mixture heating outside alumina until molten condition, adds salic ice
Spar solution obtains melt；
B, electrolytic tank electrode is powered on, the obtained melt of step A is placed in after electrolytic cell in 800~820 DEG C of conditions
Under be electrolysed, current density 1A/cm2, the molten aluminum after being electrolysed；
C, by the resulting molten aluminum of step B, the impurity of slag inclusion in molten aluminum is removed by the step of stirring, filtering, obtains fine aluminium
It is packed；
Wherein the formula of the electrolyte is formulated by following components according to weight percent, aluminium oxide 3%~6%,
Aluminum fluoride 25%~30%, calcirm-fluoride 2%~5%, magnesium fluoride 2%~5%, sodium fluoride 32%~35%, lithium fluoride 2%~
5%, potassium fluoride 2%~5%, potassium fluoroaluminate 20%~25%.
Further, the weight ratio of magnesium fluoride and potassium fluoride is 1: 1 in step A.
Further, the liquidus temperature of electrolyte is 800~815 DEG C in step A.
Further, electrolyte mixing is preposition in step A is dried in baking oven.
Further, the height of electrolyte melt is 20~25cm in step B, and the electrolyte melt degree of superheat is controlled 5~8
℃。
Further, anode electrolytic cell material is consumable carbon anodes or non-expendable conductive anode in step B.
Further, in step B electric tank cathode material be full graphitization cathode material, part graphitization cathode material or
TiB2/ C composite cathode material.
Further, electrolytic cell groove profile is horizontal slot, vertical slot or multicavity tray in step B.
Further, the filtering of impurity uses ceramic filter plate in step C molten aluminum, and wherein ceramic filter plate is double-filtration,
It is 30~40 mesh that the first order, which filters mesh number, and it is 50~60 mesh that mesh number is filtered in the second level.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, in aluminum electrolysis technology disclosed in this invention, aluminium oxide is the solute as cell reaction in electrolyte formula,
It is dissolved in ice crystal.Ice crystal is the solvent as cell reaction aluminium oxide.Sodium oxide molybdena contained by raw alumina and moisture exist
It into after in electrolyte, can also be chemically reacted with electrolyte, sodium fluoride and hydrogen fluoride be produced, to make electrolyte ingredient
It changes, molecular proportion increases, therefore to reduce the addition of aluminium oxide, increases the additional amount of aluminum fluoride.Calcirm-fluoride is mainly to furnace
The formation of side is beneficial, it can furnace is made to help comparatively robust.The effect of magnesium fluoride is to improve the property of electrolyte, reduces electrolysis
Matter temperature is conducive to the separation of breeze and electrolyte.The effect of sodium fluoride is to improve electricity when filling new slot material and initial start stage
Solve the molecular proportion of matter.The effect of lithium fluoride is the liquidus temperature that can reduce electrolyte, improves the conductivity of electrolyte, is reduced
The density of electrolyte carries out electrolyte at a lower temperature.Therefore it can be improved productivity, reduce the energy consumption of aluminium.
Potassium fluoride and potassium fluoroaluminate can reduce the liquidus temperature of electrolyte.
2, aluminum electrolysis technology disclosed in this invention, by the selection of electrolyte reduce in electrolytic process go out brilliant temperature into
And reach Electrolytic Energy Saving, improve the effect of current efficiency.The prior art is mainly with the normal addition of aluminium electrolyte partial replacement
Aluminum fluoride by dry process decrease the volatilization of aluminum fluoride to reduce the cost of electrolysis additive containing aluminium, mitigate environmental pollution.
This patent goes out brilliant temperature to reduce molten aluminum, and then increases the addition to aluminium oxide by the selection of material, the selection of material mixture ratio
Amount, the additive amount of aluminium oxide is generally 1%~3% in the prior art, and our aluminium oxide additive amount is 3%~6%, this
It is very little that the technical staff in field, which both knows about aluminium oxide solubility during electrolytic aluminium, so the solubility of electrolytic aluminium is high
Also imply that reaction rate can be faster more energy saving, thus the aluminum electrolysis technology by way of reducing out brilliant temperature more
Energy conservation and environmental protection.
3, aluminum electrolysis technology disclosed in this invention, before optimizing components, electrolysis temperature is about 830~840 DEG C, optimizing components
Reduce about 10 DEG C of electrolysis temperature of electrolyte afterwards, current efficiency improves 0.5%~0.7% from 93%, liquidus temperature from
820 DEG C reduce 5 DEG C or more, and increase the separation rate of carbon slag and molten aluminum, reduce the carbon slag in molten aluminum.
Specific embodiment
Below by a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of aluminum electrolysis technology, comprising the following steps:
A, the electrolyte outside alumina is mixed, ice crystal as cell reaction aluminium oxide solvent by aluminium oxide
It is dissolved in ice crystal, by the electrolyte mixture heating outside alumina until molten condition, adds salic ice
Spar solution obtains melt, and wherein electrolyte mixing is preposition is dried in baking oven, the ingredient of electrolyte are as follows: aluminium oxide
3%, aluminum fluoride 25%, calcirm-fluoride 5%, magnesium fluoride 5%, sodium fluoride 32%, lithium fluoride 2%, potassium fluoride 5%, potassium fluoroaluminate
23%；
B, electrolytic tank electrode is powered on, the obtained melt of step A is placed in after electrolytic cell and is carried out under the conditions of 820 DEG C
Electrolysis, current density 1A/cm2, molten aluminum after being electrolysed, wherein the height of electrolyte melt is 25cm, electrolyte melt
At 5 DEG C, electrolytic cell groove profile is multicavity tray for degree of superheat control, and anode electrolytic cell material is consumable carbon anodes, electric tank cathode material
Material is full graphitization cathode material；
C, by the resulting molten aluminum of step B, the impurity of slag inclusion in molten aluminum is removed by the step of stirring, filtering, obtains fine aluminium
It is packed, wherein the filtering of impurity uses ceramic filter plate, and ceramic filter plate is double-filtration, and first order filtering mesh number is
40 mesh, it is 60 mesh that mesh number is filtered in the second level.
The current efficiency of electrolyte is 93.5% in the present embodiment, and the liquidus temperature of electrolyte is 815 DEG C, carbon residue content
0.13%.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of aluminum electrolysis technology, comprising the following steps:
A, the electrolyte outside alumina is mixed, ice crystal as cell reaction aluminium oxide solvent by aluminium oxide
It is dissolved in ice crystal, by the electrolyte mixture heating outside alumina until molten condition, adds salic ice
Spar solution obtains melt, and wherein electrolyte mixing is preposition is dried in baking oven, the ingredient of electrolyte are as follows: aluminium oxide
6%, aluminum fluoride 25%, calcirm-fluoride 2%, magnesium fluoride 2%, sodium fluoride 35%, lithium fluoride 3%, potassium fluoride 2%, potassium fluoroaluminate
25%；
B, electrolytic tank electrode is powered on, the obtained melt of step A is placed in after electrolytic cell and is carried out under the conditions of 820 DEG C
Electrolysis, current density 1A/cm2, molten aluminum after being electrolysed, wherein the height of electrolyte melt is 20cm, electrolyte melt
At 5 DEG C, electrolytic cell groove profile is multicavity tray for degree of superheat control, and anode electrolytic cell material is consumable carbon anodes, electric tank cathode material
Material is full graphitization cathode material；
C, by the resulting molten aluminum of step B, the impurity of slag inclusion in molten aluminum is removed by the step of stirring, filtering, obtains fine aluminium
It is packed, wherein the filtering of impurity uses ceramic filter plate, and ceramic filter plate is double-filtration, and first order filtering mesh number is
40 mesh, it is 50 mesh that mesh number is filtered in the second level.
The current efficiency of electrolyte is 93.7% in the present embodiment, and the liquidus temperature of electrolyte is 813 DEG C, carbon residue content
0.14%.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of aluminum electrolysis technology, comprising the following steps:
A, the electrolyte outside alumina is mixed, ice crystal as cell reaction aluminium oxide solvent by aluminium oxide
It is dissolved in ice crystal, by the electrolyte mixture heating outside alumina until molten condition, adds salic ice
Spar solution obtains melt, and wherein electrolyte mixing is preposition is dried in baking oven, the ingredient of electrolyte are as follows: aluminium oxide
3%, aluminum fluoride 30%, calcirm-fluoride 2%, magnesium fluoride 3%, sodium fluoride 35%, lithium fluoride 5%, potassium fluoride 2%, potassium fluoroaluminate
20%；
B, electrolytic tank electrode is powered on, the obtained melt of step A is placed in after electrolytic cell and is carried out under the conditions of 820 DEG C
Electrolysis, current density 1A/cm2, molten aluminum after being electrolysed, wherein the height of electrolyte melt is 20cm, electrolyte melt
At 5 DEG C, electrolytic cell groove profile is multicavity tray for degree of superheat control, and anode electrolytic cell material is consumable carbon anodes, electric tank cathode material
Material is full graphitization cathode material；
C, by the resulting molten aluminum of step B, the impurity of slag inclusion in molten aluminum is removed by the step of stirring, filtering, obtains fine aluminium
It is packed, wherein the filtering of impurity uses ceramic filter plate, and ceramic filter plate is double-filtration, and first order filtering mesh number is
40 mesh, it is 50 mesh that mesh number is filtered in the second level.
The current efficiency of electrolyte is 93.5% in the present embodiment, and the liquidus temperature of electrolyte is 815 DEG C, carbon residue content
0.11%.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of aluminum electrolysis technology, comprising the following steps:
A, the electrolyte outside alumina is mixed, ice crystal as cell reaction aluminium oxide solvent by aluminium oxide
It is dissolved in ice crystal, by the electrolyte mixture heating outside alumina until molten condition, adds salic ice
Spar solution obtains melt, and wherein electrolyte mixing is preposition is dried in baking oven, the ingredient of electrolyte are as follows: aluminium oxide
4%, aluminum fluoride 29%, calcirm-fluoride 3%, magnesium fluoride 2%, sodium fluoride 33%, lithium fluoride 5%, potassium fluoride 3%, potassium fluoroaluminate
21%；
B, electrolytic tank electrode is powered on, the obtained melt of step A is placed in after electrolytic cell and is carried out under the conditions of 820 DEG C
Electrolysis, current density 1A/cm2, molten aluminum after being electrolysed, wherein the height of electrolyte melt is 20cm, electrolyte melt
At 5 DEG C, electrolytic cell groove profile is multicavity tray for degree of superheat control, and anode electrolytic cell material is consumable carbon anodes, electric tank cathode material
Material is full graphitization cathode material；
C, by the resulting molten aluminum of step B, the impurity of slag inclusion in molten aluminum is removed by the step of stirring, filtering, obtains fine aluminium
It is packed, wherein the filtering of impurity uses ceramic filter plate, and ceramic filter plate is double-filtration, and first order filtering mesh number is
40 mesh, it is 50 mesh that mesh number is filtered in the second level.
The current efficiency of electrolyte is 93.6% in the present embodiment, and the liquidus temperature of electrolyte is 814 DEG C, carbon residue content
0.19%.
Comparative example 1:
Comparative example 1 the difference from embodiment 1 is that, the ingredient of electrolyte is aluminium oxide 2%, aluminum fluoride 55%, sodium fluoride
33%, lithium fluoride 6%, potassium fluoride 4%.
Electrolysis temperature is 840 DEG C in comparative example 1, current efficiency 92%, and the liquidus temperature of electrolyte is 820 DEG C, breeze
Content 0.5%.
Comparative example 2:
Comparative example 2 the difference from example 2 is that, the ingredient of electrolyte is aluminium oxide 2%, aluminum fluoride 52%, sodium fluoride
33%, magnesium fluoride 5%, lithium fluoride 5%, potassium fluoride 3%.
Electrolysis temperature is 835 DEG C in comparative example 2, current efficiency 92%, and the liquidus temperature of electrolyte is 820 DEG C, breeze
Content 0.2%.
Comparative example 3:
Comparative example 3 and the difference of embodiment 3 are that the ingredient of electrolyte is aluminium oxide 1%, aluminum fluoride 30%, sodium fluoride
33%, magnesium fluoride 5%, lithium fluoride 5%, potassium fluoride 6%, potassium fluoroaluminate 20%.
Electrolysis temperature is 830 DEG C in comparative example 3, current efficiency 92%, and the liquidus temperature of electrolyte is 815 DEG C, breeze
Content 0.2%.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of aluminum electrolysis technology, which comprises the following steps:
A, the electrolyte outside alumina is mixed, ice crystal as cell reaction aluminium oxide solvent by alumina dissolution
In ice crystal, by the electrolyte mixture heating outside alumina until molten condition, adds salic ice crystal
Solution obtains melt；
B, electrolytic tank electrode is powered on, by the obtained melt of step A be placed in after electrolytic cell under the conditions of 800~820 DEG C into
Row electrolysis, current density 1A/cm2, the molten aluminum after being electrolysed；
C, by the resulting molten aluminum of step B, the impurity of slag inclusion in molten aluminum is removed by the step of stirring, filtering, and obtains fine aluminium progress
Packaging；
Wherein the formula of the electrolyte is formulated by following components according to weight percent, aluminium oxide 3%~6%, fluorination
Aluminium 25%~30%, calcirm-fluoride 2%~5%, magnesium fluoride 2%~5%, sodium fluoride 32%~35%, lithium fluoride 2%~5%, fluorine
Change potassium 2%~5%, potassium fluoroaluminate 20%~25%.
2. aluminum electrolysis technology as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the weight ratio of magnesium fluoride and potassium fluoride is 1 in step A
∶1。
3. aluminum electrolysis technology as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step A the liquidus temperature of electrolyte be 800~
815℃。
4. aluminum electrolysis technology as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step A electrolyte mixing it is preposition in baking oven into
Row drying.
5. aluminum electrolysis technology as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step B the height of electrolyte melt be 20~
25cm, the electrolyte melt degree of superheat are controlled at 5~8 DEG C.
6. aluminum electrolysis technology as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that anode electrolytic cell material is expendable carbon in step B
Anode or non-expendable conductive anode.
7. aluminum electrolysis technology as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that electric tank cathode material is full graphitization in step B
Cathode material, part graphitization cathode material or TiB2/ C composite cathode material.
8. aluminum electrolysis technology as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that electrolytic cell groove profile is horizontal slot, vertical slot in step B
Or multicavity tray.
9. aluminum electrolysis technology as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the filtering of impurity is using ceramic mistake in step C molten aluminum
Filter plate, wherein ceramic filter plate is double-filtration, and it is 30~40 mesh that the first order, which filters mesh number, and it is 50~60 that mesh number is filtered in the second level
Mesh.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN110093630A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-06 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | It is suitable for electrolyte system and its application of acid oxidation aluminum electrolysis process |
| CN111172562A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-19 | 镇江慧诚新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of fuel aluminum for aluminum-air battery |
| CN112779564A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-05-11 | 神华准能资源综合开发有限公司 | Acid method alumina aluminum electrolysis system and application thereof |
| CN114410975A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-29 | 东北大学 | Method for recovering waste aluminum/waste aluminum alloy |
| CN114481224A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-13 | 季秀女 | Processing technology of electrolytic aluminum |
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